Selection_of_Proposed_Relocation_Sites_(1).pdf

IQC 391 – I – 11 – 00003

AID – 391 – 14 – 00001

SELECTION OF PROPOSED RELOCATION SITES

Data Collection, Review and Preparation of International Tender document for the Diamer Bhasha Dam Project

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Disclaimer:

This Project is made possible by the support of the American people through the United

States Agency for International Development (USAID). The opinion expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, A. A. Associates or

Techno-Consult International.

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Data Collection, Review and Preparation of International Tender document for the Diamer Bhasha Dam Project

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Data Collection, Review and Preparation of

International Tender Document for the Diamer Basha Dam Project

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL/CULTURAL IMPACT REVIEW

OF THE PROJECT ACTIVITIES

SELECTION OF PROPOSED RELOCATION SITES

Prepared by : Kashif Masood

Revised by : Kashif Masood Izhar Ul Haq

Approved by : Azher Uddin Khan

SELECTION OF PROPOSED RELOCATION SITES

Data Collection, Review and Preparation of International Tender document for the Diamer Bhasha Dam Project

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Data Collection, Review and Preparation of

International Tender Document for the Diamer Basha Dam Project

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL/CULTURAL IMPACT REVIEW

OF THE PROJECT ACTIVITIES

SELECTION OF PROPOSED RELOCATION SITES

Table of Content

Abbreviations and Acronyms

1.0 GENERAL

2.0 PROJECT BRIEF

2.1 SALIENT PROJECT FEATURES

2.2 MAIN BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

3.0 UPDATED STATUS OF PROJECT PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

4.0 ALREADY CONDUCTED MAIN STUDIES AND REPORTS

5.0 REVIEW METHODOLOGY

6.0 SELECTION OF PROPOSED RELOCATION SITES

6.1 SETTLEMENTS AND DEMOGRAPHY

6.1.1 SETTLEMENTS

6.1.2 ATTITUDE OF HOSTS TOWARDS RESETTLERS

6.1.3 DEMOGRAPHY

6.1.4 TRIBAL AFFILIATIONS

6.1.5 RELIGION AND INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP

6.2 OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYMENT

6.2.1 OCCUPATIONAL STATUS OF AFFECTED PEOPLES

6.2.2 SUBSISTENCE FARMING AND AGRICULTURAL OCCUPATIONS

6.2.3 LIVESTOCK AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

6.2.4 FISHERY OCCUPATIONS

6.2.5 CONSTRUCTION AND COTTAGE INDUSTRIES

6.2.6 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES

6.2.7 GOVERNMENTAL JOBS

6.2.8 FEMALE LABOR

6.2.9 CHILD LABOR

6.3 RESETTLEMENT / RELOCATION OF PAPS AND PHASED STRATEGY

6.4 OPTIONS FOR RELOCATION OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS AND SETTLEMENTS

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A. OPTION 1 - OPTEES FOR RELOCATION TO MODEL VILLAGES

B. OPTION 2 - OPTEES FOR RELOCATION TO UPPER VALLEYS

C. OPTION 3 - OPTEES FOR SELF RELOCATION TO PLACES OF OWN CHOICE

6.5 BASIC CRITERIA FOR RELOCATION TO MODEL VILLAGES

6.6 SELECTION OF LOCATIONS FOR MODEL VILLAGES

6.6.1 A. INVENTORY OF LAND

6.6.2 B. IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE RESETTLEMENT AREAS

6.7 PROPOSED LOCATIONS OF MODEL VILLAGES

6.8 PLANNING OF MODEL VILLAGES

6.8.1 DEVELOPMENT OF OWNERSHIP PSYCHE

6.8.2 SOCIAL DISTURBANCE BY ALIENS

7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNEXURES

01. Location Map

02. Location Plan of Model Villages

LIST OF TABLES

01. Diamer Basha Dam Project: Current Status of Land Acquisition (12.2013)

02. Tribal Structure in Potentially Affected Project Area

03. Occupational Status of Affected Households in Project Area

04. Comparative Major Job Opportunities on the Right and Left Bank of Project Affected Areas

05. Proposed Locations of Model Villages For Resettlement Of Affectees

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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ADB Asian Development Bank

BCM Billion Cubic Meters

DBC Diamer Basha Consultants

DBDP Diamer Basha Dam Project

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

FRL Full Reservoir Level

FWO Frontier Works Organization

GB Gilgit-Baltistan

GWh Giga Watt Hour

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

IFIs International Financing Institutions

KPK Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa

KKH Karakorum Highway

LARDP Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Development Plan

MASL Meters above Mean Sea Level

MAF Million Acre Foot

MOL Minimum Operating Level (of Reservoir)

MCR Maximum Continuous Rating

MVA mega volt ampere

MW Mega Watt

NA Northern Area

NAA Northern Area Administration

NADP Northern Areas Development Project

NADRA National Data Base Registration Authority

NDC National Development Consultants

NEAC NESPAK – ACE Joint Venture Consultants

NGO Non Government Organization

NHA National Highway Authority

PAPs Project Affected People

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PMF Probable Maximum Flood

PRO Project Resettlement Organization

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RCC Roller Compacted Concrete

RP Resettlement Plan

RPM Revolutions Per Minute

STDs Sexually Transmitted Dieses

TOR Terms of Reference

WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority

WB World Bank

WCD World Commission on Dams

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1.0 GENERAL

USAID-Pakistan has entrusted, under a consultancy contract, the Contractor to carry out a Study “Data and Information Collection and Review and International Tender

Preparation for the Diamer Basha Dam Project Studies”, with explicit Terms of

Reference (TOR).

