Attachment_4_Part_2-_SOP_385-2048_ _15_Apr_14_-__Destruction_of_Hazardous_Unexploded_Ordnance-J_C___.pdf

US ARMY ABERDEEN TEST CENTER

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MD 21005-5059

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR

DESTRUCTION OF HAZARDOUS UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE (UXO)

Test Center SOP Number: 385-2048 Date: 15 APRIL 2014

TECHNICAL REVIEW: 15 APRIL 2016

ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW: 2 YEARS

SAFETY REVIEWER:

t / i. / i L , A__ RESIDUAL RISK LEVEL: Medium

·v /\ '-cf\ DATE: J?f\r:v- ! 1lf LJOi W .

, / DATE: ?f'A/c)eiL 2ot1 PREPARED BY:

O!JS JR, Safety & Occupational Health Office, 278-4411

JO~'CURTIS, En~ Tech, Ammo Operations Branch, 278-3649

'. ' L} . ~ '-( .t \..(. ~- L- DATE: 'Z ,-, ~ -•,2_ Z~' J lj

JAY ~DREWS, Chief, Ammo Operations Branch, 306-2666

REVIEWED BY:

SUBMITTED BY:

CONCURRENCE:

APPROVAL:

SOP 385-2048 15 April 2014

SUPERVISOR'S, TEST OFFICER'S AND EMPLOYEE’S

COMPLIANCE INSTRUCTIONS

AND STATEMENTS

All personnel will comply with the procedures and requirements set forth in this standing operating procedure (SOP).

Failure to do so may result in death, personal injury, property damage, and/or damage to equipment entrusted to our care. Individuals who fail to follow this SOP may be subject to disciplinary action.

Any deviation(s) from the procedures set forth herein are not authorized. Changes to this SOP must be coordinated prior to the approval and implementation.

When procedures in this SOP do not adequately or specifically cover the requirements to perform the operation or task safely, the operation or task will not be started, or if in progress, will be halted until the SOP has been changed. The supervisor and/or employee in charge are responsible for notifying all personnel involved in the operation or task of any stoppages associated with this SOP.

Initial training on this SOP will be given to newly assigned workers by their first line supervisor.

After this training, the worker must sign the Employee's Statement Form. In addition, prior to each operation/task the supervisor or Test Officer will brief workers on at least the following:

a. Specific task requirements and procedures.

b. Individual responsibilities and safety precautions.

c. Any approved changes to the SOP.

SUPERVISOR'S, TEST OFFICER'S AND

EMPLOYEE STATEMENT

(MUST BE REVIEWED AND SIGNED QUARTERLY)

I have read (or have had read to me) and understand the safety and environmental requirements, personnel and explosive limits (if applicable), work description/methods and inspection requirements necessary to accomplish the operation. My supervisor and/or Test Officer has trained me, and I am familiar with my assignments for the operations covered by the SOP. I agree to abide by these instructions throughout my assignment to the operation.

If the SOP does not cover the methods or the procedures to conduct the operation safely, I will immediately stop the operation and inform my supervisor and/or the worker in charge of the situation.

EMPLOYEE DATE EMPLOYEE DATE

SOP PREPARER’S

ANNUAL REVIEW

I have reviewed this Standard Operating Procedure. The SOP is technically accurate, work practices have not changed, and proper controls are in place to mitigate all identified hazards.

I have reviewed this Standard Operating Procedure. The SOP is not technically accurate and/or additional hazards have been identified. The following changes are recommended:

(Signature/Date)

1. PURPOSE: To establish safe operating procedures and to assign responsibilities for range clearance (maintenance) operations involving the destruction by detonation of hazardous unexploded ordnance (UXO), explosive materials, and misfired ammunition encountered on Aberdeen Test Center ranges, to include items recovered from underwater testing.

NOTE:

MISFIRES AND DANGEROUSLY DETERIORATED WP-LOADED, HC, CS, AND

COLORED SMOKE AMMUNITION WILL ALSO BE DETONATED IN

ACCORDANCE WITH THIS PROCEDURE.

2. APPLICABILITY:

a. This procedure applies to those items of ammunition, explosives, and/or ammunition components subjected to test in which no recovery operation of the test item(s) has been planned, scheduled, authorized, or attempted. If recovery is required for observation, further inspection, or testing, a separate risk assessment will have to be conducted and approved prior to recovery.

b. These instructions apply to all personnel engaged in or associated with the subject procedure.

c. This procedure does not apply to the demilitarization by detonation of bulk ammunition and explosives or to the burning of bulk propellant or waste explosives (SOP CS-0000-J-2001).

d. UXO support outside of ATC ranges must be requested by Garrison Aberdeen Proving Ground (GAPG) Installation Safety Office and pre-approved by the Chief, High-Explosive Operations, and ATC Safety and Environmental Officers.

e. UXO which cannot be positively identified through recognition of item from recent testing or training will result in implementation of Chapter 11 of the APG Disaster Control Plan.

(i.e., DIAL 911).

f. The term “Explosive Test Operator” (ETO) will be used extensively throughout this document to identify personnel, both civilian (i.e., Engineering Technicians) and contracted employees, who have been certified by the ATC Ammunition Certification Board at Ammunition Skill Level III and UXO Technician Level III, IAW ATC-R 350-8, and as Explosive Test Operators, IAW ATC-R 350-7.

3. RESPONSIBILITIES:

a. Chief, High-Explosive Operations (HEO) or his designate is responsible for:

(1) All ATC operations pertaining to destruction of UXO items.

