Atch 2 ANSINETA MTS-2015 Maintenance inspection and testing.pdf

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STANDARD FOR

MAINTENANCE

TESTING SPECIFICATIONS

FOR ELECTRICAL POWER EQUIPMENT & SYSTEMS

ANSI/NETA MTS-2023

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ANSI/NETA MTS-2023

(Revision of ANSI/NETA MTS-2023)

June 20, 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS-2023

Errata to

Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems

Issued by the

NETA Standards Review Council

Of the

InterNational Electrical Testing Association

Correction sheet

Issued June 20, 2023

Copyright © 2023 by the InterNational Electrical Testing Association. All rights reserved. Published 2023.

Printed in the United States of America.

This correction sheet may be freely reproduced and distributed in order to maintain the utility and currency of the underlying Standard. This correction sheet may not be sold, licensed or otherwise distributed for any commercial purposes whatsoever. The content of this correction sheet may not be modified.

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

STANDARD FOR

MAINTENANCE TESTING SPECIFICATIONS

for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems

Secretariat NETA (InterNational Electrical Testing Association)

Approved by American National Standards Institute

American National Standard

Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer.

Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution.

The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.

Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.

Published by

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Web: www.netaworld.org Email: neta@netaworld.org Melissa York - Deputy Director

Copyright© 2023 InterNational Electrical Testing Association All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Copyright Information and Alteration of Content

2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems is protected under the copyright laws of the United States, and all rights are reserved. Further, the ANSI/NETA MTS may not be copied, modified, sold, or used except in accordance with such laws and as follows:

Purchasers may reproduce and use all or a portion of the 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems provided 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems is clearly identified in writing as the source of all such uses or reproductions.

2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems may be reproduced and used in whole or in part for the purpose of creating project specifications, basis of design documentation, maintenance plans, or other similar uses that purport to require compliance with the contents of this document.

The following sections of the 2023 ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems must be incorporated by reference as part of any subsection:

3. Qualifications

4. Division of Responsibility

5. General

The user of this document is required to include the above sections with any other section(s) reproduced from this document.

© Copyright 2023

3050 Old Centre Road, Suite 101 Portage, MI 49024

Voice: 888.300.6382 Facsimile: 269.488.6383 Email: neta@netaworld.org • Web: www.netaworld.org

Standards Review Council

The following persons were members of the NETA Standards Review Council which approved this document.

James G. Cialdea Timothy J. Cotter

Lorne J. Gara Leif Hoegberg

Dan Hook David G. Huffman Melissa A. York Chasen Tedder

Ron Widup

Maintenance Testing Specifications Ballot Pool Members

The following persons were members of the Ballot Pool which balloted on this document for submission to the NETA Standards Review Council.

Mark Ernest Arenzana Ken Bassett Tom Bishop Scott Blizard Guy Carpino Michel Castonguay Dinesh Chhajer Craig Goodwin Paul Hartman Kerry Heid Bill Higinbotham

Christopher King Dave Kreger Pat MacCarthy Ken Morton Jeremy Nichols Lee Perry Mose Ramieh Jr.

Scott Reed Diego Robalino Randall Sagan Tom Sandri

Bob Sheppard Charles Sweetser Kiley Taylor Howard Trinkowsky Gary Walls John Weber Drew Welton Chris Werstiuk John White Jean-Pierre Wolff

NOTICE

In no event shall the InterNational Electrical Testing Association be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of these materials.

This document is subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition.

Comments and suggestions are invited from all users for consideration by the Association in connection with such review. Any such suggestions will be fully reviewed by the Association after giving the commenter, upon request, a reasonable opportunity to be heard.

This document should not be confused with federal, state, or municipal specifications or regulations, insurance requirements, or national safety codes. While the Association recommends reference to or use of this document by government agencies and others, use of this document is purely voluntary and not binding.

3050 Old Centre Road, Suite 101 • Portage, MI 49024

Voice: 888.300.6382 Facsimile: 269.488.6383 Email: neta@netaworld.org • Web: www.netaworld.org

Melissa York - Deputy Director

FOREWORD

(This Foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/NETA MTS-2023)

The InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) was formed in 1972 to establish uniform testing procedures for electrical equipment and apparatus. NETA has been an Accredited Standards Developer for the American National Standards Institute since 1996. NETA’s scope of standards activity is different from that of IEEE, NECA, NEMA, and UL. In matters of testing electrical equipment and systems NETA continues to reference other standards developers’ documents where applicable.

NETA’s review and updating of presently published standards takes into account both national and international standards. NETA’s standards may be used internationally as well as in the United States.

NETA firmly endorses a global standardization. IEC standards as well as American consensus standards are taken into consideration by NETA’s ballot pools and reviewing committees.

The first NETA Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems was published in 1975. Since 1989, revised editions of the Maintenance Testing Specifications have been published in 1993, 1997, and 2001.

