334000-Storm_Sewer_Utilities.pdf

Batavia VAMC Contract #36C24219C0228

Improve Ground Water, Building 30 Project #528A4-18-203

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SECTION 33 40 00

STORM SEWER UTILITIES

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION

This section specifies materials and procedures for construction of outside, underground storm sewer systems that are complete and ready for operation. This includes piping, structures and all other incidentals.

1.2 RELATED WORK

A. Excavation, Trench Widths, Pipe Bedding, Backfill, Shoring, Sheeting, Bracing: Section 31 20 00, EARTH MOVING.

B. Concrete Work, Reinforcing, Placement and Finishing: Section 03 30 00, CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE.

C. General plumbing, protection of Materials and Equipment, and quality assurance: Section 22 05 11, COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR PLUMBING.

D. Fabrication of Steel Ladders: Section 05 50 00, METAL FABRICATIONS.

E. Materials and Testing Report Submittals: Section 01 33 23, SHOP

DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA AND SAMPLES.

F. Erosion and Sediment Control: Section 01 57 19, TEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL

CONTROLS.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

1.4 ABBREVIATIONS

1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Do not store plastic manholes, pipe, and fittings in direct sunlight.

B. Handle manholes catch basins and stormwater inlets according to manufacturer's written rigging instructions.

1.6 COORDINATION

A. Coordinate connection to storm sewer main with the Public Agency providing storm sewer off-site drainage.

B. Coordinate exterior utility lines and connections to building services up to the actual extent of building wall.

1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE:

A. Products Criteria:

1. When two or more units of the same type or class of materials or equipment are required, these units shall be products of one manufacturer.

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2. A nameplate bearing manufacturer's name or trademark, including model number, shall be securely affixed in a conspicuous place on equipment. In addition, the model number shall be either cast integrally with equipment, stamped, or otherwise permanently marked on each item of equipment.

1.8 SUBMITTALS

A. Manufacturers’ Literature and Data shall be submitted, as one package, for pipes, fittings and appurtenances, including jointing materials, Manholes, frames and covers, steps and ladders, check valves.

1.9 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

A. The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referenced in the text by the basic designation only.

B. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

A185/A185M-07...........Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for

Concrete

A242/A242M-04(2009).....High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel

A536-84(2009)...........Ductile Iron Castings

A615/A615M-09b..........Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for

Concrete Reinforcement

A760/A760M-10...........Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated for

Sewers and Drains

A798/A798M-07...........Installing Factory-Made Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other Applications

A849-10.................Post-Applied Coatings, Paving, and Linings for

Corrugated Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe

A929/A929M-01(2007).....Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip

Process for Corrugated Steel Pipe

B745/B745M-97(2005).....Corrugated Aluminum Pipe for Sewers and Drains

B788/B788M-09...........Installing Factory-Made Corrugated Aluminum

Culverts and Storm Sewer Pipe

C14-07..................Non-reinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and

Culvert Pipe

C33/C33M-08.............Concrete Aggregates

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C76-11..................Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and

Sewer Pipe

C139-10.................Concrete Masonry Units for Construction of

Catch Basins and Manholes

C150/C150M-11...........Portland Cement

C443-10.................Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using

Rubber Gaskets

C478-09.................Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections

C506-10b................Reinforced Concrete Arch Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe

C507-10b................Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Culvert, Storm

Drain, and Sewer Pipe

C655-09.................Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm

Drain, and Sewer Pipe

C857-07.................Minimum Structural Design Loading for

Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures

C891-09.................Installation of Underground Precast Concrete

Utility Structures

C913-08.................Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater

Structures

C923-08.................Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced

Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes, and

Laterals

C924-02(2009)...........Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines by Low-

Pressure Air Test Method

C990-09.................Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast

Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint

Sealants

C1103-03(2009)..........Joint Acceptance Testing of Installed Precast

Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines

C1173-08................Flexible Transition Couplings for Underground

Piping Systems

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C1433-10................Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box

Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers

C1479-10................Installation of Precast Concrete Sewer, Storm

Drain, and Culvert Pipe Using Standard

Installations

D448-08.................Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge

Construction

D698-07e1...............Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil

Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3))

