People_Affected_Report.pdf

IQC 391 – I – 11 – 00003

AID – 391 – 14 – 00001

PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT

Data Collection, Review and Preparation of International Tender document for the Diamer Bhasha Dam Project

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Disclaimer:

This Project is made possible by the support of the American people through the United

States Agency for International Development (USAID). The opinion expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, A. A. Associates or

Techno-Consult International.

PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT

Data Collection, Review and Preparation of International Tender document for the Diamer Bhasha Dam Project

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Data Collection, Review and Preparation of International Tender Document for the Diamer Basha Dam Project

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL/CULTURAL IMPACT REVIEW

OF THE PROJECT ACTIVITIES

PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT

Prepared by : Ebad Ur Rehman

Revised by : Ebad Ur Rehman Rafi Ghous

Approved by : Azher Uddin Khan

PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT

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Data Collection, Review and Preparation of

International Tender Document for the Diamer Basha Dam Project

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL/CULTURAL IMPACT REVIEW

OF THE PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Table of Content

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

1.0 GENERAL

2.0 PROJECT BRIEF

2.1 SALIENT PROJECT FEATURES

2.2 MAIN BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

3.0 UPDATED STATUS OF PROJECT PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

3.1 ALREADY CONDUCTED MAIN STUDIES AND REPORTS

4.0 PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT – QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION

4.1 DEFINITION OF PROJECT AFFECTED PEOPLE

4.1.1 DIRECTLY AFFECTED PEOPLES

4.1.2 INDIRECTLY AFFECTED PEOPLE

4.2 BASELINE FOR ESTIMATION OF PAPS

4.3 ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF PAPS

5.0 TYPES OF DIRECTLY AFFECTED PEOPLES

5.1 COMPOSITION OF DIRECT AFFECTEES ON TRIBAL AFFILIATION

5.2 COMPOSITION OF DIRECT AFFECTEES ON LOCATION

5.3 COMPOSITION OF DIRECT AFFECTEES ON VULNERABLE GROUPS

5.4 COMPOSITION OF DIRECT AFFECTEES ON OCCUPATIONS

5.5 LOCATION OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION

6.0 PAPS AWARENESS ABOUT THE PROJECT

6.1 INITIAL AWARENESS CAMPAIGN

6.2 SCOPING SESSIONS WITH AFFECTEES

6.3 PARTICIPATION OF AFFECTEES IN DEVELOPMENT OF RESETTLEMENT CONCEPT

6.4 AWARENESS RAISING BY LA&R WING

6.5 OVERALL ACTIVITIES DURING CONSULTATIONS (2006-09)

7.0 COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT

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8.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 REPORTING OF DIRECTLY AFFECTED PEOPLES

8.2 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER WB POLICY

8.3 REPORTING OF INDIRECTLY AFFECTED PEOPLES

9.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank

BCM Billion Cubic Meters

DBC Diamer Basha Consultants

DBDP Diamer Basha Dam Project

DDA Diamer Development Authority

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMMC Environmental Monitoring and Management Cell of WAPDA

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

FRL Full Reservoir Level

GB Gilgit-Baltistan

GWh Giga Watt Hour

IBIS Indus Basin Irrigation System

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

IPCC International Panel for Carbon Control

IRSA Indus River System Authority

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature

KPK Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa

MASL Meters above Mean Sea Level

MOL Minimum Operating Level (of Reservoir)

MW Mega Watt

NEAC NESPAK – ACE Joint Venture Consultants

NHA National Highway Authority

PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RCC Roller Compacted Concrete

SWHP Surface Water Hydrology Project, WAPDA

WAA Water Apportionment Accord

WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority

WB World Bank

WCD World Commission on Dams

WWF World Wildlife Fund for Nature

PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT

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1.0 GENERAL

USAID-Pakistan has entrusted, under a consultancy contract, the Contractor to carryout a Study “Data and Information Collection and Review and International

Tender Preparation for the Diamer Basha Dam Project Studies”, with explicit Terms of Reference (TOR).

One important part of the Main Study is “Environmental and Social/Cultural Impact

Review of the Project Activities”. The objective of this part of the Study, in accordance with USAID, is to serve as input to an international Terms of Reference, prepared by USAID, for the environmental and social/cultural impact assessment of the Diamer Basha Dam Project (hereinafter called DBDP or the Project). The main scope of this part of the Study is summarized as follows:

a. Collection, review, validation, gap analysis and assessing conformity to the latest applicable requirements of The World Bank (WB), Asian Development

Bank (ADB), World Commission on Dams (WCD) and other relevant international and local agencies, of the existing studies, reports and plans of the Project, with particular emphasis on issues included in the Employer’s

TOR, with the assistance, in form of interviews and meetings with WAPDA officials and others concerned, where required

b. All the review and analysis to be based upon information available from secondary sources, with no need for collection of any field technical information

c. Providing a bibliography with a short summary of each document collected

This Component Environmental Review Report “People Affected by the Project” is part of “Environmental and Social/Cultural Impact Review of the Project Activities”, which thereupon forms part of the Main Study Report.

