Attachment 10_APR8715.1 Chapter 33 Personal Protective Equipment.pdf

Attachment 10

APR 8715.1

This document is uncontrolled when downloaded or printed.

Verify current version before use at:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

P.1 Purpose

P.2 Applicability

P.3 Authority

P.4 Applicable Documents and Forms

P.5 Measurement/Verification

P.6 Cancellation

CHAPTER 33 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

33.1 Responsibilities

33.2 PPE Hazard Assessment Process

33.3 Selection and Use of Personal Protective Equipment

33.4 Operation-Specific PPE

33.5 Disposal of Contaminated PPE

33.6 Training

33.7 Records

APPENDIX A. DEFINITIONS

APPENDIX B. ACRONYMS

APPENDIX C. REFERENCES

APPENDIX D. SOURCES OF PPE

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PREFACE

P.1 PURPOSE

This chapter provides guidance on selection of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to prevent injury and illness from hazards not fully controlled by elimination, substitution, engineering, barriers or procedural controls.

P.2 APPLICABILITY

This directive is applicable to ARC and associated facilities, e.g., contractor’s facilities, etc.

This directive applies to contractors, grant recipients, or parties to agreements only to the extent specified or referenced in the appropriate contracts, grants, or agreements.

In this directive, all mandatory actions (i.e., requirements) are denoted by statements containing the term "shall." The terms "may" or "can" denote discretionary privilege or permission, "should" denotes a good practice and is recommended, but not required, "will" denotes an expected outcome, and "are/is" denotes descriptive material.

In this directive, all document citations are assumed to be the latest version unless otherwise noted.

P.3 AUTHORITY

NPR 8715.1, NASA Safety and Health Programs

P.4 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS AND FORMS

29 CFR 1910.132, Personal Protective Equipment

NPR 1800.1, NASA Occupational Health Program Procedures

APR 8500.1, Environmental Procedural Requirements

APR 8715.1 Chapter 27, Construction Safety Management

APR 8715.1, Chapter 28, Respiratory Protection

APR 8715.1 Chapter 29, Hearing Conservation Program

ARC 861, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Hazard Assessment Survey

ARC 903, Contractor Evaluation Checklist for PPE Hazard Assessment and PPE Selection ASTM F2412-18, Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection1

ASTM D120-14a, Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Gloves2

ASTM D178-19, Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Matting3

1 https://www.astm.org/Standards/F2412.htm 2 https://www.astm.org/Standards/D120.htm 3 https://www.astm.org/Standards/D178.htm

CHAPTER 33 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

33.1 Responsibilities

33.1.1 The Occupational Safety, Health & Medical Service Division (Code QH) shall:

a. Maintain oversight of PPE hazard assessment for personal protective equipment (PPE) selection and training programs.

b. Be a resource to employees and supervisors for review of hazards, PPE hazard assessments, and the selection of appropriate PPE.

c. Provide up-to-date and appropriate PPE training to employees and supervisors. This training will be reviewed at least annually and updated as necessary.

d. Maintain records for general PPE training provided.

e. Review this Chapter as necessary to ensure that material is correct, up-to-date, and appropriate for the NASA Ames workforce.

33.1.2 The Ames Health Unit shall:

a. Provide medical consultation and evaluation to government employees for PPE or other occupational health services.

b. Provide prescription safety or computer glasses to qualified government employees.

33.1.3 Supervisors shall:

a. Complete a “Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Hazard Assessment Survey” of the workplace (using Form ARC 861) to identify and control physical and other health hazards that necessitate the use of

PPE.

b. Ensure all employees in the workplace understand the hazards and the PPE hazard assessments.

c. Maintain a written certification of the workplace PPE hazard assessment(s) (See section 33.2).

d. For each workplace with hazards that necessitate PPE that cannot be fully corrected with engineering or procedural controls:

(1) Select and provide the types of PPE that will protect affected employees from the hazards identified in the PPE hazard assessment.

(2) Communicate selection decisions to each affected employee.

(3) Ensure that each selected PPE properly fits each affected employee and is used appropriately.

e. Ensure that each affected employee is assigned, attends, and understands the PPE training course provided by the Occupational Safety, Health and Medical Services Division.

f. Ensure that each affected employee is prepared and able to use PPE properly before performing work with PPE.

g. Ensure that employees are retrained whenever:

(1) Changes in the workplace warrant additional training.

(2) Changes in the types of PPE warrant additional training.

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(3) Inadequacies in an affected employee's knowledge or use of assigned PPE indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill.

h. Ensure employees are provided with all required PPE at no cost to the employees.

i. Maintain records of task-specific PPE training requirements: training dates, subjects, employee, and trainer names when provided.

j. Perform safety walkthrough surveys of areas of responsibility as needed to ensure all hazards are identified and PPE hazard assessments are completed.

k. Provide appropriate basic PPE such as eye protection, hearing protection and hard hats for visitors to hazardous locations such as construction sites, machine shops, and chemical laboratories.

