A06_Attchmt18_OR_NoxiousWeedPolicyClassification_2019.pdf

Oregon Department of Agriculture

Noxious Weed Policy and Classification System

Noxious Weed Control Program

Address: 635 Capitol Street NE, Salem, Oregon 97301

Phone: (503) 986-4621 Fax: (503) 986-4786 www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Weeds/Pages/AboutWeeds.aspx

Mission Statement

To protect Oregon’s natural resources and agricultural economy from the invasion and proliferation of invasive noxious weeds.

Program Overview

The Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) Noxious Weed Control Program provides statewide leadership for coordination and management of state listed noxious weeds. The state program focuses on noxious weed control efforts by implementing early detection and rapid response projects for new invasive noxious weeds, implementing biological control, implementing statewide inventory and survey, assisting the public and cooperators through technology transfer and noxious weed education, maintaining noxious weed data and maps for priority listed noxious weeds, and assisting land managers and cooperators with integrated weed management projects. The Noxious Weed Control Program also supports the Oregon State Weed Board (OSWB) with administration of the OSWB Grant Program, developing statewide management objectives, developing weed risk assessments, and maintaining the state noxious weed list.

Tim Butler Program Manager tbutler@oda.state.or.us

(503) 986-4621

Table of Contents

Policy and Classification System………………………………………

Criteria…………………………………………………………………………. 3

Classification Definitions…………………………………………………….. 4

Weed Biological Control…………………………………………………….. 4

A Listed Weeds……………………………………………………………

B Listed Weeds.………………………………………………………………. 7

Noxious Weed Control Policy and Classification System

Definition

“Noxious weed” means a terrestrial, aquatic or marine plant designated by the Oregon State Weed Board under ORS 569.615 as among those representing the greatest public menace and as a top priority for action by weed control programs.

Noxious weeds have become so thoroughly established and are spreading so rapidly on private, state, county, and federally owned lands, that they have been declared by ORS 569.350 to be a menace to public welfare. Steps leading to eradication, where possible, and intensive control are necessary. It is further recognized that the responsibility for eradication and intensive control rests not only on the private landowner and operator, but also on the county, state, and federal governments.

Weed Control Policy

Therefore, it shall be the policy of ODA to:

1. Assess non-native plants through risk assessment processes and make recommendations to the Oregon State Weed Board for potential listing.

2. Rate and classify weeds at the state level.

3. Prevent the establishment and spread of listed noxious weeds.

4. Encourage and implement the control or containment of infestations of listed noxious weed species and, if possible, eradicate them.

5. Develop and manage a biological weed control program.

6. Increase awareness of potential economic losses and other undesirable effects of existing and newly invading noxious weeds, and to act as a resource center for the dissemination of information.

7. Encourage and assist in the organization and operation of noxious weed control programs with government agencies and other weed management entities.

8. Develop partnerships with county weed control districts, universities, and other cooperators in the development of control methods.

9. Conduct statewide noxious weed surveys and weed control efficacy studies.

Weed Classification System

The purpose of this Classification System is to:

1. Act as the ODA’s official guideline for prioritizing and implementing noxious weed control projects.

2. Assist the ODA in the distribution of available funds through the Oregon State Weed Board to assist county weed programs, cooperative weed management groups, private landowners, and other weed management entities.

3. Serve as a model for private and public sectors in developing noxious weed classification systems that aid in setting effective noxious weed control strategies.

Criteria for Determining Economic and Environmental Significance

Detrimental Effects

1. A plant species that causes or has the potential to cause severe negative impacts to Oregon’s agricultural economy and natural resources.

2. A plant species that has the potential to or does endanger native flora and fauna by its encroachment into forest, range, aquatic and conservation areas.

3. A plant species that has the potential or does hamper the full utilization and enjoyment of recreational areas.

4. A plant species that is poisonous, injurious, or otherwise harmful to humans and/or animals.

Plant Reproduction

1. A plant that reproduces by seed capable of being dispersed over wide areas or that is long-lived, or produced in large numbers.

2. A plant species that reproduces and spreads by tubers, creeping roots, stolons, rhizomes, or other natural vegetative means.