This component report covers the following specific scope, as defined in the TORs:

1. A summary of the findings

2. An updated estimate of the number of people directly affected in the construction area, the reservoir area, and the new irrigation distribution area;

to include business people, landowners, landless people that use land impacted, and migratory people

3. Location of the affected population, to include locations used by landless and migratory people

4. A determination if the people impacted are aware of the project

5. A bibliography with a short summary of each document collected

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2.0 PROJECT BRIEF

2.1 SALIENT PROJECT FEATURES

Concerned Authorities

Sponsored By Government of Pakistan

Execution WAPDA

Operation and Maintenance WAPDA

Concerned Federal Ministry Ministry of Water and Power

River Indus

Location of Dam on River Indus About 315 km upstream of Tarbela

Dam

About 82 km upstream of Dasu Town

About 40 km downstream of Chilas

Town

About 180 km downstream of Gilgit

Town

Hydrology

Catchment Area 153,200 km2

River Discharge (Mean Annual) 62 billion m3

Estimated Sediments Load (Mean Annual) 196 million tons

Flood Assessment

Diversion Flood (1 in 100 years) 14,330 m3/s

Basic Design Flood-1 (1 in 10000 years) 20,200 m3/s

Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) 49,410 m3/s

Main Dam

Type Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC)

Maximum Height above Rock Foundation 272 m

Flow Diversion System

Diversion Tunnels (Right Side) 2 Numbers

Diversion Channel (Right Side) 1 Number

Upstream & Downstream Cofferdams

Upstream Cofferdam Level 977.5 MASL

Downstream Cofferdam Level 973.0 MASL

Main Spillway

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Concerned Authorities

Crest Level 1145.5 MASL

Numbers of Gates 14

Size of Gates 11.5 m x 16.24 m

Flow Capacity 18128 m3/s at FRL of 1160 MASL

Reservoir

Crest Level 1170 MASL

Full Reservoir Level (FRL) 1160 MASL

Minimum Operating Level (MOL) 1060 MASL

Gross Storage 10.0 BCM (8.1 MAF)

Live Storage 7.9 BCM (6.4 MAF)

Length of Reservoir at FRL 93.50 km (Up to RAIKOT Bridge on KKH)

Length of Reservoir at MOL 68.61 km

Reservoir Area at FRL 115.13 km2

Reservoir Area at MOL 47.61 km2

Outlets in Dam Body

Low Level 2

Flushing 5

Flushing Tunnels

Right Bank 1 (By Conversion of 1 Diversion Tunnel)

Left Bank 1 (Underneath the Power Intake)

Powerhouse(s)

Type Underground

Location One each on Right and Left Side

Total Installed Capacity 4500 MW (2 x 2250 MW)

Numbers of Units 12 (6 x 375 MW in each Powerhouse)

Design Discharge of Each Powerhouse 1481 m3/s

Turbines

Type FRANCIS (Vertical Shafts)

Design Net Head 170.5 m

Maximum & Minimum Operating Net 204.2 m & 100.5 m

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Heads

Reservoir Water Level for Design Head 1130 MASL

Unit Discharge at Design Head 246.8 m3/s

Synchronous Speed 166.67 RPM

Tail Water Level

Minimum 947 MASL

@ Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) 970 MASL

Generators

Type Semi umbrella type

Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR) 416 MVA

Rated Power Factor 0.9

Generation Voltage 21 kV

Rated Frequency 50 Hz

Output at Generator Terminal 375 MW

Generator Step-Up Transformers

Number of Units 2 x 3 x 6

Number of Spare Units 2

Type Single Phase

Type of Cooling OFWF

Rated Primary Voltage 21 kV

Rated Secondary Voltage 765 kV

Rated Frequency 50 Hz

Average Annual Electricity Generation

At Diamer Basha Dam 18,097 GWh

Additional at Tarbela Dam 1,111 GWh

Total 19,208 GWh

Land Acquisition for All Purposes [1]

Total 37,419 acres

Distribution by Existing Land Use

Areas under Housing including 72 acres (0.19 %)

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Infrastructure

Area under Commercial Objects 24 acres (0.06 %)

Cultivated/Agricultural Lands 3,013 acres (8.05 %)

Uncultivated, Cultivable Lands 2,611 acres (7.0 %)

Barren Lands & Pastures 12,637 acres (33.8 %)

Areas under River, Streams, Rocks 19,062 acres (50.9 %)

Distribution by Project Components

Dam & Appurtenant Structures 1,802 acres (4.8 %)

Reservoir (up-to 1170 MASL) 30,374 acres (81.2 %)

Others (Outside 1170 MASL Zone) 5,243 acres (14.0 %)

Distribution by Geographical Units

Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) 35,991 acres (96.2 %)

Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) 1,428 acres (3.8 %)

Distribution by Ownership

Private Lands 18,357 acres (49 %)

Government Lands 19,062 acres (51 %)

Environmental Aspects [2]

Numbers of Villages Affected 32

Numbers of Households Affected 4,228

Estimated Affected Population 30,350

Prehistoric Rock Carvings 33000

Karakorum Highway (KKH)

Submerged Length 100 km

Length to be Relocated 140 km

Sources:

[1] Monthly Report No 2 (November, 2013) by Diamer Basha Consultants (DBC), aided with certain written communications from WAPDA

[2 Project Brief provided by WAPDA (Status updated to 11.2013)

