Attachment 10 - 4320-022P_Conashaugh.pdf

CULVERT INSPECTION REPORT

CONASHAUGH CREEK CULVERT

ZIMMERMAN ROAD OVER CONASHAUGH CREEK

DELAWARE WATER GAP NATIONAL RECREATION AREA

LS

STRUCTURE NO. 4320-022P

INSPECTION TYPE: ROUTINE

INSPECTION DATE: 11/11/13

Report prepared by: WU

Federal Highway Administration Federal Lands Bridge Office Bridge Inspection and Management Program 21400 Ridgetop Circle Sterling, Virginia 20166 http://www.efl.fhwa.dot.gov/FLHBO/BIP http://www.efl.fhwa.dot.gov/FLHBO/BIP

STRUCTURE SUMMARY STRUCTURE NO. 4320-022P

CONASHAUGH CREEK CULVERT INSPECTION DATE: 11/11/13

CULVERT IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION

MAIN SPAN MATERIAL: ........ CONCRETE NO. OF BARRELS:

FOUNDATION: ....................... SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L BARREL LENGTH: ............... 26 FT (8 M)

STRUCT. TOTAL LENGTH: ... 11.8 FT (3.6 M) SKEW ANGLE: ..................... 0 °

MAX. SPAN LENGTH: ............ 11.8 FT (3.6 M) YEAR BUILT: ........................ 1940 (EST.)

PROJ./PLAN REF. NO: .......... 000000000000 / 000000 YEAR RECONSTRUCTED: .. N/A

NPS ROAD CLASS: ............... 2 - CONNECTOR ROAD

STRUCTURE HISTORY:

LOCATION

DELAWARE WATER GAP NATIONAL RECREATION AREA MILE POINT: ..................... 0.40 (KM PT 0.64)

STATE: .................................. PENNSYLVANIA LOCATION: 1.0 MILE FROM PA ROUTE 209 ON

ZIMMERMAN RD. (COUNTY ROAD T-364) FACILITY CARRIED: ............. ZIMMERMAN ROAD

FEATURE INTERSECTED: ... CONASHAUGH CREEK

STRUCTURE EVALUATION SUMMARY

This concrete arch culvert is in fair condition overall. The main problem is poor channel alignment, with a 90-degree bend located in the channel immediately upstream of the structure. This has caused moderate to heavy sloughing of the south upstream channel bank and hillside. There is also moderate erosion along the drainage ditch at the base of the southwest embankment. Scour has also exposed the footing for the entire length of the south barrel wall.

Other problems include missing object markers from the corners of the culvert, and a fallen tree leaning on the northwest wingwall. It should also be noted that the cable approach guardrails are functionally obsolete and in poor condition, and the bridge and approach rails are obscured by vegetation. The railings should be replaced with a system meeting current standards.

Previously noted as being closed, the roadway is now open to public traffic, although it is not clear whether or not the road is currently being maintained.

Corrective action should be taken as outlined in this report to prevent the possible development of more serious or costly problems in the future.

INSPECTION TEAM: M.D. HARLAN, K.M. GREEN (CLARK NEXSEN)

CONDITION ASSESSMENT:

MATTHEW D. HARLAN, P.E., FIELD TEAM LEADER

REPORT REVIEW :

GARY J. GOODLIN, FIELD TEAM LEADER 703-404-6253

REPORT APPROVAL: DATE: 3/31/14

JORGOMAI CEESAY, PH.D., P.E., BIP SUPERVISORY ENGINEER 703-404-6244

RECOMMENDATIONS AND ESTIMATED COSTS STRUCTURE NO. 4320-022P

A (Critical) - Structure is closed, in imminent danger of collapse, or presents a critical safety hazard.

B (Major) - Structure is seriously deficient or presents a safety hazard, but can remain in service at reduced loads or with frequent inspections.

C (Moderate) - Structure is deficient, functionally obsolete, or requires substantial repairs to prevent a serious deficiency or unsafe condition.

D (Minor) - Structure is generally in good condition. Preventative maintenance may be required.

E (Special) - Structure is under construction or reconstruction.

D226 PRIORITY OF IMPROVEMENT

ITEM

NO.

MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS

(GENERALLY NOT FLHP ELIGIBLE)

QTY. UNIT COST

UNIT

ESTIMATE

COST

PRELIM.

222.7 INSTALL TYPE 3 OBJECT MARKERS AT CORNERS. 4 EA

62.4 REMOVE FALLEN TREE FROM NORTHWEST WINGWALL. 1 LS

62.9, 222.3 REMOVE VEGETATION FROM RAILS. 1 LS

PRELIM. MAINTENANCE TOTAL :

ITEM

NO.

REHABILITATION/RECONSTRUCTION

(TYPICALLY NEEDED WITHIN 5 YEARS)

QTY. UNIT

UNIT

COST ESTIMATES

PRELIM. COST

REHAB. RECONSTR.

61.2, 62.6, 222.5

REPAIR SCOUR, SLOUGHING, AND EROSION THROUGHOUT SITE. 40 CY

222.3 REPLACE GUARDRAIL SYSTEM. 100 LF

PRELIM. REHABILITATION/RECONSTRUCTION TOTAL :

COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY

PRELIM. MAINTENANCE TOTAL:

PRELIM. REHABILITATION TOTAL:

PRELIM. RECONSTRUCTION TOTAL: ..

TOTAL ITEMIZED COSTS:

PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE TOTAL* :

(*Includes typical contract costs for mobilization, traffic control, and design/construction engineering; but does not include detour bridges, work beyond the bridge limits, or work not listed above. Estimates are approximate and are for preliminary planning purposes only; they should not be used as a complete or final engineers estimate.)

REMARKS: Cost estimates assume that recommended actions will be combined with similar work being performed on other structures.

FIELD INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 4320-022P

CONDITION RATING CODES FOR ITEMS 58 - 62, 222, 223

N

NOT APPLICABLE

EXCELLENT CONDITION

VERY GOOD CONDITION - no problems noted.

GOOD CONDITION - some minor problems.

SATISFACTORY CONDITION - structural elements show some minor deterioration.

FAIR CONDITION - all primary structural elements are sound but may have minor section loss, cracking, spalling, or scour.

POOR CONDITION - advanced section loss, deterioration, spalling, or scour.

SERIOUS CONDITION - loss of section, deterioration, spalling, or scour have seriously affected primary structural components. Local failures are possible.

Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present.

CRITICAL CONDITION - advanced deterioration of primary structural elements. Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present or scour may have removed substructure support. Unless closely monitored it may be necessary to close the structure until corrective action can be taken.

“IMMINENT” FAILURE CONDITION - major deterioration or section loss present in critical structural components or obvious vertical or horizontal movement affecting structure stability. Structure is closed to traffic but corrective action may return structure to light service.

FAILED CONDITION - out of service; beyond corrective action.

CONDITION RATING CODE EQUIVALENTS FOR SUB-ELEMENTS

G = GOOD (CODES 7 - 9) F = FAIR (CODES 5 - 6) P = POOR (CODES 0 - 4)

STREAM BED COMPOSITION :9.

AVG. CLEAR OPENING8.

NORMAL VELOCITY7.

ADEQUACY OF OPENING6.

OTHER5.

WATERWAY OBSTRUCTIONS4.

CHANNEL PROTECTION3.

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR2.

ALIGNMENT1.

61. CHANNEL 4

P P N G

10 FT.

LOW

SUFF

N

ITEM REFERENCE AND REMARKS

62. CULVERT 6

PARAPETS AND/OR RAILINGS9.

ADEQUACY OF COVER8.

SETTLEMENT AND/OR DEFLECTION7.

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR6.

DEBRIS AND/OR SILT5.

WINGWALLS4.

3. HEADWALLS

FOOTINGS2.

BARREL(S)1.

ROADWAY SURFACE10.

11. RIDEABILITY

OTHER12.

F F G F G F G G G G G N

222. APPROACHES 6

OTHER9.

ALIGNMENT8.

SIGNS7.

SETTLEMENT6.

EROSION5.

SURFACING4.

APPROACH GUARDRAIL3.

RELIEF JOINTS2.

APPROACH SLABS1. N

N P G F G N G N

223. RETAINING WALL N

OTHER6.

