Top 100 Contractors in NAICS 541712: Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology), FY2025

Full ranking

Rank	Contractor	Net obligations	Share	Trend
1	Massachusetts Institute of Technology Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) Navy (Department of the Navy)	$1,390,294,318	14.0%	Rank history: #1 in FY2021, #1 in FY2022, #1 in FY2023 and #1 in FY2024; unchanged since FY2024.
2	Brookhaven Science Associates LLC Top agencies DOE (Department of Energy)	$833,727,134	8.4%	Rank history: #5 in FY2021, #2 in FY2022, #3 in FY2023 and #2 in FY2024; unchanged since FY2024.
3	Torch Technologies Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USAF (Department of the Air Force) MDA (DOD Missile Defense Agency)	$499,919,452	5.0%	Rank history: #15 in FY2021, #6 in FY2022, #4 in FY2023 and #4 in FY2024; up 1 since FY2024.
4	Science Applications International Corporation Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USAF (Department of the Air Force) Navy (Department of the Navy)	$478,780,630	4.8%	Rank history: #2 in FY2021, #3 in FY2022, #2 in FY2023 and #3 in FY2024; down 1 since FY2024.
5	Amentum Holdings, Inc. 6 awardees, including Amentum Technology, Inc., Amentum Services, Inc. and The Keyw Corporation Top agencies MDA (DOD Missile Defense Agency) Navy (Department of the Navy) OSD (Office of the Secretary of Defense)	$425,191,082	4.3%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; new.
6	Odyssey Systems Consulting Group, Ltd. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) Navy (Department of the Navy) DHA (Defense Health Agency)	$421,472,504	4.3%	Rank history: #38 in FY2021, #33 in FY2022, #11 in FY2023 and #5 in FY2024; down 1 since FY2024.
7	Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 7 awardees, including Applied Research Solutions, Inc., Asrc Federal System Solutions LLC and Analytical Services, Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) MDA (DOD Missile Defense Agency) Commerce (Department of Commerce)	$335,259,457	3.4%	Rank history: #25 in FY2021, #21 in FY2022, #34 in FY2023 and #31 in FY2024; up 24 since FY2024.
8	Northrop Grumman Corporation 14 awardees, including Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$323,390,415	3.3%	Rank history: #13 in FY2021, #8 in FY2022, #10 in FY2023 and #16 in FY2024; up 8 since FY2024.
9	L3Harris Technologies, Inc. 14 awardees, including Aerojet Rocketdyne of DE, Inc., Aerojet Rocketdyne, Inc. and L3 Adaptive Methods, Inc. Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Navy (Department of the Navy)	$322,263,820	3.3%	Rank history: #48 in FY2021, #78 in FY2022, #96 in FY2023 and #6 in FY2024; down 3 since FY2024.
10	Modern Technology Solutions, Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) Army (Department of the Army)	$254,349,052	2.6%	Rank history: #45 in FY2021, #29 in FY2022, #22 in FY2023 and #19 in FY2024; up 9 since FY2024.
11	Intrepid LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$220,432,744	2.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #10 in FY2024; down 1 since FY2024.
12	Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corporation Through Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) Army (Department of the Army) USCYBERCOM (Department of Defense Cyber Command)	$205,844,264	2.1%	Rank history: #12 in FY2021, #12 in FY2022, #8 in FY2023 and #7 in FY2024; down 5 since FY2024.
13	Mag DS Corp Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$191,670,932	1.9%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #8 in FY2024; down 5 since FY2024.
14	Tecolote Research, Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) Navy (Department of the Navy) DHS (Department of Homeland Security)	$187,539,892	1.9%	Rank history: #27 in FY2021, #24 in FY2022, #18 in FY2023 and #13 in FY2024; down 1 since FY2024.
15	Oasis Systems, LLC Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$178,020,513	1.8%	Rank history: #17 in FY2021, #7 in FY2022, #16 in FY2023 and #20 in FY2024; up 5 since FY2024.
16	RTX Corporation 14 awardees, including Raytheon Company and Hamilton Sundstrand Space Systems International, Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) WHS (DOD Washington Headquarters Service) Army (Department of the Army)	$177,541,257	1.8%	Rank history: #3 in FY2021, #9 in FY2022, #7 in FY2023 and #28 in FY2024; up 12 since FY2024.
17	General Dynamics Corporation 13 awardees, including General Dynamics Global Force, LLC and General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) Navy (Department of the Navy) USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$162,772,275	1.6%	Rank history: #19 in FY2021, #14 in FY2022, #13 in FY2023 and #42 in FY2024; up 25 since FY2024.
