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STANDARD FOR

MAINTENANCE

TESTING SPECIFICATIONS

FOR ELECTRICAL POWER EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS

ANSI/NETA MTS-2023

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ANSI/NETA MTS-2023

(Revision of ANSI/NETA MTS-2023)

June 20, 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023

Errata to

Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems

Issued by the

NETA Standards Review Council

Of the

InterNational Electrical Testing Association

Correction sheet

Issued June 20, 2023

Copyright © 2023 by the InterNational Electrical Testing Association. All rights reserved. Published 2023.

Printed in the United States of America.

This correction sheet may be freely reproduced and distributed in order to maintain the utility and currency of the underlying Standard. This correction sheet may not be sold, licensed or otherwise distributed for any commercial purposes whatsoever. The content of this correction sheet may not be modified.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

MAINTENANCE TESTING SPECIFICATIONS

for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems

Secretariat NETA (InterNational Electrical Testing Association)

Approved by American National Standards Institute

American National Standard

Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer.

Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution.

The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.

Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.

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Copyright© 2023 InterNational Electrical Testing Association All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Copyright Information and Alteration of Content

2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems is protected under the copyright laws of the United States, and all rights are reserved. Further, the ANSI/NETA MTS may not be copied, modified, sold, or used except in accordance with such laws and as follows:

Purchasers may reproduce and use all or a portion of the 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems provided 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems is clearly identified in writing as the source of all such uses or reproductions.

2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems may be reproduced and used in whole or in part for the purpose of creating project specifications, basis of design documentation, maintenance plans, or other similar uses that purport to require compliance with the contents of this document.

The following sections of the 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems must be incorporated by reference as part of any subsection:

3. Qualifications

4. Division of Responsibility

5. General

The user of this document is required to include the above sections with any other section(s) reproduced from this document.

© Copyright 2023

3050 Old Centre Road, Suite 101 Portage, MI 49024

Voice: 888.300.6382 Facsimile: 269.488.6383 Email: neta@netaworld.org • Web: www.netaworld.org

Standards Review Council

The following persons were members of the NETA Standards Review Council which approved this document.

James G. Cialdea Timothy J. Cotter

Lorne J. Gara Leif Hoegberg

Dan Hook David G. Huffman Melissa A. York Chasen Tedder

Ron Widup

Maintenance Testing Specifications Ballot Pool Members

The following persons were members of the Ballot Pool which balloted on this document for submission to the NETA Standards Review Council.

Mark Ernest Arenzana Ken Bassett Tom Bishop Scott Blizard Guy Carpino Michel Castonguay Dinesh Chhajer Craig Goodwin Paul Hartman Kerry Heid Bill Higinbotham

Christopher King Dave Kreger Pat MacCarthy Ken Morton Jeremy Nichols Lee Perry Mose Ramieh Jr.

Scott Reed Diego Robalino Randall Sagan Tom Sandri

Bob Sheppard Charles Sweetser Kiley Taylor Howard Trinkowsky Gary Walls John Weber Drew Welton Chris Werstiuk John White Jean-Pierre Wolff

NOTICE

In no event shall the InterNational Electrical Testing Association be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of these materials.

This document is subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition.

Comments and suggestions are invited from all users for consideration by the Association in connection with such review. Any such suggestions will be fully reviewed by the Association after giving the commenter, upon request, a reasonable opportunity to be heard.

This document should not be confused with federal, state, or municipal specifications or regulations, insurance requirements, or national safety codes. While the Association recommends reference to or use of this document by government agencies and others, use of this document is purely voluntary and not binding.

3050 Old Centre Road, Suite 101 • Portage, MI 49024

Voice: 888.300.6382 Facsimile: 269.488.6383 Email: neta@netaworld.org • Web: www.netaworld.org

Melissa York - Deputy Director

FOREWORD

(This Foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/NETA MTS-2023)

The InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) was formed in 1972 to establish uniform testing procedures for electrical equipment and apparatus. NETA has been an Accredited Standards Developer for the American National Standards Institute since 1996. NETA’s scope of standards activity is different from that of IEEE, NECA, NEMA, and UL. In matters of testing electrical equipment and systems NETA continues to reference other standards developers’ documents where applicable.

NETA’s review and updating of presently published standards takes into account both national and international standards. NETA’s standards may be used internationally as well as in the United States.

NETA firmly endorses a global standardization. IEC standards as well as American consensus standards are taken into consideration by NETA’s ballot pools and reviewing committees.

The first NETA Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems was published in 1975. Since 1989, revised editions of the Maintenance Testing Specifications have been published in 1993, 1997, and 2001.

In 2005, this document was approved for the first time as an American National Standard. It was published as a revised American National Standard in 2011, 2015, and in 2019. The 2023 Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems is the most current revision of this document, and was approved as a revised American National Standard on March 6, 2023.

The ANSI/NETA Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems was developed for use by those responsible for the continued operation of existing electrical systems and equipment to guide them in specifying and performing the necessary tests to ensure that these systems and apparatus perform satisfactorily, minimizing downtime, and maximizing life expectancy. This document aids in ensuring safe, reliable operation of existing electrical power systems and equipment. Maintenance testing and understanding the condition of maintenance can identify potential problem areas before they become safety concerns or major problems requiring expensive and time-consuming solutions.