Note: Some PPE requires specific training (e.g., respiratory protection, laser safety eye wear) and must not be issued without verifying completion of the required training.

l. Refer personnel needing PPE that requires specific training (see note above) to Occupational Safety, Health and Medical Services representatives whenever a question regarding the proper selection, training, or use of PPE arises that cannot easily be determined with the resources available to the supervisor or manager.

33.1.4 Contracting Officer’s Representatives (CORs) shall:

Monitor and evaluate the contractor compliance with this chapter and with 29 CFR 1910.132 (see ARC 903). Contractor policies and procedures described in the corporate Injury and Illness Prevention Program should be, at a minimum, equivalent to the provisions of this chapter.

33.1.5 Employees shall:

a. Before performing work that necessitates PPE:

(1) Receive any applicable medical clearance.

(2) Attend and pass PPE training applicable to their work.

(3) Demonstrate understanding of PPE requirements and the ability to use, store, and properly decontaminate PPE.

(4) Obtain the proper PPE in the proper size and fit for the work. See appendix D for PPE sources.

b. Always wear designated, appropriate PPE for hazardous work.

c. Not use personally owned PPE at ARC without the supervisor's approval. Personally owned safety shoes, prescription safety glasses, etc. must meet applicable Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards. The employer is required by law to provide required PPE to employees at no cost to the employees.

d. Never use defective or damaged PPE.

e. Properly clean, maintain, and store PPE.

f. Bag and label PPE contaminated with hazardous materials destined for disposal as hazardous waste.

g. Stop working in the hazardous area and notify the area manager or supervisor if there is any problem with issued PPE or concerns with the quality, appropriateness, effectiveness, or use of issued

PPE.

33.2 PPE Hazard Assessment Process

33.2.1 The supervisor shall conduct a PPE Hazard Assessment Survey of the workplace before PPE is issued to employees.

33.2.2 Methodology

33.2.2.1 OSHA and NASA require written workplace PPE hazard assessments to identify potential hazards for which PPE is needed and for which engineering design or administrative controls cannot feasibly be used to eliminate the hazard. PPE is not the first line of protection against workplace hazards.

The priority of controls is:

a. Eliminate the hazard

b. Control the hazard with engineering

c. Use administrative controls

d. Use PPE.

33.2.3 Evaluation

33.2.3.1 Supervisors shall conduct a walkthrough safety survey of their area of responsibility to ensure all hazards are identified and all necessary hazards assessments are complete and accurate.

33.2.3.2 This survey begins with defining the workplace, reviewing the facility layout and observing/evaluating the tasks.

33.2.3.3 Then supervisors identify where personnel are located, assess all of the potential hazards, determine affected body areas, and estimate probability and severity of these hazards. Some examples of hazards found in the workplace are listed in Table A below.

Table A

General Hazard Categories Examples of Specific Hazards

Biological hazards Body fluids (bloodborne pathogens), animal bites, insect bites, toxins, allergens, pathogenic microbes, bird excrement, rodents

Chemical hazards Flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity, toxicity, irritation, harmful dust, gases and vapors

Electrical hazards Electric shock, electrical burns, electric arc blast, static electricity

Environmental hazards Noise, bright light, darkness, cold or hot weather, high humidity, wet weather, high winds

Person-equipment hazards Moving machinery or vehicles, sources of motion/moving parts, hazards from wearing incorrect or poor-fitting PPE, reduced mobility, impaired vision, poor communication

Person-position hazards Falls from heights, engulfment (water, dirt, sand, etc.), low worker visibility, bumps into stationary objects/structures

Physical hazards Flying debris, projectiles, falling objects, rough or abrasive surfaces, excessive vibration, high pressure (explosive potential)

Radiation hazards Ionizing radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray) or Non-ionizing radiation (radar, microwave, radio frequency, laser, ultraviolet (UV) light, infrared (IR) light, arc welding)

Thermal hazards Flame, high heat, sparks, hot surfaces, hot liquids or gases, molten metal

33.2.4 Documentation

33.2.4.1 The assessment of all potential workplace hazards and selection of appropriate PPE for the employees who perform the hazardous tasks shall be documented in the form of the PPE Hazard Assessments or other comparable documents such as Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), Laboratory Safety Plans, or a Job Hazard Analysis.

33.2.4.2 Whenever conditions, materials, or processes change, supervisors are responsible to ensure any new hazards or changes in hazards are assessed, documented, and communicated to personnel exposed to these hazards. The Occupational Safety, Health and Medical Services Division will help review the PPE hazard assessment if needed.

33.2.4.3 The PPE Hazard Assessment (or comparable document) serves as a written certification that the specific hazards have been evaluated and the proper PPE has been selected.

33.2.4.4 This document shall also identify the specific workplace and task, the person(s) performing the evaluation, the supervisor's signature, and the date of the evaluation. Forms to assist in the PPE Hazard Assessment are found ARC 861 or the Job Hazard Analyses Form which is available on line (see References).

Note: The Occupational Safety, Health & Medical Services Division can furnish templates of a Lab Safety Plan or advise the supervisor on the method for PPE hazard assessments. ARC 861 can serve as a specific record of which PPE is selected for the hazardous tasks.

33.2.4.5 PPE hazard assessments in the workplace shall also include a review of injury and accident reports (including near misses) and employee reports of unsafe or unhealthy working conditions.

