Attachment 3 - USAF TechOrder TO 1-1-4.pdf

TO 1-1-4

TECHNICAL MANUAL

EXTERIOR FINISHES, INSIGNIA AND

MARKINGS,

APPLICABLE TO USAF AIRCRAFT

F09603-89-3074

(ATOS)

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT - Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Other request for this document should be referred to WR-ALC/LKC, Robins AFB GA 31098. Questions concerning technical content should be referred to WR-ALC/LEM, Robins AFB GA 31098.

Published under authority of the Secretary of the Air Force

14 MAY 1994

CHANGE 7 - 17 JULY 1998

INSERT LATEST CHANGED PAGES. DESTROY SUPERSEDED PAGES.

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

NOTE: The portion of the text affected by the changes is indicated by a vertical line in the outer margins of the page. Changes to illustrations are indicated by miniature pointing hands. Changes to wiring diagrams are indicated by shaded areas.

Dates of issue for original and changed pages are:

Original ........................... 0................ 14 May 1994 Change............................. 4..........31 January 1997 Change............................. 1......15 September 1995 Change............................. 5............29 August 1997 Change............................. 2............9 January 1996 Change............................. 6............. 20 March 1998 Change............................. 3......20 September 1996 Change............................. 7................ 17 July 1998

TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS PUBLICATION IS 176, CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING:

Page *Change Page *Change Page *Change No. No. No. No. No. No.

Title A i - v vi Blank 1-1 1-2 1-3 - 1-4 2-1 - 2-4 3-1 - 3-3 3-4 Blank 4-1 4-2 4-3 - 4-4 4-5 - 4-6 5-1 - 5-4 6-1 - 6-2 6-3 - 6-4 6-5 6-6 Blank 7-1 - 7-2 A-1 - A-2 A-3 - A-4 A-5 - A-6 A-7 A-8 B-1 - B-12 B-13 B-14 - B-45 B-46 - B-48 C-1 - C-2 C-3 C-4 - C-6 D-1 - D-42 D-43 D-44 - D-56 E-1 - E-8 E-9 E-10 F-1 - F-9 F-10 Blank

*Zero in this column indicates an original page

A Change 7 USAF

T.O. 1-1-4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section/Para Page

I GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1-1 Purpose......................................................................................................................... 1-1 1-2 Definitions ................................................................................................................... 1-1 1-3 Applicability................................................................................................................. 1-1 1-4 Responsibilities............................................................................................................ 1-1 1-5 Major Command Regulations ..................................................................................... 1-2 1-6 Authorized Deviations................................................................................................. 1-2 1-7 Aircraft Received From Other Services..................................................................... 1-2 1-8 Request for Waivers .................................................................................................... 1-3 1-9 Service Tests ................................................................................................................ 1-3 1-10 Reporting Painting and Marking Deficiencies.......................................................... 1-3 1-11 Decalcomania (Decals) ................................................................................................ 1-3 1-12 Applicable References ................................................................................................. 1-3

II STANDARD EXTERIOR FINISHES FOR USAF AIRCRAFT.................................................... 2-1 2-1 Metal Exterior Finishes .............................................................................................. 2-1 2-2 Policy Guidance ........................................................................................................... 2-1 2-3 Air Force Standard Exterior Finishes ....................................................................... 2-3 2-4 Exterior Finish Identification Codes ......................................................................... 2-3 2-5 Special Purpose Exterior Solar Resistant Finishes .................................................. 2-3 2-6 Exhaust, Gun And Rocket Gas/Blast Areas .............................................................. 2-4 2-7 Thermal Ref lective Finish.......................................................................................... 2-4 2-8 Salt Water, Salt Air And Polluted Air....................................................................... 2-4 2-9 Anti-Glare Finishes ..................................................................................................... 2-4 2-10 Acid Resistant Finishes .............................................................................................. 2-4 2-11 Finishes For Aircraft Propellers And Helicopter Rotors.......................................... 2-4 2-12 Anti-Skid Coating For Walkways .............................................................................. 2-4 2-13 Finish System For Engine Air Intake Ducts/Scoops ................................................ 2-4

III STANDARD MARKINGS AND INSIGNIA FOR USAF AIRCRAFT ......................................... 3-1 3-1 General......................................................................................................................... 3-1 3-2 USAF Standard Markings And Insignia ................................................................... 3-1 3-3 General Specification for Lettering and Numerals Used in Marking for

Aircraft......................................................................................................................3-2 3-4 Paint Facility/Finish Identification Block................................................................. 3-2

