512-23121.JLM Chesterfield - Sidock - Civil Specs.pdf

Nowak & Fraus Engineers - 2023 Chesterfield Veterans Center Maintenance Building and Warehouse

512/23121.JLM

02 00 00 - 1

SECTION 02 00 00 – EXISTING CONDITIONS - GENERAL INFORMATION/SITE CONSTRUCTION

PART 1 – GENERAL

1.01 REQUIREMENTS, CODES

A. The GENERAL CONDITIONS and GENERAL REQUIREMENTS are made part of the Section.

B. Rules, regulations or laws of any controlling Governmental Agency shall govern, when they are more stringent than the requirements of this Section.

1.02 DEFINITIONS

A. Contractor. The Terms Contractor, and/or General Contractor shall be interchangeable and shall mean the Person, Firm, or Corporation entering into the Contract with the Owner to construct and install the Work covered by the Contract Documents.

B. Soils Engineer. A licensed Engineer retained for interpreting and making recommendations on geotechnical testing, quality control and aspects of the Work.

C. Engineer. Shall mean Nowak & Fraus Engineers through its Project Representatives.

D. Environmental Firm: Shall mean an environmental firm overseeing and documenting containment and/or legal disposal of contaminated ground water, soil and materials.

1.03 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS

A. A subsurface investigation may have been made by the Owner. If so, that information is bound herein, or available for review at the office of the Owner. The Owner makes no representation of subsurface conditions that may be encountered. Contractor is cautioned that he is responsible for any consequences of relying on subsurface data provided.

1.04 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. The Owner may select and pay for the services of a Soils Engineer to perform tests to verify compliance with the Plans and Specifications. The Contractor shall cooperate with the Soils Engineer to facilitate the testing in a safe and timely manner.

B. Work within street or highway rights-of-way shall meet requirements of the Governing Agency, and shall not begin without a permit.

1.05 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Noise producing activities shall be held to a minimum. The Contractor shall comply with all applicable noise abatement ordinances.

B. All areas within the construction site shall be kept sufficiently dampened to prevent dust. The

Contractor shall comply with all applicable anti-pollution ordinances.

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C. The Contractor shall assure that trucks leaving the site shall do so in such a manner that mud and earth will not be deposited on adjacent streets. Any mud or earth deposited on streets shall be promptly removed by the Contractor.

D. Pursue the Work to prevent soil erosion, and the transport of soils off-site. Perform the Work, and take preventative measures in compliance with applicable laws. Obtain all permits necessary for conducting the Work.

E. Fuel tanks located on-site by the Contractor shall be arranged with the appropriate containment measures so that spilled fuel will not enter a sewer or stream in caste of an accident or vandalism.

F. Contractor shall follow all applicable laws and regulations pertaining to known contamination areas or suspected contamination areas found during the work. Contractor shall review in full the Due Care Plan prepared by Atwell prior to commencement of work. The Due Care Plan shall be followed. In the event that suspected contaminants are found outside of the known area of contamination, contractor must suspend operations in the area of said suspected contaminants and alert the Owner and Environmental Firm, otherwise, Contractor must plan and coordinate operations with Environmental Firm in area known to be contaminated prior to performing work within said area to minimize delays on the project. Contractor shall not be compensated for delay time in this case, and work to dispose of or handle suspected contaminants must be performed by a contractor with expertise in handling or disposing of contaminated ground water, soil and materials.

1.06 TEMPORARY SUSPENSION OF THE WORK

A. The Contractor shall have the authority to suspend the Work entirely or in part for such period or periods of time as he may deem necessary:

1. Due to unsuitable weather or such other conditions that are considered unfavorable for the satisfactory execution of the Work;

2. Due to unsafe working conditions as outlined in General Conditions

B. Such suspension of Work shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility to complete the project within the Contract period. If is should become necessary to stop work for some period, the Contractor shall take every precaution to prevent damage or deterioration of the Work already performed.

C. If the Contractor stops Work due to unsafe work environment, he shall take immediate steps to correct the situation and return the Work area to a safe environment.

1.07 JOB CONDITIONS

A. Utilities: Certain utility lines may be indicated within the Contract limit lines; others may exist within these lines and may be found upon inspection the Site. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to contact all Utility Companies or Authorities which may be reasonably expected to have utilities in the area. He shall locate exactly any and all utilities and maintain in operating condition all active utilities, sewers, and drains encountered during construction. The Contractor shall repair to the satisfaction of the Utility Owner any improvement damaged during the course of the Work.

Active utilities shall be removed and relocated only as directed by the Utility Owner or

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Authorities having jurisdiction. Existing utilities that are indicated to be removed shall be coordinated with the Utility Owner prior to the removal of said utilities. The Contractor shall report to the Utility Owner any existing damage prior to commencing Work.

B. Existing Facilities: The Contractor shall protect all existing facilities and all natural features that are not shown to be disturbed. The Contractor shall restore to their present condition any utility easement or public right-of-way that is disturbed by the Work under these Specifications to the satisfaction of the Governmental Agency that has jurisdiction.

C. Permits, Inspection and Codes: The Contractor shall secure, comply with, and pay for all permits required by Ordinance or Law and for all inspections as required.