Remaining Information: EIA Report (Improved Draft): 2010: Volume II: Annex C-1

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2.2 MAIN BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

a. Availability of about 6.4 MAF (Reservoir Live Storage) of annual surface water, for supplementing irrigation water supplies to Pakistan

b. Providing about 18,100 GWh of electric energy per annum, from its installed capacity of 4,500 MW, as well as enabling about 1,110 GWh of additional generation at Tarbela Dam, due to conjunctive operation of the two reservoirs

c. Increase in useful life of the downstream Tarbela reservoir, by about 35 years, as well as of the future downstream reservoirs, by trapping large amount of sediment

d. Alleviation of the flood damages of the Indus River, particularly in the reach from Kalabagh to Guddu Barrage

e. Significant improvement in the socio-economic conditions of the otherwise backward areas and people, in the vicinity of the Project

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3.0 UPDATED STATUS OF PROJECT PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

Many pre-requisite activities, in respect of the Project, are presently in progress, with their current status as follows:

a. Land Acquisition: The process of acquisition of land (both government and private), for the Project, was started, in accordance with the applicable local laws and procedures, in 2010. The process involves WAPDA and the respective governments of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa

(KPK). Table 1 presents the current status of land acquisition, as in December

2013.

Table 1

Diamer Basha Dam Project: Current Status of Land Acquisition (12.2013)

Geographical Unit Land Required Land Acquired/Transferred

(acres) (acres) (%)

Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) 35,991 18,997 53 %

Private Lands 17,918 1,783 10 %

Government Lands 18,073 17,214 95 %

Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) 1,428 162 11 %

Private Lands 439 162 37 %

Government Lands 989 0 0 %

Total/Overall 37,419 19,159 51 %

Source: Written communications from WAPDA

Land acquisition, for the Project, is expected to be completed by June, 2014, according to the WAPDA officials.

b. Project Colony: For the proposed Project Colony in Thor Valley, located about

14 km upstream of the Dam Site, for accommodating the administrative and construction supervision staff of WAPDA and Consultants, 12 out of the total

16 construction contract packages, have already been awarded and respective works are in progress. The progress of works varies from contract to contract; however, the overall achieved progress to-date is about 55%, according to WAPDA.

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c. WAPDA Office Building in Chilas: Construction of a WAPDA Office Building in

Chilas, for the Project, is almost complete, with to-date progress of about

96%, according to WAPDA.

d. Composite Model Village-II at Harpan Das: Three Composite Model Villages

(each comprising 3 villages), at Thak Das, Harpan Das and Kino Das, are proposed to be developed, complete with all the basic infrastructure facilities and amenities, for the resettlement of 4228 affected households. Each affected household shall be given a residential plot, of one kanal, free of cost.

This provision is in addition to the due compensation for their lands and assets, acquired for the Project.

The construction works for Composite Model Village–II (Harpan Das) has already been started. The works are planned through 6 construction contract packages, out of which 2 contracts have been awarded and are under execution. Overall progress, of the awarded contracts, is of the order of 5%.

e. Shatial-Thor Bypass on Karakorum Highway (KKH): It is planned that during construction of the Project, the existing KKH, in the vicinity of the main dam, shall be used for construction activities, while a Bypass on KKH (35 km long), from Shatial to Thor Nullah, is being executed by NHA, as WAPDA deposit work, which will be utilized for uninterrupted flow of the common traffic.

Contract has been awarded and work is being executed at site, with a to-date progress of about 5%, according to WAPDA.

f. Up-gradation of KKH from Havelian to the Dam Site: Karakorum Highway

(KKH), designated as National Highway N-35 (806 km), starts from Hasanabdal and ends at Khunjrab Pass, while passing through Havelian, Abbottabad, Mansehra, Batgram, Thakot, Besham, Pattan, Dasu, Basha, Chilas, Raikot and

Gilgit. It has already been established that the upgradtion of the existing KKH, from Havelian to Dam Site (about 324 km), is an essential prerequisite, for the Project, to account for the additional traffic flows, particularly arising from the transport of large quantities of construction goods, resulting from the Project activities.

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In this regard, according to WAPDA, upgradation works have already been completed, by National Highway Authority (NHA), from Havelian to Thakot.

This also includes a new Thakot Bridge, on River Indus, completed in 2010, which was executed by NHA, as Deposit Work from WAPDA.

The upgradation of the remaining portion of KKH, from Thahkot to Dam site, is planned to be executed by NHA, as Deposit Work from WAPDA.

g. Vocational Training Institute: As a prerequisite activity, for the Project, a

Vocational Training Institute has been established, by WAPDA, in Chilas city.

h. Bridge over Indus River downstream of Main Dam: A permanent access bridge over Indus River, downstream of Main Dam, for the contractor’s movement across the river, during the construction period and for the common public use later on, is part of the Project. Originally, this bridge was to be included in the regular construction contract package of the Project.

Now, WAPDA is planning to construct this bridge earlier as a prerequisite activity. Selection of the Consultant for procurement of the consultancy services for design, construction supervision and contract administration of this bridge is under process, according to WAPDA.