IV SPECIAL PURPOSE MARKING FOR USAF AIRCRAFT.......................................................... 4-1 4-1 General......................................................................................................................... 4-1 4-2 American Flag Markings ............................................................................................ 4-1 4-3 United States of America Marking ............................................................................ 4-1 4-4 Organization Insignia or Emblems ............................................................................ 4-2 4-5 Outstanding Unit Award Markings........................................................................... 4-2 4-6 Crew Markings ............................................................................................................ 4-2 4-7 Local Station Numbers and Markings for Aircraft .................................................. 4-2 4-8 Air National Guard (Ang) Aircraft ............................................................................ 4-3 4-9 Usaf Aircraft Supplied Under Map ........................................................................... 4-3 4-10 Aircraft Propeller Markings ....................................................................................... 4-3 4-11 Helicopter Rotor Blade Markings .............................................................................. 4-4 4-12 Tail Rotor Blade Markings ......................................................................................... 4-4 4-13 Installation Of Placards In Aircraft .......................................................................... 4-4 4-14 Identification Markings For Jettisonable Aircraft Components ............................. 4-4 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

Section/Para Page

4-15 Marking Of Emergency Lighting (Flashlight) - Cargo And Transport Type Aircraft ............................................................................................................4-5

4-16 Marking For Walkways And Honeycomb Panels ..................................................... 4-5 4-17 Markings For Drones .................................................................................................. 4-5 4-18 Markings for Search and Rescue Aircraft................................................................. 4-5 4-19 Aircraft Conspicuity and Arctic Markings ................................................................ 4-5 4-20 Establishing New Requirements for Insignia and Markings .................................. 4-6

V STANDARD MARKINGS, FINISHES, AND INSIGNIA FOR CAMOUFLAGED

USAF AIRCRAFT ........................................................................................................................... 5-1

5-1 Purpose of Camouf lage............................................................................................... 5-1 5-2 Camouf lage Authority ................................................................................................ 5-1 5-3 Aircraft Camouf lage Materials.................................................................................. 5-1 5-4 Camouf lage Patterns .................................................................................................. 5-1 5-5 Insignia and Markings................................................................................................ 5-2 5-6 Instructional Markings ............................................................................................... 5-3 5-7 Squadron and Organizational Markings ................................................................... 5-3 5-8 Armament Loads Placard ........................................................................................... 5-3 5-9 Distinctive Unit Aircraft Identification Markings ................................................... 5-3 5-10 Special Operating Force (SOF) Aircraft .................................................................... 5-3 5-11 Nato Markings Code Numbers................................................................................... 5-4

VI SERVICING, GROUND HANDLING, EMERGENCY AND HAZARD WARNING

MARKINGS, (NON-CAMOUFLAGED) AIRCRAFT .................................................................... 6-1

6-1 General......................................................................................................................... 6-1 6-2 Nato Marking Code Numbers .................................................................................... 6-1 6-3 Hydraulic Systems And Landing Gear/Struts .......................................................... 6-1 6-4 Aircraft Grounding Points.......................................................................................... 6-1 6-5 Storage Batteries......................................................................................................... 6-1 6-6 Ejection Seats .............................................................................................................. 6-2 6-7 Identification Of Ballistic Hose Or Tubing Assemblies ........................................... 6-2 6-8 Canopy Removers ........................................................................................................ 6-2 6-9 Marking For Electrical Connections .......................................................................... 6-2 6-10 Markings For Engine Removal .................................................................................. 6-2 6-11 Markings For Tanks And Tankfiller Areas .............................................................. 6-2 6-12 Marking For Engine Compartment Fire Access Panel ............................................ 6-2 6-13 Helicopter Tail Rotor Warning Sign .......................................................................... 6-2 6-14 Propeller Warning Stripes And Signs........................................................................ 6-2 6-15 Removable Escape Panels........................................................................................... 6-3 6-16 Markings For Forced Emergency Entry Or Exit ...................................................... 6-4 6-17 Special Markings For Normal/Emergency External Canopy Release Ac-cesses On Jet Aircraft..............................................................................................6-4 6-18 Armament Loads Placard ........................................................................................... 6-4 6-19 Instrument Static Opening Markings........................................................................ 6-5

VII IDENTIFICATION OF TUBES, HOSE AND PIPE LINES FOR AIRCRAFT .......................... 7-1 7-1 General......................................................................................................................... 7-1 7-2 General Classification of Lines .................................................................................. 7-1 7-3 General Marking of Lines........................................................................................... 7-1 7-4 Method used for Identification of Lines .................................................................... 7-1 7-5 Electrical Conduits ...................................................................................................... 7-2 ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

Section/Para Page

7-6 Flexible Cables ............................................................................................................ 7-2 7-7 Air Conditioning Ducts ............................................................................................... 7-2

A STANDARD AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT MARKINGS ....................................................................A-1 A-1 National Star Insignia ................................................................................................A-3 A-2 U.S. Air Force Marking...............................................................................................A-3

B USAF AIRCRAFT FINISH AND MARKING SPECIFICATIONS AND

ILLUSTRATIONS...........................................................................................................................B-1