One important part of the Main Study is “Environmental and Social/Cultural Impact

Review of the Project Activities”. The objective of this part of the Study, in accordance with USAID, is to serve as input to an international Terms of Reference, prepared by USAID, for the environmental and social/cultural impact assessment of the Diamer Basha Dam Project (hereinafter called DBDP or the Project). The main scope of this part of the Study is summarized as follows:

a) Collection, review, validation, gap analysis and assessing conformity to the latest applicable requirements of The World Bank (WB), Asian Development

Bank (ADB), World Commission on Dams (WCD) and other relevant international and local agencies, of the existing studies, reports and plans of the Project, with particular emphasis on issues included in the Employer’s

TOR, with the assistance, in form of interviews and meetings with WAPDA officials and others concerned, where required

b) All the review and analysis to be based upon information available from secondary sources, with no need for collection of any field information

c) Providing a bibliography with a short summary of each document collected

This Component Environmental Review Report “Selection of Proposed Relocation

Sites” is part of “Environmental and Social/Cultural Impact Review of the Project

Activities”, which thereupon forms part of the Main Study Report.

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2.0 PROJECT BRIEF

2.1 SALIENT PROJECT FEATURES

Concerned Authorities

Sponsored By Government of Pakistan

Execution WAPDA

Operation and Maintenance WAPDA

Concerned Federal Ministry Ministry of Water and Power

River Indus

Location of Dam on River Indus About 315 km upstream of Tarbela Dam

About 82 km upstream of Dasu Town

About 40 km downstream of Chilas Town

About 180 km downstream of Gilgit Town

Hydrology

Catchment Area 153,200 km2

River Discharge (Mean Annual) 62 billion m3

Estimated Sediments Load (Mean Annual) 196 million tons

Flood Assessment

Diversion Flood (1 in 100 years) 14,330 m3/s

Basic Design Flood-1 (1 in 10000 years) 20,200 m3/s

Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) 49,410 m3/s

Main Dam

Type Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC)

Maximum Height above Rock Foundation 272 m

Flow Diversion System

Diversion Tunnels (Right Side) 2 Numbers

Diversion Channel (Right Side) 1 Number

Upstream & Downstream Cofferdams

Upstream Cofferdam Level 977.5 MASL

Downstream Cofferdam Level 973.0 MASL

Main Spillway

Crest Level 1145.5 MASL

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Numbers of Gates 14

Size of Gates 11.5 m x 16.24 m

Flow Capacity 18,128 m3/s at FRL of 1160 MASL

Reservoir

Crest Level 1170 MASL

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 1160 MASL

Minimum Operating Level (MOL) 1060 MASL

Gross Storage 10.0 BCM (8.1 MAF)

Live Storage 7.9 BCM (6.4 MAF)

Length of Reservoir at FRL 93.50 km (Up to RAIKOT Bridge on KKH)

Length of Reservoir at MOL 68.61 km

Reservoir Area at FRL 115.13 km2

Reservoir Area at MOL 47.61 km2

Outlets in Dam Body

Low Level 2

Flushing 5

Flushing Tunnels

Right Bank 1 (By Conversion of 1 Diversion Tunnel)

Left Bank 1 (Underneath the Power Intake)

Powerhouse(s)

Type Underground

Location One each on Right and Left Side

Total Installed Capacity 4500 MW (2 x 2250 MW)

Numbers of Units 12 (6 x 375 MW in each Powerhouse)

Design Discharge of Each Powerhouse 1,481 m3/s

Turbines

Type FRANCIS (Vertical Shafts)

Design Net Head 170.5 m

Maximum & Minimum Operating Net

Heads

204.2 m & 100.5 m

Reservoir Water Level for Design Head 1130 MASL

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Unit Discharge at Design Head 246.8 m3/s

Synchronous Speed 166.67 RPM

Tail Water Level

Minimum 947 MASL

@ Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) 970 MASL

Generators

Type Semi umbrella type

Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) 416 MVA

Rated Power Factor 0.9

Generation Voltage 21 kV

Rated Frequency 50 Hz

Output at Generator Terminal 375 MW

Generator Step-Up Transformers

Number of Units 2 x 3 x 6

Number of Spare Units 2

Type Single Phase

Type of Cooling OFWF

Rated Primary Voltage 21 kV

Rated Secondary Voltage 765 kV

Rated Frequency 50 Hz

Average Annual Electricity Generation

At Diamer Basha Dam 18,097 GWh

Additional at Tarbela Dam 1,111 GWh

Total 19,208 GWh

Land Acquisition for All Purposes [1]

Total 37,419 acres

Distribution by Existing Land Use

Areas under Housing including

Infrastructure

72 acres (0.19 %)

Area under Commercial Objects 24 acres (0.06 %)

Cultivated/Agricultural Lands 3,013 acres (8.05 %)

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Uncultivated, Cultivable Lands 2,611 acres (7.0 %)

Barren Lands & Pastures 12,637 acres (33.8 %)

Areas under River, Streams, Rocks 19,062 acres (50.9 %)

Distribution by Project Components

Dam & Appurtenant Structures 1,802 acres (4.8 %)

Reservoir (up-to 1170 MASL) 30,374 acres (81.2 %)

Others (Outside 1170 MASL Zone) 5,243 acres (14.0 %)

Distribution by Geographical Units

Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) 35,991 acres (96.2 %)

Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) 1,428 acres (3.8 %)