3.1 ALREADY CONDUCTED MAIN STUDIES AND REPORTS

Following main studies, with particular reference to the environmental and social/cultural aspects, have already been carried out for the Project:

a) Feasibility Study (1984), by MONENCO (Montreal Engineering Company Limited), in eleven volumes, containing Volume 11: Appendix G “Environmental

Considerations”

b) Feasibility Report (2002 – 2004), by NEAC Consultants (a joint-venture with lead role of NESPAK, Pakistan, comprising 2 foreign and 8 local companies), in tweleve volumes, containing Volume 11 “EIA and Resettlement”

c) Review of Feasibility Report, Engineering Design, Tender Drawings/Documents

(2005 - 2008), by Diamer Basha Consultants (DBC, a joint-venture with lead role of Lahmeyer International GmbH, Germany and comprising National

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Development Consultants – NDC, Pakistan, 1 other foreign and 2 other local companies), with following main outputs:

Design Report on Project Civil Works, in seven volumes

Design Report on Project Machinery & Equipment

Bidding Documents for the Project

After conclusion of the afore mentioned basic assignment in June 2008, the services of the DBC have continually been extended, by WAPDA, first through various addendums (from July 2008 to December 2012) and thereupon through retainership contracts (from January 2013 to March 2014), to provide follow-up and additional services. Under this arrangement, DBC has produced following two main documents, including annexes and appendices, related to the environment and resettlement aspects of the Project:

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report – 2010)

Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Development Plan (LARDP) – 2010

Improved Drafts, of the above two reports, with possibly some post-2010 modifications, have been provided by WAPDA.

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4.0 PEOPLE AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT – QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE

DESCRIPTION

4.1 DEFINITION OF PROJECT AFFECTED PEOPLE

The project has adopted the following definition of Project Affected People (PAPs):

Heads of household, their members and other individuals who have, irrespective of their legal titles, lost the right to own, use, a built –up structures (house, shop, or a business object) natural resources (forest or water-related income-generation activities such as gold-washing sites) and land (residential, agricultural, uncultivated, barren or pasture), crops (seasonal or perennial) and trees (fruit or non-fruit), or any other asset (fixed or moveable), either in full or in part, permanently or temporarily.

Those who have lost the jobs or labour opportunities (part or full time in private enterprises or at agricultural farms).

Those whose accessibility and physical connection will be denied or will be impacted negatively as result of filling and operation of the reservoir. In this context, project has classified PAPs into directly affected peoples and indirectly affected peoples. This definition does not include the people who are positively impacted or benefited and at the same time are not displaced as a result of the project or its associated interventions.

4.1.1 DIRECTLY AFFECTED PEOPLES

The project defines the directly project affected peoples (PAPs) as the people whose lands, houses, and other built-up properties will be submerged in reservoir and whose livelihood means would be lost.

4.1.2 INDIRECTLY AFFECTED PEOPLE

The project defines the indirectly project affected peoples whose lands, houses, and other built-up properties will be neither inundated by the reservoir nor their livelihood means would be lost due to the project interventions. Their social relations could, however, be disrupted and accessibility to the regional road network and to markets and services negatively affected.

4.2 BASELINE FOR ESTIMATION OF PAPS

Deputy Commissioner (DC) Diamer district, issued two notifications under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act. Order No. 1 was issued on 09 June 2006 indicating land acquisition up to 1160 masl. Order No. 2, DK-87 (2007) dated 07 September 2007, extended land acquisition up to 1170 masl and also banned all types of public and private constructions in the area. Similar notification was issued by the Kohistan

District Administration through reference No. 2494 dated 11-09-2006.

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The second notification by DC Diamer under Section 4, fixed the cut-off date as 07

September 2007. Soon afterwards, a land acquisition survey team was constituted comprising: two Patwaris from Revenue Department; and two Sociologists from DBC.

They jointly completed the initial survey covering the land acquisition zone up to

1170 masl. This information was subsequently verified through the Cadastral Survey of 2007-08.

Notification under Section 5 for land acquisition in all the affected nullahs of Diamer district was also issued by the Deputy Commissioner on 05 January 2008.

Therefore, it is safe to treat the results of surveys conducted in 2007-8 as the most updated data, because it has been collected after imposition of ban per the cut off date.

4.3 ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF PAPS

According to 2008 estimate, a total of 28,650 people living in 4135 households belonging to 31 villages will be directly affected. However, later surveys, as communicated via Status Update upto 11th October 2013 by WAPDA, another village of 93 households and a population of 1,700 people will be affected. Hence a total of

4,228 households in 32 villages, comprising of 30,350 people, will be directly affected by the project.

According to the 2008 estimate, a total of 63,901 people living in 7,904 households belonging to 226 villages located in the upper parts of side valleys fall under the category of Indirectly Affected People). Later communications from WAPDA do not indicate any change in these numbers. Further investigiation in this respect is underway, and changes, if any, will be incorporated in the Final version of this report.

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5.0 TYPES OF DIRECTLY AFFECTED PEOPLES

The documents reviewed, including the revised and updated EIA and the RAP, provide sufficient detail about the people directly affected by the project. The documents categorise them based on ethnic and demographic backgrounds;

locations; and occupations.