1.08 PROTECTION AND SHORING

A. The Contractor shall protect all existing facilities within the Site, and shall provide and install sheeting, shoring and bracing and take all necessary precautions to maintain support for structures, utilities and appurtenances.

B. The Contractor shall repair promptly any damage resulting from his operation to the satisfaction of the Owner, at no expense to the Owner. The Contractor shall report to the Owner any existing damage before beginning Work.

C. The Contractor shall provide and maintain temporary pedestrian and vehicular traffic routes.

Provide lights, barricades, pavement markings, guard rails, signs and other protective devices necessary for safe operation. Remove after permanent facilities are completed.

PART 2 – PRODUCTS – Not applicable

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.01 SITE INSPECTION

A. Visit the Site: The Contractor shall visit the Site to become thoroughly familiar with the existing Site Conditions. A full understanding by the Contractor of the facilities, difficulties and restrictions attending execution of the Work is mandatory. The Contractor shall verify the location of all pertinent items. No additional compensation will be allowed for failure of the Contractor to be so informed.

B. Monuments: The Contractor shall locate and maintain all permanent bench marks, monuments and other reference points. If destroyed or disturbed by the Contractor, they shall be replaced as directed by the applicable Local Authority at no expense to the Owner.

3.02 LAYOUT AND GRADE CONTROL

A. Staking and Checking: The Contractor shall engage the services of the Engineer to establish and maintain site control, both horizontal and vertical, for all aspects of layout, of which shall be overseen by a Registered Land Surveyor to provide direct supervision of the surveying Work, including staking for construction. The Contractor shall carefully and thoroughly review the Plans and the field staking and shall immediately notify the Engineer of any errors or inconsistencies.

02 00 00 - 4

3.03 MAINTENANCE OF DRAINAGE

A. Drain Operations: Contractor shall maintain existing drainage systems, and prevent flooding of the site and adjacent properties due to his operations. The Contractor shall stage work to assure proper drainage to and from the Site during construction, and shall avoid draining the Site to areas used by pedestrians or vehicular traffic. See also Section 1.05.F. Environmental Requirements.

END OF SECTION 02 00 00

02- 21-13 -1

SECTION 02 21 13 – SITE SURVEYS

A. The drawings indicate physical dimensions, existing elevations and general topography of site, with existing below-grade improvements, underground utilities and similar items being indicated where known.

B. Locations of existing utilities are shown using best information available but with no guaranty that indicated locations are accurate or that lines other than those shown may not be present.

C. Bidder and those Sub-bidders affected by site conditions shall be fully responsible for any deductions or conclusions made on the basis of this information and that of any additional site inspections, if made.

1.1 SITE SURVEY

A. Site survey data is not part of the Contract Documents.

B. Site survey data is provided only for information and the convenience of Bidders. It is expressly understood and agreed that there is no guarantee as to the sufficiency or accuracy of the site survey thus made, the records thereof, or of the interpretation set forth therein, and there is no warranty or guaranty, either expressed or implied, that the conditions indicated by such site survey or records thereof are of those existing throughout such areas, or any part thereof or that unforeseen conditions may not occur, or that materials or conditions other than those indicated, may be encountered.

C. Site survey was conducted at the site, and the Owner has furnished data regarding conditions in the area where work is to be performed under the Contract. Such site survey was made only for the purpose of study and design.

D. A site survey was prepared by Nowak & Fraus Engineers, and is included with the drawings for use and convenience to each Bidder, but is not part of the Contract Documents.

E. Bidder and Sub-bidders may, at their option and without cost to Owner, and upon receiving Owner’s written authorization, make additional investigations to further determine site conditions and to properly provide for required construction. Bidder and sub-bidders shall provide insurance protecting and holding Owner and Engineer harmless from claims arising from this work due to bodily injury, including death, and due to property damage to Owner’s or other’s property.

END OF SECTION 02 21 13

02 41 00- 1

SECTION 02 41 00 – SITE DEMOLITION

GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes

1. Demolition of structures, paving, and utilities.

2. Filling voids created as a result of removals or demolition.

3. Removal or capping off of existing utilities, underground structures, septic tanks, disposal fields, etc.

4. Removal from site and disposal of all excess and unusable material.

B. Related Sections

1. Section 02 00 00 – Existing Conditions - General Information/Site Construction

2. Section 31 14 13.23 – Topsoil Stripping and Stockpiling

3. Section 31 10 00 – Site Clearing

4. Section 31 20 00 – Earthmoving

1.2 REFERENCED STANDARDS

A. All work under this section shall be completed in general conformance with the local municipality codes as well as the Michigan Department of Transportation’s (MDOT) standard specifications for construction (current edition), MDOT’s standard plans (current edition), MDOT’s quality assurance procedures manual (current edition), and as specified herein.

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. The Contractor shall visit the Site so that a full understanding of the difficulties and restrictions affecting execution of the Contract are made. Verify the location of all pertinent items. No additional compensation will be allowed for failure to be so informed.

B. The Contractor shall submit a schedule indicating proposed sequence of operations for selective demolition work to the Owner for review prior to commencing work. Include coordination for shutoff, capping, and continuation of utility services as required, together with details for dust and noise control protection.