In 2005, this document was approved for the first time as an American National Standard. It was published as a revised American National Standard in 2011, 2015, and in 2019. The 2023 Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems is the most current revision of this document, and was approved as a revised American National Standard on March 6, 2023.

The ANSI/NETA Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems was developed for use by those responsible for the continued operation of existing electrical systems and equipment to guide them in specifying and performing the necessary tests to ensure that these systems and apparatus perform satisfactorily, minimizing downtime, and maximizing life expectancy. This document aids in ensuring safe, reliable operation of existing electrical power systems and equipment. Maintenance testing and understanding the condition of maintenance can identify potential problem areas before they become safety concerns or major problems requiring expensive and time-consuming solutions.

CONTENTS

1. GENERAL SCOPE

2. APPLICABLE REFERENCES

3. QUALIFICATIONS OF TESTING ORANIZATION AND PERSONNEL

4. DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY

5. GENERAL

5.1 Safety and Precautions

5.2 Suitability of Test Equipment

5.3 Test Instrument Calibration

5.4 Test Report

5.5 Test Decal

6. POWER SYSTEM STUDIES

6.1 Short-Circuit Studies

6.2 Coordination Studies

6.3 Incident Energy Analysis

6.4 Load-Flow Studies

6.5 Stability Studies

6.6 Harmonic-Analysis Studies

7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES

7.1 Switchgear and Switchboard

7.2.1.1 Transformers, Dry-Type, Air-Cooled, Low-Voltage, Small

7.2.1.2 Transformers, Dry-Type, Air-Cooled, Large

7.2.2 Transformers, Liquid-Filled

7.3.1 Cables, Low-Voltage, Low-Energy – Reserved

7.3.2 Cables, Low-Voltage, 1,000 Volt Maxium

7.3.3 Shielded Cables, Medium- and High-Voltage

7.4 Metal-Enclosed Busways, Low- and Medium- Voltage

7.5.1.1 Switches, Air, Low-Voltage

7.5.1.2 Switches, Air, Medium-Voltage, Metal-Enclosed

7.5.1.3 Switches, Air, Medium- and High-Voltage, Open

7.5.2 Switches, Oil, Medium-Voltage

7.5.3 Switches, Vacuum, Medium-Voltage

7.5.4 Switches, SF6, Medium-Voltage

7.5.5 Switches, Cutouts

7.6.1.1 Circuit Breakers, Air, Insulated-Case/Molded-Case

7.6.1.2 Circuit Breakers, Air, Low-Voltage Power

7.6.1.3 Circuit Breakers, Air, Medium-Voltage

7.6.2 Circuit Breakers, Oil, Medium- and High-Voltage

7.6.3 Circuit Breakers, Vacuum, Medium-Voltage

7.6.4 Circuit Breakers, SF6

7.7 Circuit Switchers

7.8 Network Protectors

7.9.1 Protective Relays, Electromechanical and Solid-State

7.9.2 Protective Relays, Microprocessor-Based

7.10.1 Instrument Transformers, Current Transformers

7.10.2 Instrument Transformers, Voltage Transformers

7.10.3 Instrument Transformers, Coupling-Capacitor Voltage Transformers

7.10.4 Instrument Transformers, High-Accuracy Instrument Transformers - Reserved ... 120

7.11.1 Metering Devices, Electromechanical and Solid-State

CONTENTS (continued)

7.11.2 Metering Devices, Microprocessor-Based

7.12.1.1 Regulating Apparatus, Voltage, Step-Voltage Regulators

7.12.1.2 Regulating Apparatus, Voltage, Induction Regulators

7.12.2 Regulating Apparatus, Current – Reserved

7.12.3 Regulating Apparatus, Load Tap-Changers

7.13 Grounding Systems

7.14 Ground-Fault Protection Systems, Low-Voltage

7.15.1 Rotating Machinery, AC Induction Motors and Generators

7.15.2 Rotating Machinery, Synchronous Motors and Generators

7.15.3 Rotating Machinery, DC Motors and Generators

7.16.1.1 Motor Control, Motor Starters, Low-Voltage

7.16.1.2 Motor Control, Motor Starters, Medium-Voltage

7.16.2.1 Motor Control, Motor Control Centers, Low-Voltage

7.16.2.2 Motor Control, Motor Control Centers, Medium-Voltage

7.17 Adjustable-Speed Drive Systems

7.18.1.1 Direct-Current Systems, Batteries, Flooded Lead-Acid

7.18.1.2 Direct-Current Systems, Batteries, Vented Nickel-Cadmium

7.18.1.3 Direct Current Systems, Batteries, Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid

7.18.2 Direct-Current Systems, Chargers

7.18.3 Direct-Current Systems, Rectifiers – Reserved

7.19.1 Surge Arresters, Low-Voltage Surge Protection Devices

7.19.2 Surge Arresters, Medium- and High-Voltage Surge Protection Devices

7.20.1 Capacitors and Reactors, Capacitors

7.20.2 Capacitors and Reactors, Capacitor Control Devices – Reserved

7.20.3.1 Capacitors and Reactors, Reactors (Shunt and Current-Limiting), Dry-Type

7.20.3.2 Capacitors and Reactors, Reactors (Shunt and Current-Limiting), Liquid-Filled .. 189

7.20.4 Resistors…………………………………………………………………………… 193

7.21 Outdoor Bus Structures

7.22.1 Emergency Systems, Engine Generator

7.22.2 Emergency Systems, Uninterruptible Power Systems

7.22.3 Emergency Systems, Automatic Transfer Switches

7.23 Communications – Reserved

7.24.1 Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Line Sectionalizers, Automatic Circuit Reclosers, Oil/Vacuum