Distribution by Ownership

Private Lands 18,357 acres (49 %)

Government Lands 19,062 acres (51 %)

Environmental Aspects [2]

Numbers of Villages Affected 32

Numbers of Households Affected 4,228

Estimated Affected Population 30,350

Prehistoric Rock Carvings 33,000

Karakorum Highway (KKH)

Submerged Length 100 km

Length to be Relocated 140 km

Sources:

[1] Monthly Report No 2 (November, 2013) by Diamer Basha Consultants (DBC), aided with certain written communications from WAPDA

[2] Project Brief provided by WAPDA (Status updated to 11.2013)

Remaining Information: EIA Report (Improved Draft): 2010: Volume II: Annex C-1

2.2 MAIN BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

a) Availability of about 6.4 MAF (Reservoir Live Storage) of annual surface water, for supplementing irrigation water supplies to Pakistan

b) Providing about 18,100 GWh of electric energy per annum, from its installed capacity of 4,500 MW, as well as enabling about 1,110 GWh of additional

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c) Increase in useful life of the downstream Tarbela reservoir, by about 35 years, as well as of the future downstream reservoirs, by trapping large amount of sediment

d) Alleviation of the flood damages of the Indus River, particularly in the reach from Kalabagh to Guddu Barrage

e) Significant improvement in the socio-economic conditions of the otherwise backward areas and people, in the vicinity of the Project

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3.0 UPDATED STATUS OF PROJECT PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

Many pre-requisite activities, in respect of the Project, are presently in progress, with their current status as follows:

a) Land Acquisition: The process of acquisition of land (both government and private), for the Project, was started, in accordance with the applicable local laws and procedures, in 2010. The process involves WAPDA and the respective governments of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa

(KPK). Table 1 presents the current status of land acquisition, as in December

2013.

Table 1

Diamer Basha Dam Project: Current Status of Land Acquisition (12.2013)

Geographical Unit Land Required Land Acquired/Transferred

(acres) (acres) (%)

Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) 35,991 18,997 53 %

Private Lands 17,918 1,783 10 %

Government Lands 18,073 17,214 95 %

Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa

(KPK)

1,428 162 11 %

Private Lands 439 162 37 %

Government Lands 989 0 0 %

Total/Overall 37,419 19,159 51 %

Source: Written communications from WAPDA

Land acquisition, for the Project, is expected to be completed by June, 2014, according to the WAPDA officials.

b) Project Colony: For the proposed Project Colony in Thor Valley, located about

14 km upstream of the Dam Site, for accommodating the administrative and construction supervision staff of WAPDA and Consultants, 12 out of the total

16 construction contract packages, have already been awarded and

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Page 14 of 35 AAA-TCI respective works are in progress. The progress of works varies from contract to contract; however, the overall achieved progress to-date is about 55%, according to WAPDA.

c) WAPDA Office Building in Chilas: Construction of a WAPDA Office Building in

Chilas, for the Project, is almost complete, with to-date progress of about

96%, according to WAPDA.

d) Composite Model Village-II at Harpan Das: Three Composite Model Villages

(each comprising 3 villages), at Thak Das, Harpan Das and Kino Das, are proposed to be developed, complete with all the basic infrastructure facilities and amenities, for the resettlement of 4228 affected households. Each affected household shall be given a residential plot, of one kanal, free of cost.

This provision is in addition to the due compensation for their lands and assets, acquired for the Project.

The construction works for Composite Model Village–II (Harpan Das) has already been started. The works are planned through 6 construction contract packages, out of which 2 contracts have been awarded and are under execution. Overall progress, of the awarded contracts, is of the order of 5%.

e) Shatial-Thor Bypass on Karakorum Highway (KKH): It is planned that during construction of the Project, the existing KKH, in the vicinity of the main dam, shall be used for construction activities, while a Bypass on KKH (35 km long), from Shatial to Thor Nullah, is being executed by NHA, as WAPDA deposit work, which will be utilized for uninterrupted flow of the common traffic.

Contract has been awarded and work is being executed at site, with a to-date progress of about 5%, according to WAPDA.

f) Upgrading of KKH from Havelian to the Dam Site: Karakorum Highway (KKH), designated as National Highway N-35 (806 km), starts from Hasanabdal and ends at Khunjrab Pass, while passing through Havelian, Abbottabad, Mansehra, Batgram, Thakot, Besham, Pattan, Dasu, Basha, Chilas, Raikot and

Gilgit. It has already been established that the upgrading of the existing KKH, from Havelian to Dam Site (about 324 km), is an essential prerequisite, for the Project, to account for the additional traffic flows, particularly arising from the transport of large quantities of construction goods, resulting from the Project activities.

In this regard, according to WAPDA, upgrading works have already been completed, by National Highway Authority (NHA), from Havelian to Thakot.

This also includes a new Thakot Bridge, on River Indus, completed in 2010, which was executed by NHA, as Deposit Work from WAPDA.

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The upgrading of the remaining portion of KKH, from Thahkot to Dam site, is planned to be executed by NHA, as Deposit Work from WAPDA.

g) Vocational Training Institute: As a prerequisite activity, for the Project, a

Vocational Training Institute has been established, by WAPDA, in Chilas city.

h) Bridge over Indus River downstream of Main Dam: A permanent access bridge over Indus River, downstream of Main Dam, for the contractor’s movement across the river, during the construction period and for the common public use later on, is part of the Project. Originally, this bridge was to be included in the regular construction contract package of the Project.