18	QED Systems LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$153,132,698	1.5%	Rank history: #55 in FY2021, #45 in FY2022, #29 in FY2023 and #29 in FY2024; up 11 since FY2024.
19	KBR Wyle Services LLC 3 awardees Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$140,424,265	1.4%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #24 in FY2024; up 5 since FY2024.
20	Applied Research Associates, Inc. Top agencies DTRA (Defense Threat Reduction Agency) USAF (Department of the Air Force) DHS (Department of Homeland Security)	$137,760,932	1.4%	Rank history: #22 in FY2021, #18 in FY2022, #17 in FY2023 and #14 in FY2024; down 6 since FY2024.
21	University of Texas At Austin Top agencies Navy (Department of the Navy) USAF (Department of the Air Force) Army (Department of the Army)	$133,994,968	1.4%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #37 in FY2024; up 16 since FY2024.
22	P E Systems, Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$128,198,811	1.3%	Rank history: #44 in FY2021, #54 in FY2022, #35 in FY2023 and #32 in FY2024; up 10 since FY2024.
23	Sigmatech Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$127,285,360	1.3%	Rank history: #46 in FY2021, #43 in FY2022, #36 in FY2023 and #22 in FY2024; down 1 since FY2024.
24	Sev1Tech, LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$126,652,409	1.3%	Rank history: #34 in FY2021, #34 in FY2022, #28 in FY2023 and #35 in FY2024; up 11 since FY2024.
25	Carnegie Mellon University Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$113,221,993	1.1%	Rank history: #28 in FY2021, #26 in FY2022, #24 in FY2023 and #15 in FY2024; down 10 since FY2024.
26	Leidos Holdings, Inc. 10 awardees, including Leidos, Inc. and Aranea Solutions Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) DTRA (Defense Threat Reduction Agency) Navy (Department of the Navy)	$107,820,956	1.1%	Rank history: #7 in FY2021, #10 in FY2022, #12 in FY2023 and #17 in FY2024; down 9 since FY2024.
27	Axient LLC Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$90,993,820	0.9%	Rank history: #40 in FY2021, #32 in FY2022, #27 in FY2023 and #26 in FY2024; down 1 since FY2024.
28	Raytheon Company Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$85,300,000	0.9%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #100 in FY2022, not on the FY2023 list and #21 in FY2024; down 7 since FY2024.
29	Serco Inc 2 awardees Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USAF (Department of the Air Force) DHS (Department of Homeland Security)	$80,823,644	0.8%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #91 in FY2023 and #64 in FY2024; up 35 since FY2024.
30	Colsa Corp Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$79,104,645	0.8%	Rank history: #16 in FY2021, #27 in FY2022, #30 in FY2023 and #27 in FY2024; down 3 since FY2024.
31	DCS Corporation Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) Army (Department of the Army)	$76,291,695	0.8%	Rank history: #32 in FY2021, #36 in FY2022, #25 in FY2023 and #25 in FY2024; down 6 since FY2024.
32	SMS Data Products Group Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) Army (Department of the Army)	$63,741,352	0.6%	Rank history: #67 in FY2021, #56 in FY2022, #45 in FY2023 and #46 in FY2024; up 14 since FY2024.
33	Sumaria Systems, LLC Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$62,982,890	0.6%	Rank history: #53 in FY2021, #42 in FY2022, #37 in FY2023 and #34 in FY2024; up 1 since FY2024.
34	Teledyne Technologies Incorporated 4 awardees, including Teledyne Brown Engineering, Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$56,836,634	0.6%	Rank history: #36 in FY2021, #41 in FY2022, #44 in FY2023 and #39 in FY2024; up 5 since FY2024.
35	Radiance Technologies, Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$55,558,909	0.6%	Rank history: #20 in FY2021, #19 in FY2022, #20 in FY2023 and #23 in FY2024; down 12 since FY2024.
36	General Dynamics Global Force, LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) Navy (Department of the Navy)	$53,960,181	0.5%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #9 in FY2024; down 27 since FY2024.
37	IAP World Services, Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$50,809,228	0.5%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; new.
38	HX5 LLC Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$48,044,939	0.5%	Rank history: #30 in FY2021, #30 in FY2022, #43 in FY2023 and #30 in FY2024; down 8 since FY2024.
39	Data Systems Analysts Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) Navy (Department of the Navy)	$47,809,021	0.5%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #51 in FY2023 and #49 in FY2024; up 10 since FY2024.
40	Battelle Memorial Institute 2 awardees Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USAF (Department of the Air Force) HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$42,425,337	0.4%	Rank history: #29 in FY2021, #44 in FY2022, #41 in FY2023 and #52 in FY2024; up 12 since FY2024.