7.24.2 Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Line Sectionalizers

Automatic Line Sectionalizers, Oil

7.25 Fiber-Optic Cables

7.26 Electric Vehicle Charging System ………………………

8. SYSTEM FUNCTION TESTS

9. THERMOGRAPHIC SURVEY

10. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD SURVEY

11. ONLINE PARTIAL DISCHARGE SURVEY FOR SWITCHGEAR

TABLES

100.1 Insulation Resistance Test Values, Electrical Apparatus and Systems Other Than Rotating

Machinery

100.2 Switchgear Withstand Test Voltages

TABLES (Continued)

100.3 Dissipation Factor/Power Factor at 20° C; Liquid-Filled Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors, Maintenance Test Values

100.4 Insulating Fluid Limits

100.4.1 Suggested Limits for Class I Insulating Oil, Mineral Oil

100.4.2 Suggested Limits for Less-Flammable Hydrocarbon Insulating Liquid

100.4.3 Suggested Limits for Service-Aged Silicone Insulating Liquid

100.4.4 Suggested Limits for Service-Aged Tetrachloroethylene Insulating Fluid

100.4.5 Suggested Limits for Triggering Prompt Additional Investigation for Service-Aged

Natural Ester Insulating Fluids Grouped by Voltage Class

100.5 Transformer Insulation Resistance, Maintenance Testing

100.6 Cables, Maintenance Test Values

100.6.1 Extruded Dielectric Shielded Power Cables Medium-

100.6.2 Laminated Dielectric Shielded Power Cable DC Test Voltages

100.6.3 Shielded Power Cable VLF (0.1 Hz) Test Voltages

100.6.4 Shielded Power Cables DAC Test Voltages for Offline PD Tests

100.6.5 Shielded Power Cable AC (20 Hz-300 Hz) Test Voltages

100.6.6 VLF Tan Delta (TD) MV/HV Cable Test Voltages

100.6.7.1 Evaluation of Tan Delta Test Results XLPE Cable

100.6.7.2 Evaluation of Tan Delta Test Results EPR Cable

100.7 Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Inverse Time Trip Test

100.8 Instantaneous Trip Tolerances for Field Testing of Circuit Breakers

100.9 Instrument Transformer Dielectric Tests, Field Maintenance

100.10 Maximum Allowable Vibration Amplitude

100.11 Insulation Resistance Test Values for Rotating Machinery for One Minute at 40° C

100.12 Bolt-Torque Values for Electrical Connections, US Standard Fasteners

100.12.1 Heat-Treated Steel – Cadmium or Zinc Plated

100.12.2 Silicon Bronze Fasteners, Torque (Pound-Feet)

100.12.3 Aluminum Alloy Fasteners, Torque (Pound-Feet)

100.12.4 Stainless Steel Fasteners, Torque (Pound-Feet)

100.13 SF6 Gas Test Limits

100.14 Insulation Resistance Conversion Factors

100.14.1 Insulation Resistance Conversion Factors (20° C)

100.14.2 Insulation Resistance Conversion Factors (40° C)

100.15 High-Potential Test Voltage for Automatic Circuit Reclosers

100.16 High-Potential Test Voltage for Periodic Test of Line Sectionalizers

100.17 Metal-Enclosed Bus Dielectric Withstand Test Voltages

100.18 Thermographic Survey, Suggested Actions Based on Temperature Rise

100.19 Dielectric Withstand Test Voltages for Electrical Apparatus Other than Inductive Equipment

100.20 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers

100.20.1 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers

100.20.1 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers (continued) Notes: 259

100.20.2 Rated Control Voltages and Their Ranges for Circuit Breakers, Solenoid-Operated Devices

100.21 Accuracy of IEC Class TP Current Transformers, Error Limit (WITHDRAWN)

100.22 Minimum Bending Radius for Medium Voltage Power Cables Single and Multiple Conductor

Minimum Bending Radius for Medium Voltage Power Cables Single and Multiple Conductor (continued)

100.23 Online Partial Discharge Survey for Switchgear

100.23.1 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (TEV)

100.23.2 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (HFCT)

100.23.3 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (UHF)

100.23.4 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (VIS)

100.23.5 Suggested Actions Based on Nature and Strength of Signal (contact/airborne acoustic)

APPENDICES

Appendix A – Definitions Appendix B – Frequency of Maintenance Tests Appendix C – Frequency of Power System Studies Appendix D – Circuit Reliability Considerations for Cable Maintenance Testing Appendix E – About the InterNational Electrical Testing Association Appendix F – Form for Comments Appendix G – Form for Proposals

1. GENERAL SCOPE

1.1 Maintenance Testing Specifications

1. These specifications incorporate comprehensive field tests and inspections to assess the suitability for continued service, condition of maintenance, and reliability of electrical power distribution equipment and systems.