5.1 COMPOSITION OF DIRECT AFFECTEES ON TRIBAL AFFILIATION

As mentioned above, the total number of directly affected people is 30,350. The bifurcation of 28,327 people on tribal affiliation is given in the following table. Tribal affiliation of 2,023 people is being acquired at the moment:

Table 2

Directly Affected Tribes

Tribe / Clan Orientation Directly Affected

Population

% in total directly affected PAPs

Sheen Local 15,757 55%

Yashkoon

Kameen

Soniwal Non-local 8,595 30%

Gujar 1,146 4%

Swatis 537 2%

Kohistani Non-local settlers

2,292 8%

Pattan, Woolmaker, Jalkoti, Lohar

Kashmiri

5.2 COMPOSITION OF DIRECT AFFECTEES ON LOCATION

Table C-3 of RAP shows that the project will affect 31 settlements (24 totally and 7 partially) along with all private and governmental infrastructure between the dam site and Raikot Bridge, the upstream end of the reservoir corresponding to FRL of

1160 masl. It also shows that the population quantum is higher on the left bank, resulting into larger stakes and higher impacts. Low level of population on the right

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Location of the 32nd village is being confirmed from WAPDA. It will be made part of the final report. However, it must be noted that the general observation about larger quantum and higher stakes of the population at the left bank will remain valid irrespective of the location of the 32nd village.

5.3 COMPOSITION OF DIRECT AFFECTEES ON VULNERABLE GROUPS

The following section deals with the number of vulnerable group within the direct affectees. These numbers are derived from the survey results of 31 villages. These are subject to minor changes when the data for the 32nd village becomes vailable.

No category of PAPs, fits into the ADB’s definition of indigenous peoples. Soniwal tribe comprising 1,255 households can be considered as ‘Ethnic Minorities’. Out of these, 500 families will lose their means of income due to submergence of gold extraction sites from sand deposits in the reservoir after commissioning of the project. During construction stage, Soniwals will be offered preferential employment.

Landless People

RAP Table D-3 shows there are 100 families of landless peoples. 32 landless households have been reported in 09 (out of 12) affected villages on the right bank.

Remaining 68 landless households have been reported in 11 (out of 19) affected villages on the left bank. There are no landless families in the remaining 11 villages.

Disabled Peoples in Project Area

The results of the survey showed that there were totally 83 disabled peoples, (0.29% of PAPs). 36 such persons live in 10 villages on the right bank, while 47 disabled persons live in 10 villages on the left bank. These numbers are based on data collected from village elders and key informants from each of 31 potentially affected villages. A village-wise break-up of the disabled based on the information collected by DBC is shown in Table D-4 of RAP.

Tenants

The survey of DBC reveals that there are 278 households of tenants in the project area. Details are given in Annex K-1 of RAP.

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Widows

DBC’s survey also discovered that there were 54 households headed by females / widows. Details are given in Annex K-1 of RAP.

5.4 COMPOSITION OF DIRECT AFFECTEES ON OCCUPATIONS

RAP gives village-wise position of occupational status in its Annex D-9 with a summary in Table D-5. It shows that the entire directly affected population, barring only 0.6 employed with Police or Army, depends heavily on agriculture as its core or supplemental income generation activity. 33.5% of the affected households are dependant on agriculture as their core income generation activity. The second most substantial occupation is service in various Government departments, accounting for

19.6% of directly affected population.

5.5 LOCATION OF THE AFFECTED POPULATION

The reports clearly identify existing locations of potentially affected 31 villages, and also identify the locations for their proposed resettlement. The location of the 32nd village is being confirmed from WAPDA and will be part of the final version of this report.

Project impacted area extends over about 105 km of Indus River reach (reservoir stretch of 94 km) upstream of the dam site almost entirely lying within Diamer district of GB with its headquarter at Chilas in the middle. Furthermore, the only areas suitable for housing and cultivation are along the Indus River itself and adjacent to many streams, local name “nullah” or “gah”, at their outfalls. Watercourses of these nullahs are often quite long and populated by many people, especially when they have sufficient water all over the year.

Going upstream from the proposed dam site, the following sequence of 19 villages, on different nullahs, along Indus River can be found on the left bank (also refer Map 4 of the RAP):

Minar Nullah: Lower Minar (1)

Thor Nullah: Villages Sine Huch, Thor Das, Khotobat, Bazakal, and Muruski (5)

Thurli Nullah: Villages Thurli Das and Chikka (2)

Ghichi Nullah: Ghichi Village (1)

Buto Nullah: Lower Chilas (1)

Thak Nullah: Lower Thak (1)

Gini Nullah: Lower Gini Village, local name ‟Gini Hotel‟ (1)

Bunar Nullah: Lower Bunar Das (1)

Gonar Nullah: Lower Gonar Farm, Soniwal Hit, Mani Pain (3)

Gandlo Nullah: Gandlo Village (1)

Jalipur Nullah: Jalipur Village (1)

Yashokal Hit Village (1)

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Besides Chilas, some larger settlements such as Bunar Das and Gonar Farm have developed since completion of KKH in 1977. Upstream of the lower nullah courses on the left bank to be submerged in the reservoir, there are 149 settlements located in the upper stretches. Most of these have access through link roads with existing KKH.

Following 12 villages, on different nullahs, are located close to the Indus River right bank while going upstream from the proposed dam site (also refer Map 6 of RAP):

Khanbari Nullah: Nima and Narar (2)

Hodar Nullah: Sine Huch, Nusry Das, Dalojil, Segali Hit, Balokish (5)

Kiner Nullah: Thalpan and Lower Thak (2)

Ges Pain Nullah: Ges Pain (1)

Ges Bala Nullah: Ges Bala (1)

Shing Nullah: Lower Shing (1)

Further 77 villages are located in the side valleys of right bank nullahs, which except

Kiner Nullah, are accessible only from the Indus River via suspension bridges.