Now, WAPDA is planning to construct this bridge earlier as a prerequisite activity. Selection of the Consultant for procurement of the consultancy services for design, construction supervision and contract administration of this bridge is under process, according to WAPDA.

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4.0 ALREADY CONDUCTED MAIN STUDIES AND REPORTS

Following main studies, with particular reference to the environmental and social/cultural aspects, have already been carried out for the Project:

a) Feasibility Study (1984), by MONENCO (Montreal Engineering Company

Limited), in eleven volumes, containing Volume 11: Appendix G

“Environmental Considerations”

b) Feasibility Report (2002 – 2004), by NEAC Consultants (a joint-venture with lead role of NESPAK, Pakistan, comprising 2 foreign and 8 local companies), in twelve volumes, containing Volume 11 “EIA and Resettlement”

c) Review of Feasibility Report, Engineering Design, Tender

Drawings/Documents (2005 - 2008), by Diamer Basha Consultants (DBC, a joint-venture with lead role of Lahmeyer International GmbH, Germany and comprising National Development Consultants – NDC, Pakistan, 1 other foreign and 2 other local companies), with the following main outputs delivered:

- Design Report on Project Civil Works, in seven volumes

- Design Report on Project Machinery & Equipment

- Bidding Documents for the Project

After conclusion of the afore mentioned basic assignment in June 2008, the services of the DBC have continually been extended, by WAPDA, first through various addendums (from July 2008 to December 2012) and thereupon through retainer contracts (from January 2013 to March 2014), to provide follow-up and additional services. During this period, DBC has produced following two main documents, including annexes and appendices, related to the environment and resettlement aspects of the Project:

- Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report – 2010

- Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Development Plan (LARDP) – 2010

Improved Drafts, of the above two reports, with possibly some post-2010 modifications, have been provided by WAPDA.

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5.0 REVIEW METHODOLOGY

This review, with reference to the Selection of Proposed Relocation Sites for the

Project, and the associated impacts, is primarily concentrated on the LARDP Report.

Though, where required, for the purpose of internal analysis, other relevant Project documents, are also consulted and referred to.

Under the Project “Data and Information Collection and Review and International

Tender Preparation for the Diamer Basha Dam Project Studies” the Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Development Plan is reviewed under World Bank (WB) resettlement guidelines “OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement”.

The aforesaid review reveals that the Proposed Relocation Sites for the Project were initially developed according to the National Legal Framework and further it was upgraded in accordance with the Operational Directives of IFIs with particular focus on guidelines, operational manuals and social safeguards of ADB. However, it shall be noted that the guidelines of ADB are not much different from those of the World

Bank or International Finance Corporation (IFC).

A summary of the selection of proposed relocation sites, in this regard, is presented in Section 6.

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6.0 SELECTION OF PROPOSED RELOCATION SITES

Review of the project documents reveal that the selection of proposed relocation sites has been developed with due considerations to the relevant policy aspects, keeping in view the future sustainability of proposed resettlement locations in terms of availability of land resources, water resources, and acceptance of the affected population. Various alternatives had been considered and due weightage was given to the aspirations of the PAPs for the location of Model Villages.

The TOR for this component report requires answers to the following questions:

1. Discussing how the relocation site was selected (See Section 6.3, 6.4, 6.5 &

6.6)

2. Describing tribal and other ethnic composition of the population currently living, farming, or having other economic activities in the (See Section 6.1 &

6.2)

3. If resettlement of other people in the area has been discussed with the people already living in the area (See Section 6.7, & 6.8)

4. Describing how tribal and other ethnic composition of the population was considered in determining the relocation site for the displaced population (See

Section 6.8.2).

6.1 SETTLEMENTS AND DEMOGRAPHY

6.1.1 SETTLEMENTS

Project impacted area extends over about 105 km of Indus River reach (reservoir stretch of 94 km) upstream of the dam site almost entirely lying within Diamer district of GB with its headquarter at Chilas in the middle. Furthermore, the only areas suitable for housing and cultivation are along the Indus River itself and adjacent to many streams, local name “nullah” or “gah”, at their outfalls.

Watercourses of these nullahs are often quite long and populated by many people, especially when they have sufficient water all over the year.

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Going upstream from the proposed dam site, the following sequence of 19 villages, on different nullahs, along Indus River can be found on the left bank (also refer Map

4 of the RAP):

- Minar Nullah: Lower Minar (1)

- Thor Nullah: Villages Sine Huch, Thor Das, Khotobat, Bazakal, and Muruski (5)

- Thurli Nullah: Villages Thurli Das and Chikka (2)

- Ghichi Nullah: Ghichi Village (1)

- Buto Nullah: Lower Chilas (1)

- Thak Nullah: Lower Thak (1)

- Gini Nullah: Lower Gini Village, local name ’Gini Hotel’ (1)

- Bunar Nullah: Lower Bunar Das (1)

- Gonar Nullah: Lower Gonar Farm, Soniwal Hit, Mani Pain (3)

- Gandlo Nullah: Gandlo Village (1)

- Jalipur Nullah: Jalipur Village (1)

- Yashokal Hit Village (1)

Besides Chilas, some larger settlements such as Bunar Das and Gonar Farm have developed since completion of KKH in 1977. Upstream of the lower nullah courses on the left bank to be submerged in the reservoir, there are 149 settlements located in the upper stretches. Most of these have access through link roads with existing

KKH.