CONTENTS

1. GENERAL SCOPE

2. APPLICABLE REFERENCES

3. QUALIFICATIONS OF TESTING ORANIZATION AND PERSONNEL

4. DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY

5. GENERAL

5.1 Safety and Precautions

5.2 Suitability of Test Equipment

5.3 Test Instrument Calibration

5.4 Test Report

5.5 Test Decal

6. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES

6.1 Short-Circuit Studies

6.2 Coordination Studies

6.3 Incident Energy Analysis

6.4 Load-Flow Studies

6.5 Stability Studies

6.6 Harmonic-Analysis Studies

7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES

7.1 Switchgear and Switchboard

7.2.1.1 Transformers, Dry-Type, Air-Cooled, Low-Voltage, Small

7.2.1.2 Transformers, Dry-Type, Air-Cooled, Large

7.2.2 Transformers, Liquid-Filled

7.3.1 Cables, Low-Voltage, Low-Energy – Reserved

7.3.2 Cables, Low-Voltage, 1,000 Volt Maxium

7.3.3 Shielded Cables, Medium- and High-Voltage

7.4 Metal-Enclosed Busways, Low- and Medium- Voltage

7.5.1.1 Switches, Air, Low-Voltage

7.5.1.2 Switches, Air, Medium-Voltage, Metal-Enclosed

7.5.1.3 Switches, Air, Medium- and High-Voltage, Open

7.5.2 Switches, Oil, Medium-Voltage

7.5.3 Switches, Vacuum, Medium-Voltage

7.5.4 Switches, SF6, Medium-Voltage

7.5.5 Switches, Cutouts

7.6.1.1 Circuit Breakers, Air, Insulated-Case/Molded-Case

7.6.1.2 Circuit Breakers, Air, Low-Voltage Power

7.6.1.3 Circuit Breakers, Air, Medium-Voltage

7.6.2 Circuit Breakers, Oil, Medium- and High-Voltage

7.6.3 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum, Medium-Voltage

7.6.4 Circuit Breakers, SF6

7.7 Circuit Switchers

7.8 Network Protectors

7.9.1 Protective Relays, Electromechanical and Solid-State

7.9.2 Protective Relays, Microprocessor-Based

7.10.1 Instrument Transformers, Current Transformers

7.10.2 Instrument Transformers, Voltage Transformers

7.10.3 Instrument Transformers, Coupling-Capacitor Voltage Transformers

7.10.4 Instrument Transformers, High-Accuracy Instrument Transformers - Reserved ... 120

7.11.1 Metering Devices, Electromechanical and Solid-State

CONTENTS (continued)

7.11.2 Metering Devices, Microprocessor-Based

7.12.1.1 Regulating Apparatus, Voltage, Step-Voltage Regulators

7.12.1.2 Regulating Apparatus, Voltage, Induction Regulators

7.12.2 Regulating Apparatus, Current – Reserved

7.12.3 Regulating Apparatus, Load Tap-Changers

7.13 Grounding Systems

7.14 Ground-Fault Protection Systems, Low-Voltage

7.15.1 Rotating Machinery, AC Induction Motors and Generators

7.15.2 Rotating Machinery, Synchronous Motors and Generators

7.15.3 Rotating Machinery, DC Motors and Generators

7.16.1.1 Motor Control, Motor Starters, Low-Voltage

7.16.1.2 Motor Control, Motor Starters, Medium-Voltage

7.16.2.1 Motor Control, Motor Control Centers, Low-Voltage

7.16.2.2 Motor Control, Motor Control Centers, Medium-Voltage

7.17 Adjustable-Speed Drive Systems

7.18.1.1 Direct-Current Systems, Batteries, Flooded Lead-Acid

7.18.1.2 Direct-Current Systems, Batteries, Vented Nickel-Cadmium

7.18.1.3 Direct Current Systems, Batteries, Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid

7.18.2 Direct-Current Systems, Chargers

7.18.3 Direct-Current Systems, Rectifiers – Reserved

7.19.1 Surge Arresters, Low-Voltage Surge Protection Devices

7.19.2 Surge Arresters, Medium- and High-Voltage Surge Protection Devices

7.20.1 Capacitors and Reactors, Capacitors

7.20.2 Capacitors and Reactors, Capacitor Control Devices – Reserved

7.20.3.1 Capacitors and Reactors, Reactors (Shunt and Current-Limiting), Dry-Type

7.20.3.2 Capacitors and Reactors, Reactors (Shunt and Current-Limiting), Liquid-Filled .. 189

7.20.4 Resistors…………………………………………………………………………… 193

7.21 Outdoor Bus Structures

7.22.1 Emergency Systems, Engine Generator

7.22.2 Emergency Systems, Uninterruptible Power Systems

7.22.3 Emergency Systems, Automatic Transfer Switches

7.23 Communications – Reserved

7.24.1 Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Line Sectionalizers, Automatic Circuit Reclosers, Oil/Vacuum

7.24.2 Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Line Sectionalizers

Automatic Line Sectionalizers, Oil

7.25 Fiber-Optic Cables

7.26 Electric Vehicle Charging System ………………………

8. SYSTEM FUNCTION TESTS

9. THERMOGRAPHIC SURVEY

10. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SURVEY

11. ONLINE PARTIAL DISCHARGE SURVEY FOR SWITCHGEAR

TABLES

100.1 Insulation Resistance Test Values, Electrical Apparatus and Systems Other Than Rotating

Machinery

100.2 Switchgear Withstand Test Voltages

TABLES (Continued)

100.3 Dissipation Factor/Power Factor at 20° C; Liquid-Filled Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors, Maintenance Test Values

100.4 Insulating Fluid Limits

100.4.1 Suggested Limits for Class I Insulating Oil, Mineral Oil

100.4.2 Suggested Limits for Less-Flammable Hydrocarbon Insulating Liquid

100.4.3 Suggested Limits for Service-Aged Silicone Insulating Liquid

100.4.4 Suggested Limits for Service-Aged Tetrachloroethylene Insulating Fluid

100.4.5 Suggested Limits for Triggering Prompt Additional Investigation for Service-Aged

Natural Ester Insulating Fluids Grouped by Voltage Class

100.5 Transformer Insulation Resistance, Maintenance Testing

100.6 Cables, Maintenance Test Values

100.6.1 Extruded Dielectric Shielded Power Cables Medium-

100.6.2 Laminated Dielectric Shielded Power Cable DC Test Voltages

100.6.3 Shielded Power Cable VLF (0.1 Hz) Test Voltages

100.6.4 Shielded Power Cables DAC Test Voltages for Offline PD Tests

100.6.5 Shielded Power Cable AC (20 Hz-300 Hz) Test Voltages

100.6.6 VLF Tan Delta (TD) MV/HV Cable Test Voltages

100.6.7.1 Evaluation of Tan Delta Test Results XLPE Cable

100.6.7.2 Evaluation of Tan Delta Test Results EPR Cable

100.7 Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Inverse Time Trip Test