1.4 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

A. Conform to applicable State and local codes for demolition of structures, safety of adjacent structures, dust control, and runoff control.

B. Obtain required permits and licenses from appropriate authorities. Pay associated fees including disposal charges.

C. Notify affected utility companies before starting work and comply with their requirements.

D. Do not close or obstruct public or private roadways, sidewalks, or fire hydrants without appropriate permits or written authorization.

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E. Conform to applicable regulatory procedures when hazardous or contaminated materials are discovered.

F. Test soils around buried tanks for contamination.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Project Record Documents: Accurately record actual locations of capped utilities and subsurface obstructions that will remain after demolition. Submit record as part of closeout submittals.

1.6 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Existing structures, utilities, drives, walks, etc., have been shown on the Plans in their approximate location, others may exist and may be found upon visiting the Site. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to accurately locate all facilities and to determine their extent.

If such facilities obstruct the progress of the Work and are not indicated to be removed or relocated, they shall be removed or relocated only as directed by the Owner.

B. Structures to be demolished will be discontinued in use and vacated prior to start of work.

C. Owner assumes no responsibility for condition of structures to be demolished.

D. Contractor shall investigate the possibility of existing septic tanks and drain fields near the location of existing foundations, prior to demolition. In the event that any possible septic tanks exist, this Contractor shall make further investigations, as necessary, to locate the septic tank and drain fields. Any septic tank and drain field found to exist shall be removed in accordance with the requirements of State and Local Health Departments.

E. Conditions existing at time of inspection for bidding purposes will be maintained by Owner as reasonably practical. Variations within structures may occur by Owner's removal and salvage operations prior to start of demolition work.

F. Unless otherwise indicated in Contract Documents or specified by the Owner, items of salvageable value to Contractor shall be removed from site and structures. Storage or sale of removed items on site will not be permitted and shall not interfere with other work specified.

G. Natural features which are not subject to changes by reason of the Drawings and Specifications shall not be defaced or injured in any manner.

H. Restore to their present conditions any pavement or public right-of-way that is disturbed by the Work under this Section. All pavement restoration work in pubic rights-of-way shall be performed to the proper satisfaction of the governmental agencies having jurisdiction thereover.

I. When the premises adjacent to areas of selective demolition will be occupied during construction. Conduct selective demolition Work in a manner that will minimize disruption of normal business operations. Provide 72 hours advance written notice to the Owner of activities that will affect normal business operations.

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J. Damages: Promptly repair damages caused to adjacent facilities by demolition Work.

K. Do not close, block, or otherwise obstruct streets, walks, or other occupied or used facilities without written permission from authorities having jurisdiction. Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways as required by governing regulations.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 FILL MATERIALS

A. Fill material shall be aggregate fill materials as specified in Section 02300 (2.1.G.2).

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Provide, erect, and maintain erosion control devices, temporary barriers, and security devices at locations indicated on Construction Drawings.

B. Protect existing landscaping materials, appurtenances, and structures, which are not to be demolished. Repair damage to existing items to remain caused by demolition operations.

C. Prevent movement or settlement of adjacent structures. Provide bracing and shoring as necessary.

D. Mark location of utilities. Protect and maintain in safe and operable condition utilities that are to remain. Prevent interruption of existing utility service to occupied or used facilities, except when authorized in writing by authorities having jurisdiction. Provide temporary services during interruptions to existing utilities as acceptable to governing authorities and Owner.

3.2 GENERAL DEMOLITION REQUIREMENTS

A. Conduct demolition to minimize interference with adjacent structures or pavements to remain.

B. Cease operations immediately if adjacent structures appear to be in danger. Notify authority having jurisdiction. Do not resume operations until directed by authority.

C. Conduct operations with minimum of interference to public or private access. Maintain ingress and egress at all times.

D. Sprinkle work with water to minimize dust. Provide hoses and water connections for this purpose.

E. Comply with governing regulations pertaining to environmental protection.

F. Clean adjacent structures and improvements of dust, dirt, and debris caused by demolition operations. Return adjacent areas to condition existing prior to start of work.

3.3 DEMOLITION

02 41 00- 4

A. Perform demolition Work in a systematic manner. Use such methods as required to complete Work indicated on Drawings in accordance with demolition schedule and governing regulations.

1. Sawcut asphalt pavement at limits indicated for removal to a minimum depth of 3”.

2. Concrete pavement shall be removed to the joint nearest the indicated removal limit or sawcut full depth at removal limits or where specifically directed.

3. Where piping is to be bulkheaded, provide a permanent, water-tight plug consisting of brick and concrete mortar, one foot thick or prefabricated plugs intended for this purpose.

4. Check with the Sewer Department, Water Company and Gas Company to assure that all utilities and services are inoperative prior to their removal.

5. Maintain in operating conditions all active utilities, sewers and drains encountered.

6. The Contractor shall use extreme caution in removing any structures and utilities above and below grade to prevent damage to existing utilities which are to remain in service.

Any existing utilities which are in any way damaged shall be replaced at no additional cost to the Owner.