Following 12 villages, on different nullahs, are located close to the Indus River right bank while going upstream from the proposed dam site (also refer Map 6 of RAP):

- Khanbari Nullah: Nima and Narar (2)

- Hodar Nullah: Sine Huch, Nusry Das, Dalojil, Segali Hit, Balokish (5)

- Kiner Nullah: Thalpan and Lower Thak (2)

- Ges Pain Nullah: Ges Pain (1)

- Ges Bala Nullah: Ges Bala (1)

- Shing Nullah: Lower Shing (1)

Further 77 villages are located in the side valleys of right bank nullahs, which except

Kiner Nullah, are accessible only from the Indus River via suspension bridges.

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The reports clearly identify existing locations of potentially affected 31 villages, and also identify the locations for their proposed resettlement. The location of the 32nd village is being confirmed from WAPDA and will be part of the draft final report.

6.1.2 ATTITUDE OF HOSTS TOWARDS RESETTLERS

Host community of Buto Nullah, comprising local tribes of Sheen, Yashkun and

Kameen, around Chilas is stressing that it is real owner of ‘Dases’ proposed as sites for location of Model Villages. On the other hand, Chief Court of NA has ruled that this land belongs to the Government. Therefore, the host community is demanding that ownership dispute should be amicably resolved before construction of the

Model Villages (During August 2009, initial negotiations were held between GBA and

Land Acquisition and Resettlement Issue Resolution Committee and an understanding reached to settle this dispute outside the court. This was further endorsed during negotiations within the Ministerial Sub-Committee in February

2010).

6.1.3 DEMOGRAPHY

Population of the entire Diamer district according to 1998 Census, spread over an area of 11,936 km², was 207,107 (for preparation of this RP only the population in project impact area is relevant and was confirmed through Cadastral Survey).

Corresponding, population density of the district was 17.3 persons per km². Most of this population was living along the Indus River and KKH with main population centre of Chilas city, though there were long side valleys with many settlements. This total population of Diamer district (207,107) comprised 52% males and 48% females.

Corresponding age structure was as below:

i. Population below 15 years: 50.25%

ii. Working age group (15-64 years): 47.24%

iii. Population above 65 years: 2.51%

Females in reproductive age (between 15 and 49 years) were 33.32% of the entire female population. From this group of women: 77% were married; 2% widowed;

0.4% divorced; and around 20% un-married.

The married women had different numbers of children as indicated below:

i. Childless 6.3%

ii. One Child 8.1%

iii. 2-4 Children 35.0%

iv. 5 Children 11.0%

v. Above 6 children 39.6%

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6.1.4 TRIBAL AFFILIATIONS

The PAPs comprise two types of tribes who consider them as substantially different from the majority of population in Pakistan. They retain a strong sense of attachment to their mother land. These are local and non-local tribes. Local tribes are Sheen and Yashkun while non-local tribes are Soniwals, Kohistani, Kashmiri, Gujar, Pattan, and Swati. Both local and non-local tribes are further subdivided in clans.

Table-2:

Tribal Structure in Potentially Affected Project Area

Tribe / Clan Orientation % in total directly affected PAPs

Sheen

Local 55% Yashkun

Kameen

Soniwal

Non-local

30%

Gujar 4%

Swatis 2%

Kohistani

Non-local settlers 8%

Pattan, Woolmaker, Jalkoti, Lohar

Kashmiri

The tribal system in the project areas follows its own codes of conduct and justice.

The tribes are very closely organized and bounded through kinships. Tribal leadership is still intact and codes are rigidly implemented. Efforts made previously by the Government to bring socio-economic changes have been largely unsuccessful for the simple reason that basically the physical power was used as an intervention.

Community in the project area is divided along the lines of tribes comprising two types of locals and non-locals. A very important self-governing community institution is the Jirga. This is an assembly of the elder-men, which deals with all aspects of

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Page 22 of 35 AAA-TCI social life of the entire community including conflicts about land, water, family and religion etc.

6.1.5 RELIGION AND INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP

Population of the Diamer district is almost entirely Muslim and constitutes 99.6 % and most of the people belong to Hanfi Sunni Sect. In addition, there are very few

Christians, Hindus Qadianis and Ahmadis, who constitute 0.4 % of the total population and are living in urban areas.

Religious leaders, as compared to other areas in Pakistan, have gripping influence on the local population. Local religious leaders have strong hold on the social set-up of the area.

Due to influence of the Religious Leaders and the distance from other parts of the country, dissemination of daily general information is very limited. Electronic media such as television is still very much abhorred by the local religious leaders.

Newspapers are not easily available in the villages. Due to the high illiteracy rate only few people would be able to read them. Thus, most of the information is disseminated by the Imams through sermons of Friday prayers.

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6.2 OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYMENT

6.2.1 OCCUPATIONAL STATUS OF AFFECTED PEOPLES

Statistics about the occupation status of potentially affected households has been compiled relying on Resettlement Option Survey conducted during 2009. Village-wise position is summarized in Table-3.

Table-3:

Occupational Status of Affected Households in Project Area

Sr.

No.

Occupation

Occupational Status of

Household

Number Share (%)

1 Agriculture / Farming 1386 33.5

2 Semi or Unskilled Workers (construction mostly) a)

434 10.5

3 Skilled Workers a) 686 16.6

5 Government Service a) 786 19

6 Business a) 626 15.1

4 Private Employment a) (in various enterprises including agriculture) 194 4.7

7 Security Forces (Army & Police) 23 0.6

Total 4135 100

Source: DBC, 2007 and subject to verification

a) Supplemental income from agriculture also

6.2.2 SUBSISTENCE FARMING AND AGRICULTURAL OCCUPATIONS

The traditional subsistence farming system and animal husbandry is widely practiced since generations in the project area. It is the predominant economic system, which in general supplies the people with most of the daily needs. More than 94% of the affected households are having land for growing crops and fruits as well as feeding the livestock. Most of the daily consumer goods such as wheat, maize, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, milk, butter, eggs and meat are being produced for self consumption.