100.8 Instantaneous Trip Tolerances for Field Testing of Circuit Breakers

100.9 Instrument Transformer Dielectric Tests, Field Maintenance

100.10 Maximum Allowable Vibration Amplitude

100.11 Insulation Resistance Test Values for Rotating Machinery for One Minute at 40° C

100.12 Bolt-Torque Values for Electrical Connections, US Standard Fasteners

100.12.1 Heat-Treated Steel – Cadmium or Zinc Plated

100.12.2 Silicon Bronze Fasteners, Torque (Pound-Feet)

100.12.3 Aluminum Alloy Fasteners, Torque (Pound-Feet)

100.12.4 Stainless Steel Fasteners, Torque (Pound-Feet)

100.13 SF6 Gas Test Limits

100.14 Insulation Resistance Conversion Factors

100.14.1 Insulation Resistance Conversion Factors (20° C)

100.14.2 Insulation Resistance Conversion Factors (40° C)

100.15 High-Potential Test Voltage for Automatic Circuit Reclosers

100.16 High-Potential Test Voltage for Periodic Test of Line Sectionalizers

100.17 Metal-Enclosed Bus Dielectric Withstand Test Voltages

100.18 Thermographic Survey, Suggested Actions Based on Temperature Rise

100.19 Dielectric Withstand Test Voltages for Electrical Apparatus Other than Inductive Equipment

100.20 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers

100.20.1 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers

100.20.1 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers (continued) Notes: 259

100.20.2 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers, Solenoid-Operated Devices

100.21 Accuracy of IEC Class TP Current Transformers, Error Limit (WITHDRAWN)

100.22 Minimum Bending Radius for Medium Voltage Power Cables Single and Multiple Conductor

Minimum Bending Radius for Medium Voltage Power Cables Single and Multiple Conductor (continued)

100.23 Online Partial Discharge Survey for Switchgear

100.23.1 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (TEV)

100.23.2 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (HFCT)

100.23.3 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (UHF)

100.23.4 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (VIS)

100.23.5 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (contact/airborne acoustic)

APPENDICES

Appendix A – Definitions Appendix B – Frequency of Maintenance Tests Appendix C – Frequency of Power System Studies Appendix D – Circuit Reliability Considerations for Cable Maintenance Testing Appendix E – About the InterNational Electrical Testing Association Appendix F – Form for Comments Appendix G – Form for Proposals

1. GENERAL SCOPE

1.1 Maintenance Testing Specifications

1. These specifications incorporate comprehensive field tests and inspections to assess the suitability for continued service, condition of maintenance, and reliability of electrical power distribution equipment and systems.

2. The purpose of these specifications is to assure tested electrical equipment and systems are operational, are within applicable standards and manufacturer’s tolerances, and are suitable for continued service.

3. The work specified in these specifications may involve hazardous voltages, materials, operations, and equipment. These specifications do not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with their use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use of this specification.

3. QUALIFICATIONS OF TESTING ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL

3.1 Testing Organization

1. The testing organization shall be an independent, third-party entity which can function as an unbiased testing authority, professionally independent of the manufacturers, suppliers, and installers of equipment or systems being evaluated.

2. The testing organization shall be regularly engaged in the testing of electrical equipment devices, installations, and systems.

3. The testing organization shall use technicians who are regularly employed for testing services.

4. The testing organization shall submit appropriate documentation to demonstrate that it satisfactorily complies with these requirements.

3.2 Testing Personnel

1. Technicians performing these electrical tests and inspections shall be trained and experienced concerning the apparatus and systems being evaluated. These individuals shall be capable of conducting the tests in a safe manner and with complete knowledge of the hazards involved. They must evaluate the test data and make a judgment on the serviceability of the specific equipment.

2. Technicians shall be certified in accordance with ANSI/NETA ETT, Standard for Certification of Electrical Testing Technicians. Each on site crew leader shall hold a current certification, Level 3 or higher, in electrical testing.

4. DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY

4.1 The Owner’s Representative

The owner’s representative shall provide the testing organization with the following:

1. A short-circuit analysis, a coordination study, and a protective device setting sheet as described in Section 6.

2. A complete set of electrical plans and specifications, including all change orders.

3. Drawings and instruction manuals applicable to the scope of work.

4. An itemized description of equipment to be inspected and tested.

5. A determination of who shall provide a suitable and stable source of electrical power to each test site.

6. A determination of who shall perform certain preliminary low-voltage insulation-resistance, continuity, and low-voltage motor rotation tests prior to and in addition to tests specified herein.

7. Notification when equipment becomes available for maintenance tests. Work shall be coordinated to expedite project scheduling.

8. Site-specific hazard notification and safety training.

4.2 The Testing Organization

The testing organization shall provide the following:

1. All field technical services, tooling, equipment, instrumentation, and technical supervision to perform such tests and inspections.

2. Specific power requirements for test equipment.

3. Notification to the owner’s representative prior to commencement of any testing.

4. A timely notification of any system, material, or workmanship that is found deficient based on the results of the maintenance tests.

5. A written record of all tests and a final report.

5. GENERAL

5.1 Safety and Precautions

All parties involved must be cognizant of industry-standard safety procedures. This document does not contain any specific safety procedures. It is recognized that an overwhelming majority of the tests and inspections recommended in these specifications are potentially hazardous.

Individuals performing these tests shall be qualified and capable of conducting the tests in a safe manner and with complete knowledge of the hazards involved.

1. Safety practices shall include, but are not limited to, the following requirements:

1. All applicable provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, particularly OSHA 29 CFR 1910 and 29 CFR Part 1926.

2. NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace and CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety.

3. Applicable state and local safety operating procedures.

4. Owner’s safety practices.

2. A safety lead person shall be identified prior to commencement of work.

3. A safety briefing shall be conducted prior to the commencement of work.

4. All tests shall be performed with the apparatus de-energized and temporary protective grounds applied except where otherwise specifically required to be ungrounded or energized for certain tests.

5. The testing organization shall have a designated safety representative on the project to supervise operations with respect to safety. This individual may be the same person described in 5.1.2.

5.2 Suitability of Test Equipment

1. All test equipment shall meet the requirements in Section 5.3 and be in good mechanical and electrical condition.

2. Field test metering used to check power system meter calibration must be more accurate than the instrument being tested.

3. Accuracy of metering in test equipment shall be appropriate for the test being performed.

4. Waveshape and frequency of test equipment output waveforms shall be appropriate for the test and the tested equipment.

5.3 Test Instrument Calibration

1. The testing organization shall have a calibration program which assures that all applicable test instruments are maintained within rated accuracy for each test instrument calibrated.

2. The firm providing calibration service shall maintain up-to-date instrument calibration instructions and procedures for each test instrument calibrated.

3. The accuracy shall be directly traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or ISO/IEC 17025, General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories.

4. All test instruments shall be calibrated within 12 months of the date of test.

5. Dated calibration labels shall be visible on all test equipment.

6. Records, which show date and results of instruments calibrated or tested, must be kept up-to-date.

7. Calibrating standard shall be of higher accuracy than that of the instrument tested.

5.4 Test Report

1. The test report shall include the following:

1. Summary of project.

2. Description of equipment tested.

3. Description of tests.

4. Device settings.

5. Inspection and test data.

6. Analysis and recommendations.

2. Test data records shall include the following minimum requirements:

1. Identification of the testing organization.

2. Equipment identification.

3. Nameplate data.

4. Conditions that may affect the results of the tests/calibrations such as humidity, temperature, and other conditions.

5. Date of inspections, tests, maintenance, and/or calibrations.

6. Identification of the testing technician.

7. Indication of inspections, tests, maintenance, and/or calibrations to be performed and recorded.

8. Indication of expected results when calibrations are to be performed.

9. Indication of as-found and as-left results.

10. Sufficient spaces to allow all results and comments to be indicated.

3. The testing organization shall furnish a copy or copies of the complete project report as specified in the maintenance testing contract.

5.5 Test Decal

1. The testing organization shall affix a test decal on the exterior of equipment or equipment enclosure of protective devices after performing electrical tests.

2. The test decal shall be color-coded to communicate the condition of maintenance for the protective device. Color scheme for condition of maintenance of overcurrent protective device shall be:

1. White: electrically and mechanically acceptable.

2. Yellow: minor deficiency not affecting fault detection and operation, but minor electrical or mechanical condition exists.

3. Red: deficiency exists affecting performance, not suitable for service.

3. The decal shall include:

1. Testing organization.

2. Project identifier.

3. Test date.

4. Technician identifier.

TABLES

MAINTENANCE TESTING SPECIFICATIONS

FOR

ELECTRICAL POWER

EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

TABLE 100.1

Insulation Resistance Test Values

Electrical Apparatus and Systems Other Than Rotating Machinery Nominal

Rating of Equipment (Volts)

Minimum Test Voltage

(DC)

Recommended Minimum Insulation Resistance

(Megohms)

250 500 25

600 1,000 100

1,000 1,000 100

2,500 1,000 500

5,000 2,500 1,500

8,000 2,500 2,500

15,000 2,500 5,000

25,000 5,000 10,000

34,000 5,000 100,000

46,000 and above 5,000 100,000

Notes:

1. In the absence of consensus standards dealing with insulation-resistance tests, the NETA Standards Review Council suggests the above representative values.

2. Test results are dependent on the temperature of the insulating material and the humidity of the surrounding environment at the time of the test. See Table 100.14 for temperature correction factors.

3. Insulation-resistance test data may be used to establish a trending pattern. Deviations from the baseline information permit evaluation of the insulation.

4. For rotating machinery insulation resistance test values, refer to Table 100.11.

5. For transformer insulation resistance test values, refer to Table 100.5.

6. For cables, the acceptability for continued energization should not be determined by the recommended minimum insulation resistance values shown above. These values may be used as guidance of typical magnitudes, however, conductor and insulation geometry, temperature, and overall cable length need to be taken into account per the manufacturer’s published data for definitive minimum insulation resistance criteria.

7. The minimum insulation resistance values do not apply to low-voltage metal-enclosed busways. For minimum insulation resistance values of low-voltage metal-enclosed busways refer to Section 7.4.

TABLE 100.2

Switchgear Withstand Test Voltages

Type of Switchgear Rated Maximum Voltage

(kV) (rms) Maximum Test Voltage (kV)

AC DC

Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker

Switchgear

.254/.508/.635 1.6 2.3

.730/1.058 2.2 3.1

Metal-Clad Switchgear

4.76 14 20

8.25 27 37.5

15.0 27 37.5

27.0 45 Note 3

38.0 60 Note 3

Station-Type Cubicle

Switchgear

15.5 37 Note 3

38.0 60 Note 3

72.5 120 Note 3

Metal-Enclosed Interrupter Switchgear

With stress cone type terminations

With IEEE 386 type terminations

With stress cone type terminations

With IEEE 386 type terminations

4.76 4.76 14 14 Note 3

8.25 8.25 27 25 Note 3

15.0 14.4 27 25 Note 3

27 26.3 45 30 Note 3

38.0 26.6 60 37 Note 3

Notes:

1. Derived from IEEE C37.20.1-2015 Standard for Metal-Enclosed Low-Voltage Power Circuit-Breaker Switchgear, Paragraph 5; IEEE C37.20.2-2015, Standard for Metal-Clad Switchgear, Paragraph 6.5; and IEEE C37.20.3-2013 Standard for Metal-Enclosed Interrupter Switchgear, Paragraph 6.19. This table includes 0.75 multiplier with fraction rounded down.