2. The purpose of these specifications is to assure tested electrical equipment and systems are operational, are within applicable standards and manufacturer’s tolerances, and are suitable for continued service.

3. The work specified in these specifications may involve hazardous voltages, materials, operations, and equipment. These specifications do not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with their use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use of this specification.

3. QUALIFICATIONS OF TESTING ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL

3.1 Testing Organization

1. The testing organization shall be an independent, third-party entity which can function as an unbiased testing authority, professionally independent of the manufacturers, suppliers, and installers of equipment or systems being evaluated.

2. The testing organization shall be regularly engaged in the testing of electrical equipment devices, installations, and systems.

3. The testing organization shall use technicians who are regularly employed for testing services.

4. The testing organization shall submit appropriate documentation to demonstrate that it satisfactorily complies with these requirements.

3.2 Testing Personnel

1. Technicians performing these electrical tests and inspections shall be trained and experienced concerning the apparatus and systems being evaluated. These individuals shall be capable of conducting the tests in a safe manner and with complete knowledge of the hazards involved. They must evaluate the test data and make a judgment on the serviceability of the specific equipment.

2. Technicians shall be certified in accordance with ANSI/NETA ETT, Standard for Certification of Electrical Testing Technicians. Each on site crew leader shall hold a current certification, Level 3 or higher, in electrical testing.

4. DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY

4.1 The Owner’s Representative

The owner’s representative shall provide the testing organization with the following:

1. A short-circuit analysis, a coordination study, and a protective device setting sheet as described in Section 6.

2. A complete set of electrical plans and specifications, including all change orders.

3. Drawings and instruction manuals applicable to the scope of work.

4. An itemized description of equipment to be inspected and tested.

5. A determination of who shall provide a suitable and stable source of electrical power to each test site.

6. A determination of who shall perform certain preliminary low-voltage insulation-resistance, continuity, and low-voltage motor rotation tests prior to and in addition to tests specified herein.

7. Notification when equipment becomes available for maintenance tests. Work shall be coordinated to expedite project scheduling.

8. Site-specific hazard notification and safety training.

4.2 The Testing Organization

The testing organization shall provide the following:

1. All field technical services, tooling, equipment, instrumentation, and technical supervision to perform such tests and inspections.

2. Specific power requirements for test equipment.

3. Notification to the owner’s representative prior to commencement of any testing.

4. A timely notification of any system, material, or workmanship that is found deficient based on the results of the maintenance tests.

5. A written record of all tests and a final report.

5. GENERAL

5.1 Safety and Precautions

All parties involved must be cognizant of industry-standard safety procedures. This document does not contain any specific safety procedures. It is recognized that an overwhelming majority of the tests and inspections recommended in these specifications are potentially hazardous.

Individuals performing these tests shall be qualified and capable of conducting the tests in a safe manner and with complete knowledge of the hazards involved.

1. Safety practices shall include, but are not limited to, the following requirements:

1. All applicable provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, particularly OSHA 29 CFR 1910 and 29 CFR Part 1926.

2. NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace and CSA Z462, Workplace Electrical Safety.

3. Applicable state and local safety operating procedures.

4. Owner’s safety practices.

2. A safety lead person shall be identified prior to commencement of work.

3. A safety briefing shall be conducted prior to the commencement of work.

4. All tests shall be performed with the apparatus de-energized and temporary protective grounds applied except where otherwise specifically required to be ungrounded or energized for certain tests.

5. The testing organization shall have a designated safety representative on the project to supervise operations with respect to safety. This individual may be the same person described in 5.1.2.

5.2 Suitability of Test Equipment

1. All test equipment shall meet the requirements in Section 5.3 and be in good mechanical and electrical condition.

2. Field test metering used to check power system meter calibration must be more accurate than the instrument being tested.

3. Accuracy of metering in test equipment shall be appropriate for the test being performed.

4. Waveshape and frequency of test equipment output waveforms shall be appropriate for the test and the tested equipment.

5.3 Test Instrument Calibration

1. The testing organization shall have a calibration program which assures that all applicable test instruments are maintained within rated accuracy for each test instrument calibrated.

2. The firm providing calibration service shall maintain up-to-date instrument calibration instructions and procedures for each test instrument calibrated.

3. The accuracy shall be directly traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or ISO/IEC 17025, General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories.