33.3 Selection and Use of Personal Protective Equipment

33.3.1 Employers shall provide their employees with appropriate PPE for eyes, ears, respiratory system, face, head, torso, and extremities.

33.3.2 PPE shall be maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition.

33.3.3 PPE shall be used whenever hazards may cause injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation, or physical contact.

33.3.4 Supervisors shall ensure that each item of PPE is appropriately selected for each employee, with consideration of regulatory requirements, and manufacturer's technical data and use recommendations.

Forms ARC 861 and ARC 903 provide for documentation of this process. General guidelines for selecting PPE are listed below.

33.3.4.1 PPE items shall meet (at a minimum) all applicable standards such as ANSI and NIOSH.

33.3.4.2 Poor fit or incorrect sizes may reduce PPE effectiveness.

33.3.4.3 Consider PPE expected service life versus actual use life.

33.3.4.4 Wherever visitors may be exposed to workplace hazards, they shall be provided with appropriate PPE.

33.3.4.5 The Occupational Safety, Health and Medical Services Division is a resource to be used whenever there are questions regarding proper PPE selection or use.

33.3.5 This chapter covers general PPE selection and use. In certain cases specific PPE is covered in a different Chapter (e.g., Chapter 28 for respiratory protection, Chapter 8 for laser eye wear, etc.). To prevent redundancy or differing instruction due to different revisions, the selection and use of these specific types of PPE will only be covered in their associated Chapters.

33.3.6 Eye and Face Protection

33.3.6.1 Each employee shall use appropriate eye or face protection and a face shield, if necessary, when exposed to eye or face hazards from flying particles, sparks, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, radiant heat, electrical hazard, or potentially injurious light radiation.

33.3.6.2 When selecting eye and face protection, supervisors shall consult the manufacturer's description or technical data in order to ensure that the selected items provide identified splash, impact, heat, electrical, and/or special light protection.

33.3.6.3 Eye and face protective devices shall meet, at a minimum, ANSI Z87.1.

33.3.6.4 Face shields are only supplementary protective devices worn to shield the face from certain hazards. They shall always be worn with safety glasses or goggles. Splash goggles and face shield are essential when there is a possibility of liquid splash; this is especially important for work with highly corrosive liquids or cryogenics.

33.3.6.5 Safety glasses with side shields and full-face shields with throat protection shall be worn when working in areas with flying objects or with explosive or highly hazardous materials.

33.3.6.6 ANSI-approved safety glasses shall be provided for visitors in any area that is posted with a sign requiring eye protection because of machine tools, optical radiation, etc.

33.3.6.7 OSHA stipulates the following general requirements and provisions for safety glasses and goggles:

a. Side Protection: Safety glasses shall include side protection when there is a hazard from flying objects. Detachable side protectors (e.g., clip-on or slide-on side shields) that meet the pertinent OSHA requirements are acceptable.

b. Prescription Lenses: Each affected employee who wears prescription lenses while engaged in operations that involve eye hazards shall wear eye protection that incorporates the prescription in its design. Alternatively, the employee can use eye protection that can be worn over the prescription lenses without disturbing the proper position of the prescription lenses or the protective lenses. Contact lenses may be worn with appropriate eye protection except where specifically prohibited.

c. Manufacturer Identification: Eye and face PPE shall be distinctly marked to facilitate identification of the manufacturer, and such markings shall not be removed or defaced.

d. Filter Lenses: Filter lenses for protection against radiant energy during welding, cutting, brazing and soldering shall be selected in accordance with OSHA criteria provided on ARC 903.

e. For laser eye protection, see information in Section 33.4.5.

33.3.7 Head Protection

33.3.7.1 A protective helmet (hard hat) is required for work in areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling or flying objects or bumps against fixed objects.

33.3.7.2 A protective helmet designed to reduce electrical shock hazard is required for work near exposed electrical conductors that could contact the head.

33.3.7.3 Protective helmets shall resist penetration by objects, absorb shock of a blow, be water resistant and slow burning, and have an easily adjustable headband and suspension.

33.3.7.4 A chin-strap is required when working at elevated heights.

33.3.7.5 Protective helmets must comply with ANSI Z89.1.

33.3.7.6 Hard hats shall be inspected regularly and replaced when signs of wear, damage, or deterioration appear in the shell or the suspension. Hard hats do not have an indefinite useful life, nor are they resistant to all physical and chemical exposures. Most manufacturers recommend replacing hard hats that are used regularly every five years regardless of outward appearance. If work conditions include temperature extremes, sunlight or chemical, the hard hat should be replaced sooner. A replacement is required whenever there is a strike from an object or the hard hat has fallen from a significant distance.

33.3.7.7 Bump caps are permissible where there is no hazard of falling or flying objects or low-voltage electrical contact to the head.