2. The column headed “DC” is given as a reference only for those using dc tests to verify the integrity of connected cable installations without disconnecting the cables from the switchgear. It represents values believed to be appropriate and approximately equivalent to the corresponding power frequency withstand test values specified for voltage rating of switchgear. The presence of this column in no way implies any requirement for a dc withstand test on ac equipment or that a dc withstand test represents an acceptable alternative to the power-frequency withstand tests specified in these specifications, either for design tests, production tests, conformance tests, or field tests. When making dc tests, the voltage should be raised to the test value in discrete steps and held for a period of one minute.

3. Because of the variable voltage distribution encountered when making dc withstand tests, the manufacturer should be contacted for recommendations before applying dc withstand tests to the switchgear. Voltage transformers above 34.5 kV should be disconnected when testing with dc. Refer to IEEE C57.13-2015 (IEEE Standard Requirements for Instrument Transformers) paragraph 8.5.

TABLE 100.3

Maintenance Test Values

Recommended Dissipation Factor/Power at 20º C Liquid-Filled Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors

Oil Maximum

Silicone Maximum

Tetrachloroethylene Maximum

High Fire Point Hydrocarbon

Maximum

Ester Fluids

Power Transformers 1.0% 0.5% 3.0% 2.0% 3.0%

Distribution Transformers and

Apparatus 2.0% 0.5% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0%

In the absence of consensus standards dealing with transformer dissipation/power factor values, the NETA Standards Review Council suggests the above representative values. Maximum values for oil are based on data from Doble Engineering Company.

TABLE 100.4.1

Suggested Limits for Service-Aged Class I Mineral Oil

Mineral Oil 1

Test ASTM Method Acceptable Values

69 kV and Below Above 69 kV – Below 230 kV

230 kV and Above

Dielectric breakdown, kV minimum 2 D877

26 26

Dielectric breakdown, kV minimum @ 1 mm (0.04 inch) gap D1816 23 28 30

Dielectric breakdown, kV minimum @ 2 mm (0.08 inch) gap D1816 40 47 50

Interfacial tension mN/m minimum D971 25 30 32

Neutralization number, mg KOH/g maximum D974 0.20 0.15 0.10

Water content, ppm maximum @ 60º C 3 D1533 35 25 20

Power factor at 25º C, % D924 0.5 0.5 0.5

Power factor at 100º C, % D924 5.0 5.0 5

Color 3 D1500 1.5 1.5 1.5

Visual Condition D1524 Bright, clear and free of particles

Bright, clear and free of particles

Bright, clear and free of particles

Specific Gravity (Relative Density) @ 15º C

Maximum 4 D1298 0.91 0.91 0.91

1. IEEE C57.106-2015 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Mineral Oil in Equipment, Table 3.

2. IEEE 637-1985 Guide for Reclamation of Insulating Oil and Criteria for Its Use, Table 1.

3. In the absence of consensus standards, NETA’s Standard Review Council suggests these values.

4. IEEE C57.106 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Mineral Oil in Electrical Equipment, Table 1.

TABLE 100.4.2

Suggested Limits

For Service-Aged Less-Flammable Hydrocarbon Insulating Liquid

Test ASTM Method Acceptable Values

Dielectric breakdown voltage, kV minimum D877 24

Dielectric breakdown voltage for 1 mm (0.04 inch) gap, kV minimum D1816 23

Dielectric breakdown voltage for 2 mm (0.08 inch) gap, kV minimum D1816 34

Water content, ppm maximum D1533 B 35

Dissipation/power factor, 60 Hertz, % max.

@ 25º C D924 1.0

Fire point, º C, minimum3 D92 300

Interfacial tension, mN/m, 25º C D971 24

Neutralization number, mg KOH/g D664 0.20

1. IEEE C57.121-1998 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Less-Flammable Hydrocarbon Fluid in Transformers, Table 4.

2. The values in this table are considered typical for acceptable service-aged LFH fluids as a general class. If actual test analysis approaches the values shown, consult the fluid manufacturer for specific recommendations.

3. If the purpose of the HMWH installation is to comply with the NFPA 70 National Electrical Code, this value is the minimum for compliance with NEC Article 450.23.

TABLE 100.4.3

Suggested Limits for Service-Aged Silicone Insulating Liquid

Test ASTM Method Acceptable Values

Dielectric breakdown, kV minimum D877 25

Visual D2129 Colorless, clear, free of particles

Water content, ppm maximum D1533 100

Dissipation/power factor, 60 Hertz, maximum @ 25º C D924 0.2

Viscosity, cSt @ 25º C D445 47.5 – 52.5

Fire Point, º C, minimum D92 340

Neutralization number, Mg KOH/g max D974 0.2

1. IEEE C57.111-1989 (R1995) Guide for Acceptance of Silicone Insulating Fluid and Its Maintenance in Transformers, Table 3.

TABLE 100.4.4

Suggested Limits for Service-Aged Tetrachloroethylene Insulating Fluid

Test ASTM Method Acceptable Values

Dielectric breakdown, kV minimum D877 26

Visual D2129 Clear with purple iridescence

Water content, ppm maximum D1533 35

Dissipation/power factor, % maximum @ 25º C D924 12.0

Viscosity, cSt @ 25º C D445 0

Fire point, º C, minimum D92 -

Neutralization number, mg KOH/g maximum D974 0.25

Neutralization number, mg KOH/g maximum D664 -

Interfacial tension, mN/m minimum @ 25º C D971 -

1. Reference: Instruction Book PC-2000 for WecosolTM Fluid-Filled Primary and Secondary Unit Substation Transformers, ABB Power T&D.