4. All test instruments shall be calibrated within 12 months of the date of test.

5. Dated calibration labels shall be visible on all test equipment.

6. Records, which show date and results of instruments calibrated or tested, must be kept up-to-date.

7. Calibrating standard shall be of higher accuracy than that of the instrument tested.

5.4 Test Report

1. The test report shall include the following:

1. Summary of project.

2. Description of equipment tested.

3. Description of tests.

4. Device settings.

5. Inspection and test data.

6. Analysis and recommendations.

2. Test data records shall include the following minimum requirements:

1. Identification of the testing organization.

2. Equipment identification.

3. Nameplate data.

4. Conditions that may affect the results of the tests/calibrations such as humidity, temperature, and other conditions.

5. Date of inspections, tests, maintenance, and/or calibrations.

6. Identification of the testing technician.

7. Indication of inspections, tests, maintenance, and/or calibrations to be performed and recorded.

8. Indication of expected results when calibrations are to be performed.

9. Indication of as-found and as-left results.

10. Sufficient spaces to allow all results and comments to be indicated.

3. The testing organization shall furnish a copy or copies of the complete project report as specified in the maintenance testing contract.

5.5 Test Decal

1. The testing organization shall affix a test decal on the exterior of equipment or equipment enclosure of protective devices after performing electrical tests.

2. The test decal shall be color-coded to communicate the condition of maintenance for the protective device. Color scheme for condition of maintenance of overcurrent protective device shall be:

1. White: electrically and mechanically acceptable.

2. Yellow: minor deficiency not affecting fault detection and operation, but minor electrical or mechanical condition exists.

3. Red: deficiency exists affecting performance, not suitable for service.

3. The decal shall include:

1. Testing organization.

2. Project identifier.

3. Test date.

4. Technician identifier.

7. INSPECTION AND TEST PROCEDURES

7.1 Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies

* Optional

A. Visual and Mechanical Inspection

1. Inspect physical, electrical, and mechanical condition.

2. Inspect anchorage, alignment, grounding, and required area clearances.

*3. Prior to cleaning the unit, perform as-found tests.

4. Clean the unit.

5. Verify that fuse and/or circuit breaker sizes and types correspond to drawings and coordination study as well as to the circuit breaker address for microprocessor-communication packages.

6. Verify that current and voltage transformer ratios correspond to drawings.

7. Verify that wiring connections are tight and that wiring is secure to prevent damage during routine operation of moving parts.

8. Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one or more of the following:

1. Use of a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.1.B.1.

2. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torque-wrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or Table 100.12.

3. Perform a thermographic survey in accordance with Section 9.

9. Confirm correct operation and sequencing of electrical and mechanical interlock systems.

1. Attempt closure on locked-open devices. Attempt to open locked-closed devices.

2. Make key exchange with all devices included in the interlock scheme as applicable.

10. Use appropriate lubrication on moving current-carrying parts and on moving and sliding surfaces.

11. Inspect insulators for evidence of physical damage or contaminated surfaces.

12. Verify correct barrier and shutter installation and operation.

13. Exercise all active components.

14. Inspect mechanical indicating devices for correct operation.

7.1 Switchgear and Switchboard Assemblies (continued)

15. Verify that filters are in place, filters are clean and free from debris, and vents are clear

16. Perform visual and mechanical inspection of instrument transformers in accordance with Section 7.10.

17. Perform visual and mechanical inspection of surge arresters in accordance with Section 7.19.

18. Inspect control power transformers.

1. Inspect for physical damage, cracked insulation, broken leads, tightness of connections, defective wiring, and overall general condition.

2. Verify that primary and secondary fuse or circuit breaker ratings match drawings.

3. Verify correct functioning of drawout disconnecting contacts, grounding contacts, and interlocks.

19. Perform as-left tests.

B. Electrical Tests

1. Perform resistance measurements through bolted electrical connections with a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.1.A.8.1.

2. Perform insulation-resistance tests for one minute on each bus section, phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground. Apply voltage in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.1.

*3. Perform a dielectric withstand voltage test on each bus section, each phase-to-ground with phases not under test grounded, in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.2. The test voltage shall be applied for one minute. Refer to Section 7.1.3 before performing test.

*4. Perform insulation-resistance tests on control wiring with respect to ground. The applied potential shall be 500 volts dc for 300-volt rated cable and 1000 volts dc for 600-volt rated cable. Test duration shall be one minute. For units with solid-state components or control devices that cannot tolerate the applied voltage, follow manufacturer’s recommendation.

5. Perform electrical tests on instrument transformers in accordance with Section 7.10.

6. Perform ground-resistance tests in accordance with Section 7.13.

7. Test metering devices in accordance with Section 7.11.

8. Control Power Transformers.

1. Perform insulation-resistance tests. Perform measurements from winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Test voltages shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.1.

2. Verify correct function of control transfer relays located in switchgear with multiple power sources.

9. Verify operation of switchgear/switchboard heaters and their controller.

10. Perform electrical tests of surge arresters in accordance with Section 7.19.

*11. Perform online partial-discharge survey in accordance with Section 11.