Annexes C-1 and C-2 of RAP also provide location of all affected villages in terms of their latitude and longitude.

Valley-wise data on villages, households and population with break-up into „directly‟ and indirectly‟ affected categories is shown in Table 3.

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Table 3

Details of Affected Villages, Households and Population in Project Area

Name of Valley

Right Bank Total Directly a)

Affected

Indirectly b)

Affected Total

Directly a)

Affected

Indirectly b)

Affected Total

Directly a)

Affected

Indirectly b)

Affected

Khanbari Nullah 19 2 17 796 206 590 6473 1635 4838

Hodar Nullah 18 5 13 555 371 184 5343 1689 3654

Kiner Nullah 25 2 23 772 223 549 6174 1234 4940

Ges Pain 15 1 14 225 225 0 1648 1648 0

Ges Bala 6 1 5 301 92 209 2259 833 1426

Shing 6 1 5 41 5 36 247 33 214

Total Right Bank 89 12 77 2690 1122 1568 22144 7072 15072

Lower Minar 2 1 1 33 5 28 306 35 271

Thor Nullah 38 5 33 1661 283 1378 11317 1667 9650

Thurli 9 2 7 103 73 30 775 472 303

Ghichi 5 1 4 69 2 67 482 20 462

Chilas 2 1 1 3209 1866 1343 28953 15251 13702

Buto Nullah 28 0 28 992 0 992 4960 0 4960

Thak Nullah 58 1 57 1662 9 1653 12622 60 12562

Dong 1 0 1 41 0 41 318 0 318

Gini 2 1 1 97 29 68 963 120 843

Yashokal Hit 1 1 0 20 20 0 210 210 0

Bunar Nullah 15 1 14 743 435 308 4573 2108 2465

Gonar Nullah 5 3 2 642 214 428 4535 1242 3293

Gandlo 1 1 0 17 17 0 155 155 0

Number of Villages Number of Households Population

Sources: Diamer District Administration, Revenue Department (2006) and WAPDA Cadastral Survey, 2007-08.

Note: The above table provides figures of directly affected population based on 31 villages. After confirmation from WAPDA, another village of 1,700 population will be added to the direct affectees. It is safe to assume that it will reduce the number of indirectly affected population by the same number, and the overall affected population will remain the same.

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6.0 PAPS AWARENESS ABOUT THE PROJECT

After reviewing the relevant documents, it appears that adequate efforts have been made to apprise the direct affectees of the projects, and its potential implications to them. One of the key indicators to reach this conclusion is the upward revision of costs of all affected elements. Besides, the reports have clearly mentioned that only

37% of the PAPs are willing to relocate to proposed Model Villages. This conclusion could not have been drawn without detailed consultation with the people.

In preparation of RP, the PAPs were associated right from the start through a systematic process of: information dissemination; disclosure; consultation; and public participation.

6.1 INITIAL AWARENESS CAMPAIGN

This process was started in 2006 by the consultants as one of the first activities.

Meetings were held in April 2006, in 26 out of 31 affected villages. Five (5) villages could not be covered due to: unavailability of Jirga members and other key informants for consultation meetings; and movement of majority of these villagers to their land in upper valleys at the start of summer. 233 PAPs were consulted as per supporting details in Annex E-1 of RAP. Mainly key informants / Jirga members were consulted for these meetings.

6.2 SCOPING SESSIONS WITH AFFECTEES

Over the period of October and November 2006, scoping sessions were held in all the affected villages. These were participated by 415 PAPs including representation from Jirgas, elected community and religious leaders. The supporting details are contained in Annex E-2 of RAP.

Repeat scoping sessions were held during September 2007 in Chilas and other villages of the left bank (sample record also included in Annex E-3).

In most of the scoping sessions, written memoranda were presented by DBC.

6.3 PARTICIPATION OF AFFECTEES IN DEVELOPMENT OF RESETTLEMENT

CONCEPT

Scoping sessions were held in different villages during July and August 2007. Besides meetings, specific reconnaissance of the upper valleys was undertaken by the joint teams comprising DBC and representatives of PAPs.

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6.4 AWARENESS RAISING BY LA&R WING

In April, 2011, after the creation of Land Acquisition and Resettlement unit at

WAPDA, the PAPs were regularly interacted and a comprehensive Livelihood

Restoration and Development Plan was developed with the consultation and participation of PAPs.

6.5 OVERALL ACTIVITIES DURING CONSULTATIONS (2006-09)

Overall activities during the process of consultation, from April 2006 to June 2009, are summarized in Table 4.

Table 4

Overall Activities during Consultations (2006-09)

S.

No.