D1056-07................Flexible Cellular Materials—Sponge or Expanded

Rubber

D1785-06................Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120

D2321-11................Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications

D2751-05................Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer

Pipe and Fittings

D2774-08................Underground Installation of Thermoplastic

Pressure Piping

D3034-08................Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings

D3350-10................Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings

Materials

D3753-05e1..............Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes and

Wetwells

D4101-11................Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials

D5926-09................Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Gaskets for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary, and

Storm Plumbing Systems

F477-10.................Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic

Pipe

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F679-08.................Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Large-Diameter

Plastic Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings

F714-10.................Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on Outside Diameter

F794-03(2009)...........Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Gravity

Sewer Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled

Inside Diameter

F891-10.................Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic

Pipe With a Cellular Core

F894-07.................Polyethylene (PE) Large Diameter Profile Wall

Sewer and Drain Pipe

F949-10.................Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Corrugated Sewer

Pipe With a Smooth Interior and Fittings

F1417-11................Installation Acceptance of Plastic Gravity

Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air

F1668-08................Construction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe

C. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO):

M190-04.................Bituminous-Coated Corrugated Metal Culvert Pipe and Pipe Arches

M198-10.................Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast

Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint

Sealants

M252-09.................Corrugated Polyethylene Drainage Pipe

M294-10.................Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe, 12 to 60 In. (300 to 1500 mm) Diameter

D. American Water Works Association(AWWA):

C105/A21.5-10...........Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile iron Pipe

Systems

C110-08.................Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings

C219-11.................Bolted, Sleeve-Type Couplings for Plain-End

Pipe

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C600-10.................Installation of Ductile iron Mains and Their

Appurtenances

C900-07.................Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and

Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Through 12 In. (100 mm Through 300 mm), for Water Transmission and

Distribution

M23-2nd ed..............PVC Pipe ”Design And Installation”

E. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME):

A112.6.3-2001...........Floor and Trench Drains

A112.14.1-2003..........Backwater Valves

A112.36.2M-1991.........Cleanouts

F. American Concrete Institute (ACI):

318-05..................Structural Commentary and Commentary

350/350M-06.............Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures and Commentary

G. National Stone, Sand and Gravel Association (NSSGA): Quarried Stone for

Erosion and Sediment Control

1.10 WARRANTY

The Contractor shall remedy any defect due to faulty material or workmanship and pay for any damage to other work resulting therefrom within a period of two years from final acceptance. Further, the

Contractor will furnish all manufacturers’ and suppliers’ written guarantees and warranties covering materials and equipment furnished under this Contract.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 FACTORY-ASSEMBLED PRODUCTS

A. Standardization of components shall be maximized to reduce spare part requirements. The Contractor shall guarantee performance of assemblies of components, and shall repair or replace elements of the assemblies as required to deliver specified performance of the complete assembly.

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2.2 STEEL PIPE AND FITTINGS (NOT USED)

2.3 ALUMINUM PIPE AND FITTINGS (NOT USED)

2.4 ABS PIPE AND FITTINGS (NOT USED)

2.5 HDPE PIPE AND FITTINGS (REFER TO SECTION 33 30 00 SANITARY SEWER

UTILITIES)

2.6 CONCRETE PIPE AND FITTINGS

A. Reinforced-Concrete sewer pipe and fittings shall be ASTM C76 or ASTM

C655.

1. Bell-and-spigot or tongue-and-groove ends and gasketed joints with

ASTM C443, rubber gaskets.

2. Class IV: Wall B

2.7 NONPRESSURE TRANSITION COUPLINGS

A. Comply with ASTM C1173, elastomeric, sleeve-type, reducing or transition coupling, for joining underground non-pressure piping. Include ends of same sizes as piping to be joined, and corrosion-resistant-metal tension band and tightening mechanism on each end.

B. Sleeve Materials

1. For concrete pipes: ASTM C443, rubber.

2. For plastic pipes: ASTM F477, elastomeric seal or ASTM D5926, PVC.

3. For dissimilar pipes: ASTM D5926, PVC or other material compatible with pipe materials being joined.

C. Unshielded, Flexible Couplings: Couplings shall be an elastomeric sleeve with stainless-steel shear ring and corrosion-resistant-metal tension band and tightening mechanism on each end.