TABLE 100.5

Transformer Insulation Resistance

Maintenance Testing

Transformer Coil Rating Type

(Volts)

Minimum DC Test Voltage

Recommended Minimum Insulation Resistance (Megohms)

Liquid Filled Dry

0 – 600 1,000 100 500

601 – 5,000 2,500 1,000 5,000

Greater than 5,000 5,000 5,000 25,000

Notes:

1. In the absence of consensus standards, the NETA Standards Review Council suggests the above representative values.

2. See Table 100.14 for temperature correction factors.

3. Since insulation resistance depends on insulation rating (kV) and winding capacity (kVA), values obtained should be compared to manufacturer’s published data.

TABLE 100.7

Molded-Case Circuit Breakers

Inverse Time Trip Test (At 300% of Rated Continuous Current of Circuit Breaker)

Range of Rated Continuous Current (Amperes)

Maximum Trip Time in Seconds for Each Maximum Frame Rating 1

≤ 250 V 250 – 600 V

0 – 30 50 70

31 – 50 80 100

51 – 100 140 160

101 – 150 200 250

151 – 225 230 275

226 – 400 300 350

401 – 600 - - - - 450

601 – 800 - - - - 500

801 – 1,000 - - - - 600

1,001 – 1,200 - - - - 700

1,201 – 1,600 - - - - 775

1,601 – 2,000 - - - - 800

2,001 – 2,500 - - - - 850

2,501 – 5,000 - - - - 900

6,000 - - - - 1,000

Notes:

Derived from Table 3, NEMA AB 4-2017, Guidelines for Inspection and Preventative Maintenance of Molded-Case Circuit Breaker Used in Commercial and Industrial Applications.

1. Trip times may be substantially longer for integrally-fused circuit breakers if tested with the fuses replaced by solid links (shorting bars).

TABLE 100.8

Molded-Case Circuit Breakers Instantaneous Trip Tolerances

Breaker Type Tolerance of Settings Tolerances of Manufacturer’s Published Trip Range

High Side Low Side

Electronic Trip Units (1)

+30% -30% - - - - - - - -

Adjustable (1) +40% -30% - - - - - - - -

Nonadjustable (2) - - - - +25% -25%

NEMA AB4-2017 Guidelines for Inspection and Preventative Maintenance of Molded-Case Circuit Breaker Used in Commercial and Industrial Applications, Table 4.

1. Tolerances are based on variations from the nominal settings.

2. Tolerances are based on variations from the manufacturer’s published trip band (i.e., -25% below the low side of the band; +25% above the high side of the band.)

TABLE 100.9

Instrument Transformer Dielectric Tests Field Maintenance

Nominal System (kV) BIL (kV)

Periodic Dielectric Withstand Test Field Test Voltage (kV)

AC DC 2

0.6 10 2.6 4

1.1 30 6.5 10

2.4 45 9.7 15

4.8 60 12.3 19

8.32 75 16.9 26

13.8 95 22.1 34

13.8 110 26.0 34

25 125 32.5 40

25 150 32.5 50

34.5 150 45.5 50

34.5 200 61.7 70

46 250 91.0 Note 1

69 350 120.0 Note 1

115 450 149.0 Note 1

115 550 149.0 Note 1

138 550 178.0 Note 1

138 650 178.0 Note 1

161 650 211.0 Note 1

161 750 256.0 Note 1

230 900 256.0 Note 1

230 1,050 299.0 Note 1

Table is derived from Paragraph 8.5.2 and Table 2 of IEEE C57.13-2016, Standard Requirements for Instrument Transformers.

1. Periodic dc potential tests are not recommended for transformers rated higher than 34.5 kV.

2. Under some conditions transformers may be subjected to periodic insulation test using direct voltage. In such cases the test direct voltage should not exceed the original factory acceptance test rms alternating voltage. Periodic direct-voltage tests should not be applied to (instrument) transformers of higher than 34.5 kV voltage rating.

TABLE 100.10

Maximum Allowable Vibration Amplitude

RPM

(at 60 Hz)

Velocity (in/s peak)

Velocity (mm/s)

RPM

(at 50 Hz)

Velocity (in/s peak)

Velocity (mm/s)

3,600 0.15 3.8 3,000 0.15 3.8

1,800 0.15 3.8 1,500 0.15 3.8

1,200 0.15 3.8 1,000 0.13 3.3

900 0.12 3.0 750 0.10 2.5

720 0.09 2.3 600 0.08 2.0

600 0.08 2.0 500 0.07 1.7

Derived from NEMA MG 1-7.08, Table 7-1.

1. Table is unfiltered vibration limits for resiliently mounted machines. For machines with rigid mounting multiply the limiting values by 0.8.

TABLE 100.12.1

Bolt-Torque Values for Electrical Connections

US Standard Fasteners 1

Heat-Treated Steel – Cadmium or Zinc Plated 2

Grade SAE 1&2 SAE 5 SAE 7 SAE 8

Head Marking

Minimum Tensile

(Strength) (lbf/in2)

64K 105K 133K 150K

Bolt Diameter (Inches) Torque (Pound-Feet)

1/4 4 6 8 8

5/16 7 11 15 18

3/8 12 20 27 30

7/16 19 32 44 48

1/2 30 48 68 74

9/16 42 70 96 105

5/8 59 96 135 145

3/4 96 160 225 235

7/8 150 240 350 380

1.0 225 370 530 570

1. Consult manufacturer for equipment supplied with metric fasteners.

2. Table is based on national coarse thread pitch.

TABLE 100.12.2

US Standard Fasteners 1

Silicon Bronze Fasteners 2, 3

Torque (Pound-Feet)

Bolt Diameter (Inches) Nonlubricated Lubricated

5/16 15 10

3/8 20 15

1/2 40 25

5/8 55 40

3/4 70 60

2. Table is based on national coarse thread pitch.

3. This table is based on bronze alloy bolts having a minimum tensile strength of 70,000 pounds per square inch.

TABLE 100.12.3

Aluminum Alloy Fasteners 2, 3

Torque (Pound-Feet)

Bolt Diameter (Inches) Lubricated

5/16 10

3/8 14

1/2 25

5/8 40

3/4 60

2. Table is based on national coarse thread pitch.

3. This table is based on aluminum alloy bolts having a minimum tensile strength of 55,000 pounds per square inch.

TABLE 100.12.4

Stainless Steel Fasteners 2, 3

Torque (Pound-Feet)

Bolt Diameter (Inches) Uncoated

5/16 15

3/8 20

1/2 40

5/8 55

3/4 70

2. Table is based on national coarse thread pitch.

3. This table is to be used for the following hardware types:

Bolts, cap screws, nuts, flat washers, locknuts (18-8 alloy) Belleville washers (302 alloy).