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Agricultural products are not generally sold in the local markets. Selling in the markets or to neighbors is resorted to only in two cases. Firstly: when the plot size or the yield of harvest exceeds the family food demands; and secondly, when families are forced to sell their food products in order to get some cash (for marriage, purchasing of products such as salt, tea, batteries, clothes, shoes, medical service, transport, education etc.) In some cases, they barter with other farmers a few goods they need. Milk from cows and buffalos is sold but the quantity is limited due to lack of storage, preservation and transport facilities.

6.2.3 LIVESTOCK AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Though a limited part of traditional self-sustaining farming on small land holdings, livestock breeding and animal husbandry makes a significant contribution to the family income. Each household has at least one buffalo and one or even more cows for milk production, butter and meat. Generally, bullocks and buffalos are used for ploughing. The household donkey, sometimes a horse, is used for transportation in the valleys. Average population of livestock per household according to the Cadastral

Survey was about 16.

Quality of milch cattles is very poor and reflected in their small and emaciated size

(average of 2 litres / day for buffalo and 3 for cow). Due to limited fodder availability, the cattle barely supply the household needs of dairy products or meat.

6.2.4 FISHERY OCCUPATIONS

Fishery, though performed on commercial basis in the project area, is limited due to very low fish population. According to Fishery Department Chilas, there are 46 full time and 53 part time fishermen, performing the activity for commercial purposes. In a year, they work for 200 days on the average. The average of fish catch by these fishermen is 5.6 kg/day. Some of them sell fresh fish on the river bank while others fry it for marketing at almost double the price.

6.2.5 CONSTRUCTION AND COTTAGE INDUSTRIES

Any sizable industrial or manufacturing enterprises do not exist in the project area.

Furthermore, no legally registered construction companies are located in Chilas or other settlements. Construction of private residential houses is done by the owners themselves. For public or other medium scale private investments, bunch of workers are engaged for labor inputs.

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Handicraft industry is not widespread and mostly working through girls and women in the houses as cottage industry. The products such as tablecloth, napkins, and wooden works for house and kitchen are offered on a limited scale in the local market at Chilas or other display centers in NA.

6.2.6 COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES

Private shop-keeping is occupation of many peoples. In total, there are 453 shops

(see Table-4) in the project area, which mostly deal with supplying products for the daily consumption in the form of grocery. Some other shops offer cloth, pharmacy products, paints, and construction material. Besides Chilas, these shops are operating in many large villages, particularly on the left bank, comprising: Thor Das;

Bunar Das; and Gonar Farm. More than 40 shops are located in Shaheen Kot Village

(lower Chilas area) along KKH.

Shopkeepers in the project area are relatively affluent people due to the regular source of income. Their earnings vary between Rs. 10,000-15,000 per month depending on type and location of the shop.

Table-4:

Comparative Major Job Opportunities on the Right and Left Bank of Project

Affected

Areas

Name of Valley / Village

Major Job Offering Business Activities (No.)

Shops Driver

Hotels

Classified

Hotels

Petrol /

Fuel Fill

Stations

Total

I. Right Bank of Indus

River

Khanbari Valley 3 0 3

Hodar Valley 10 0 10

Kiner Valley 2 0 2

Ges Pain/Ges Bala 11 0 11

Total (I) 26 0 0 0 26

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Name of Valley / Village

Major Job Offering Business Activities (No.)

Shops Driver

Hotels

Classified

Hotels

Petrol /

Fuel Fill

Stations

Total

II. Left Bank of Indus

River

Thor Das 56 6 1 63

Lower Chilas 152 7 11 4 174

Lower Thak 3 0 3

Lower Gini Village 3 1 1 5

Lower Bunar Das 63 0 1 64

Lower Gonar Farm 150 6 1 157

Total (II) 427 20 11 8 466

Total (I+II) 453 20 11 8 492

Source: Cadastral Survey, 2007-08 and subject to verification

6.2.7 GOVERNMENTAL JOBS

Governmental jobs are generally of two types: regular jobs on a monthly basis for civil servants; and casual or daily-wage support staff. Employees of the first type are mostly located in Chilas and comprise: Diamer District Administration; WAPDA;

Police Department; FWO; and NA PWD. Employees in some other governmental departments work at: nurseries in Bunar Das, Gonar Farm, and Nusry Das; hatcheries in Khanbari and Chilas; jail; meteorological station Chilas; union councils; and municipalities. People, in particular from Ges Pain, Bunar Das, Gonar Farm and

Chilas, are mostly working in government outfits located in Chilas. As mentioned above, other types of jobs existing in the area are through the contractors engaged by NADP, WAPDA, NAPWD, National Data Base Registration Authority (NADRA), Fishery Department and Agriculture Department.

6.2.8 FEMALE LABOR

There are only very few job opportunities for females mostly offered by the

Departments of Education, Health, Social Welfare, active NGOs like NADP and some vocational centers. Except few females working as doctors and nurses in the hospital or teachers, women have no occupation in governmental institutions or business concerns. On the other hand, the females are mostly working in domestic

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Page 27 of 35 AAA-TCI agriculture, often doing the hardest works on land and livestock breeding, all round the year. Many women and girls of the Soniwal tribe are also engaged in extracting gold from sand of the Indus River.