D. Shielded, flexible couplings shall be elastomeric or rubber sleeve with full-length, corrosion-resistant outer shield and corrosion-resistant-metal tension band and tightening mechanism on each end.

E. Ring-Type, flexible couplings shall be elastomeric compression seal with dimensions to fit inside bell of larger pipe and for spigot of smaller pipe to fit inside ring.

2.8 PRESSURE PIPE COUPLINGS (REFER TO SECTION 33 30 00 SANITARY SEWER

UTILITIES)

2.9 EXPANSION JOINTS AND DEFLECTION FITTINGS (NOT USED)

2.10 BACKWATER VALVES

A. Cast-Iron Backwater Valves: ASME A112.14.1, gray-iron body and bolted cover, with bronze seat.

1. With ball check valve and hub-and-spigot ends.

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B. Plastic backwater valves: With PVC body, PVC removable cover, and PVC ball check valve.

2.11 CLEANOUTS

A. Cast-Iron Cleanouts: ASME A112.36.2M, round, gray-iron housing with clamping device and round, secured, scoriated, gray-iron cover. Include gray-iron ferrule with inside calk or spigot connection and countersunk, tapered-thread, brass closure plug.

1. Top-Loading Classification(s): Light Duty shall be used in grass areas. Heavy Duty shall be used in pavement and pedestrian areas.

2. Pipe fitting and riser to cleanout shall be same material as main pipe line.

B. Plastic Cleanouts shall have PVC body with PVC threaded plug. Pipe fitting and riser to cleanout shall be of same material as main line pipe.

2.12 DRAINS (NOT USED)

2.13 ENCASEMENT FOR PIPING (NOT USED)

2.14 MANHOLES

A. Standard Precast Concrete Manholes:

1. Description: ASTM C478 (ASTM C478M), precast, reinforced concrete, of depth indicated, with provision for sealant joints.

2. Diameter: 48 inches (1200 mm) minimum unless otherwise indicated.

3. Ballast: Increase thickness of precast concrete sections or add concrete to base section as required to prevent flotation.

4. Base Section: 6 inch (150 mm) minimum thickness for floor slab and 4-inch (102 mm) minimum thickness for walls and base riser section, and separate base slab or base section with integral floor.

5. Riser Sections: 4 inch (102 mm) minimum thickness, and lengths to provide depth indicated.

6. Top Section: Eccentric-cone type unless flat-slab-top type is indicated, and top of cone of size that matches grade rings.

7. Joint Sealant: ASTM C990 (ASTM C990M), bitumen or butyl rubber.

8. Resilient Pipe Connectors: ASTM C923 (ASTM C923M), cast or fitted into manhole walls, for each pipe connection.

9. Steps: If total depth from floor of manhole to finished grade is greater than 60 inches (1500 mm). Individual FRP steps; FRP ladder;

or ASTM A615, deformed, 1/2 inch (13 mm) steel reinforcing rods encased in ASTM D4101, PP, width of 16 inches (400 mm) minimum, spaced at 12 to 16 inch (300 to 400 mm) intervals.

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10. Adjusting Rings: Reinforced-concrete rings, 6 to 9 inch (150 to 225

mm) total thickness, to match diameter of manhole frame and cover, and height as required to adjust manhole frame and cover to indicated elevation and slope.

B. Manhole Frames and Covers:

1. Description: Ferrous; 24 inch (610 mm) ID by 7 to 9 inch (175 to 225

mm) riser with 4 inch (102 mm) minimum width flange and 26-inch (600

mm) diameter cover. Include indented top design with lettering cast into cover, using wording equivalent to "STORM SEWER."

2. Material: ASTM A48/A48M, Class 35 gray iron unless otherwise indicated.

3. Frames and covers shall be live load rated H20 minimum.

2.15 CONCRETE FOR MANHOLES

A. General: Cast-in-place concrete according to ACI 318, ACI 350/350R, and the following:

1. Cement: ASTM C150, Type II.

2. Fine Aggregate: ASTM C33, sand.

3. Coarse Aggregate: ASTM C33, crushed gravel.

4. Water: Potable.

B. Concrete Design Mix: 4000 psi (27.6 MPa) minimum, compressive strength in 28 days.

1. Reinforcing Fabric: ASTM A185, steel, welded wire fabric, plain.

2. Reinforcing Bars: ASTM A615, Grade 60 (420 MPa) deformed steel.

C. Manhole Channels and Benches: Channels shall be the main line pipe material. Include benches in all manholes and catch basins.