41	The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Top agencies MDA (DOD Missile Defense Agency)	$41,458,072	0.4%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; new.
42	Intuitive Research and Technology Corporation Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$40,221,351	0.4%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; new.
43	Universal Technical Resource Services Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) Navy (Department of the Navy)	$31,004,796	0.3%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #76 in FY2022, #49 in FY2023 and #45 in FY2024; up 2 since FY2024.
44	Science Systems and Applications, Inc. Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$28,554,852	0.3%	Rank history: #84 in FY2021, #63 in FY2022, #48 in FY2023 and #53 in FY2024; up 9 since FY2024.
45	Adams Communication & Engineering Technology, Inc. Top agencies Navy (Department of the Navy)	$22,263,299	0.2%	Rank history: #72 in FY2021, #80 in FY2022, #100 in FY2023 and #50 in FY2024; up 5 since FY2024.
46	Quantech Services Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$21,643,831	0.2%	Rank history: #94 in FY2021, #75 in FY2022, #64 in FY2023 and #61 in FY2024; up 15 since FY2024.
47	EPS Corporation Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$19,992,029	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #72 in FY2022, not on the FY2023 list and #57 in FY2024; up 10 since FY2024.
48	Intrepid Solutions and Services, LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$18,298,431	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; new.
49	MCR Federal, LLC Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$17,667,312	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; new.
50	Strategic Analysis, Inc. Top agencies OSD (Office of the Secretary of Defense)	$16,317,998	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #82 in FY2023 and #60 in FY2024; up 10 since FY2024.
51	Excet, LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$14,772,730	0.1%	Rank history: #88 in FY2021, not on the FY2022 list, #93 in FY2023 and #83 in FY2024; up 32 since FY2024.
52	Sierra Lobo Inc. Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$14,676,220	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 73 since FY2024.
53	Abacus Technology Corporation Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$14,500,583	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #98 in FY2024; up 45 since FY2024.
54	Astrix Technology LLC Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services) USDA (Department of Agriculture)	$14,323,704	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #66 in FY2024; up 12 since FY2024.
55	Peerless Technologies Corporation Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$14,112,286	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #86 in FY2022, #74 in FY2023 and #56 in FY2024; up 1 since FY2024.
56	Amentum Technology, Inc. Top agencies MDA (DOD Missile Defense Agency)	$13,752,874	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #18 in FY2024; down 38 since FY2024.
57	Teamstaff Inc. Through Social & Scientific Systems, Inc. Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$13,692,533	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #90 in FY2022, #76 in FY2023 and #77 in FY2024; up 20 since FY2024.
58	Aerovironment, Inc. 3 awardees, including Bluehalo LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$13,135,362	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; new.
59	Earth Resources Technology, LLC Top agencies Commerce (Department of Commerce)	$13,053,807	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #92 in FY2022, #81 in FY2023 and #74 in FY2024; up 15 since FY2024.
60	Systems Products and Solutions, Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$13,014,422	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #87 in FY2023 and #92 in FY2024; up 32 since FY2024.
61	Science & Technology Corporation Top agencies Commerce (Department of Commerce) NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$12,955,499	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #82 in FY2022, #72 in FY2023 and #63 in FY2024; up 2 since FY2024.
62	Anavation, LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) Navy (Department of the Navy)	$12,078,333	0.1%	Rank history: #97 in FY2021, not on the FY2022 list, #63 in FY2023 and #62 in FY2024; unchanged since FY2024.
63	Peraton Inc. Top agencies Navy (Department of the Navy)	$11,239,045	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #70 in FY2024; up 7 since FY2024.
64	The Survice Engineering Company LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) USAF (Department of the Air Force) DFAS (Defense Finance and Accounting Service)	$11,169,281	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #97 in FY2023 and #75 in FY2024; up 11 since FY2024.
65	Premier Technology, Inc. Top agencies DTRA (Defense Threat Reduction Agency)	$10,255,986	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #86 in FY2024; up 21 since FY2024.
66	Global Science & Technology, LLC Top agencies Commerce (Department of Commerce)	$10,114,514	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #69 in FY2022, #57 in FY2023 and #67 in FY2024; up 1 since FY2024.
67	Avion Solutions, Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$9,986,176	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #82 in FY2024; up 15 since FY2024.
68	Thompson Gray, Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$9,949,161	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #79 in FY2024; up 11 since FY2024.
69	The Regents of the University of Colorado Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$9,688,074	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #87 in FY2024; up 18 since FY2024.
70	Lockheed Martin Corporation 11 awardees Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$9,577,447	0.1%	Rank history: #41 in FY2021, not on the FY2022 list, #54 in FY2023 and not on the FY2024 list; up 137 since FY2024.