Table B – Hard Hat Classifications

Class E (electrical) are tested to withstand 20,000 volts General service; limited voltage protection

Class G (general) helmets are tested at 2200 volts Utility service, high voltage protection

Class C (conductive) provide no electrical protection General service; no voltage protection

33.3.8 Foot Protection

33.3.8.1 Protective footwear is required for work in areas where there is a danger of foot injuries due to falling and rolling objects, electrical hazards, hot or slippery surfaces, molten metal, or objects piercing the sole. Foot protection shall be considered for occupations such as metal work, shipping, receiving and warehouse operations, construction, and facility maintenance.

33.3.8.2 Safety shoes or boots shall comply with ASTM F2412-18a. This standard provides both impact and compression protection.

33.3.8.3 Where necessary, footwear that provides metatarsal protection, puncture protection, chemical resistance, electrical insulation, or electrical conduction shall be selected. Additionally, leggings, external toe or metatarsal guards (worn over the shoe), and shin guards can also be used for protection against foot and lower leg injuries.

33.3.8.4 Employees shall be trained to identify when safety shoes need to be replaced, for example:

a. Torn or cracked uppers.

b. Separation between soles and uppers.

c. Holes or cracks in heel or soles.

d. Metal embedded in heels or soles in electrical safety shoes.

33.3.8.5 Damaged or worn safety shoes shall be replaced to ensure protection against foot injuries.

Ames replacement policy allows one pair of shoes or boots per year, if needed.

33.3.9 Hand Protection

33.3.9.1 PPE for hand protection shall be used whenever the potential exists for exposure to hazards, including skin absorption of harmful substances, severe cuts or lacerations; severe abrasions; punctures;

chemical burns; thermal burns; and harmful temperature extremes.

33.3.9.2 The first line of defense against hand injuries shall be machine guarding, barriers, and work procedures. If such measures fail to eliminate the hazards, then protective gloves shall be used to protect employees' hands. When risk of injury includes the arm, protective sleeves are appropriate.

33.3.9.3 Selection of hand protection: the tasks to be performed, conditions present, duration of use, and the hazards and potential hazards that have been identified during the hazard evaluation process direct the selection of protective gloves. 29 CFR 1910.132 states: "OSHA is unaware of any gloves that provide protection against all potential hand hazards, and commonly available glove materials provide only limited protection against many chemicals." Therefore, the following shall be reviewed and considered during the selection process:

a. Manufacturer's performance data for penetration, permeation, breakthrough times, thermal protection specific to the materials used.

b. Duration, frequency, and degree of exposure of the hazard (for example, immersion or splash protection).

c. The degree of dexterity required and the physical stresses that will be applied.

d. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) data for toxicity, dermal effects, skin absorption, and recommended PPE for work with hazardous chemicals.

33.3.9.4 The Safety, Health and Medical Services Division has expertise to recommend gloves upon request.

33.3.9.5 Records shall document:

a. Glove selections (manufacturer, trade name, size, and cuff length if not standard) for each employee.

b. The chemical or trade names of materials for which the glove is specified, and any special requirements such as double-gloving.

Note: This information may be recorded on PPE Ensemble Record, page 5 of

ARC 861.

33.3.9.6 General Rules for Protective Glove Use and Maintenance:

a. Always wear gloves designated for protection against the specific hazards encountered; be aware of limitations, chemical compatibilities, and incompatibilities.

b. Inspect gloves for discoloration, punctures, cracks, and tears before use.

c. Immediately replace and discard defective, damaged, and contaminated gloves.

d. Establish a replacement schedule for reusable gloves, depending on frequency and type of use, even if they do not appear to be contaminated or damaged.

e. Do not reuse disposable gloves that have been exposed to hazardous materials.

f. Wash reusable gloves that have been exposed to hazardous materials before removing from hands.

g. Use cryogenic gloves for work at low temperatures. Select cryogenic gloves that are loose-fitting, insulated, and impermeable for work with cryogenic fluids to avoid gloves freezing to hand.

h. Wear gloves of appropriate cuff length, or gauntlets to protect wrists and arms.

i. Use cotton or hypoallergenic Nitrile gloves as liners to avoid contact with latex gloves in case of latex sensitivity when latex gloves are designated.

j. Do not use barrier creams or lotions as a substitute for gloves when working with hazardous materials; use only to supplement PPE or reduce skin contact to gloves.

k. Use leather gloves only where protection from chemicals is not needed.

l. Avoid wearing gloves with loose cuffs around moving machinery. Select Kevlar, steel mesh, or other appropriate gloves for mechanical hazards.

m. Rubber insulating gloves for electrical or telecommunications work are subject to special requirements. Refer to sections 33.4.2 and 33.4.3.

33.3.10 Apparel

33.3.10.1 Personal Clothing: Clothing appropriate for the work shall be worn. For example, loose sleeves, ties, lapels, cuffs, or other loose clothing and jewelry that can become entangled in moving machinery shall not be worn when working with machine tools or with hazardous materials.

a. Polyester clothing shall not be worn for work with torches or other sources of ignition.

b. Leather clothing or accessories shall not be worn in situations where chemicals could be absorbed in the leather and held close to the skin.

c. Footwear shall be appropriate for the workplace and operations. For example:

(1) Closed shoes with closed toe and heel (i.e., tops, sides, toe, and heel) shall be worn where chemical or mechanical hazards may exist.