1. Channels: Main line pipe material or concrete invert. Height of vertical sides to three-fourths of pipe diameter. Form curved channels with smooth, uniform radius and slope. Invert Slope: Same slope as the main line pipe. Bench to be concrete, sloped to drain into channel. Minimum of 6 inch slope from main line pipe to wall sides.

2.16 POLYMER-CONCRETE, CHANNEL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS (NOT USED)

2.17 PLASTIC, CHANNEL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS (NOT USED)

2.18 PIPE OUTLETS

A. Riprap basins: Broken, irregularly sized and shaped, graded stone according to NSSGA's "Quarried Stone for Erosion and Sediment Control."

1. Average Size: NSSGA No. R-3, screen opening 2 inches (51 mm).

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B. Filter Stone: NSSGA's "Quarried Stone for Erosion and Sediment Control,"

No. FS-2, No. 4 screen opening, average-size graded stone.

2.19 DRY WELLS (NOT USED)

2.20 STORMWATER DISPOSAL SYSTEMS (NOT USED)

2.21 HEADWALLS (NOT USED)

2.22 FLARED END SECTIONS

A. Flared End Sections: Sections shall be of standard design fabricated from zinc-coated steel sheets conforming to requirements of ASTM A929.

2.23 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE BOX CULVERT (NOT USED)

2.24 RESILIENT CONNECTORS AND DOWNSPOUT BOOTS FOR BUILDING ROOF DRAINS (NOT

USED)

2.25 WARNING TAPE

A. Standard, 4-Mil polyethylene 3 inch (76 mm) wide tape detectable type, green with black letters, and imprinted with “CAUTION BURIED STORM DRAIN

LINE BELOW”.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PIPE BEDDING

A. The bedding surface of the pipe shall provide a firm foundation of uniform density throughout the entire length of pipe. Concrete pipe requirements are such that when no bedding class is specified, concrete pipe shall be bedded in a soil foundation accurately shaped and rounded to conform with the lowest one-fourth of the outside portion of circular pipe. When necessary, the bedding shall be tamped. Bell holes and depressions for joints shall not be more than the length, depth, and width required for properly making the particular type of joint. Plastic pipe bedding requirements shall meet the requirements of ASTM D2321.

Bedding, haunching and initial backfill shall be either Class IB or

Class II material.

3.2 PIPING INSTALLATION

A. Drawing plans and details indicate general location and arrangement of underground storm drainage piping. Install piping as indicated, to extent practical. Where specific installation is not indicated, follow piping manufacturer's written instructions.

B. Install piping with minimum cover as shown on the Drawings.

C. Install piping beginning at low point, true to grades and alignment indicated with unbroken continuity of invert. Place bell ends of piping

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1. Do not lay pipe on unstable material, in wet trench or when trench and weather conditions are unsuitable for the work.

2. Support pipe on compacted bedding material. Excavate bell holes only large enough to properly make the joint.

3. Inspect pipes and fittings, for defects before installation.

Defective materials shall be plainly marked and removed from the site. Cut pipe shall have smooth regular ends at right angles to axis of pipe.

4. Clean interior of all pipe thoroughly before installation. When work is not in progress, open ends of pipe shall be closed securely to prevent entrance of storm water, dirt or other substances.

5. Lower pipe into trench carefully and bring to proper line, grade, and joint. After jointing, interior of each pipe shall be thoroughly wiped or swabbed to remove any dirt, trash or excess jointing materials.

6. Do not walk on pipe in trenches until covered by layers of shading to a depth of 12 inches (300 mm) over the crown of the pipe.

7. Warning tape shall be continuously placed 12 inches (300 mm) above storm sewer piping.

D. Install manholes for changes in direction unless fittings are indicated.

E. Install proper size increasers, reducers, and couplings where different sizes or materials of pipes and fittings are connected. Reducing size of piping in direction of flow is prohibited.