Tables in 100.12 are compiled from Penn-Union Catalogue and Square D Company, Anderson Products Division, General Catalog: Class 3910 Distribution Technical Data, Class 3930 Reference Data Substation Connector Products.

TABLE 100.17

Metal-Enclosed Bus Dielectric Withstand Test Voltages

Type of Bus Rated kV Maximum Test Voltage (kV)

AC DC

Isolated Phase for Generator Leads

24.5 37.0 52.0

29.5 45.0 --

34.5 60.0 --

Isolated Phase for Other than Generator Leads

15.5 37.0 --

27.0 45.0 --

38.0 60.0 --

Nonsegregated Phase

1.058 2.25 --

4.76 14.2 --

8.25 27.0 --

15.0 27.0 --

15.5 37.5 --

27.0 45.0 --

38.0 60.0 --

Segregated Phase

15.5 37.0 --

27.0 45.0 --

38.0 60.0 --

DC Bus Duct 1

0.3/.325 1.6 2.3

0.8 2.7 3.9

1.2 3.6 5.4

1.6 4.0 5.7

3.2 6.6 9.3

Notes:

Derived from IEEE C37.23-2015 Standard for Metal-Enclosed Bus and Calculating Losses in Isolated-Phase Bus, Tables 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D and paragraph 6.4.3. The table includes a 0.75 multiplier with fractions rounded down.

1. The presence of the column headed “DC” does not imply any requirement for a dc withstand test on ac equipment. This column is given as a reference only for those using dc tests and represents values believed to be appropriate and approximately equivalent to the corresponding power frequency withstand test values specified for each class of bus.

Direct current withstand tests are recommended for flexible bus to avoid the loss of insulation life that may result from the dielectric heating that occurs with rated frequency withstand testing.

Because of the variable voltage distribution encountered when making dc withstand tests and variances in leakage currents associated with various insulation systems, the manufacturer should be consulted for recommendations before applying dc withstand tests to this equipment.

TABLE 100.18

Thermographic Survey Suggested Actions Based on Temperature Rise

Temperature Difference (∆T) Based on Comparisons Between

Similar Components Under Similar Loading

Temperature Difference (∆T) Based Upon Comparisons Between

Component and Ambient Air Temperatures

Recommended Action

1° C - 3° C 1° C - 10° C Possible deficiency; warrants investigation

4° C - 15° C 11° - 20° C Indicates probable deficiency;

repair as time permits

- - - - - 21° - 40° C Monitor until corrective measures can be accomplished

> 15° C > 40° C Major discrepancy; repair immediately

1. Temperature specifications vary depending on the exact type of equipment. Even in the same class of equipment (i.e., cables) there are various temperature ratings. Heating is generally related to the square of the current; therefore, the load current will have a major impact on ∆T. In the absence of consensus standards for ∆T, the values in this table will provide reasonable guidelines.

2. An alternative method of evaluation is the standards-based temperature rating system as discussed in Section 8.9.2, Conducting an IR Thermographic Inspection, Electrical Power Systems Maintenance and Testing by Paul Gill, PE, 2008.

3. It is a necessary and valid requirement that the person performing the electrical inspection be thoroughly trained and experienced concerning the apparatus and systems being evaluated as well as knowledgeable of thermographic methodology.

TABLE 100.19

Dielectric Withstand Test Voltages for Electrical Apparatus

Other than Inductive Equipment Nominal System

(Line) Voltage 1 (kV)

Insulation Class (kV)

AC Factory Test (kV)

Maximum Field Applied AC Test (kV)

Maximum Field Applied DC Test (kV)

1.2 1.2 10 6.0 8.5

2.4 2.5 15 9.0 12.7

4.8 5.0 19 11.4 16.1

8.3 8.7 26 15.6 22.1

14.4 15.0 34 20.4 28.8

10.8 18.0 40 24.0 33.9

25.0 25.0 50 30.0 42.4

34.5 35.0 70 42.0 59.4

46.0 46.0 95 57.0 80.6

69.0 69.0 140 84.0 118.8

In the absence of consensus standards, the NETA Standards Review Council suggests the above representative values.

1. Intermediate voltage ratings are placed in the next higher insulation class.

TABLE 100.20.1

Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers

Operating mechanisms are designed for rated control voltages listed with operational capability throughout the indicated voltage ranges to accommodate variations in source regulation, couple with low charge levels, as well as high charge levels maintained with floating charges. The maximum voltage is measured at the point of user connection to the circuit breaker [see notes (12) and (13)] with no operating current flowing, and the minimum voltage is measured with maximum operating current flowing.

(11)

Rated Control Voltage

Direct Current Voltage Ranges

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5) (8)(9)

Opening Functions All Types

Rated Control Voltage (60 Hz)

Alternating Current Voltage Ranges

(1)(2)(3)(4)(8)

Closing and Auxiliary Functions

Single Phase

Closing, Tripping, and

Auxiliary Functions

Indoor Circuit Breakers

Outdoor Circuit Breakers Single Phase

24 (6) 48 (6)

38 – 56

100 – 140 200 – 280

36 – 56

90 – 140 180 – 280

14 - 28 28 – 56

70 – 140 140 – 280

104 – 127 (7) 208 – 254 (7)

Polyphase Polyphase

208Y/120

180Y/104 – 220Y/127 208 – 254

Derived from Table 8, IEEE C37.06-2000, AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis – Preferred Ratings and Related Required Capabilities.