SETTLEMENT OR DEFLECTION5.

EROSION AND/OR SCOUR4.

FOUNDATION3.

WEEP HOLES2.

1. WALL

36. TRAFFIC AND SAFETY FEATURES

APPROACH GUARDRAILSC.

TRANSITIONSB.

A. BRIDGE RAILINGS

APPROACH GUARDRAIL ENDSD.

ROCK

61.1 UPSTREAM CHANNEL TURNS 90-DEGREES NEAR WEST END OF

CULVERT AND FLOWS AGAINST SOUTH BANK AND ALONG

SOUTHWEST WINGWALL.

61.2 MODERATE TO HEAVY SLOUGHING ALONG SOUTH UPSTREAM

CHANNEL BANK AND HILLSIDE ABOVE DRAINAGE DITCH; SEE ALSO

222.5.

62.1 MINOR VERTICAL AND LONGITUDINAL CRACKING,

EFFLORESCENCE, AND LEAKAGE AT SEVERAL AREAS OF ARCH

AND BARREL WALLS; ONE MINOR SPALL AT WEST SIDE NEAR

CROWN. MINOR MAP CRACKING OF UNDERSIDE AT ISOLATED

LOCATIONS.

62.1,2,4 MODERATE SCALING OF CULVERT WALLS, FOOTING, AND

WINGWALLS IN NORMAL WATER ZONE.

62.3 MINOR VERTICAL CRACKING WITH EFFLORESCENCE AT

CENTERLINE OF WEST HEADWALL. MINOR DIAGONAL CRACKING

OF EAST HEADWALL NEAR SOUTH SIDE.

62.4 MINOR TO MODERATE HORIZONTAL CRACKING ALONG

CONSTRUCTION JOINTS ON WEST WINGWALLS; MINOR SPALLING

ALONG CONSTRUCTION JOINT AT SOUTHWEST WINGWALL. MINOR

HORIZONTAL CRACKING WITH EFFLORESCENCE ON SOUTHEAST

WINGWALL. FALLEN TREE LEANING ON TOP OF NORTHWEST

WINGWALL.

62.6 MINOR EROSION ALONG WINGWALLS. MODERATE EROSION

BEHIND SOUTHEAST WINGWALL, MINOR BEHIND SOUTHWEST. SEE

ALSO 222.5.

62.6 MODERATE SCOUR HAS EXPOSED FOOTING AT SOUTH WALL UP TO

6" HIGH FOR FULL LENGTH.

TRAFFIC SAFETY RATING CODES

0 - Does not meet standards or a safety feature is required and none is provided.

1 - Meets currently acceptable standards.

N - Not applicable or a safety feature is not required. 3 OF 17

FIELD INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 4320-022P

ADDITIONAL ITEM REFERENCE AND REMARKS

62.9 MINOR RUSTING ALONG TOP OF RAILINGS.

62.9, 222.3 MODERATE VEGETATION GROWTH ALONG SIDES OF ROADWAY OBSCURES RAILINGS; DORMANT AT TIME OF

INSPECTION.

222.3,5 SEVERE RUSTING OF CABLE POSTS. CABLE IS MISSING FROM NORTHEAST APPROACH. CABLE IS DOWN AT

SOUTHEAST APPROACH; TOP CABLE MISSING AT WINGWALL CORNER.

EROSION AT SOUTH APPROACH, BOTH CORNERS HAS EXPOSED FOOTINGS FOR GUARDRAIL POSTS. EROSION HAS CAUSED ONE CABLE POST TO SLIDE DOWNHILL AT SOUTHEAST APPROACH; EROSION CONTINUES DOWN

EMBANKMENT SLOPE.

222.5 MODERATE EROSION ALONG DRAINAGE DITCH AT BOTTOM OF SOUTHWEST EMBANKMENT AND EXTENDS TO

END OF SOUTHWEST WINGWALL.

222.7 NO OBJECT MARKERS PRESENT. PREVIOUSLY NOTED "ROAD CLOSED" BARRICADES AND "WARNING - ROAD IS NOT MAINTAINED TRAVEL AT YOUR OWN RISK" SIGNS AT INTERSECTIONS WITH ROUTE 209 REMOVED SINCE

LAST INSPECTION. ROAD OPEN TO PUBLIC.