F. When installing pipe under streets or other obstructions that cannot be disturbed, use pipe-jacking process of microtunneling.

G. Install gravity-flow, nonpressure drainage piping according to the following:

1. Install piping pitched down in direction of flow.

2. Install piping NPS 6 (DN 150) and larger with restrained joints at tee fittings and at changes in direction. Use corrosion-resistant rods, pipe or fittings; or cast in-place concrete supports or anchors.

3. Install PE corrugated sewer piping according to ASTM D2321 with gaskets with fused joints.

4. Install reinforced concrete sewer piping according to ASTM C1479.

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3.3 REGRADING

A. Raise or lower existing manholes and structures frames and covers in regraded areas to finish grade. Carefully remove, clean and salvage cast iron frames and covers. Adjust the elevation of the top of the manhole or structure as detailed on the drawings. Reset cast iron frame and cover, grouting below and around the frame. Install concrete collar around reset frame and cover as specified for new construction.

B. During periods when work is progressing on adjusting manholes or structures cover elevations, the Contractor shall install a temporary cover above the bench of the structure or manhole. The temporary cover shall be installed above the high flow elevation within the structure, and shall prevent debris from entering the wastewater stream.

3.4 CONNECTIONS TO EXISTING VA-OWNED MANHOLES

A. Make pipe connections and alterations to existing manholes so that finished work will conform as nearly as practicable to the applicable requirements specified for new manholes, including concrete and masonry work, cutting, and shaping.

3.5 CONNECTIONS TO EXISTING PUBLIC UTILITY MANHOLES (NOT USED)

3.6 DRAIN INSTALLATION (NOT USED)

3.7 MANHOLE INSTALLATION

A. Install manholes, complete with appurtenances and accessories indicated.

Install precast concrete manhole sections with sealants according to

ASTM C891.

B. Set tops of frames and covers flush with finished surface of manholes that occur in pavements. Set tops 1 inch above finished surface elsewhere unless otherwise indicated.

C. Circular Structures:

1. Precast concrete segmental blocks shall lay true and plumb. All horizontal and vertical joints shall be completely filled with mortar. Parge interior and exterior of structure with 1/2 inch (15

mm) or cement mortar applied with a trowel and finished to an even glazed surface.

2. Precast reinforced concrete rings shall be installed true and plumb.

The joints between rings and between rings and the base and top shall be sealed with a preform flexible gasket material specifically manufactured for this type of application. Adjust the length of the rings so that the top section will be at the required elevation.

Cutting the top section is not acceptable.

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3. Precast reinforced concrete manhole risers and tops. Install as specified for precast reinforced concrete rings.

3.8 CATCH BASIN INSTALLATION (NOT USED)

3.9 STORMWATER OUTLET INSTALLATION

A. Construct riprap of broken stone.

B. Install outlets that spill onto grade, with flared end sections that match pipe.

C. Construct energy dissipaters at outlets.

3.10 DRY WELL INSTALLATION (NOT USED)

3.11 CHANNEL DRAINAGE SYSTEM INSTALLATION (NOT USED)

3.12 STORMWATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM INSTALLATION (NOT USED)

3.13 CONNECTIONS

A. Connect force-main drainage piping in building's storm building drains specified in Division 22 Section FACILITY STORM DRAINAGE PIPING.

B. Encase entire connection fitting, plus 6 inch (150 mm) overlap, with not less than 6 inches (150 mm) of concrete with 28-day compressive strength of 3000 psi (20.7 MPa).

C. Make connections to existing piping and underground manholes.

1. Use commercially manufactured wye fittings for piping branch connections. Remove section of existing pipe; install wye fitting into existing piping.

2. Make branch connections from side into existing piping, NPS 4 to NPS

20 (DN 100 to DN 500). Remove section of existing pipe, install wye fitting into existing piping.

3. Make branch connections from side into existing piping, NPS 21 (DN

525) or larger, or to underground manholes and structures by cutting into existing unit and creating an opening large enough to allow 3 inches (76 mm) of concrete to be packed around entering connection.