12. Perform system function tests in accordance with Section 8.

C. Test Values – Visual and Mechanical

1. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value. (7.1.A.8.1)

2. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.12. (7.1.A.8.2)

3. Results of the thermographic survey shall be in accordance with Section 9. (7.1.A.8.3)

D. Test Values – Electrical

1. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value.

2. Insulation-resistance values of bus insulation should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.1. Values of insulation resistance less than this table or manufacturer’s recommendations should be investigated. Dielectric withstand voltage tests should not proceed until insulation-resistance levels are raised above minimum values.

3. If no evidence of distress or insulation failure is observed by the end of the total time of voltage application during the dielectric withstand test, the test specimen is considered to have passed the test.

4. Minimum insulation-resistance values of control wiring should be comparable to previously obtained results but not less than two megohms.

5. Results of electrical tests on instrument transformers should be in accordance with Section 7.10.

6. Results of ground resistance tests should be in accordance with Section 7.13.

7. Accuracy of metering devices should be in accordance with Section 7.11.

8. Control Power Transformers

1. Insulation-resistance values of control power transformers should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Values of insulation resistance less than this table or manufacturer’s recommendations should be investigated.

2. Control transfer relays should perform as designed.

9. Heaters should be operational.

10. Results of electrical tests on surge arresters shall be in accordance with Section 7.19.

11. Results of online partial-discharge survey should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, refer to Table 100.23.

12. Results of system function tests shall be in accordance with Section 8.

7.2.1.1 Transformers, Dry Type, Air-Cooled, Low-Voltage, Small

NOTE: This category consists of power transformers with windings rated 600 volts or less and sizes equal to or less than 167 kVA single-phase or 500 kVA three-phase.

A. Visual and Mechanical Inspection

1. Inspect physical and mechanical condition.

2. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding.

*3. Prior to cleaning the unit, perform as-found tests.

4. Clean the unit.

5. Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one or more of the following:

1. Use of a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.2.1.1.B.1.

2. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torque-wrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or Table 100.12.

3. Perform a thermographic survey in accordance with Section 9.

6. Perform as-left tests.

7. Verify that as-left tap connections are as specified.

B. Electrical Tests

1. Perform resistance measurements through bolted connections with a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.2.1.1.A.5.1.

2. Perform insulation-resistance tests winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Apply voltage in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Calculate the dielectric absorption ratio or polarization index.

*3. Perform turns-ratio tests at the designated tap position.

7.2.1.1 Transformers, Dry Type, Air-Cooled, Low-Voltage, Small (continued)

C. Test Values – Visual and Mechanical

1. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value. (7.2.1.1.A.5.1)

2. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.12. (7.2.1.1.A.5.2)

3. Results of the thermographic survey shall be in accordance with Section 9. (7.2.1.1.A.5.3)

4. Tap connections are left as found unless otherwise specified. (7.2.1.1.A.7)

D. Test Values – Electrical

1. Compare bolted electrical connection resistances to values of similar connections.

Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value.

2. Minimum insulation-resistance values of transformer insulation should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Values of insulation resistance less than this table or manufacturer’s recommendations should be investigated. The dielectric absorption ratio or polarization index shall be compared to previously obtained results and should not be less than 1.0.

3. Turns-ratio test results should not deviate more than one-half percent from either the adjacent coils or the calculated ratio.

7.2.1.2 Transformers, Dry Type, Air-Cooled, Large

NOTE: This category consists of power transformers with windings rated higher than 600 volts and low-voltage transformers larger than 167 kVA single-phase or 500 kVA three-phase.

A. Visual and Mechanical Inspection

1. Inspect physical and mechanical condition.

2. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding.

*3. Prior to cleaning the unit, perform as-found tests.

4. Clean the unit.

*5. Verify that control and alarm settings on temperature indicators are as specified.

6. Verify that cooling fans operate correctly.

7. Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one or more of the following:

1. Use of a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.2.1.2.B.1.

2. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torque-wrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or Table 100.12.

3. Perform a thermographic survey in accordance with Section 9.

8. Perform specific inspections and mechanical tests as recommended by the manufacturer.

9. Perform as-left tests.

10. Verify that as-left tap connections are as specified.

11. Verify the presence of surge arresters.

7.2.1.2 Transformers, Dry Type, Air-Cooled, Large (continued)

B. Electrical Tests

1. Perform resistance measurements through bolted connections with a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.2.1.2.A.7.1.

2. Perform insulation-resistance tests winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Apply voltage in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Calculate the dielectric absorption ratio and polarization index.

3. Perform insulation power-factor or dissipation-factor tests on all windings in accordance with the test equipment manufacturer’s published data.

*4. Perform a power-factor or dissipation-factor tip-up test on windings rated greater than 2.5 kV.

5. Perform turns-ratio tests at the designated tap position.

6. Perform an excitation-current test on each phase.

*7. Measure the resistance of each winding at the designated tap position. The test current should not exceed 10% of rated current.