Activity Duration Supporting

Details - RAP Accomplishment

1 Initial Awareness Campaign of Affectees

06 April 2006 – 20 April 2006

Annex E-1 26 meetings involving 233 PAPs

2 Scoping Sessions to Elicit Affectees Views on Compensation and Resettlement Including Model Villages

04 October– 28 November 2006 & 09 – 12 September 2007

Annexes E-2 and E-3

i. Meetings in 31 villages involving 415 PAPs

ii. Meetings in six villages involving 72 PAPs

3 Consultative Meetings with Government Employees of Selected Institutions

May 2006 Annex E-4 Meetings with 19 important functionaries of line departments / agencies

4 High Level Consultations With NAA and NGOs On Issues of Land Prices, Compensation & Resettlement

26 February 2008 Annex E-5 Meetings with 11 functionaries at Gilgit

5 Reconnaissance of Potential Hamlet Sites in Upper Valleys

02 July – 02 August 2007

Table E-2 Scoping sessions in 8 villages

6 Questionnaire Survey to Elicit Options of PAPs for Resettlement

April – June 2009 Annexes E-6 and E-7

Completion of survey through contact with each of 4135 affected households

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7.0 COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

The reviewed reports have been prepared in line with the local legislations and standards. Simultaneously, the reports have duly considered the related social safeguards, policies and guidelines of IFIs, specially those of ADB. It covers: (1) national laws, polices, regulations, administrative and legal instruments and customary laws applicable in the context of Giltgit Baltistan of the country; and (2) social safeguards and polices of ADB on involuntary resettlement, indigenous people, livelihood and gender.

Furthermore, DBC during the entire process of preparation of documents followed the various international procedures defined by documents such as:

IFC Operational Policy 4.01 Environmental Assessment (1998)

IFC Annex C – Environmental Action Plan OP 4.01 (1998)

WCD (World Commission on Dams): Environmental Indicators and Strategic

Priorities

Relevant international environmental agreements, conventions and protocols to which Pakistan is a party

The proposed project falls under category A under WB and ADB guidelines, warranting a full scale Environmental Impact Assessment to be carried out. Thus, a full Environmental Impact Assessment of the project was started in 2005 and concluded in 2010 through the following documents:

Environmental Impact Assessment report including EMP

Resettlement Plan for involuntarily relocation of the impacted villages and communities

Various Annexes detailing the components of management plan

The Main ingredients of Resettlement Plan based on ADB guidelines comprise:

i. ADB’s review of draft Resettlement Action Plan (January 2009) through

Reconnaissance Mission of February / March 2009

ii. Guidelines of ADB made effective in January 2010 as contained in Safeguard

Policy Statement (June 2009). This inter-alia covered: Safeguard

Requirements 1 - Environment, Safeguard Requirements, 2 - Involuntary

Resettlement Safeguard Requirements 3 - Indigenous Peoples and Safeguard

Requirements 4 –Different Finance Modalities; ADB Prohibited Investment

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Activities List; and Strengthening and Use of Country Safeguard Systems to

Address Environmental and Social Safeguard Issues.

It is pertinent to note that there are difference in approaches between the local legislation and the international standards. ADB polices require compensation of

PAPs irrespective of their legal titles as well as providing special assistance to vulnerable people. On the other hand, basic approach according to the local laws is to compensate the project affected peoples (PAPs) according to legal provisions and entitlements only. Further, ADB’s polices take resettlement operations as a development program and emphasise on the livelihood restoration and sustainability of PAPs. Against this, the local laws aim to restore the livelihood of

PAPs at least to the level before the project intervention.

In Diamer Basha Dam Project, the basic approach is aimed towards considering

Resettlement Plan (RP) as a vehicle of providing basic infrastructure for area development, in conformance with ADB’s Policies. With this approach, the RP duly incorporates liberal compensation of lost assets, particularly: land; resettlement / relocation of PAPs near project including restoration of livelihood; and assistance package for landless, jobless, disadvantaged and indigenous peoples.

It may be pointed out that the guidelines of ADB are not much different from those of the World Bank or International Finance Corporation (IFC). By and large, the reviewed reports conform to the WB requirements also. However, a few minor adjustments might be needed, as described in the next section of this component report.

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8.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 REPORTING OF DIRECTLY AFFECTED PEOPLES

Review of the studies conducted so far reveals that sufficient detail has been collected and provided about the people who will potentially be directly affected by the project. The profiling of the potentially directly affected people is comprehensive, including their numbers, locations, health status, education, livelihood and occupations, and land holding status etc. It is also evident that sufficient efforts have been made, and are continued to be made, to inform those people about the project, and engage them at the appropriate levels.

Information has been presented, and mitigation measures suggested, with a focus on the following impacts to the directly affected people:

Loss of residences

Loss of agricultural land

Loss of pasture land

Loss of business land (those who have businesses in dam area but reside somewhere else)

Loss of business opportunities (including those who take out gold)

Loss of ancestral links (graveyards etc.)

8.2 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER WB POLICY

Disaggregation of affected population, based on the land holding size, might be required, to ascertain that the proposed compensation package is entirely relevant, as advised in Chapter 3 of World Bank’s Environmental Assessment

Sourcebook. The reports do state that the landholding size is small, and provide average landholding size for each village, but the average figures may result from a few families owning large parcels while the majority farm marginal plots. If this is the case, then proposed compensation for smaller plots will need to be seen as to whether it is sufficient to buy a plot large enough to support a family.

WB operational policy 4.10 deals with Indigenous Peoples. It does not strictly describe the term, but states that “for all projects that are proposed for Bank financing and affect Indigenous Peoples, the Bank requires the borrower to engage in a process of free, prior, and informed consultation. The Bank provides project financing only where free, prior, and informed consultation results in broad community support to the project by the affected Indigenous

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Peoples.” The reviewed reports have established logically that the affected population could not be categorised as indigenous. Still, it will be helpful if the discussions that took place during the numerous interactions with the affected population could be documented more clearly in the reports.