36.A,B,C,D BRIDGE RAILINGS DO NOT MEET CURRENT SAFETY STANDARDS. CABLE APPROACH RAILINGS ARE

FUNCTIONALLY OBSOLETE; NOT TERMINATED SAFELY.

STRUCTURE LOAD RATING STRUCTURE NO. 4320-022P

TRUCK TYPE

INVENTORY RATING (NORMAL TRAFFIC) OPERATING RATING (MAXIMUM LOAD)

TONS METRIC TONS TONS METRIC TONS

H 15 14 25 23

HS 27 24 45 41

TYPE 3 25 23 42 38

TYPE 3S2 40 36 67 61

TYPE 3-3 49 45 82 75

DESIGN LOADING: UNKNOWN (H15 ASSUMED - SEE REMARKS)

X CAPACITY MEETS OR EXCEEDS DESIGN LOAD

CAPACITY IS LESS THAN DESIGN LOAD

ORIGINAL LOAD RATING CALCULATION APPLICABLE

ORIGINAL LOAD RATING CALCULATION REVISED

DATE OF LOAD RATING CALCULATION:

LOAD RATING CONTROLLED BY:

REMARKS: DESIGN LOADING IS UNKNOWN; ASSUMPTION IS BASED ON STRUCTURE TYPE, LOCATION, AGE, AND

CONDITION.

STRUCTURE INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL STRUCTURE NO. 4320-022P

STRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION

(201) PARK: DELAWARE WATER GAP NATIONAL RECREATION AREA

(202) STRUCTURE NAME: .......... CONASHAUGH CREEK CULVERT

(203) STRUCTURE KIND: ............ 2 - CULVERT

(204) STRUCTURE NUMBER: ..... 4320-022P

(205) NPS REGION: .................... 3 - NORTHEAST

(206) ROUTE CODE NUMBER: ... 0

(207) ROAD SECTION NO: .......... 022P

(208) NPS ROAD CLASS: ............ 2 - CONNECTOR ROAD

(209) WITHIN NPS BNDRY?: ....... YES

(210) OPERATING UNIT: ............. PARK

(211) PROJECT NO(S):

(212) DRAWING NUMBERS:

(21) MAINTAINED BY: ................. 66 - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

(22) OWNER: ............................... 66 - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

(1) STATE:

(2) STATE HWY. AGENCY DIST:

(3) COUNTY CODE:

(4) CITY/PLACE CODE:

(5) INVENTORY ROUTE:

(6) FEATURES INTERSECTED:

(7) FACILITY CARRIED:

(8) STATE STRUCTURE NO:

(9) LOCATION:

(10) INV. RTE. - MIN. VERT. CLR: ..

(11) MILE POINT:

(27) YEAR BUILT:

(106) YEAR RECONSTRUCTED:

(20) TOLL:

(37) HISTORICAL DESIGNATION: ..

423 - PENNSYLVANIA (PA)

103 - PIKE

164000000

CONASHAUGH CREEK

ZIMMERMAN ROAD

4320022P0000000

1.0 MILE FROM PA ROUTE 20

99.99 FT (99.99 M)

0.40 (KM PT 0.64)

N/A

3 - FREE ROAD

5 - NOT ELIGIBLE

STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION, FOUNDATION, AND DECK TYPE

(43A) MAIN STR. MATERIAL: ..

(43B) MAIN STR. TYPE:

(45) NO. OF MAIN SPANS:

(48) MAX. SPAN LENGTH:

(49) STRUCTURE LENGTH:

(216A) ABUTMENT #1 FDN:

(216B) ABUTMENT #2 FDN:

(217A) PREDOM. PIER FDN.: ..

(217B) SECOND. PIER FDN: ...