TABLE 100.20.1 (continued)

(1) Electrically operated motors, contactors, solenoids, valves, and the like, need not carry a nameplate voltage rating that corresponds to the control voltage rating shown in the table as long as these components perform the intended duty cycle (usually intermittent) in the voltage range specified.

(2) Relays, motors, or other auxiliary equipment that function as a part of the control for a device shall be subject to the voltage limits imposed by this standard, whether mounted at the device or at a remote location.

(3) Circuit breaker devices, in some applications, may be exposed to control voltages exceeding those specified here due to abnormal conditions such as abrupt changes in line loading. Such applications require specific study, and the manufacturer should be consulted. Also, application of switchgear devices containing solid-state control, exposed continuously to control voltages approaching the upper limits of ranges specified herein, require specific attention and the manufacturer should be consulted before application is made.

(4) Includes supply for pump or compressor motors. Note that rated voltages for motors and their operating ranges are covered by NEMA MG-1-1978.

(5) It is recommended that the coils of closing, auxiliary, and tripping devices that are connected continually to one dc potential should be connected to the negative control bus so as to minimize electrolytic deterioration.

(6) 24-volt or 48-volt tripping, closing, and auxiliary functions are recommended only when the device is located near the battery or where special effort is made to ensure the adequacy of conductors between battery and control terminals. 24-volt closing is not recommended.

(7) Includes heater circuits.

(8) Voltage ranges apply to all closing and auxiliary devices when cold. Breakers utilizing standard auxiliary relays for control functions may not comply at lower extremes of voltage ranges when relay coils are hot, as after repeated or continuous operation.

(9) Direct current control voltage sources, such as those derived from rectified alternating current, may contain sufficient inherent ripple to modify the operation of control devices to the extent that they may not function over the entire specified voltage ranges.

(10) This table also applies to circuit breakers in gas-insulated substation installations.

(11) In cases where other operational ratings are a function of the specific control voltage applied, tests in IEEE C37.09 may refer to the “Rated Control Voltage.” In these cases, tests shall be performed at the levels in this column.

(12) For an outdoor circuit breaker, the point of user connection to the circuit breaker is the secondary terminal block point at which the wires from the circuit breaker operating mechanism components are connected to the user’s control circuit wiring.

(13) For an indoor circuit breaker, the point of user connection to the circuit breaker is either the secondary disconnecting contact (where the control power is connected from the stationary housing to the removable circuit breaker) or the terminal block point in the housing nearest to the secondary disconnecting contact.

TABLE 100.20.2

Solenoid-Operated Devices

Rated Voltage (DC) Closing Voltage Ranges for Power Supply

125 90 – 115 or 105 – 130

250 180 – 230 or 210 – 260

230 190 – 230 or 210 – 260

Notes:

1. Some solenoid operating mechanisms are not capable of satisfactory performance over the range of voltage specified in the standard; moreover, two ranges of voltage may be required for such mechanisms to achieve an acceptable standard of performance.

2. The preferred method of obtaining the double range of closing voltage is by use of tapped coils. Otherwise it will be necessary to designate one of the two closing voltage ranges listed above as representing the condition existing at the device location due to battery or lead voltage drop or control power transformer regulation. Also, caution should be exercised to ensure that the maximum voltage of the range used is not exceeded.

TABLE 100.21

Accuracy of IEC Class TP Current Transformers Error Limit

WITHDRAWN

TABLE 100.22

Minimum Bending Radius for Medium Voltage Power Cables Single and Multiple Conductor

Cable Type

Overall Diameter of Cable inches 0.75 and less mm and less inches

0.76 to

1.50 mm 191 to inches

1.51 and larger mm 382 and Larger

Minimum Bending Radius as a Multiple of Cable Diameter

Smooth Aluminum Shealth Single

Conductor Nonshielded, Multiple Conductor or

Multiplexed, with Individually

10 12 15

Single Conductor Shielded 12 12 15

Multiple Conductor or Muliplexed, with

Overall Shield 12 12 15

Interlocked Armor or Corrugated Aluminum

Sheath Nonshielded 7 7 7

Multiple Conductor with Individually Shielded

Conductor 12/7 a 12/7 a 12/7 a

Multiple Conductor with Overall Shield 12 12 12

Lead Sheath 12 12 12

12xa individual shielded conductor diameter, or 7x overall cable diameter, whichever is greater.

Table 100.22 and notes from ANSI/NEMA WC 74/ICEA S93-639-2017 American National Standard for 5-46 kV Shielded Power Cable for Use in the Transmission and Distribution of Electric Energy, Appendix I.

NFPA 70 300.34 Conductor Bending Radius – over 1,000V – single conductor non-shielded 8X overall diameter, shielded 12X, multi-conductor 12X individual conductor or 7X entire table.

TABLE 100.22 (continued)

Minimum Bending Radius for Medium Voltage Power Cables Single and Multiple Conductor

1. Interlocked-Armor and Metallic-Sheathed Cables use Table 100.22.

2. Flat-Tape Armored or Wire-Armored Cables minimum bending radius is twelve times the overall diameter of cable.

Shielded Cables without armor:

1. Tape-shielded with helically applied flat or corrugated tape or longitudinally applied corrugated tape-shielded cables.

2. The minimum bending radius for a single-conductor cable is twelve times the overall diameter.

3. For multiple-conductor or multiplexed single-conductor cables having individually taped shielded conductors, the minimum bending radius is twelve times the diameter of the individual conductors or seven times the overall diameter, whichever is greater.

4. For multiple-conductor cables having an overall tape shield over the assembly, the minimum bending radius is twelve times the overall diameter of the cable.

Wire-Shielded Cables.

1. The minimum bending radius for a single-conductor cable is eight times the overall diameter.

2. For multiple-conductor or multiplexed single-conductor cables having wire-shielded individual conductors, the minimum bending radius is eight…