8. Measure core insulation resistance at 500 volts dc if the core is insulated and the core ground strap is removable.

*9. Perform an applied voltage test on all high- and low-voltage windings-to-ground. See IEEE C57.12.91, Sections 10.2 and 10.3.

10. Verify correct secondary voltage phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral after energization and prior to loading.

11. Test surge arresters in accordance with Section 7.19.

*12. Perform online partial-discharge survey on winding rated higher than 1000 volts in accordance with Section 11.

C. Test Values – Visual and Mechanical

1. Control and alarm settings on temperature indicators should operate within manufacturer’s recommendations for specified settings. (7.2.1.2.A.5)

2. Cooling fans should operate. (7.2.1.2.A.6)

3. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value. (7.2.1.2.A.7.1)

4. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.12. (7.2.1.2.A.7.2)

5. Results of the thermographic survey shall be in accordance with Section 9. (7.2.1.2.A.7.3)

6. Tap connections shall be left as found unless otherwise specified. (7.2.1.2.A.10)

D. Test Values – Electrical

1. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value.

2. Minimum insulation-resistance values of transformer insulation should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Values of insulation resistance less than this table or manufacturer’s recommendations should be investigated. The dielectric absorption ratio and polarization index shall be compared to previously obtained results and should not be less than 1.0.

3. The following values are typical for insulation power-factor tests:

1. CHL Power transformers: 2.0 percent or less.

2. CHL Distribution transformers: 5.0 percent or less.

3. CH and CL Power-factor or dissipation-factor values will vary due to support insulators and bus work utilized on dry transformers. Consult transformer manufacturer’s or test equipment manufacturer’s data for additional information.

4. Power-factor or dissipation-factor tip-up exceeding 1.0 percent should be investigated.

5. Turns-ratio test results should not deviate more than one-half percent from either the adjacent coils or the calculated ratio.

6. The typical excitation current test data pattern for a three-legged core transformer is two similar current readings and one lower current reading. The test should produce a pattern typical for the specific transformer type and configuration.

7. Temperature corrected winding-resistance values should not deviate more than two percent from previously obtained results. Consult the manufacturer if winding-resistance values vary by more than two percent from measurements of adjacent phases.

8. Core insulation-resistance values should be comparable to previously-obtained results but not less than one megohm at 500 volts dc.

9. AC dielectric withstand test voltage shall not exceed 65 percent of factory acceptance test voltage for one minute duration. DC dielectric withstand test voltage shall not exceed 100 percent of the ac rms test voltage specified in IEEE C57.12.91, Section 10.2 for one minute duration. If no evidence of distress or insulation failure is observed by the end of the total time of voltage application during the dielectric withstand voltage test, the test specimen is considered to have passed the test.

10. Phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral secondary voltages should be in agreement with nameplate data.

11. Test results for surge arresters shall be in accordance with Section 7.19.

12. Results of online partial-discharge survey should be in accordance with manufacturer’s

7.2.2 Transformers, Liquid-Filled

A. Visual and Mechanical Inspection

1. Inspect physical and mechanical condition.

2. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding.

3. Verify the presence of PCB labeling.

*4. Prior to cleaning the unit, perform as-found tests.

5. Clean bushings and control cabinets.

6. Verify operation of alarm, control, and trip circuits from temperature and level indicators, pressure-relief device, gas accumulator, and fault-pressure relay.

7. Verify that cooling fans and pumps operate correctly.

8. Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one or more of the following:

1. Use of a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.2.2.B.1.

2. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torque-wrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or Table 100.12.

3. Perform a thermographic survey in accordance with Section 9.

9. Verify correct liquid level in tanks and bushings.

10. Verify that positive pressure is maintained on gas-blanketed transformers.

11. Perform inspections and mechanical tests as recommended by the manufacturer.

12. Test load tap-changer in accordance with Section 7.12.

13. Verify the presence of transformer surge arresters.

14. Perform as-left tests.

15. Verify de-energized tap-changer position is left as specified.

B. Electrical Tests

1. Perform resistance measurements through bolted connections with a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.2.2.A.8.1.

7.2.2 Transformers, Liquid-Filled (continued)

2. Perform insulation-resistance tests, winding-to-winding and each winding-to-ground. Apply voltage in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Calculate the dielectric absorption ratio and polarization index.

3. Perform turns-ratio tests at the designated tap position.

4. Perform insulation power-factor or dissipation-factor tests on all windings in accordance with test equipment manufacturer’s published data.

5. Perform power-factor or dissipation-factor tests on each bushing equipped with a power-factor/ capacitance tap. In the absence of a power-factor/capacitance tap, perform hot-collar tests. These tests shall be in accordance with the test equipment manufacturer’s published data.

6. Perform excitation-current tests in accordance with the test equipment manufacturer’s published data.

*7. Perform sweep frequency response analysis tests.

8. Measure the resistance of each winding at the designated tap position.

*9. Perform dynamic resistance measurement for load tap changer.

*10. Perform leakage reactance three phase equivalent and per phase tests.

*11. If the core ground strap is accessible, remove and measure the core insulation resistance at 500 volts dc.