(107) DECK TYPE:

1 - CONCRETE

19 - CULVERT

11.8 FT (3.6 M)

11.8 FT (3.6 M)

2 - SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L

2 - SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L

6 - N/A

6 - N/A

N - NOT APPLICABLE

(44A) APPR. STR. MATERIAL: ........ 0 - OTHER

(44B) APPR. STR. TYPE: ................ 00 - OTHER

(46) NO. OF APPROACH SPANS: .. 0

(108) WEAR SURFACE/PROTECT SYSTEM:

A) TYPE WEARING SURFACE: .. N - NOT APPLICABLE

B) TYPE MEMBRANE: ................. N - NOT APPLICABLE

C) TYPE PROTECTION: .............. N - NOT APPLICABLE

(218) IS SALT USED?: ..................... NO

LOAD RATING AND POSTING

(31) DESIGN LOAD: ................. 0 - UNKNOWN (41) LOAD RESTRICTION: ......... A - OPEN, NO RESTRICTION

(66) INVENTORY RATING: ...... 27.0 TONS (24.5 METRIC TONS) (70) BRIDGE POSTING: .............. 5 - NO POSTING REQUIRED

(64) OPERATING RATING: ...... 45.1 TONS (40.9 METRIC TONS)

INSPECTION DATES

(90) INSPECTION DATE: 11/13 (91) FREQ. OF INSP: 24 MONTHS (92 / 93) CRITICAL FEATURE INSPECTION (CFI):

(219) ADD. STUDIES NEEDED: N - 0 - NONE (A) FRACTURE CRITICAL: ... NO

INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. : (220) SPECIAL STUDY TYPE: 0 - NONE

(B) UNDERWATER: .............. NO

(221) SPECIAL STUDY DATE: INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. :

(C) SPECIAL INSPECTION: .. NO

INSP. EVERY: MONTHS - LAST INSP. :

STRUCTURE INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL STRUCTURE NO. 4320-022P

GEOMETRY, TRAFFIC, AND NAVIGATIONAL DATA

(16) LATITUDE: ............................. 41°16'15.30" (51) CURB TO CURB WIDTH: ........... 0.0 FT (0.0 M)

(17) LONGITUDE: ......................... 74°50'52.00" (52) DECK WIDTH: ............................ 0.0 FT (0.0 M)

(19) DETOUR LENGTH: ............... 2 MI (3 KM) (32) APPR. ROADWAY WIDTH: ........ 23.0 FT (7.0 M)

(28A) LANES ON STRUCT: .......... 02 (213) APPR. PAVEMENT WIDTH: ..... 17.0 FT (5.2 M)

(28B) LANES UNDER STRUCT: ... 00 LEFT SHOULDER: .................. 3.0 FT (0.9 M)

(42A) SERVICE ON: ..................... 1 - HIGHWAY RIGHT SHOULDER: ................ 3.0 FT (0.9 M)

(42B) SERVICE UNDER: .............. 5 - WATERWAY (33) BRIDGE MEDIAN: ....................... 0 - NO MEDIAN

(29) AVG. DAILY TRAFFIC: .......... 50 (34) SKEW ANGLE: ............................ 0 °

(30) YEAR OF ADT: ...................... 2011 (35) DECK FLARE?: ........................... NO

(114) FUTURE ADT: ..................... 60 (47) TOTAL HORIZ. CLEARANCE: .... 23.3 FT (7.1 M)

(115) YEAR OF FUTURE ADT: ..... 2031 (50) SIDEWALKS:

(101) PARALLEL STRUCTURE: ... N - NONE LEFT : ...................................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M)

(38) NAVIGATION CONTROL?: ... 0 RIGHT : ................................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M)

(39) VERTICAL CLEARANCE: ...... 0.0 FT (0.0 M) (214) BRIDGE RAIL TYPE:

(40) HORIZ. CLEARANCE: ........... 0.0 FT (0.0 M) RAIL CONFIGURATION: ......... 1 - FULL HEIGHT (NO PARAPE

(111) ABUT. OR PIER PROT: ....... MATERIAL: .............................. 4 - STEEL

DESIGN TYPE: ........................ 1 - CONTINUOUS RAIL

LATERAL UNDERCLEARANCE:

(55) RIGHT: ....................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M) (215) BRIDGE RAIL HEIGHT: ............ 2.50 FT (0.76 M)

(56) LEFT: ......................... 0.0 FT (0.0 M) (53) MIN. VRT. CLEAR. OVER DECK: 99.99 FT (99.99 M)