C SPECIAL PURPOSE AIRCRAFT MARKINGS............................................................................C-1

D SPECIFICATIONS - CAMOUFLAGE PATTERNS AND MARKINGS FOR USAF

AIRCRAFT ......................................................................................................................................D-1

E SERVICING, GROUND HANDLING, EMERGENCY, HAZARD WARNING MARK-

INGS AND ARMAMENT PLACARD LOCATIONS FOR AIRCRAFT .......................................E-1

F IDENTIFICATION CODES AND MARKINGS FOR TUBING, HOSE AND PIPE

FOR AIRCRAFT..............................................................................................................................F-1 iii

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Title Page

A-1 National Star Insignia.............................................................................................................A-4 A-2 National Star Insignia on Swept Wings. ...............................................................................A-5 A-3 U.S. AIR FORCE, USAF and Aircraft Model Designation Serial Number, and

Fuel Requirement ................................................................................................................ A-6 A-4 Form of Letters and Numerals ...............................................................................................A-7 A-5 Typical Marking For Paint Facility/Finish Identification Block .........................................A-8 B-1 B-52 Aircraft Marking Specification......................................................................................B-5 B-2 C-5 Aircraft Marking Specification........................................................................................B-7 B-3 C-9 Aircraft Marking Specifications ......................................................................................B-9 B-4 C-12 Aircraft Marking Specifications ..................................................................................B-12 B-5 C-130 Aircraft Marking Specification..................................................................................B-15 B-6 C-135 Aircraft Marking Specification..................................................................................B-17 B-7 C-141 Aircraft Marking Specification..................................................................................B-19 B-8 F-4 Aircraft Marking Specification ......................................................................................B-21 B-9 F-106 Aircraft Marking Specification ..................................................................................B-23 B-10 H-1 Aircraft Marking Specification .....................................................................................B-25 B-11 H-3 Aircraft Marking Specification .....................................................................................B-27 B-12 H-3B Aircraft Marking Specification...................................................................................B-29 B-13 H-53 Aircraft Marking Specification ...................................................................................B-31 B-14 OV-10 Aircraft Marking Specification (FAC Configuration) .............................................B-33 B-15 T-1A Aircraft Marking Specification ...................................................................................B-35 B-16 T-33 Aircraft Marking Specification ....................................................................................B-37 B-17 T-37 Aircraft Marking Specification ....................................................................................B-39 B-18 T-38 Aircraft Marking Specification ....................................................................................B-41 B-19 T-39 Aircraft Marking Specification ....................................................................................B-43 B-20 T-39 All White Aircraft Marking Specification...................................................................B-45 B-21 T-43A Aircraft Marking Specification .................................................................................B-47 C-1 U. S. Flag Marking ..................................................................................................................C-3 C-2 RC-130 Aircraft Conspicuity Marking ...................................................................................C-4 C-3 C-140 Aircraft Conspicuity Marking......................................................................................C-5 C-4 T-39 Aircraft Conspicuity Marking ........................................................................................C-6 D-1 A-7 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern ..........................................................................................D-3 D-2 ANG A-7 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern ................................................................................D-5 D-3 B-52 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern.........................................................................................D-7 D-4 B-52 Aircraft SEA Camouf lage Pattern ................................................................................D-8 D-5 C-5 Aircraft European I Camouf lage Pattern.......................................................................D-9 D-6 C-130 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern.....................................................................................D-10 D-7 C-130 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern, European I................................................................D-11 D-8 C-130 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern For Asia Minor..........................................................D-12 D-9 AC-130 Exterior Finish and Markings, Special Project......................................................D-13 D-10 C-141A European I Camouf lage Pattern.............................................................................D-14 D-11 C-141B Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern, European I .............................................................D-15 D-12 F/RF-4 Aircraft Wraparound Camouf lage Exterior Paint Pattern ...................................D-16 D-13 F-5 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern.........................................................................................D-17 D-14 F-5 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern For Asia Minor ..............................................................D-18 D-15 F-111 A/D/E/F Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern ......................................................................D-19 D-16 FB-111A Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern................................................................................D-20 D-17 H-1F/D/N/H Aircraft Standard Camouf lage Pattern .........................................................D-21 D-18 UH-1F/D/N/H Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern .......................................................................D-22 D-19 UH-1F/D/N/H Aircraft European I Camouf lage Pattern ...................................................D-23 D-20 UH-1N Aircraft ‘‘Leopard’’ Camouf lage Pattern.................................................................D-24 iv