Cut end of connection pipe passing through pipe or structure wall to conform to shape of and be flush with inside wall unless otherwise indicated. On outside of pipe, manhole, or structure wall, use epoxy-bonding compound as interface between new and existing concrete and piping materials.

4. Protect existing piping, manholes, and structures to prevent concrete or debris from entering while making tap connections. Remove debris or other extraneous material that may accumulate.

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D. Pipe couplings, expansion joints, and deflection fittings with pressure ratings at least equal to piping rating may be used in applications below unless otherwise indicated.

1. Use nonpressure-type flexible couplings where required to join gravity-flow, nonpressure sewer piping unless otherwise indicated.

a. Unshielded flexible couplings for same or minor difference OD pipes.

b. Unshielded, increaser/reducer-pattern, flexible couplings for pipes with different OD.

c. Ring-type flexible couplings for piping of different sizes where annular space between smaller piping's OD and larger piping's ID permits installation.

2. Use pressure-type pipe couplings for force-main joints.

3.14 CLOSING ABANDONED STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

A. Abandoned Piping: Close open ends of abandoned underground piping indicated to remain in place. Include closures strong enough to withstand hydrostatic and earth pressures that may result after ends of abandoned piping have been closed. Use either procedure below:

1. Close open ends of piping with at least 8 inch (203 mm) thick, brick masonry bulkheads.

2. Close open ends of piping with threaded metal caps, plastic plugs, or other acceptable methods suitable for size and type of material being closed. Do not use wood plugs.

B. Abandoned Manholes and Structures: Excavate around manholes and structures as required and use one procedure below:

1. Remove manhole or structure and close open ends of remaining piping.

2. Remove top of manhole or structure down to at least 36 inches (915

mm) below final grade. Fill to within 12 inches (300 mm) of top with stone, rubble, gravel, or compacted dirt. Fill to top with concrete.

C. Backfill to grade according to Division 31 Section EARTH MOVING.

3.15 IDENTIFICATION

A. Install green warning tape directly over piping and at outside edge of underground structures.

3.16 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Inspect interior of piping to determine whether line displacement or other damage has occurred. Prior to final acceptance, provide a video record of all piping from the building to the municipal connection to show the lines are free from obstructions, properly sloped and joined.

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1. Submit separate reports for each system inspection.

2. Defects requiring correction include the following:

a. Alignment: Less than full diameter of inside of pipe is visible between structures.

b. Deflection: Flexible piping with deflection that prevents passage of ball or cylinder of size not less than 92.5 percent of piping diameter.

c. Damage: Crushed, broken, cracked, or otherwise damaged piping.

d. Infiltration: Water leakage into piping.

e. Exfiltration: Water leakage from or around piping.

3. Replace defective piping using new materials, and repeat inspections until defects are within allowances specified.

4. Reinspect and repeat procedure until results are satisfactory.

3.17 TESTING OF STORM SEWERS:

A. Submit separate report for each test.

B. Test new piping systems, and parts of existing systems that have been altered, extended, or repaired, for leaks and defects.

1. Do not enclose, cover, or put into service before inspection and approval.

2. Test completed piping systems according to requirements of authorities having jurisdiction.

3. Schedule tests and inspections by authorities having jurisdiction with at least 24 hours advance notice.

4. Submit separate report for each test.

5. Air test gravity sewers. Concrete Pipes conform to ASTM C924, Plastic

Pipes conform to ASTM F1417, all other pipe material conform to ASTM

C828 or C924, after consulting with pipe manufacturer. Testing of individual joints shall conform to ASTM C1103.

6. Test force-main storm drainage piping. Perform hydrostatic test after thrust blocks, supports, and anchors have hardened. Test at pressure not less than 1-1/2 times the maximum system operating pressure, but not less than 150 psi (1035 kPa).

a. Ductile iron Piping: Test according to AWWA C600, "Hydraulic

Testing" Section.

b. PVC Piping: Test according to AWWA M23, "Testing and Maintenance"

Chapter.

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C. Leaks and loss in test pressure constitute defects that must be repaired. Replace leaking piping using new materials, and repeat testing until leakage is within allowances specified.

3.18 CLEANING

A. Clean interior of piping of dirt and superfluous materials. Flush with potable water.

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