6.2.9 CHILD LABOR

Some children, of the age 10 years and above, are working part time at various automobile workshops, wood factories, construction works, newspaper stands, shops and hotels. The reasons for this compulsion are:

High level of poverty, which forces the parents to send the children to work.

No educational opportunities in the villages after primary school.

Lack of facilities for any special vocational education (that is why many boys are forced to assist in shops, workshops and other places to become candidates for a future job and training positions).

Children are also working as per traditional family system in the agriculture, mostly involving grazing and feeding of animals. Based on initial assessment, the number of child labor in the project area is not large.

6.3 RESETTLEMENT / RELOCATION OF PAPS AND PHASED STRATEGY

One of the basic approaches of RP is to resettle all, or to the extent possible, affected households in Model Villages around the reservoir periphery. Each Model Village will have the modern infrastructure facilities such as electricity, roads, water supply and sewerage, civic amenities, health and education facilities, business centres and religious objects.

The notable features of each Model Village will be:

1. 1 kanal residential plot free of cost per each affected land owning household;

2. 4 kanals cultivable land plot with developed irrigation facilities. However, the agricultural land shall be purchased.

As part of the original conceptual planning, a Composite Model Village around Chilas was proposed by combining three locations (out of nine) in its vicinity. This original concept was shared with all the key stakeholders covering from village level (in the project area) to policy level (Federal and Regional Governments). ‘Composite Village in Vicinity of Chilas’ proposal was presented to stakeholders at Gilgit on 28 February

2009. The proposed concept, particularly with regard to tribal affiliations of resettlers, was objected by the affectees. Consequently, it was agreed that comments of the affectees would be conveyed to WAPDA within a month by the specially constituted ‘Resettlement Issues and Coordination Committee’. This

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Committee was established by the Giltgit Baltistan Administration (NAA) on 28 April

2009 with 27 members from the affectees and other key stakeholders (formal comments of this committee still awaited by WAPDA).

6.4 OPTIONS FOR RELOCATION OF AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS AND

SETTLEMENTS

Option 1: Affectees willing to resettle in Model Villages

Option 2: Affectees to receive cash compensation and relocate to upper valleys

Option 3: Affectees to receive cash compensation and resettle at the places of their own choice

A. OPTION 1 - OPTEES FOR RELOCATION TO MODEL VILLAGES

This option, preferred by IFIs, will be accomplished through construction of Model

Villages. Conceptual planning and development of Model Villages is being undertaken in consultation with willing PAPs. For this purpose, suitably qualified consultants have been engaged. Construction of Model Villages will be responsibility of WAPDA’s Project Resettlement Organization at Chilas.

B. OPTION 2 - OPTEES FOR RELOCATION TO UPPER VALLEYS

This category of optees will also receive lump sum cash compensation and relocation allowance and resettle by themselves.

In certain grievance cases, and subject to availability of suitable land, some basic infrastructure could be also provided through the project.

C. OPTION 3 - OPTEES FOR SELF RELOCATION TO PLACES OF OWN

CHOICE

Households opting for self relocation to their places of choices will be paid lump sum cash compensation and be responsible to move away after receiving the relocation allowance.

Since project preferred option is to resettle PAPs in Model Villages which is Option 1 and is therefore discussed in length in the following sections.

6.5 BASIC CRITERIA FOR RELOCATION TO MODEL VILLAGES

Basic criteria for relocation of PAPs to Model Villages have duly considered the national practices and ADB’s Resettlement Policy Guidelines as indicated below:

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i. Relocation closest to the affected settlement.

ii. Resettlement of entire community in one location.

iii. Relocation by tribal neighbourhoods without affecting harmony.

6.6 SELECTION OF LOCATIONS FOR MODEL VILLAGES

Basic criteria for relocation of PAPs to Model Villages duly consider the national practices and ADB’s Resettlement Policy Guidelines as indicated below:

i. Relocation closest to the affected settlement.

ii. Resettlement of entire community in one location.

iii. Relocation by tribal neighbourhoods without affecting harmony.

6.6.1 A. INVENTORY OF LAND

During 2006, DBC carried out an inventory to select locations of various Model

Villages. This inventory in the vicinity of reservoir periphery was carried out with particular focus on the following characteristics:

i. Terrain: In particular plain area or land with milder slopes.

ii. Ebrodability: To avoid damage to infrastructure and other installations in Model

Villages.

iii. Water availability: To provide for the requirements of drinking water and cultivation.

iv. Accessibility: Through proximity to existing or proposed roads.

Due to natural conditions, any sizeable chunks of land with supportive water supply were not available on the right bank. During 2007, DBC supported by the ongoing

Cadastral Survey and growing cooperation of PAPs, conducted special investigations to identify some suitable land resources on the right bank even in the upper parts of side valleys but without success. Thus, there was no choice except to concentrate the efforts on left bank.

6.6.2 B. IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE RESETTLEMENT AREAS

Based upon the efforts from 2006 to 2008, some areas for resettlement in the close vicinity of reservoir were identified. A primary consideration was availability of land where the entire community could be relocated into a Model Village. In certain cases, it was discovered that PAPs also possessed lands in upper parts of side valleys.

However, being generally located at higher elevations (above 1500 MASL), these were being used primarily as summer pastures.