(2) Clogs, perforated shoes, sandals, ballet flats, boat shoes, and cloth shoes do not provide protection against most spilled chemicals, and shall not be used in areas with chemical spill hazards.

d. Personal clothing that has become contaminated with irritating or hazardous agents shall be immediately removed and handled as follows:

(1) The clothing shall be disposed of as hazardous waste unless the agents can be safely removed in the workplace. Alternatively, a laundry service can be used, but they must be advised of the contamination.

(2) Contaminated clothing shall be bagged and labeled to identify the hazard.

33.3.10.2 Protective Apparel

a. Garments such as cotton laboratory coats and tyvek coveralls shall be worn if there is a possibility that personal clothing could become contaminated with a hazardous material.

b. Apparel that is contaminated with hazardous materials shall be removed and may not be worn outside the work area.

c. Protective apparel shall be selected with consideration of all the hazards involved. For example, cotton coats do not burn readily but they react rapidly with acids. Impervious aprons are essential when chemical splash is possible. However, plastic aprons can accumulate static electricity, and so they should not be used around flammable solvents or materials that can be ignited by static discharge. Some disposable garments provide only limited protection from vapor or gas penetration. Polyester coats are not suitable for work with flame, hot objects, or flammable materials. Additional items, such as gauntlets for arm protection, may be advisable for some operations with hazardous liquids. Equipment selected must function effectively in an environment of combined hazards.

33.3.11 Safety Shields

33.3.11.1 Shields, such as a face shield or portable shield, shall be used for protection against possible splash hazards and used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

33.3.12 Respiratory Protection

33.3.12.1 Selection of appropriate respiratory protection is essential to protect the respiratory tract.

Respiratory protection is required for work environments where hazard elimination, engineering design and administrative controls cannot fully ameliorate air contaminants to levels below the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL).

33.3.12.2 When there is a potential for decreased oxygen, high concentrations of a chemical (e.g.,>50 times the PEL or IDLH levels), or a chemical vapor with poor warning properties, air supply respirators are required.

33.3.12.3 The use of a respirator requires training, a medical evaluation, an industrial hygiene evaluation, and fit testing of an appropriate selected respirator. Respirator requirements are described in APR 8715.1, Chapter 28.

33.3.12.4 Respirators and their use shall also comply with all applicable OSHA regulations, NIOSH approvals, and ANSI standards. Respirators may be used on a voluntary basis for processes with potential for exposure to non-harmful odors or nuisance particulates.

33.3.13 Hearing Protection

33.3.13.1 Ear plugs and ear muffs are the primary PPE to reduce occupational noise levels at Ames.

33.3.13.2 The basic approach for selecting hearing protection devices includes evaluating the noise hazard, understanding the Ames and OSHA requirements, and selecting the proper PPE to reduce the occupational noise to an acceptable level. Selection includes comfort, noise attenuation, design features, materials, disposable versus re-use, etc.

33.3.13.3 The Hearing Conservation Program, in APR 8715.1 Chapter 29, and NPR 1800.1 section 4.8 describes the Ames and OSHA requirements for all aspects of noise PPE.

33.4 Operation-Specific PPE

33.4.1 Persons to whom the following sections apply shall consult the applicable standards for the complete OSHA requirements.

33.4.2 Electrical Protective Devices

Table C: Electrical Regulations

29 CFR 1910.137 Electrical Protective Equipment

29 CFR 1910.333(c)(2) Work on Energized Equipment

29 CFR 1910.335(a) Electrical Safety, Use of PPE

33.4.2.1 Electricity can create three possible types of hazards:

a. Exposure to electrical shock

b. Exposure to electrical arc

c. Exposure to static electricity

33.4.2.2 When energy hazards exist that cannot be eliminated, then engineering practices, administrative practices, safe work practices, PPE, and proper training shall be implemented.

33.4.2.3 The workplace and specific jobs shall be evaluated to determine the appropriate PPE to reduce the electrical hazards. PPE is not the same for the three types of electrical hazards. Body areas that can be affected include entire body, head, face, eyes, arms, hands, and feet.

33.4.2.4 Safety shoes, hard hats and insulated nonmetallic framed safety glasses worn by electrical workers shall meet the requirements of ASTM F2412-18 (as of the effective date of this APR, the current revision is -18a), ANSI Z89.1, and ANSI Z87.1 specifications respectively.

33.4.2.5 Design requirements and in-service care and use requirements are specified by OSHA for electrical protective equipment, including insulating blankets, matting, covers, line hose, gloves, and sleeves made of rubber. All electrical protective equipment shall be certified by the manufacturer to meet all applicable ASTM standards. Equipment that meets these standards complies with the specifications for manufacture and marking, current proof testing, workmanship, and finish.

33.4.2.6 Acceptable electrical protective equipment shall be clearly marked with a Class designation (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) and Type I (for non-ozone-resistant equipment other than matting) or Type II (ozone-resistant equipment other than matting). Rubber Insulating Equipment Voltage Requirements, from 29 CFR 1910.137, Table I-5, are also included in ARC 903.