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - Continued

Figure Title Page

D-21 H-3 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern ........................................................................................D-25 D-22 CH-3 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern......................................................................................D-26 D-23 CH-3 Aircraft European I Camouf lage Pattern..................................................................D-27 D-24 H-53 Aircraft Standard Camouf lage Pattern......................................................................D-28 D-25 H-53 Aircraft European I Camouf lage Pattern ..................................................................D-29 D-26 HH-53B Helicopter Camouf lage Pattern.............................................................................D-30 D-27 OV-10 Aircraft Europe I Camouf lage Pattern ...................................................................D-31 D-28 A-37/OA-37 Aircraft Standard Camouf lage Pattern ..........................................................D-33 D-29 AT-38B Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern .................................................................................D-34 D-30 T-39 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern.......................................................................................D-37 D-31 F/TF-15 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern for Air Superior Blue ............................................D-38 D-32 F/TF-15 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern for High and Low Ref lectance Gray ...................D-39 D-33 A-10 Aircraft Camouf lage Patten ″European I″ ................................................................D-41 D-34 A-10 Aircraft Camouf lage Pattern for High and Low Ref lectance Gray ........................D-43 D-35 Typical Distinctive Unit Aircraft Identification Markings ................................................D-47 D-36 Typical Distinctive Unit Aircraft Identification, 24″ Letter Sizes ....................................D-48 D-37 Typical Distinctive Unit Aircraft Identification, 36″ Letter Sizes ....................................D-49 D-38 Typical Distinctive Aircraft Serial Number, 15″ Size.........................................................D-50 D-39 Distinctive Unit and Serial Number Sizes C-130 Aircraft.................................................D-51 D-40 Distinctive Unit and Serial Number Sizes UH-1F Aircraft ...............................................D-52 D-41 Distinctive Unit and Serial Number Sizes F/RF-4 Aircraft ...............................................D-53 D-42 Distinctive Unit and Serial Number Sizes F/TF-15 Aircraft .............................................D-54 D-43 Distinctive Unit and Serial Number Sizes F-16 Aircraft ...................................................D-55 D-44 Distinctive Unit and Serial Number Sizes A-10 Aircraft...................................................D-56 E-1 Typical Symbol Dimensioning.................................................................................................E-2 E-2 Aircraft Markings, Servicing and Precautioning .................................................................E-3 E-3 Decalcomania - Ground Here, International Symbol............................................................E-5 E-4 Markings For Fire Access Panel.............................................................................................E-5 E-5 Helicopter Tail Boom Markings..............................................................................................E-6 E-6 Emergency Instruction Markings ...........................................................................................E-6 E-7 Emergency Entry Markings....................................................................................................E-7 E-8 Armament Placard Marking ...................................................................................................E-8 E-9 Armament Placard Locations..................................................................................................E-9 E-10 Propeller Warning Stripes and Signs...................................................................................E-10 F-1 Examples of Identification Groups.........................................................................................F-5 F-2 Color-coded Functional Identification Tapes ( Sheet 1 of 2) ................................................F-6 F-3 Warning Symbols .....................................................................................................................F-7 F-4 Optional Arrangement for Identification...............................................................................F-8 F-5 Examples of Electrical Identification.....................................................................................F-9 F-6 Tag Identification ....................................................................................................................F-9

LIST OF TABLES

Number Title Page

D-1 Distinctive Unit Markings, Sizes, and Locations, Camouf lage Aircraft...........................D-45 F-1 Functions and Associated Symbols ........................................................................................F-4 v/(vi blank)

SECTION I

GENERAL

1-1. PURPOSE. The purpose of this technical patterns used are generally determined by the geo-order is to standardize the painting and marking graphical region of the world in which aircraft are configuration of exterior surfaces of all Air Force to operate and/or the operational role of the air-aircraft. In the event of conf lict between a spe- craft. This term does not include any of the mark-cific system/equipment Technical Order (TO) and ings or insignia usually applied over the final top a general TO, the system/equipment TO will take coating or f inish. (See Section V.)

precedence. Conf licting instructions between any c. Special Purpose Exterior Finish. Refers totwo TOs that compromise personnel safety or pro- final coatings and approved paints or lacquerscedural guidance will be resolved by local com- applied to specific portions of aircraft exteriors tomanders and reported for formal resolution by provide for special needs. (See Section II.)responsible authority. Also prescribed are the lim-ited internal markings that are common among d. USAF Standard Markings. These mark-the Air Force aircraft (see applicable weapons sys- ings that are mandatory for display on all USAF tem’s handbook for peculiar markings). Only the aircraft. (see paragraph 1-11, Section III, and Sec-types and colors of paints, coatings, f inishes, insig- tion VI.)

nia and markings specified herein will be used on

e. Special Purpose Markings. Exterior mark-USAF aircraft. (See AFR 66-34/AFI 21-105 and ings for aircraft other than the USAF standardparagraph 1-6 this TO on procedures to propose markings, that are required for application, orchanges to either the standard paint schemes or may be authorized under certain circumstances, asmarkings.)

stated in this technical order. Special purpose markings are varied in type and usage. TheyNOTE include various insignia, emblems, and symbols,For operational purposes of this docu- whose need may vary with the differences inment. System Program Director (SPD) weapon system configuration and other pertinentin this TO includes all players of the circumstances. (See Section IV.)Intergrated Weapon System Manage-ment concept of ‘‘cradle to grave’’ system f. Aircraft Unit Identification Markings.