Basic considerations in identification of locations for the proposed Model Villages were:

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i. Sufficiency of land for relocation of at least one complete village with due consideration of tribal cohesion.

ii. Suitability of land for residential and cultivation purpose.

iii. Availability of perennial water in some nearby nullah to avoid water right conflict.

iv. Nearest possible location to the villages to be relocated.

v. Accessibility to the main road (relocated KKH).

As a result of the above considerations, nine (9) locations were identified for location of Model Villages.

6.7 PROPOSED LOCATIONS OF MODEL VILLAGES

As per initial concept and above criteria, nine Model Village locations were proposed along with reservoir.

Table -5:

Proposed Locations of Model Villages for Resettlement of Affectees

Name of Model Village a) Affected Villages Proposed Resettlers (No.)

People Households

Model Village 1: Harpin Das West Nima 1,165 134

(Soniwal Model Village) Narar 470 72

Sine Huch (Thor) 313 48

Sine Huch (Hodar) 537 209

Soniwal Hit 382 69

Yashokal Hit 210 20

Lower Thak (Thak Nullah ) 60 9

Sub-total (1) 3,137 561

Model Village 2: Harpin Das East

Buto Kot (Lower Chilas) 3,001 344

(Sheen and Yashkun Model Village) Lower Minar 35 5

Thor Das 881 161

Muruski 86 15

Thurli Das 198 28

Sub-total (2) 4,201 553

Model Village 3: Model Town Chilas, most western Thak Das area, Other non-locals of Chilas

Lower Chilas: Other non-locals of Chilas 5,245 642

Sub-total (3) 5,245 642

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Name of Model Village a) Affected Villages Proposed Resettlers (No.)

People Households

Model Village 4: New Hodar for Sheen and Yashkun from Hodar Valley (Kino Das)

Hodar: Nusry Das, Balokish, Segali Hit, Dalojil 1,152 162

Thalpan 1,020 189

Sub-total (4) 2,172 351

Model Village 5: Soniwals from Chilas (Thak Das)

Lower Chilas: Soniwal 6,152 753

Sub-total (5) 6,152 753 Model Village 6: Gujarabad

(Thak Das)

Lower Chilas 853 127

Bazakal 128 19

Chikka 274 45

Khotobat 259 40

Mani Pain 232 44

Lower Thak (Kiner) 214 34

Ghichi Village 20 2

Sub-total (6) 1,980 311

Model Village 7: Gonar Farm Das

Lower Gonar Farm 628 101

Lower Bunar Das 2,108 435

Lower Shing 33 5

Sub-total (7) 2,769 541

Model Village 8: Kino Das West Ges Bala 833 92

Jalipur Village 238 60

Gandlo Village 155 17

Sub-total (8) 1,226 169

Model Village 9: Kino Das East Ges Pain 1648 225

Lower Gini Village 120 29

Sub-total (9) 1,768 254

Total 28,650 4,135

Source: DBC, 2007-08

Note: The details of addition of 93 household in the three (3) composite villages will be provided in the draft final report upon receiving the data from WAPDA

The above proposals were based on the assumption that all the affected households would be resettled in the Model Villages. However, this concept is being reviewed in the light of options of only 37% of the households agreed to move to Model Villages.

To start with, the concept of a Composite Model Village in Vicinity of Chilas is being looked into by combining locations 3, 5 and 6 with separate zoning for each ethnic group but combined civic amenities. This could follow undertaking of additional composites to resettle the PAPs if they later on opt for resettlement to Model

Villages.

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Furthermore, it has been finalized that three (3) Composite Model Villages shall be established to the following locations for accommodating 4,228 households:

i. Composite Model Village No. I: Thak Das in eastern vicinity of Chilas

ii. Composite Model Village No. II: Harpin Das in western vicinity of Chilas

iii. Composite Model Village No.III: Kino Das

6.8 PLANNING OF MODEL VILLAGES

As mentioned above, initially the conceptual planning has focused upon the

‘Composite Village in Vicinity of Chilas’. This has been located on the eastern side of

Chilas by amalgamating the originally planned Model Villages 3, 5 and 6. Conceptual plan of this Composite-I was presented by WAPDA / DBC to PAPs at Gilgit during

February 2009. Later on, another demand of PAPs was received through GBA that the size of residential plots may be increased from 5 marla to 1 kanal (this proposal also formed part of recommendations by the Ministerial Sub-Committee after negotiations with affectees during February 2010 as part of negotiated land compensation rates). Yet another preference of PAPs was for relocation by tribal neighbourhoods without affecting harmony.

Three Composite Model Villages (each comprising 3 villages), at Thak Das, Harpan

Das and Kino Das, are proposed to be developed, complete with all the basic infrastructure facilities and amenities, for the resettlement of 4228 affected households. Each affected household shall be given a residential plot, of one kanal, free of cost. This provision is in addition to the due compensation for their lands and assets, acquired for the Project. The composite model villages have following facilities:

i. All basic infrastructure including: civic amenities;

ii. Four kanal purchasable plot of cultivable land along with irrigation facilities;

iii. residential plots of 1 kanal with essential commercial and religious infrastructure in clusters; and

iv. Non-residential commercial and community plots earmarked for development of related facilities including education and health.

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6.8.1 DEVELOPMENT OF OWNERSHIP PSYCHE

Resettlement concept of Model Villages is based upon the wiling cooperation of

PAPs through creation of ownership psyche among them. Bearing in mind the fact that many affected households are living and working in the area without possession of any land, this will provide them with a real opportunity to become owners in the

Model Villages.

All compensation will have to be determined properly to the full…