33.4.2.7 Rubber. The following specific use requirements apply to insulating blankets, covers, line hose, gloves, and sleeves made of rubber:

a. Maximum use voltages shall conform to those listed in 29 CFR 1910.137.

b. Insulating equipment shall be inspected for damage before each day's use and immediately following any incident that can reasonably be suspected of having caused damage. Insulating gloves shall be given an air test, along with the visual inspection.

c. Insulating equipment with any defect that damages the insulating properties may not be used.

Defects include:

(1) A hole, tear, puncture or cut.

(2) Ozone cutting or checking.

(3) An embedded foreign object.

(4) Texture changes such as swelling, softening, hardening, or becoming sticky or inelastic.

d. Insulating equipment found to have other defects that might affect its insulating properties shall be removed from service and returned for testing or replaced.

e. Insulating equipment shall be cleaned, per manufacturer's instructions, as needed to remove foreign substances.

f. Insulating equipment shall be stored in such a location and in such a manner as to protect it from injurious substances and conditions such as light, temperature extremes (>90 degrees F), excessive humidity, and ozone. The equipment shall be stored flat, undistorted, right side out, unfolded and in protective containers. Blankets may be rolled provided the inner diameter is at least 2 inches.

g. Protector gloves shall be worn over insulating gloves, except that they need not be used with Class 0 gloves, under limited-use conditions, or where small equipment and parts manipulation necessitate unusually high finger dexterity. A glove one class higher than that required for the voltage involved may be used for similar work without protector gloves if the possibility of physical damage to the gloves is small. Insulating gloves that have been used without protector gloves may not be used at a higher voltage until they have been tested according to the applicable national consensus standards.

h. Electrical protective equipment shall be subjective to periodic electrical tests. OSHA Tables I-5 and I-6, indicating test voltages and the maximum intervals between tests, are reproduced in 29 CFR

1910.137. Each glove shall be conspicuously marked with the last test date.

i. Insulating PPE that fails to pass inspections or electrical tests shall be either destroyed or disposed of, and replaced.

j. Special guidelines for work near exposed energized conductors or circuit parts include the use of insulated tools or handling equipment, nonconductive ropes, handlines, and the use of shields, barriers and insulating materials. Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing shall not be worn. Consult APR 8715.1, Chapter 11 for additional information on reducing electrical hazards.

33.4.3 Telecommunications

33.4.3.1 Telecommunications equipment PPE shall be inspected by a competent person before each day's use to ensure that they are in good condition. Rubber gloves must be air tested.

33.4.3.2 Rubber insulating equipment shall meet ASTM standards D120, D178 and D1048; non-rubber equipment is acceptable if it provides equivalent electrical and mechanical protection.

a. All insulating equipment shall be periodically retested (visual, electrical, and mechanical testing) at intervals listed in 29 CFR 1910.137. Also see 29 CFR 1910.268(f).

b. Gloves and blankets shall be marked to indicate next test date and compliance with the retest schedule.

c. Defective gloves shall be destroyed by cutting them open from the finger to the gauntlet.

d. Insulating gloves and blankets shall be stored away from direct sunlight, steam pipes, and other sources of excessive heat; gloves must be stored in glove bags or in their original containers, and blankets in a canister or other protective device. Gloves and blankets may not be folded while in storage (blankets may be rolled).

33.4.4 Personal Fall Protection Equipment

33.4.4.1 In the workplace, fall protection measures shall be implemented whenever personnel are exposed to a fall four or more feet to the lower level or the ground (six feet for construction related activity).

33.4.4.2 All personnel shall comply with the PPE and training requirements in APR 8715.1, Chapter 40.

33.4.5 Laser Operations

33.4.5.1 Protective protective eyewear shall be provided to and used by personnel wherever personnel could be exposed to levels of laser radiation above Maximum Permissible Exposures (MPE) as established by ANSI Z136.1. The Ames program for laser safety is contained in APR 8715.1, Chapter 8.

33.4.5.2 All laser eyewear shall be clearly labeled with the optical density values and the useful wavelengths, and must be periodically inspected to ensure serviceability.

33.4.5.3 A Laser Eye Examination is required for all persons (Government and contractor employees, students and associates) who do work that requires laser safety eyewear at Ames.

33.4.6 Hazardous Waste Operations and Hazardous Materials Emergency Response

Table D – Hazardous Waste Regulations

29 CFR 1910.120(g) Hazardous Waste Operations

29 CFR 1910.120, Appendix B General Description and Discussion of the Levels of Protection and Protective Gear

33.4.6.1 Hazardous waste operations are required to have a written PPE program. For hazardous waste sites and emergency response, PPE selection follows the initial evaluation and hazard identification.

Ensembles for four levels of protection (A, B, C, and D) are described in the regulation, along with test standards, selection, care, and use requirements. Persons involved in these operations shall be trained in all applicable elements of the regulations.

33.4.7 Welding Operations

29 CFR 1910.252(b) Welding

33.4.7.1 A welder can encounter such hazards as fire or excessive heat, sparks, electrical shock, dangerous fumes, molten metal, burns, UV or infrared radiation, intense visible light, and/or excessive noise. PPE alone cannot eliminate all the potential hazards during welding, but using the correct PPE appropriately can reduce risk and prevent injury and incidents.