71	Aegis Aerospace Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$9,437,977	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #90 in FY2023 and #84 in FY2024; up 13 since FY2024.
72	University of Arizona Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$9,146,149	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 82 since FY2024.
73	Arizona State University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$8,434,491	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 64 since FY2024.
74	Spectrum Software Technology Inc Top agencies DOT (Department of Transportation)	$7,967,084	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #97 in FY2024; up 23 since FY2024.
75	Tec-Masters, Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army) NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$7,777,470	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #96 in FY2024; up 21 since FY2024.
76	Qinetiq Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$7,749,841	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 36 since FY2024.
77	Cepeda Systems & Software Analysis, Inc. Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$7,087,883	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 25 since FY2024.
78	Zin Technologies, Inc. Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$7,082,377	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #74 in FY2022, #84 in FY2023 and #78 in FY2024; unchanged since FY2024.
79	Btas Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$6,449,360	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 41 since FY2024.
80	Smithsonian Institution Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$5,779,692	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 104 since FY2024.
81	Group W Inc. Top agencies OSD (Office of the Secretary of Defense) Army (Department of the Army) Navy (Department of the Navy)	$5,672,120	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 22 since FY2024.
82	Envisioneering Inc. Top agencies Navy (Department of the Navy)	$5,534,899	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #85 in FY2024; up 3 since FY2024.
83	Marton Technologies Inc Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$5,422,077	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #95 in FY2024; up 12 since FY2024.
84	MCR LLC Through MCR Federal, LLC Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$5,372,804	0.1%	Rank history: #63 in FY2021, #57 in FY2022, #42 in FY2023 and #40 in FY2024; down 44 since FY2024.
85	Gauss Management Research and Engineering Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$5,339,181	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #87 in FY2022, #70 in FY2023 and #73 in FY2024; down 12 since FY2024.
86	Ideal Innovations Incorporated Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$5,202,324	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #99 in FY2024; up 13 since FY2024.
87	University of Dayton Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) WHS (DOD Washington Headquarters Service)	$5,055,696	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 23 since FY2024.
88	Research Triangle Institute Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$4,992,003	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 33 since FY2024.
89	Groundswell Corporation Top agencies Commerce (Department of Commerce)	$4,864,717	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 16 since FY2024.
90	Redwire Space Technologies, Inc. Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$4,424,681	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 17 since FY2024.
91	Bioanalytical Systems Inc. Through Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$4,135,860	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; new.
92	Altus, LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$4,037,083	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 60 since FY2024.
93	Micro Systems Consultants Inc. Top agencies DOT (Department of Transportation)	$4,022,142	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 42 since FY2024.
94	QWK Integrated Solutions LLC Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$3,362,577	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 69 since FY2024.
95	CDO Technologies Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force)	$3,297,384	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 38 since FY2024.
96	Usfalcon Inc. Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$3,286,573	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 51 since FY2024.
97	MRIGLOBAL Top agencies HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)	$3,096,962	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 42 since FY2024.
98	Jacobs Government Services Company Through Amentum Technology, Inc. Top agencies USAF (Department of the Air Force) NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$2,985,959	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #65 in FY2024; down 33 since FY2024.
99	Piasecki Aircraft Corp Top agencies Army (Department of the Army)	$2,800,026	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; up 41 since FY2024.
100	Lanteris Space LLC Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$2,750,157	<0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2024 lists; new.

How this ranking works

• Source: every contract action FPDS records (as published on SAM.gov) in the period, as GovTribe received it.
• Amounts are net obligations: what was obligated, less what was deobligated. Shares are of $9.91 billion obligated before deobligations, so they never pass 100%.
• Parent companies: each action counts under the ultimate parent its award record names, or under the awardee when it names none, so no dollar counts twice. Parents of the same name (Inc., LLC and the like aside) count as one company, since FPDS records a company's parent under more than one UEI over time. GovTribe corrects a few parents and names by hand; see the corrections.
• Fiscal year 2025 ran Oct 1, 2024 – Sep 30, 2025. The Department of Defense reports its contract actions to FPDS about 90 days late, so a fiscal year is ranked once they're in, in February, and the list doesn't change after.
• Rank changes compare with FY2024. "New" marks a company outside that period's top 500, and "Returned" one of those that was on an earlier fiscal year's list.
• Rank lines show each company's rank on every fiscal year's list since FY2021, #1 at the top, on a scale that gives the top of the list more room. A dashed stretch spans years it wasn't on the list. The step from FY2024 takes the color of the rank change beside it.
• Placeholder recipients FPDS uses when it names no company ("Miscellaneous Foreign Contractors" and the like) aren't ranked.

Quick answers