maintenance. Alphabetic letter, numerical digits, or combina-tions of both, that may be displayed on both sidesProgram Group Manager (PGM) of vertical f ins of designated combat and combatMaterial Group Manager (MGM) support aircraft primarily to allow ready air-to-airSystem Program Officer (SPO) recognition. The use of these markings is rigidlySystem Program Manager (SPM) controlled and their indiscriminate or arbitrarySystem Support Manager (SSM) use is prohibited. (See Section III and IV.)Program Director (PD) System Manager (SM) g. Tubing, Hose and Pipe Markings. Those Item Manager (IM). colors, symbols and legends installed on aircraft tubing, hoses, pipe and rigid electrical conduit to 1-2. DEFINITIONS. The following are defini- identify the function, content, hazard or direction tions of terms used when dealing with the painting of f low. (See Section VII and Appendix F.)

and marking of USAF aircraft.

1-3. APPLICABILITY. This technical order isa. Air Force Standard Exterior Finish. This applicable to all USAF Air National Guard and Airterm applies to the type and color of the final top Force Reserve Aircraft. (See paragraph 4-8.)coating authorized and required by this technical order for application to the exterior surfaces of noncamouf laged USAF aircraft. This term does 1-4. RESPONSIBILITIES.

not include any of the markings or insignia usu- a. Scope. WR-ALC/LKJTC is responsible forally applied over the final top coating or f inish. the contents of this technical order, its currency(See Section II.) and its application within the scope of pertinent

b. Air Force Standard Camouf lage Finish. Air Force Regulations, Specifications and Stan- Refers to the vari-colored and/or irregular shaped dards. Unless specified elsewhere herein, all mat-exterior pattern approved for the camouf lage ters relating to the painting and marking of air-painting of designated aircraft. The colors and craft will be directed to WR-ALC/LKJTC.

1-1

b. Compliance. AFMC System Program is responsible to forward the appropri- Directors (SPDs) shall be responsible for assuring ate drawings and photographs to WR-compliance to the requirements of AFR 66-34 or ALC/LKJTC and the responsible air- AFI 21-105. General Air Force policies promul- craft SPD.

gated by HQ USAF/LGM under authority of AFR a. 89th Airlift Wing, 201 AS, and the 1st66-34 or AFI 21-105 with respect to the manage- Helicopter Squadron. Deviations from the stan-ment and control of painting, paint schemes, and dard exterior paint and marking configurationsmarkings which are included in this technical specified herein, are authorized for aircraftorder. assigned to the 89th Airlift Wing (Special Mission-

c. Maintenance and Application. Major com- AMC, 201 AS), and the 1st Helicopter Sqd. Paint-mands and using organizations are responsible for ing and marking of these aircraft will be as speci-maintenance of coatings, f inishes, insignia, and fied and approved by Headquarters USAF/LGMY.

markings required by this technical order for all b. Energy Research and Development Agencyassigned aircraft, and for complete overcoating or (ERDA). AFMC and AMC aircraft assigned instrip and repaint of assigned aircraft listed in direct support of the ERDA in nuclear researchTable 1-3 of T.O. 00-25-4. When work required to will be painted as required for the safe accomplish-comply with this technical order is beyond the ment of that mission. AFMC, AMC, and (WR-capability of the using organization, and upon cer- ALC/LKJTC) will coordinate on the type of painttif ication of the major command in accordance and paint scheme required. This provision iswith T.O. 00-25-107, AFMC may assume responsi- applicable only to those aircraft that activelybility for such requirement if depot resources are engage in required ERDA tests and not to admin-available. AFMC shall, in accordance with the cri- istrative support aircraft.teria of this technical order, be responsible for complete overcoating or strip and repaint of air- c. U.S. Air Force Aerial Demonstration craft listed in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 of T.O. 00-25-4. Squadron ‘‘The Thunderbirds.’’ Special paint scheme and markings are authorized for aircraft1-5. MAJOR COMMAND REGULATIONS. assigned to the Air Force Aerobatics Team andMajor commands shall prepare regulations per- will be approved by Headquarters USAF/LGMY.taining to the painting and marking of their respective aircraft except as follows: d. 76th Airlift Squadron. Aircraft assigned to the 76th Airlift Squadron are authorized aircrafta. Limitations. These regulations will supple- radio call numbers on each side of the vertical sta-ment this technical order and will be limited to bilizers, American Flag and United States ofdistinguishing insignia, markings, and finishes America markings, with no other external USAFpeculiar to their assigned aircraft and as author- markings identified/authorized (i.e., USAF, starsized by this technical order. or bars on wings or fuselage, identity of aircraft or

b. Coordination. Each major command shall fuel under pilot’s window, organizational mark-coordinate its proposed painting and marking reg- ings). Deviations from standard exterior paint and ulation with WR-ALC/LKJTC prior to publication, marking configurations specified herein, are distribution or implementation. These regulations authorized for aircraft assigned to the 76th Airlift will be carefully reviewed by AFMC to insure that Squadron. Painting and marking of these aircraft they contain no deviations from the instructions will be as specified and approved by HQ USAFE/ and intent of this technical order. CC. Information copies of all approved deviations from standard paint and marking configurations NOTE specified herein, will be forwarded to HQ USAF/