B. Demolish site improvements designated to be removed as shown on the drawings. Site improvements shall include but not be limited to structures, retaining walls, foundations, pavements, curbs and gutters, drainage structures, utilities, signage or landscaping.

C. Disconnect and cap or remove utilities to be abandoned as shown on the drawings.

D. Fill or remove underground tanks, piping, and appurtenances as shown.

E. Demolish buildings completely and remove from site using methods as required to complete work within limitations of governing regulations. Small structures may be removed intact when acceptable to Owner and authorities having jurisdiction.

F. Locate demolition equipment and remove materials to prevent excessive loading to supporting walls, floors, or framing.

G. Demolish concrete and masonry in small sections. Break up concrete slabs-on-grade that are 2-feet or more below proposed subgrade to permit moisture drainage. Remove slabs-on-grade and below grade construction within 2-feet of proposed subgrade.

3.4 FILLING BASEMENTS AND VOIDS

A. Completely fill below grade areas and voids resulting from demolition or removal of structures, underground fuel storage tanks, wells, cisterns, etc., using aggregate fill materials consisting of stone, gravel, or sand free from debris, trash, frozen materials, roots, and other organic matter.

B. Areas to be filled shall be free of standing water, frost, frozen or unsuitable material, trash, and debris prior to fill placement.

02 41 00- 5

C. Place fill materials in accordance with Section 02300 unless subsequent excavation for new work is required.

D. Grade surface to match adjacent grades and to provide flow of surface drainage after fill placement and compaction.

E. Utilize flowable fill (non-shrink grout) in areas where machine compaction of fill is not feasible.

3.5 DISPOSAL OF DEMOLISHED MATERIALS

A. Remove from site debris, rubbish, and other materials resulting from demolition operations.

Leave areas of work in clean condition.

B. No burning of any material, debris, or trash on-site or off-site will be allowed except when allowed by appropriate governing authority and Owner. If allowed as stated above, burning shall be performed in manner prescribed by governing authority. Attend burning materials until fires have burned out and have been completely extinguished.

C. Transport materials removed from demolished structures with appropriate vehicles and dispose off-site to areas that are approved for disposal by governing authorities and appropriate property owners.

END OF SECTION 02 41 00

31 10 00- 1

SECTION 31 10 00 - SITE CLEARING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes

1. Cleaning site of debris, grass, trees, and other plant life in preparation for site or building earthwork.

2. Protection of existing structures, trees, or vegetation indicated on the Construction

Drawings to remain.

B. Related Sections

1. Section 31 14 13.23 - Topsoil Stripping and Stockpiling

2. Section 02 41 13 - Demolition

3. Section 01 56 39 - Tree and Plant Protection

4. Section 31 20 00 - Earthmoving

5. Section 31 25 00 - Erosion and Sedimentation Controls

1.2 REFERENCED STANDARDS

A. All work under this section shall be completed in general conformance with the local municipalities, as well as the Michigan Department of Transportation’s (MDOT) standard specifications for construction (current edition), MDOT’s standard plans (current edition), MDOT’s construction manual (current edition), MDOT’s quality assurance procedures manual (current edition), and as specified herein.

1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Construct temporary erosion control systems as shown on Construction Drawings or as directed by the "Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan" (SWPPP) and/or the Engineer to protect adjacent properties and water resources from erosion and sedimentation.

B. In event that site work on this project will disturb 5 or more acres; Contractor shall not begin construction without "National Pollution Discharge Elimination System" (NPDES) permit governing discharge of storm water from site for entire construction period.

C. Contractor shall conduct storm water management practices in accordance with NPDES permit and shall enforce action taken or imposed by Federal or State agencies, including cost of fines, construction delays, and remedial actions resulting from Contractor's failure to comply with provisions of NPDES permit.

31 10 00- 2

1.4 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Conditions existing at time of inspection for bidding purposes will be maintained by Owner as reasonably practical.

B. Prior to commencement of site clearing, inspect areas in which work will be performed.

Photograph existing conditions at above-grade improvements and surrounding properties; file with Owner/Owner’s Representative/General Contractor/Construction Manager prior to the start of work.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

Not Used

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Identify existing plant life that is to remain and verify clearing limits are clearly tagged, identified, and marked in such manner as to ensure their protection throughout construction operations.

B. Prior to commencement of site clearing, inspect areas in which work will be performed.

Photograph existing conditions at above-grade improvements and surrounding properties; file with Owner/Owner’s Representative/General Contractor/Construction Manager prior to the start of work.

3.2 PROTECTION

A. Provide protection necessary to prevent damage to existing improvements indicated to remain in place.

B. Protect improvements on adjoining properties and on Owner’s property.

C. Verify utility locations with Owner and utility companies and protect existing utilities that are to remain.

D. Restore damaged improvements to their original condition as acceptable to parties having jurisdiction.

E. Protect existing trees and vegetation indicated to remain in place, against unnecessary cutting, breaking or skinning or roots, skinning or bruising of bark, smothering of trees by stockpiling construction materials or excavated materials within drip line, excess foot or vehicular traffic, or parking of vehicles within drip line. Provide temporary guards to protect trees and vegetation to remain.

F. Water trees and other vegetation to remain within limits of Contract work as required to maintain health during course of construction activities.