33.4.7.2 Welders shall routinely wear safety gloves, fire-resistant clothing, safety shoes, and eye/face protection to ensure their safety.

33.4.7.3 All welding PPE material shall be made to insulate against heat and electricity and be noncombustible.

33.4.7.4 Welders shall inspect their PPE before each job, making sure lenses and filters are not scratched or pitted, goggles straps are not stretched or damaged, helmets are not cracked or damaged, or clothing not torn or worn.

33.4.7.5 After each use, the PPE shall be wiped clean of dust and dirt.

33.4.7.6 Nearby employees to the welding operations may need PPE protection. As an alternative, flameproof shielding or screens may be used as a protective barrier.

33.4.7.7 Eye/Face Protection requirements are:

a. Goggles or safety glasses with side shields that conform to ANSI Z87.1 shall be worn with helmets or face shields in welding or cutting processes to protect the eyes and face because one form of eye protection is not enough.

b. Goggles shall have ventilation to prevent fogging.

c. All filter lenses and plates shall meet the test for transmission of radiant energy prescribed in ANSI Z87.1.

d. Lenses shall be permanently marked to identify the source and shade.

e. Filter plates shall be easily removed.

f. ARC 903 describes the required lens shades for various welding operations.

33.4.7.8 Helmets shall be designed to protect the face, neck, and ears from direct radiant energy.

33.4.7.9 Protective clothing requirements are:

a. Flame/fire resistant fabric or leather protective clothing shall be worn to control heat and spark hazards. When a UV or an infrared hazard is present, all skin shall be covered with preferably dark woolen material.

b. Synthetic blend fabrics shall never be worn during welding operations.

c. If cotton is worn, it shall be thick and chemically treated to resist flammability.

d. Sleeves and collars shall be buttoned and outer clothing free from oil and grease.

e. Open front pockets and cuffs shall be avoided.

33.4.7.10 Respiratory Protection: Respiratory protective equipment is required when:

a. Gas, dust or fumes cannot be kept below the permissible exposure limits (PEL).

b. There is a potential for oxygen deficiency - supplied air shall be provided.

c. Performing inert-gas-shielded arc welding.

33.4.7.11 Refer to other sections of this Chapter for additional PPE, depending on the work conditions.

33.4.8 Bloodborne Pathogens

29 CFR 1910.1030 (c, d), Bloodborne Pathogens

33.4.8.1 Appropriate PPE, such as gloves, gowns, laboratory coats, face shields, eye protection, mouthpieces, resuscitation bags, pocket masks, or other ventilation devices shall be provided when there is occupational exposure, or reasonable anticipation of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Appropriate PPE will help prevent blood or other potentially infectious materials from reaching the employee's skin, eyes, nose or mouth under normal conditions of use.

33.4.8.2 All available and feasible engineering controls shall be implemented for bloodborne pathogen protection.

33.4.8.3 Employees, including first responders, with potential for exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials must be trained in the standard and the use of applicable PPE.

33.4.8.4 See APR 8715.1, Chapter 32 for detailed requirements.

33.4.9 Permit-Required Confined Spaces

29 CFR 1910.146, Permit-Required Confined Spaces

33.4.9.1 The permit process for confined space entry includes hazard evaluation with atmospheric testing and selection of appropriate PPE. The program and training requirements are described in APR

8715.1 Chapter 26.

33.4.10 Substance-Specific Standards

29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances

33.4.10.1 Substance-specific standards establish the air concentrations above which employees shall wear respiratory protection, as well as requirements such as medical monitoring. The Occupational Safety, Health and Medical Services Division provides air monitoring on request. A complete list of OSHA-regulated substances with specific standards is available from the Occupational Safety, Health and Medical Services Division. The following is a partial list of commonly encountered contaminants that have specific standards:

a. Asbestos – 29 CFR 1910.1001

b. Lead – 29 CFR 1910.1025

c. Ethylene Oxide – 29 CFR 1910.1047

d. Formaldehyde – 29 CFR 1910.1048

e. Benzene – 29 CFR 1910.1028

f. Cadmium – 29 CFR 1910.1027

g. Methylene Chloride – 29 CFR 1910.1052

33.4.11 Construction

33.4.11.1 Construction contractors are responsible for knowing and complying with all applicable PPE elements of 29 CFR 1926. Notable OSHA regulations related to the construction work include standards for asbestos, 29 CFR 1926.1101, and Lead, 29 CFR 1926.62.

33.4.11.2 Construction-unique PPE requirements are addressed in the contractor's project safety plan and their Code of Safe Practices. See detailed construction safety PPE requirements in APR 8715.1 Chapter

27. Construction project review and oversight are provided by the Occupational Safety, Health and Medical Services Division.

33.4.12 Other

33.4.12.1 The general PPE requirements apply to all hazardous tasks and worksites. Additional operations-specific PPE requirements are included throughout OSHA regulations. Each person must know and follow the requirements for his/her assigned tasks.

33.5 Disposal of Contaminated PPE

33.5.1 Contaminated PPE shall be contained and disposed of as hazardous waste in accordance with Chapter 7 of APR 8500.1.