ILMM.Each major command shall forward published copies of approved painting e. USAFE - C-9A Aircraft. C-9A aircraft and marking regulations to WR-ALC/ assigned to USAFE, are authorized aircraft radio LKJTC, and the applicable prime air- call numbers on each side of vertical stabilizer, craft SPD listed in TO 00-25-115. Red Cross on vertical stabilizer, American f lag and United States of America markings.1-6. AUTHORIZED DEVIATIONS. Special missions and/or aircraft assignments require 1-7. AIRCRAFT RECEIVED FROM OTHERdeviation from the standard exterior paint and SERVICES. When types and models of aircraftmarking configuration. In all cases, WR-ALC will not previously in the USAF inventory, aremaintain copies of drawings and color photographs acquired from other military departments, the(when available) of paint and marking schemes of respective System Program Director (SPD) shallspecial mission aircraft.

request from WR-ALC/LKJTC, drawings for the

NOTE

In the event of required painting or marking changes, the using command

1-2 Change 7

NOTEUSAF Standard Markings for the new vehicles.

The SPD will ensure the proper exterior painting For the purpose of this technical and marking configuration of these aircraft is in order, decals are defined as a spe-accordance with the approved drawings. cially prepared film containing design, words or numerals of poly-a. The SPD is responsible for the preparation ester f ilm, MIL-P-38477, which mayof proposed Special Purpose Markings for servic-be transferred and permanentlying, personnel instructions, caution, safety, etc. as attached to aircraft or other Air Forcespecified in Section IV, this technical order. The equipment.SPD will forward to WR-ALC/LKJTC for approval, two sets of exterior drawings illustrating the loca- a. Requisitioning Procedure for Decals. Decal tion of the utility markings on these aircraft by markings required for Air Force equipment are structural member station number and water line listed in technical manuals under Illustrated Parts (W/L) reference points specifying dimensions and Breakdowns, and will be requisitioned on Air colors to be used. Force Form 764A in accordance with AFR 6-1/AFI

37-162 from the appropriate ALC or Air Force1-8. REQUEST FOR WAIVERS. Requests for Depot indicated in TO 00-25-115.waivers to provisions of this technical order will be limited to those proposed changes based on func- b. Standard Decals. Decals for the following tional, operational or special requirements and will will be manufactured, stored and issued by contain full written justification, and, where appli- SMALC, PDO:

cable, definitive drawings. Requests for waivers (1) National Star Insignia. (See Appendixbased solely upon appearance will not be A)approved.

(2) USAF Marking. (See Appendix A)

NOTE

(3) U.S. AIR FORCE Marking. (SeeRequests for approval of waivers to Appendix A)provisions of this technical order shall be carefully reviewed at each respec- (4) Aircraft Serial Numbers. (See tive command level and if approved, Appendix A) will be forwarded to WR-ALC/LKJTC, (5) Radio Call Numbers. (See Appendix B)with information copy to the SPD.

Where necessary LKJTC will coordi- (6) American Flag Markings. (See nate with the SPD. Appendix C)

(7) ARMAMENT placards. (See1-9. SERVICE TESTS. Requests for authority Appendix E)to test paint type materials on in-service aircraft and/or external components will be forwarded to (8) Standardized Grounding Marking. (See WR-ALC/LKJTC for approval. Approved service Appendix E) test programs will be implemented by a coordi-

c. Non-standard Decals. Decals for non-nated effort, monitored by the appropriate engi-standard Air Force markings such as command orneering function, the requesting activity and the squadron insignia may be locally purchased inpertinent SPD.

accordance with AFR 6-1/AFI 37-162.

1-10. REPORTING PAINTING AND MARKING

1-12. APPLICABLE REFERENCES. Addi-DEFICIENCIES. Inadequacies of instructions or tional instructions and directives applicable ordeficiencies of specified materials contained in this allied to the application and maintenance of f in-technical order, or other recommended changes, ishes and markings of aircraft are contained in thewill be reported to WR-ALC/TILTA on AFTO Form following:22, Technical Order System Publication/Improve-ment Report, in accordance with TO 00-5-1. a. TO 00-25-107, AFLC Maintenance Techni-cal Assistance to Air Force Field Activities.