Distribution

1. A weed of known economic importance which occurs in Oregon in small enough infestations to make eradication/containment possible;

or not known to occur, but its presence in neighboring states makes future occurrence seem imminent.

2. A weed of economic or ecological importance and of limited distribution in Oregon.

3. A weed that has not infested the full extent of its potential habitat in Oregon.

Difficulty of Control

A plant species that is not easily controlled with current management practices such as chemical, cultural, biological, and physical methods.

Noxious Weed Control Classification Definitions

Noxious weeds, for the purpose of this system, shall be listed as either A or B, and may also be designated as T, which are priority targets for control, as directed by the Oregon State Weed Board.

• A Listed Weed:

A weed of known economic importance which occurs in the state in small enough infestations to make eradication or containment possible; or is not known to occur, but its presence in neighboring states make future occurrence in Oregon seem imminent (Table I).

Recommended action: Infestations are subject to eradication or intensive control when and where found.

• B Listed Weed:

A weed of economic importance which is regionally abundant, but which may have limited distribution in some counties (Table II).

Recommended action: Limited to intensive control at the state, county or regional level as determined on a site specific, case-by-case basis. Where implementation of a fully integrated statewide management plan is not feasible, biological control (when available) shall be the primary control method.

• T-Designated Weed (T):

A designated group of weed species that are selected and will be the focus for prevention and control by the Noxious Weed Control Program.

Action against these weeds will receive priority. T-designated noxious weeds are determined by the Oregon State Weed Board and directs ODA to develop and implement a statewide management plan. T-designated noxious weeds are species selected from either the A or B list.

Weed Biological Control

Oregon implements biological control, or “biocontrol” as part of its integrated pest management approach to managing noxious weeds. This is the practice of using host-specific natural enemies such as insects or pathogens to control noxious weeds. The Oregon Department of Agriculture Noxious Weed Program has adopted the International Code of Best Practices for biological control of weeds. Only safe, effective, and federally- approved natural enemies will be used for biocontrol.

Table I: A Listed Weeds Common Name Scientific Name

African rue (T) Peganum harmala Camelthorn Alhagi pseudalhagi Cape-ivy (T) Delairea odorata Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara Common frogbit Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Cordgrass Common Spartina anglica Dense-flowered (T) Spartina densiflora Saltmeadow (T) Spartina patens Smooth (T) Spartina alterniflora Delta arrowhead (T) Sagittaria platyphyla European water chestnut Trapa natans Flowering rush (T) Butomus umbellatus Garden yellow loosestrife (T) Lysimachia vulgaris Giant hogweed (T) Heracleum mantegazzianum Goatgrass Barbed (T) Aegilops triuncialis Ovate Aegilops ovata Goatsrue (T) Galega officinalis Hawkweed King-devil Hieracium piloselloides Mouse-ear (T) Hieracium pilosella Orange (T) Hieracium aurantiacum Yellow (T) Hieracium floribundum Hoary alyssum (T) Berteroa incana Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata Japanese dodder Cuscuta japonica Kudzu (T) Pueraria lobata Matgrass (T) Nardus stricta Oblong spurge (T) Euphorbia oblongata Paterson’s curse (T) Echium plantagineum Purple nutsedge Cyperus rotundus Ravennagrass (T) Saccharum ravennae Silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium Squarrose knapweed (T) Centaurea virgata

(T) T-Designated Weed (See page 4)

(Continued) Table I: A Listed Weeds

Starthistle Iberian (T) Centaurea iberica Purple (T) Centaurea calcitrapa Syrian bean-caper Zygophyllum fabago Thistle Plumeless (T) Carduus acanthoides Smooth distaff Carthamus baeticus Taurian (T) Welted (curly plumeless) (T)

Onopordum tauricum Carduus crispus

Woolly distaff (T) Carthamus lanatus Water soldiers Stratiotes aloides West Indian spongeplant Limnobium laevigatum White bryonia Bryonia alba Yellow floating heart (T) Nymphoides peltata Yellowtuft (T) Alyssum murale, A. corsicum