33.6 Training

33.6.1 Each employee who is required to use PPE shall be trained to know at least the following:

a. When PPE is necessary.

b. What PPE is necessary.

c. How to properly don, doff, adjust and wear PPE.

d. Limitations of the PPE.

e. Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the PPE.

33.6.2 The Occupational Safety, Health and Medical Services Division offers initial, basic PPE training.

It is the supervisor's responsibility to ensure that employees are provided with task-specific training. This includes providing instruction in the use and care of specialized PPE equipment, and retraining employees when workplace changes occur that affect the types of PPE. The PPE Hazard Assessment (see Section 33.2) is a useful tool for training and documentation.

33.7 Records

33.7.1 The PPE Hazard Assessment and selection documentation shall be retained at the worksite as an attachment to the area safety plan or written operating procedure. A copy may also be posted in the workplace for easy reference.

33.7.2 The Occupational Safety, Health and Medical Services Division shall maintain records of PPE training that it teaches.

33.7.3 Supervisors shall maintain documentation of PPE-specific training that they provide, including the dates and subjects, for each employee.

33.7.4 PPE certification tests shall be dated, retained, and made available to safety inspectors.

APPENDIX A. DEFINITIONS

Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) The JHA is similar to the PPE Hazard Assessment, although it describes a specific job step by step, listing each hazard and control factors as it progresses through the operation. All controls are listed including the recommended PPE. Some organizations use JHA's in place of PPE Hazard Assessments. Generic JHA's and a template can be found at http://q.arc.nasa.gov/content/forms-1

PPE Hazard Assessment A written certification documenting the evaluation of the hazards in the workplace and the prescribed PPE to be used to control those hazards.

The Supervisor signs and dates the assessment and ensures all affected employees read it.See ARC 861.

APPENDIX B. ACRONYMS

AC Alternating Current

ANSI American National Standards Institute

APR Ames Procedural Requirement

ARC Ames Research Center

ASSE American Society of Safety Engineers

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

COR Contracting Officer’s Representative

DC Direct Current

IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health

IR Infrared

ISEA International Safety Equipment Association

JHA Job Hazard Analysis

LIA Laser Institute of America

MPE Maximum Permissible Exposures

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

NPR NASA Procedural Requirement

PDF Portable Document Format

PEL Permissible Exposure Limit

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

RMS Root Mean Square

SDS Safety Data Sheet SOP Standard Operating Procedure UV Ultraviolet

APPENDIX C. REFERENCES

C.1 29 CFR 1910.120 General Description and Discussion of the Levels of Protection and Protective Gear C.2 29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations C.3 29 CFR 1910.132 General Requirements for PPE C.4 29 CFR 1910.133 Eye and Face Protection C.5 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection C.6 29 CFR 1910.135 Head Protection C.7 29 CFR 1910.136 Occupational Foot Protection C.8 29 CFR 1910.137 Electrical Protective Equipment C.9 29 CFR 1910.138 Hand Protection C.10 29 CFR 1910.146 Permit-Required Confined Spaces C.11 29 CFR 1910.252 Welding C.12 29 CFR 1910.268 Telecommunications, Insulating Equipment C.13 29 CFR 1910.333 Electrical Safety - Selection and Use of Work Practices C.14 29 CFR 1910.335 Electrical Safety - Safeguards for Personnel Protection C.15 29 CFR 1910.502 Fall Protection Equipment C.16 29 CFR 1910.1001 Asbestos Exposure Clothing C.17 29 CFR 1910.1030 Bloodborne Pathogens C.18 29 CFR 1926 Construction C.19 42 CFR 84 Subpart J Particulate Respirators C.20 NPR 1800.1, NASA Occupational Health Program Procedures, Section 4.8 C.21 APR 8715.1, Ames Health and Safety Manual C.22 Job Hazard Analysis Form: http://q.arc.nasa.gov/content/forms-1 C.23 ANSI/LIA Z136.1, Safe Use of Lasers C.24 ANSI/ASSE Z359.1, Safety Requirements for Personal Fall-arrest Systems, Subsystems, and Components C.25 ASTM F2413-11, Standard Specification for Performance Requirements for Protective Toe Cap Footwear C.26 NIOSH Recommended Chemical Clothing7

7 http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/protclothing/

APPENDIX D. SOURCES OF PPE

D.1 Prescription Safety Glasses

D.1.1 Prescription or fitted safety glasses are provided to government employees by the Ames Health Unit (one pair per year is typically allowed; cost restrictions may apply). Contact Ames Health Unit for a screening appointment.

D.2 Safety Boots and Shoes

D.2.1 Safety shoes may be purchased for government employees, with branch management approval, by government bank card or purchase order.

D.3 Other Protective Equipment

D.3.1 Reusable protective clothing, such as lab or shop coats and coveralls, is typically provided by means of laundry contracts funded by the user's organization. Adequate supplies of items should be acquired from commercial sources and maintained by the supervisor. Vendor catalogs, Web sites, and manufacturer's data in the Safety, Health and Medical Services Division are resources that may be used for product and source selection.