1-11. DECALCOMANIA (DECALS). Decals

b. TO 00-25-115, AFLC Maintenance Engi-may be used in lieu of paint for all external and neering Prime ALC and AF Depot.internal markings and insignia required by this manual where the contact surfaces are of suffi- c. TO 00-110A-1, Decontamination (TMs220).cient smoothness to permit good adhesion. See TO 1-1-8 for instructions for installation and removal d. TO 00-110N-3, Radioactive Decals, of decals. Removal from aircraft parts and equipment.

1-3

e. TO 1-1-691, Aircraft Weapons Systems n. AFR 400-44/AFI 21-105, Corrosion Preven- Cleaning and Corrosion Control. tion and Control Program.

f. TO 1-1-8, Application of Organic Coatings o. Military Standard MIL-STD-1247, Identifi- (Paint and Allied Materials). cation of Pipe, Hose and Tube Lines for Aircraft, Missile and Space Systems.g. TO 42A-1-1, Safety, Fire Protection and Health Promotion Aspects of Painting, Doping, and p. Military Standard MS33739 (ASG) Aircraft Paint Removal. Servicing and Precautionary Markings.

h. AFI 21-105, Aerospace Equipment Struc- q. Military Specification MIL-F-7179, Fin-tural Maintenance. ishes and Coatings, General Specification for Pro-tection of Aerospace Weapons Systems, Structuresi. AFI 37-162, Printing, Duplicating and Cop- and Parts.ying Management.

r. Air Standardization Coordinating Commit-j. AFR 900-3, Use and Display of Airforce tee Air Standard II/ID for Servicing and GroundFlags, Guidons, Streamers, and Automobile and Handling Codes.Aircraft Plates.

s. CENTO STANAG #3230 - Emergencyk. AFR 6-1/AFI 37-162, Decalcomanias and Marking on Aircraft.Other Markings.

t. NATO STANAG #3109 - Servicing andl. AFR 66-34/AFI 21-105, Painting and Mark- Ground Handling Codes.ing Aircraft, Missile, and Drone

u. NATO STANAG #3230 - Emergency Mark-m. AFR 82-1, Designating, Redesignating and ing on Aircraft.Naming of Military Aircraft, Rockets, and Guided

Missiles.

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SECTION II

STANDARD EXTERIOR FINISHES FOR

USAF AIRCRAFT

2-1. METAL EXTERIOR FINISHES. Metal preserve coating integrity. The following criteria exterior surtaces of all (see policy guidelines in will apply in programming aircraft for painting.

paragraph 2-2 below) Air Force aircraft other than a. Aircraft determined to have a sound paintthose made of titanium and corrosion resistant system already applied will not be repainted solelysteels, require surface protection from the effects of to incorporate color, improve appearance or mate-corrosion and therefore will be painted in accor- rial changes to the standard paint system and colordance with the provisions of this technical order. scheme as listed herein. When it is necessary to

a. Titanium or Steel. Since titanium or corro- perform maintenance on such aircraft with former sion-resistant steels, when used, make up only a standard or non-standard paint (unless deterio-part of the total aircraft exterior surface, they will rated to the extent that complete replacement is also be painted with the same finishes as the adja- required), use like or same type material as origi-cent metals, providing temperatures permit. nally applied for maintenance painting purposes.

For new aircraft entering the inventory or for air- NOTE craft requiring repainting the cognizant engineer-ing authority within AFMC in conjunction with theDo not paint any equipment where the major operating commands will evaluate all avail-application of paint will deter its oper-able technical, engineering and historical evidenceational capabilities (antenna, radomes, to determine the appropriate corrosion protectionetc.)

and prevention system (type coating, color schemes,

b. Treatment of Metal Exteriors. The treat- service life criteria, etc) for each weapon system. A ment of metal exteriors for corrosion control are coordinated paint/ repaint plan will be developed specified in TO 1-1-691. The proper preparation of and kept current for each weapon system. This plan surfaces for painting, priming and application of may be based on a weighted Paint Program inspec-finish coatings are specified in TO 1-1-8. In addi- tion and evaluation procedure, calender time/sever-tion to protective finishes, regular scheduled sur- ity zone criteria, or other approved technique. All face washing and cleaning in accordance with TO 1- aircraft under Tables 1-1 and 1-2 of T.O. 00-25-4 1-691 will minimize the probability of corrosion. will be inspected prior to (if possible) and/or during Some surfaces will require additional surface pro- PDM for condition of the paint. The purpose of the tection and will be specified further in this section. inspection will be to determine if the aircraft should be repainted or touched-up.2-2. POLICY GUIDANCE. It is a general policy (AFR 66-34/AFI 21-105) that all Air Force aircraft (1) In determining requirements for sec-will be painted as a prime means of corrosion pro- tional overcoating, total overcoating, or strip and tection and prevention. Inherent in this policy is repaint, the following general technical criteria the responsibility to preserve a professional paint should be considered in the development of the appearance as an integral part of a well-managed approved weapon system paint plan.

corrosion control program (AFR 400-44/AFI 21-105).