(T) T-Designated Weed (See page 4)

Table II: B Listed Weeds

Armenian (Himalayan) blackberry Rubus armeniacus (R. procerus, R.

discolor) Biddy-biddy Acaena novae-zelandiae Broom French* Genista monspessulana Portuguese (T) Cytisus striatus Scotch* Cytisus scoparius Spanish Spartium junceum Buffalobur Solanum rostratum Butterfly bush Buddleja davidii (B. variabilis) Common bugloss (T) Anchusa officinalis Common crupina Crupina vulgaris Common reed Phragmities australis ssp. australis Creeping yellow cress Rorippa sylvestris Cutleaf teasel Dipsacus laciniatus Dodder Smoothseed alfalfa Cuscuta approximata Five-angled Cuscuta pentagona Bigseed Cuscuta indecora Dyer’s woad Isatis tinctoria Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum False brome Brachypodium sylvaticum Field bindweed* Convolvulus arvensis Garlic mustard (T) Alliaria petiolata Geranium Herb Robert Geranium robertianum Shiny leaf Geranium lucidum Gorse* (T) Ulex europaeus Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale Indigo bush Amorpha fruticosa Ivy Atlantic English

Hedera hibernica Hedera helix

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

* Biocontrol (See page 4) (T) T-Designated Weed (See page 4)

(Continued) Table II: B Listed Weeds

Jointed goatgrass Aegilops cylindrica Jubata grass Cortaderia jubata Knapweed Diffuse* Centaurea diffusa Meadow* Centaurea pratensis Russian* Acroptilon repens Spotted* (T) Centaurea stoebe (C. maculosa) Knotweed Bohemian Fallopia x bohemica Giant Fallopia sachalinensis (Polygonum) Himalayan Polygonum polystachyum Japanese Fallopia japonica (Polygonum) Kochia Kochia scoparia Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria Meadow hawkweed (T) Pilosella caespitosum (Hieracium) Mediterranean sage* Salvia aethiopis Medusahead rye Taeniatherum caput-medusae Old man’s beard Clematis vitalba Parrot feather Myriophyllum aquaticum Perennial peavine Lathyrus latifolius Perennial pepperweed (T) Lepidium latifolium Pheasant’s eye Adonis aestivalis Poison hemlock* Conium maculatum Policeman’s helmet Impatiens glandulifera Puncturevine* Tribulus terrestris Purple loosestrife* Lythrum salicaria Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ribbongrass (T) Phalaris arundinacea var. Picta Rush skeletonweed* (T) Chondrilla juncea Saltcedar* (T) Tamarix ramosissima Small broomrape Orabanche minor South American waterweed Egeria densa (Elodea) Spanish heath Erica lusitanica Spikeweed Hemizonia pungens *Biocontrol (See page 4) (T) T-Designated Weed (See page 4)

(Continued) Table II: B Listed Weeds

Spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum Spurge laurel Daphne laureola Spurge Leafy* (T) Euphorbia esula Myrtle Euphorbia myrsinites St. Johnswort* Hypericum perforatum Sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta Swainsonpea Sphaerophysa salsula Tansy ragwort* (T) Senecio jacobaea (Jacobaea vulgaris) Thistle Bull* Cirsium vulgare Canada* Cirsium arvense Italian Carduus pycnocephalus Milk* Silybum marianum Musk* Carduus nutans Scotch Onopordum acanthium Slender-flowered* Carduus tenuiflorus Toadflax Dalmatian* (T) Linaria dalmatica Yellow* Linaria vulgaris Tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Ventenata grass Ventenata dubia Primrose Willow Large-flower (T) Water primrose (T) Floating (T)

Ludwigia grandiflora Ludwigia hexapetala Ludwigia peploides

Whitetop Hairy Lepidium pubescens Lens-podded Lepidium chalepensis Whitetop (hoary cress) Lepidium draba Yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon Yellow flag iris Iris pseudacorus Yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus Yellow starthistle* Centaurea solstitialis *Biocontrol (See page 4) (T) T-Designated Weed (See page 4)

2/2019