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G. Provide protection for roots over 1-1/2 inch diameter cut during construction activities. Coat cut faces with emulsified asphalt, or other acceptable coating, formulated for use on damaged plant tissue. Temporarily cover exposed roots with wet burlap to prevent roots from drying out;

cover with earth as soon as possible.

H. Repair or replace trees and vegetation indicated to remain, which are damaged by construction activities, in manner acceptable to Owner/Architect/Engineer/Landscape Architect. Employ a licensed arborist to repair damages to trees and shrubs.

I. Conduct operations with minimum interference to public or private accesses and facilities.

Maintain ingress and egress at all times and clean or sweep roadways daily as required by SWPPP or governing authority. Dust control shall be provided with sprinkling systems or equipment provided by Contractor.

J. Protect benchmarks, property corners, and other survey monuments from damage or displacement. If marker needs to be removed it shall be referenced by a licensed land surveyor and replaced, as necessary, in kind.

K. Provide traffic control as required, in accordance with the “Michigan Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices” and applicable Michigan Department of Transportation or governing authority requirements.

3.3 EQUIPMENT

A. Material shall be transported to and from the project site using well-maintained and operating vehicles. Transporting vehicles operating on site shall stay on designated haul roads and shall not endanger improvements by rutting, overloading, or pumping.

3.4 CLEARING

A. General: Remove trees, shrubs, grass and other vegetation, improvements or obstructions as required to permit installation of new construction. Remove similar items elsewhere on site or premises as specifically indicated. Removal includes digging out and off-site disposal of stumps and roots.

B. Cut minor roots and branches of trees indicated to remain in a clean and careful manner, where such roots and branches obstruct installation of new construction. Refer to Section 02235.

C. Relocating Existing Trees: Perform tree relocation work prior to commencing site construction.

D. Stake and label new locations as directed by Owner/Owner’s Representative/Architect/ General Contractor/Construction Manager/Landscape Architect.

E. Use approved hand or machine relocation methods.

F. Comply with all applicable requirements specified herein and with the American Association of Nurserymen’s “American Standard for Nursery Stock”.

31 10 00- 4

G. Topsoil: Topsoil is defined as friable clay loam surface soil found in a depth of not less than 4 inches. Satisfactory topsoil is reasonably free of subsoil, clay lumps, stones and other objects over 2 inches in diameter, and without weeds, roots and other objectionable material.

H. Strip topsoil to whatever depths encountered in a manner to prevent intermingling with underlying subsoil or other objectionable material.

I. Remove heavy growth of grass from areas before stripping.

J. Where existing trees are indicated to remain, leave existing topsoil in place within drip lines to prevent damage to root system.

K. Stockpile topsoil in storage piles where directed. Construct storage piles to provide free drainage of surface water. Cover storage piles, if required, to prevent wind blown dust.

L. Dispose of unsuitable topsoil same as specified for disposal of waste material.

M. Clearing and Grubbing: Clear site of trees, shrubs and other vegetation where specifically indicated and as directed by Owner/Architect/Engineer/Landscape Architect.

N. Completely remove stumps, roots and other debris protruding through ground surface.

O. Use only hand methods for grubbing inside drip line of trees to remain.

P. Fill depressions caused by clearing and grubbing operations with satisfactory soil material, unless further excavation or earthwork is indicated.

Q. Refer to applicable sections for earth material, placement, compaction and grading requirements.

3.5 DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIALS

A. Burning is not permitted on Owner's property.

B. Remove waste materials and unsuitable topsoil from Owner's property and dispose of off site in a legal manner.

C. Refer to Due Care Plan for suspected or known contaminants.

END OF SECTION 31 10 00

31 14 13 -1

SECTION 31 14 13 – TOPSOIL STRIPPING AND STOCKPILING

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section includes:

1. Topsoil removal and stockpiling as indicated in the Construction Documents.

B. Related sections:

1. Section 02 00 00 – Existing Conditions - General Information/Site Construction

2. Section 31 10 00 – Site Clearing

3. Section 31 20 00 – Earthmoving

PART 2 – PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. Topsoil: Topsoil shall be relatively free from roots, sticks, weeds, brush or stones larger than 1-in in diameter or other litter or waste products. It shall be a loamy mixture having at least 90 percent passing a No. 10 sieve. A sample, free from extraneous materials, shall comply to the following requirements.

1. Organic Matter: Topsoil shall contain not less than 10 percent organic matter as determined by the test for organic matter, AASHTO T 194.

2. Clay: The topsoil shall contain not less than 12 percent clay or more than 50 percent as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 88.

3. Sand: The sand content shall not exceed 55 percent as determined in accordance with

AASHTO T 88.

4. pH: The pH of the sample shall not be less than 5.0 nor higher than 8.0. The pH shall be determined with an acceptable pH meter, on that portion of the sample passing a No. 10 sieve, in accordance with ASTM D-4972, pH of soils.

B. If sufficient topsoil is not available at the Site or the Contractor elects the option to secure topsoil elsewhere, the Contractor must receive the Owner’s approval of material in writing prior to securing topsoil. All topsoil secured off Site must meet other requirements of this Section.