(54) MIN. VRT. UNDERCLEARANCE: 0.00 FT (0.00 M)

CONDITION AND APPRAISAL DATA, PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS, AND COST

(58) DECK: ................................. N

(59) SUPERSTRUCTURE: ......... N

(60) SUBSTRUCTURE: .............. N

(61) CHANNEL:

(62) CULVERT:

(222) APPROACHES:

(223) RETAINING WALL: ........... N

(36) TRAFFIC SAFETY FEAT: ... 0000

(75A) TYPE OF WORK: .............. 35 - GENERAL REHAB

(75B) WORK DONE BY: ............. 1 - CONTRACT

(76) IMPROVEMENT LENGTH: .. 12.0 FT (3.7 M)

(67) STRUCTURAL EVALUATION:

(68) DECK GEOMETRY:

(69) UNDERCLEARANCES:

(71) WATERWAY ADEQUACY:

(72) APPROACH ALIGNMENT:

(113) SCOUR CRITICAL:

(225) PURPOSE OF IMPROVEMENT:

(226) PRIORITY OF IMPROVEMENT:

(227) MAINTENANCE COST:

(228) REHAB./RECONSTR. COST: ...

(229) CONSTRUCTION COST:

N

Stable;

scour above top of fo

REHAB/RECONSTRUCTION

D

MINOR

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

(230) STRUCTURE HISTORY:

(231) ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS:

(330) ADDITIONAL CONFIG. INFO.:

BARREL LENGTH = 26'

http:74�50'52.00 http:41�16'15.30

APPENDIX STRUCTURE NO. 4320-022P

PHOTOGRAPHS STRUCTURE NO. 4320-022P

PHOTO #1 - LOOKING NORTH TOWARD COUNTY ROAD T-33

FLOW

PHOTO #2 - EAST (DOWNSTREAM) SIDE

PHOTO #3 - GENERAL TOPSIDE VIEW LOOKING SOUTH; NOTE

DORMANT VEGETATION GROWTH ALONG SIDES OF ROADWAY

PHOTO #4 - MISSING CABLE AT NORTHEAST APPROACH RAILING

PHOTO #5 - EROSION AT SOUTHWEST

CORNER

PHOTO #6 - EROSION AND FAILED POST AT

SOUTHEAST CORNER; NOTE CABLE IS DOWN

PHOTO #7 - GENERAL UNDERSIDE VIEW LOOKING WEST

PHOTO #8 - SPALL AT WEST SIDE OF BARREL NEAR CROWN; ALSO

NOTE TYPICAL CRACKING, EFFLORESCENCE, AND LEAKAGE

PHOTO #9 - GENERAL VIEW OF SOUTH

BARREL WALL

PHOTO #10 - TYPICAL VERTICAL CRACKING,

EFFLORESCENCE, AND LEAKAGE ON BARREL;

NORTH WALL SHOWN

PHOTO #11 - EXPOSED FOOTING DUE TO

SCOUR AT SOUTH WALL FOR FULL LENGTH

PHOTO #12 - EXPOSED FOOTING DUE TO

SCOUR AT SOUTH WALL FOR FULL LENGTH;

UPSTREAM END SHOWN

PHOTO #13 - VERTICAL CRACKING WITH

EFFLORESCENCE AT CENTERLINE OF WEST

HEADWALL

PHOTO #14 - HORIZONTAL CRACKING AND

SPALLING ALONG CONSTRUCTION JOINT AT

SOUTHWEST WINGWALL

PHOTO #15 - EROSION ALONG DRAINAGE DITCH AT BOTTOM OF

SOUTHWEST EMBANKMENT AND EXTENDS TO END OF SOUTHWEST

WINGWALL; ALSO NOTE EROSION BEHIND WINGWALL

PHOTO #16 - FALLEN TREE LEANING ON TOP OF NORTHWEST

WINGWALL

PHOTO #17 - LOOKING UPSTREAM THROUGH STRUCTURE; NOTE

BEND IN UPSTREAM CHANNEL

PHOTO #18 - LOOKING DOWNSTREAM THROUGH STRUCTURE