(a) Sectional or total overcoat if paint isThe requirement to paint, however, must be tem-oxidized, discolored, stained, chipped, scratched orpered with good judgement and in consideration of peeled from primer and the primer is adheringfunds availability. It is not intended that crash soundly to the aircraft. If this condition is exten-programs be established for the prompt painting of sive, complete overcoating of the aircraft or sectionaircraft. Aircraft will be painted in accordance with is preferred over spot maintenance painting.a service life plan unless there is an over-riding operational requirement as determined by HQ (b) Strip/repaint if the following defects USAF/XOO. Aircraft should be scheduled for paint- or combination of them exist: areas which have been ing with due regard for other scheduled mainte- overcoated (primer plus topcoat) at least three nance and funding. Aircraft are not to be painted times, primer is not adhering to base metal, or the unless they are programmed for retention in the paint system is peeled to base metal.

active inventory for at least two years after paint-ing. Aircraft will receive maintenance painting to

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(2) When applying the above criteria to overspray the existing paint system in determine painting requirements and a combina- accordance with T.O. 1-1-8.

tion of defects for overcoating and strip and repaint b. Maintenance Painting. Maintenance paint-exists, the following general economic guidelines ing procedures will not be used if there is anyshould be considered in the development of the indication of a major failure of the aircraft paintapproved weapon system paint plan. system. Operational environment and life expec-

(a) When determining sectional or total tancy of the paint system will be considered in aircraft overcoating and a combination of defects making this determination. If major failure of the exist, overcoating may be accomplished if time or paint system is evident, complete repaint should be manhour requirements for surface preparation scheduled promptly.

(mask, sand, and clean) do not exceed 70% of the

NOTEtime or manhours required for complete strip/ repaint. Table I and II (T.O. 00-25-4) aircraft painting should be programmed for(b) Sectional stripping may be required, accomplishment during a scheduledas determined by deteriorated areas, on an aircraft entry into a depot level facility fordesignated to be completely overcoated. Complete PDM, other modification/maintenanceovercoating with prior sectional stripping may be requirements, or whenever corrosion isaccomplished if the combined time or manhours for evident, whichever occurs first. Thesectional stripping and surface preparation for over-evidence of corrosion in any case shallcoat do not exceed 70% of the time required for mean the point at which corrosioncomplete strip/repaint.

would cease to be controlled in accor-

(c) Complete strip/repaint should be dance with criteria of techical orders 1-accomplished in lieu overcoating whenever time or 1-691, and/or the system peculiar (-23, manhour requirements for masking, sanding, and etc.) technical orders. Table III (T.O.

cleaning for total or sectional overcoating exceed 00-25-4) aircraft will be painted by 70% of those to accomplish strip/re-paint. using organizations in accordance with technical orders 1-1-8, and 42A-1-1.(3) In the absence of an approved tailored weapon system paint plan the above criteria will (1) Sectionalized painting of aircraft. To apply to all aircraft. minimize the contrast between new coatings and aged or bleached topcoat f inishes, individual air- NOTE craft may have sectionalized painting for mainte-nance purposes. The sections are defined as majorFor purposes of planning facility require-sections of the aircraft such as wings, nacelles,ments, the expected paint system average stabilizers, rudders, empennage or other portions aslife before the need for strip/repaint is:

from one major assembly joint to another. This may

High gloss - 8 years also be applied to single panels of metal between Flat (unsheltered) - 6 years skin joints, doors, control surfaces and access panels Flat (sheltered) - 8 years as applicable. The criteria for aircraft in paragraph

2-2a. will be used to determine requirements for. This assumes good maintenance of sectionalized painting. Sectionalized painting will coating system and complete overcoat be accomplished in lieu of spot maintenance paint-at approximately the mid-life point. ing when the criteria of paragraph 2-2a. is met. The paint material used must be of the same type as the. For the purpose of mission change or adjacent serviceable areas. Smaller portions ofother reassignment of aircraft with deteriorated paint (less than that which qualifiessound coating systems for which the for sectionalized painting), must be touched up withexisting coating or markings are inap-the conventional spot or strip pattern.propriate, the major command shall

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NOTE b. The polyurethane paint will not be specified or used to touch up other types of paint such as. Under no circumstances will total sec-acrylic nitrocellulose specification MIL-L-19537,tion/panel areas, which meet the fore- MIL-L-19538, etc.going sectionalizing criteria, be consid-ered as cumulative requirements for c. Conversion will be limited to aircraft that total aircraft repaint. Total repaint actually needs painting or complete repainting due criteria will apply based upon the total to deterioration of existing paint f inish. Painting aircraft assessment before the section- for the sole purpose of converting to the poly-alized concept is applied. urethane coating is not approved. (See paragraph

2-2.). In order to realize the maximum bene-fits of corrosion protection afforded by 2-4. EXTERIOR FINISH IDENTIFICATION painting, it is necessary to achieve CODES.