31 14 13 -2

3.1 TOPSOIL REMOVAL

A. Excavate or strip topsoil in all cut-and-fill areas and stockpile for later use in connection with finish grading. Excavate topsoil to the depths directed by Owner, as required to remove all organic material from subgrade, but not less than 2-in. Transport and deposit topsoil in stockpiles at designated locations in a manner convenient for spreading and finish grading. Removal of topsoil includes removal all roots, debris, vegetation and stones 3-in. or larger and other undesirable material prior to stockpiling. (This removal does not include grass or grass roots in the topsoil.)

3.2 STOCKPILING

A. Stockpile excavated topsoil, separate from other excavated materials for later use. Stockpile area shall be cleared and grubbed prior to placing any topsoil. Keep stockpile free of all undesirable materials. Make stockpiles neatly shaped, and free to drain. Place stockpiles at locations shown on Drawings or as directed by Owner. Cover storage piles, as required, to prevent wind blown dust.

END OF SECTION 31 14 13

31 20 00 -1

SECTION 31 20 00 - EARTHMOVING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Section Includes:

1. Excavation, filling, and backfilling for structures, pavement, and out parcels.

2. Trenching and backfilling for utilities.

3. Dewatering.

4. Boring under crossings.

B. Related Sections

1. Section 02 00 00 - General Information/Site Construction

2. Section 31 10 00 - Site Clearing

3. Section 01 56 39 - Tree and Plant Protection

4. Section 31 23 16 - Rock Excavation

5. Section 31 32 00 - Soil Stabilization

6. Section 31 25 00 - Erosion and Sedimentation Controls

7. Section 31 37 00 - Rip-rap

8. Section 33 11 00 - Water Utility Distribution Piping

9. Section 33 30 00 - Sanitary Sewerage Utilities

10. Section 33 40 00 - Storm Drainage Utilities

11. Section 32 12 16 - Asphaltic Concrete Paving

12. Section 32 13 13 – Concrete Paving

1.2 REFERENCED STANDARDS

A. All work under this section shall be completed in general conformance with the Michigan Department of Transportation’s (MDOT) standard specifications for construction (current edition), MDOT’s standard plans (current edition), MDOT’s construction manual (current edition), MDOT’s quality assurance procedures manual (current edition), and as specified herein.

B. ASTM International (ASTM)

1. ASTM D 422 - Standard Test Method For Particle Size Analysis of Soil 2.

3. ASTM D 698 - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort

(12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN.m/m3)) 4.

5. ASTM D 1557 - Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort

(56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 Kn.m/m3)) 6.

7. ASTM D 2922 - Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate In Place by Nuclear Methods

(Shallow Depth) 8.

9. ASTM D 4318 - Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils

C. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

1. AASHTO T 88 - Particle Size Analysis of Soils

31 20 00 -2

D. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

1. NFPA 70 - National Electrical Code

E. American Water Works Association (AWWA)

1. AWWA C200 - Standard For Steel Water Pipe - 6 In. (150 Mm) And Larger

2. AWWA C206 - Field Welding Of Steel Water Pipe

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. A Geotechnical Soils Engineer (GSE) and/or an Independent Testing Laboratory (ITL), selected and paid for by the Owner, will be retained to perform construction testing on site.

1. The GSE/ITL shall provide field soil engineering recommendations and prepare test reports that indicate test location, elevation data, and test results. Owner, Engineer, and Contractor shall be provided with copies of reports within 96 hours of time that test was performed. In event that test performed fails to meet Specifications, the independent testing laboratory shall notify Owner and Contractor immediately.

2. Costs related to retesting due to failures shall be paid for by the Contractor at no additional expense to Owner. Contractor shall provide free access to site for testing activities.

3. Quality assurance testing will be conducted in accordance with Paragraph “Quality Assurance Testing and Inspection” in Part 3 hereinafter.

4. In the event that specifications herein conflict with the recommendations of the onsite GSE, the recommendations of the onsite GSE shall prevail.

1.4 DEFINITIONS

A. Satisfactory Materials: Engineered fill shall consist of granular and/or clay soil material as recommended by the GSE/ITL based upon site conditions.

1. Clay fill material shall further conform to the plasticity index and liquid limits (PI and

LL) recommended by the GSE/ITL.

2.

3. Satisfactory materials shall be free of rock or gravel larger than allowed for fill or backfill material as specified hereinafter or as shown on the drawings.

4.

5. Satisfactory materials shall contain no debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter.

6.

B. Unsatisfactory Materials: Materials which do not comply with the requirements for satisfactory materials are unsatisfactory.

1. Unsatisfactory materials also include man-made fills; trash; refuse; backfills from previous construction; and material classified as satisfactory materials which contains root and other organic matter or frozen material. The ITL shall be notified of any contaminated materials.

2. Unsatisfactory materials also include satisfactory materials not maintained within 2 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

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A. Test Reports: The GSE/ITL shall submit the following reports directly to the Owner/Architect/Engineer for testing services, with copy to the Owner’s Representative/General Contractor/Construction Manager.