The WB Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, in point 8 of chapter 3, states the “EAs should include analysis of the impacts of the Resettlement

Plan on natural, human-made and social environments. The most significant environmental impacts occur in the resettlement receiving areas to which people are moved....” This element is not completely covered in the current

LARDP, and needs to be strengthened.

8.3 REPORTING OF INDIRECTLY AFFECTED PEOPLES

The reports do not substantially address the people who are supposed to be indirectly affected by the project. Such people have been identified by the project as those who are living in the surrounding valleys of the project, but whose land does not come under the land acquisition area. These people have been quantified to an extent in the reports, but their more detailed profiling is needed. In few cases, the general definition of people indirectly affected might also need to be revised. And consequently, added mitigations might be needed. The necessity for these considerations arises from the following:

Stress on cultural resources

The project implementation includes 10 years for construction, and then the operations phase. During this time, heavy influx of workers is envisaged towards the project site. It is not sound to assume that such workers will affect only those 30,000 people who are to be displaced. It is highly likely that this influx will have its impact on the closest urban settlements (Chilas and maybe even Gilgit). Further, the labourers working on the site are also likely to interfere with local life, cultural and communal values in the villages located at the upper altitudes in the project affected valleys.

Stress on land resources

The stress on land resources will not be confined to the direct acquisition for project components, or land pollution due to solid waste etc. An indirect, but very important, impact would also emanate from the potentially increased value of land in the area. Though this sounds a positive impact, a closer examination is necessary in our opinion. Given that generally the population in and around the project area is poor, it is highly likely that many outsiders will try, and may succeed, to buy land in the area. However, it has been established in the report that the local people are

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Page 29 of 31 AAA-TCI loathe to sell their lands to outsiders, so much so that tribes settled in there for decades are still treated as non-locals. Hence, this might become a contentious issue. Somewhat similar situation was faced previously in case of Gwadar Port project, and the socio-economic fall out has been said to be a major contributing factor in Baloch people of coastal belt becoming increasingly disenchanted. Putting an embargo on purchase of any land in the area by outsiders might turn out to be a reasonable option, if this issue is explored in more detail.

Stress on air quality

The health profile of the directly affected people in the area, as presented in the reports, depicts mainly water borne diseases. Respiratory issues emanating from indoor air pollution have also been encountered, but no major issues related to outdoor air pollution have been reported. Despite lack of primary data about air quality in the project area, it is safe to assume that ambient air quality in the project area is very clean. The project construction activity will have a substantial impact on the air quality, at least on the localized level. This could be accentuated due to the geographical conditions – narrow valleys and gulleys will lengthen the dilution time of air pollutants. Furthermore, cutting of more than 500,000 trees will also reduce the air pollution sink – replacing all those trees in almost non-conducive soil and climatic conditions will take a long time. The mitigation measures described in the reports might be strengthened, for example by adding a recommendation to appoint a chest / pulmonary specialist doctor in any nearby hospital on project finance, if the indirectly affected population could be profiled in more detail.

Potential Religious Tensions

Presumably, Diamer district is the only district in GB where almost the entire population is Sunni Muslim. People in the other districts of GB belong to other sects

(Shia and Aga Khani) of Islam. There has been substantial flare-up in religious tensions in the area in recent past. There has been incidents of religion-based murders and riots also. The overall development activity, through Government organizations and NGOs, is more visible in other parts of GB compared to Chilas, which might add to the prevalent religious tensions. As mentioned cursorily in the report, the only major development NGO in the area, The Aga Khan Foundation, do not, or can not, work in Chilas for religio-political reasons. There has been a major incident in which people belonging to Shia faith, going to Gilgit via Chilas, were stopped and murdered. The in-migrant population of labour, though temporary but still for around 10 years, is likely to be predominantly Sunni Muslim. Hence, Chilas will become a bigger hub of Sunni Muslims in the area, controlling the one major land route connecting the Shias of GB with the rest of the country.

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This issue has not been addressed in the report, but it is an important and intricate one. In our opinion, more detailed analysis of this issue, its possible implications, and mitigations are needed.

Inter-provincial Issues

According to the EIA report, the land record status in the project area is poor. People occupying the lands claim that it belongs to them, without having any documents.

The Government says it owns the lands, but again the documentation is absent. This matter has already been taken to the court, but now some out-of-court settlement seems to be forthcoming. However, very recently, a new facet has been added to this issue. According to latest news reports e.g. Daily Express Karachi, December 28, 20130, people belonging to Kohistan District of the KPK are also claiming that the project land belongs to them. There has been some argument about the issue between the officials of GB and KPK, according to the news. Although this does not seem probable at this time, but if some part of this claim is substantiated at a later stage, it will change the composition of the directly affected PAPs, as defined by the project. Therefore, this issue also needs to be looked into, and addressed in the project reports.

Accidents / incidents

The report indicates that manifold increase in the up and down traffic might become cause of incidents or accidents, resulting into fatalities, injuries or loss to property.

One of its mitigations is to create awareness amongst the project affected population. This will include those residents who are supposed to be indirectly affected by the project. Hence, their detailed quantification and locations are needed as inputs to awareness raising / training program to avoid traffic hazards.

Accessibility to District Headquarters in Chillas

This issue has also been dealt with in the reports. The only reason to highlight it here is to ensure that alternative…