*12. Measure the percentage of oxygen in the gas blanket.

*13. Perform dielectric frequency response test in accordance with test equipment manufacturer's published data.

14. Remove a sample of insulating liquid in accordance with ASTM D923. The sample shall be tested for the following.

1. Dielectric-breakdown voltage: ASTM D1816

2. Acid neutralization number: ASTM D974

*3. Specific gravity: ASTM D1298

4. Interfacial tension: ASTM D971

5. Color: ASTM D1500

6. Visual condition: ASTM D1524

7. Water in insulating liquids: ASTM D1533

*8. Measure power factor or dissipation factor in accordance with ASTM D924

15. Remove a sample of insulating liquid in accordance with ASTM D3613 and perform dissolved-gas analysis (DGA) in accordance with IEEE C57.104 or ASTM D3612.

16. Test the instrument transformers in accordance with Section 7.10.

17. Test the surge arresters in accordance with Section 7.19.

18. Test the transformer neutral grounding impedance devices.

19. Verify operation of cubicle or air terminal compartment space heaters.

C. Test Values – Visual and Mechanical

1. Alarm, control, and trip circuits from temperature and level indicators as well as pressure relief device and fault pressure relay should operate within manufacturer’s recommendations for their specified settings. (7.2.2.A.6)

2. Cooling fans and pumps should operate. (7.2.2.A.7)

3. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value. (7.2.2.A.8.1)

4. Bolt-torque levels should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.12. (7.2.2.A.8.2)

5. Results of the thermographic survey shall be in accordance with Section 9. (7.2.2.A.8.3)

6. Liquid levels in the transformer tanks and bushings should be within indicated tolerances.

(7.2.2.A.9)

7. Positive pressure should be indicated on pressure gauge for gas-blanketed transformers.

(7.2.2.A.10)

D. Test Values – Electrical

1. Compare bolted connection resistance values to values of similar connections. Investigate values which deviate from those of similar bolted connections by more than 50 percent of the lowest value.

2. Minimum insulation-resistance values of transformer insulation should be in accordance with manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.5. Values of insulation resistance less than this table or manufacturer’s recommendations should be investigated. The polarization index shall be compared to previously obtained results and should not be less than 1.0.

3. Turns-ratio test results should not deviate by more than one-half percent from either the adjacent coils or the calculated ratio.

4. Maximum power-factor/dissipation-factor values of liquid-filled transformers corrected to 20° C should be in accordance with the transformer manufacturer’s published data. In the absence of manufacturer’s published data, use Table 100.3. Distribution transformer power factor results shall compare to previously obtained results.

5. Investigate bushing power-factor values that vary from nameplate values by more than 50 percent. Investigate bushing capacitance values that vary from nameplate values by more than five percent. Investigate bushing hot-collar test values that exceed 0.1 Watts.

6. Typical excitation-current test data pattern for a three-legged core transformer is two similar current readings and one lower current reading. The tests should produce a pattern typical for the specific transformer type and configuration.

7. Sweep frequency response analysis test results should compare to factory acceptance and previous test results.

8. Temperature corrected winding-resistance values should not deviate more than two percent of previously obtained results. Consult the manufacturer if winding-resistance values vary by more than two percent from measurements of adjacent phases.

9. Dynamic resistance measurement results should compare to factory acceptance and previous test results.

10. Investigate leakage reactance three-phase equivalent test results that deviate from the nameplate by more than 3%. The per phase test results serve as a benchmark for future tests and should not deviate from the average of the three readings by more than 3%.

11. Core insulation values should be comparable to previously obtained results but not less than one megohm at 500 volts dc.

12. Investigate the presence of oxygen in the nitrogen gas blanket.

13. Dielectric frequency response analysis should compare to factory acceptance and previous test results.

14. Insulating liquid values should be in accordance with Table 100.4.

15. Evaluate results of dissolved-gas analysis in accordance with IEEE C57.104.

16. Results of electrical tests on instrument transformers shall be in accordance with Section 7.10.

17. Results of surge arrester tests shall be in accordance with Section 7.19.

18. Compare grounding impedance device values to previously obtained results. In the absence of previously obtained values, compare obtained values to manufacturer’s published data.

19. Heaters should be operational.

7.4 Metal-Enclosed Busways, Low- and Medium-Voltage

A. Visual and Mechanical Inspection

1. Inspect physical and mechanical condition.

2. Inspect anchorage, alignment, and grounding.

3. Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance using one or more of the following:

1. Use of a low-resistance ohmmeter in accordance with Section 7.4.B.1.

2. Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections and bus joints by calibrated torque-wrench method in accordance with manufacturer’s published data or Table 100.12.

3. Perform a thermographic survey in accordance with Section 9.

4. Confirm physical orientation in accordance with manufacturer’s labels to ensure adequate cooling.

5. Verify weep or drain plugs are in accordance with manufacturer’s published data.

6. Verify correct installation of joint shield.

7. Inspect and…