1. Report and certification of drainage fill and pipe bedding materials.

2. Test reports on borrow material.

3. Field reports for in-place soil density tests.

4. One optimum moisture-maximum density curve for each type soil encountered.

5. Report of actual unconfined compressive strength and/or results of bearing tests for each stratum tested.

6. Field Reports: Observation of proof rolling, noting areas exhibiting excessive pumping or yielding.

B. Submit 30-pound sample of each type of off-site fill material that is to be used at the site in airtight containers to the independent testing laboratory or submit gradation and certification of aggregate material that is to be used at the site to the independent testing laboratory for review.

C. Submit certification that all material obtained from off-site sources complies with specification requirements.

D. Submit name of each material supplier and specific type and source of each material. Change in source throughout project requires approval of Owner.

E. If fabrics or geogrids are to be used, design shall be submitted for approval to Owner.

F. Submit Dewatering Plans upon request by Owner.

G. Shop drawings or details pertaining to excavating and filling are not required unless otherwise shown on the Drawings or if contrary procedures to Construction Documents are proposed.

H. Shop drawings or details pertaining to site utilities are not required unless required by regulatory authorities or unless uses of materials, methods, equipment, or procedures that are contrary to The Drawings or Specifications are proposed. Do not perform work until Owner has accepted required shop drawings.

I. Contact utility companies and determine if additional easements will be required to complete project. Provide written confirmation of the status of all easements to Owner at time of Preconstruction Conference or no later than 90 days prior to project possession date.

1.6 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Site Information: Where applicable, data in subsurface geo-technical investigation reports was used for the basis of the design and are provided in this project manual for information only.

Conditions are not intended as representations or warranties of accuracy or continuity between soil borings. The Owner will not be responsible for interpretations or conclusions drawn from this data by the Contractor.

1. The Contractor may perform additional test borings and other exploratory operations, at the Contractor's option; however, no change in the contract Sum will be authorized for such additional exploration. Procure Architect's / Engineer’s approval prior to testing.

2. Refer to geotechnical report, if available.

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B. Existing Utilities: Locate existing underground utilities in areas of excavation work. If utilities are to remain in place, provide adequate means of support and protection during earthwork operations.

1. Should uncharted, or incorrectly charted piping or other utilities be encountered during excavation, consult utility owner immediately for directions. Cooperate with Owner and utility companies in keeping respective services and facilities in operation. Repair damaged utilities to satisfaction of utility Owner.

2. DO NOT interrupt existing utilities serving facilities occupied by the Owner, except when permitted in writing by the Owner, and then only after acceptable temporary utility services have been provided.

a. Provide minimum 48 hour notice.

C. Use of Explosives: The use of explosives is not permitted.

D. Protection of Persons and Property:

1. Barricade open excavation occurring as part of this work and post with warning lights.

2. Operate warning lights as recommended by authorities having jurisdiction.

3. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, erosion and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

4. Perform excavation by hand within drip line of large trees to remain. Protect root systems from damage or dry out to the greatest extent possible. Maintain moist condition for root system and cover exposed roots with moistened burlap.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SOIL AND ROCK MATERIALS

A. Fill and Backfill. Satisfactory materials excavated from the site.

B. Imported Fill Material: Satisfactory material provided from offsite borrow areas when sufficient satisfactory materials are not available from required excavations.

C. Trench Backfill: ASTM D 2321 unless otherwise specified or shown on the drawings.

D. Building Subbase Material: Subbase for building and appurtenances slabs on ground is specified in Section 03 30 00 as applicable.

E. Bedding: Aggregate Type as indicated on the plans or naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; except with 100 percent passing a 1-inch sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No.200 sieve.

F. Base: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; with at least 95 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

G. Backfill and Fill Materials: “Satisfactory” soil materials free of clay, rock or gravel larger than 2 inches in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation and other deleterious matter.

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1. Granular Backfill: Clean, natural, coarse bank run sand, conforming to requirements for MDOT Class II or ASTM C 33, materials.

2. Aggregate Backfill: Crushed limestone conforming to MDOT aggregate 21AA or 22AA.

H. Engineered Fill:

1. Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; with at least 90 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

2. Clay: Only as directed by the GSE/ITL

I. Impervious Fill: Clayey mixture without granular materials capable of compacting to a dense composite as acceptable to Testing and Inspecting Agency.

J. Coarse Aggregate: As indicated on drawings.

K. Aggregate Surfaces and Shoulders: Surfaces on which no bituminous or concrete pavement is to be placed; crushed stone or gravel conforming to MDOT aggregate 21AA, 22AA, 22A or 23A.

L. Drainage Fill: Washed, narrowly graded mixture of crushed stone, or crushed or uncrushed gravel; ASTM D 448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 57; with 100 percent passing a 1-1/2- inch sieve and 0 to 5 percent passing a No.8 sieve.

M. Filter Material: Narrowly graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, or crushed stone and natural sand; ASTM D 448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 67; with 100 percent passing a 1-inch sieve and 0 to 5 percent passing a No.4 sieve.

N. Topsoil: Topsoil shall consist of organic surficial soil found in depth of no less than 4-inches, unless otherwise defined elsewhere in the Contract Documents.

2.2 APPURTENANT MATERIALS

A. Stabilization fabrics and geogrids: As specified in Section 31 32 19 if required or plan or site conditions.

B. Filter and drainage fabrics: As specified in Section 31 32 19 if required on plan or site conditions.

C. Steel Casing Pipe: Comply with AWWA C200 minimum grade B, size, and wall thickness as indicated on The Drawings.

D. Trench Utility Locator Tape: Heavy duty 6" wide underground warning tape. Tape shall be made from polyethylene material, 3.5 mils thick, with a minimum tensile strength of 1,750 psi.

Place the tape at one-half the minimum depth of cover for the utility line or a maximum of 3 feet, which ever is the less, but never above the top of subgrade. Color of tape shall be determined by as follows:

1. Natural Gas or Propane - Yellow

2. Electric - Red

3. Telephone – Orange

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4. Water – Blue

5. Sanitary Sewer – Green

2.3 EQUIPMENT

A. Transport off-site materials to project using well-maintained and operating vehicles. Once on site, transporting vehicles shall stay on designated haul roads and shall at no time endanger improvements by rutting, overloading, or pumping.

2.4 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL

A. Laboratory testing of materials proposed for use in the project shall be by the Independent Testing Laboratory at no cost to Contractor, unless otherwise indicated. The Contractor shall provide samples of material obtained off-site.

B. In areas to receive pavement, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or Limerock Bearing Ratio (LBR) tests shall be performed for each type of material that is imported from off-site. CBR or LBR value shall be equal to or above pavement design subgrade CBR or LBR value indicated on Construction Drawings, or within the geotechnical report.

C. Following tests shall be performed on each type of on-site or imported soil material used as compacted fill:

1. Moisture and Density Relationship: ASTM D 698 or ASTM D 1557.

2. Mechanical Analysis: AASHTO T 88 or ASTM D422.

3. Plasticity Index: ASTM D 4318

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Identify required lines, levels, contours, datum, elevations, and grades necessary for construction as shown on the drawings.

B. Notify utility companies to remove or relocate public utilities that are in conflict with proposed improvements.

C. Protect plant life, lawns, fences, existing structures, sidewalks, paving, and curbs, unless otherwise noted on the drawings from excavating equipment and vehicular traffic.

D. Protect benchmarks, property corners, and other survey monuments from damage or displacement. If marker needs to be removed it shall be referenced by licensed land surveyor and replaced, as necessary, by same.

E. Remove from site, material encountered in grading operations that, in opinion of Owner or the Owner’s Independent Testing Laboratory (ITL) is unsatisfactory material or undesirable for backfilling, subgrade, or foundation purposes. Dispose of in manner satisfactory to Owner and local governing agencies. Backfill areas with layers of satisfactory material and compact as specified herein.

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F. Prior to placing fill in low areas, such as previously existing creeks, ponds, or lakes, perform following procedures:

1. Drain water out by gravity with ditch having flow line lower than lowest elevation in low area. If drainage cannot be performed by gravity ditch, use adequate pump to obtain the same results.

2. After drainage of low area is complete, remove muck, mud, debris, and other unsatisfactory material by using acceptable equipment and methods that will keep natural soils underlying low area dry and undisturbed.

3. All muck, mud, and other materials removed from low areas shall be dried on-site by spreading in thin layers for observation by the ITL. Material shall be inspected and, if found to be satisfactory for use as fill material, shall be incorporated into lowest elevation of site filling operation, but not under building subgrade or within 10'-0" of perimeter of building subgrade or paving subgrade. If, after observation by the ITL, material is found to be unsatisfactory, it shall be removed from site.

G. Locate and identify utilities that have previously been installed and protect from damage.

H. Locate and identify existing utilities that are to remain and protect from damage.

I. Maintain in operating condition existing utilities, previously installed utilities, and drainage systems encountered in utility installation. Repair surface or subsurface improvements shown on The Drawings.

J. Verify location, size, elevation, and other pertinent data required for making connections to existing utilities and drainage systems as indicated on The Drawings.

K. Over excavate and properly prepare areas of subgrade that are not capable of supporting proposed systems. Stabilize these areas by using acceptable geotextile fabrics or aggregate material placed and compacted as specified in Section 02340.

3.2 DEWATERING

A. General:

1. Provide dewatering systems as required for excavations.

2. Design and provide dewatering system using accepted and professional methods consistent with current industry practice to eliminate water entering the excavation under hydrostatic head from the bottom or sides. Design system to prevent differential hydrostatic head, which would result in floating out soil particles in a manner, termed as a “quick” or “boiling” condition. System shall not be dependent solely upon sumps or pumping water from within the excavation where differential head would result in a quick condition, which would continue to worsen the integrity of the excavation’s stability.

3. Provide dewatering system of sufficient size and capacity to prevent ground and surface water flow into the excavation and to allow Work to be installed in a dry condition.

4. Control, by acceptable means, all water regardless of source. Contractor shall be responsible for disposal of the water.

5. Confine discharge piping or ditches to available easement or to additional easement obtained by Contractor. Provide necessary permits or easement.

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6. Control groundwater in a manner that preserves strength of foundation soils, does not cause instability or raveling of excavation slopes, and does not result in damage to existing structures. Where necessary, lower water level in advance of excavation utilizing wells, wellpoints, jet educators, or similar positive methods.