(2) Enforcing the requirements of this SOP.

(3) Providing and documenting initial training on this SOP to all supervised personnel involved in these operations.

(4) Submitting a list of certified personnel authorized to conduct this operation to the Range Operations Division and reviewing/updating this list annually IAW ATC-R 350-7.

(5) Ensuring that only personnel trained and certified as indicated in Para 2.f are permitted to conduct this operation. Individuals who have been certified at Ammunition Skill Level I or II may not be utilized in positions requiring a higher level of certification, unless they are working at all times with, and in the immediate presence of, personnel certified at the appropriate level for that operation.

(6) Reviewing the Daily Ammunition Work Slip (DAWS) of the ETOs assigned to conduct the UXO destruction operation.

b. Explosive Test Operator (ETO) in charge is responsible for:

(1) Completing a Daily Ammunition Work Slip and UXO destruction checklist with all pertinent information regarding the UXO and the ammunition items necessary for UXO destruction.

(2) The direct control and supervision of the range area, including all operations and activities within the area.

(3) Notifying Range Operations Division whenever UXO needs to be moved from its found location.

(4) Obtaining a map of the surface danger zone (SDZ) from Range Operations Division and controlling access to range area in accordance with guidance from Range Operations Division.

(5) Before commencing work, thoroughly briefing all workers about their duties and responsibilities, hazards involved, and any special precautions to be observed.

(6) Ensuring that adequate equipment, material, and tools are available to perform the operation in a safe and efficient manner.

(7) Ensuring that proper protective clothing and equipment (PPE) is available and used.

(8) Immediately halting operations when unsafe/hazardous conditions are discovered.

(9) Ensuring that the SDZ is clear of all personnel not actively engaged in the operation before requesting firing clearance from the Range Control Tower Operator.

(10) Requesting a firing clearance from the appropriate Range Control Tower Operator for detonations.

(11) Verifying, by checking the Grounding Test Report, that grounding rod resistance checks have been conducted within the last 24 months and that the resistance does not exceed 25 ohms. He/she will also ensure that the firing line or grounding points used by the Explosive Test Operator (ETO), High Explosive Operations Unit are not tampered with. The grounding point must be an independent ground, i.e. nothing else shall be connected to the firing ground other than the firing line.

c. Range Operations Division is responsible for:

(1) Determining and plotting surface danger zones (SDZ) and providing a map with roadblock locations to the ETO, or Test Officer, in charge of the operations.

(2) Granting personnel clearance for all movement in the danger areas.

(3) Granting firing clearances as needed.

(4) Informing explosive operations under their control of unfavorable weather conditions.

d. Operating and transient personnel are responsible for observing all the applicable requirements of this SOP.

4. LOCATION OF OPERATIONS: Areas designated and approved by Range Operations Division.

5. PERSONNEL LIMITS:

a. The number of personnel permitted to engage in UXO destruction operations will be restricted to the minimum required to perform the job in a safe and efficient manner.

b. The operating crew will never consist of less than two employees. At least one ETO and a safety observer will be present at all times.

c. Transient personnel are restricted to those having an official interest in the operation.

d. Total number of personnel will not exceed the capacity of the bombproof or protective shelter.

e. Personnel limits will not be exceeded.

6. MATERIAL LIMITS: The amount of explosives permitted at the work site will be restricted to the minimum amount required to conduct the operation in a safe and efficient manner. This amount will be indicated on the DAWS.

7. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS:

a. General:

(1) A copy of this SOP shall be readily available at the site of the operation. Supervisory personnel shall maintain copies of the complete SOP and be responsible for the enforcement of its provisions.

(2) When any defect or unusual condition is noted that is not covered by this SOP, operations will be suspended and it will be reported immediately to supervisor, ATC Safety & Occupational Health Office, Range Operations Division, and GAPG Ammunition Surveillance personnel (if applicable).

(3) Care will be taken to limit exposure of a minimum number of personnel, for a minimum period of time, to a minimum amount of hazardous material consistent with safe and efficient operations.

b. Industrial:

(1) Smoking is restricted to approved and properly posted areas.

(2) Operating personnel and transients will wear approved safety shoes and/or boots, and ANSI Z87.1 rated safety glasses.

CAUTION:

CONDUCTIVE FOOTWEAR SHALL NOT BE WORN OUTDOORS.

(3) Flame-resistant coveralls will be worn by employees when a flash hazard exists.

Coveralls will be properly fitted and will not be worn with cuffs or sleeves rolled up.

(4) Appropriate gloves will be worn, when necessary, to prevent cuts and abrasions to the hands.

(5) Before eating and at the conclusion of the day's operation, personnel will wash thoroughly those portions of the body that were exposed to or in contact with explosives.

(6) Appropriate gloves will be worn by personnel handling pentachlorophenol (PCP) treated material. Personnel handling PCP treated material will wash thoroughly with soap and water prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc. Refer to the most current U.S. Army Public Health Command Technical Guide No. 146 for the latest guidance pertaining to the handling and disposal of PCP treated materials.

(7) Personnel will avoid drifting smoke from WP-loaded, HS, CS, and colored smoke munitions by observing a waiting period until smoke has cleared before policing the area after detonation.

c. Explosive:

(1) Initiating devices will be stored separately from all other explosives. They will be retained in metal or metal-lined containers (i.e., ammo can) until just before assembly.

(2) When electrical firing circuits are used at the destruction sites, radio and radar transmission will be in compliance with Para 8 of this SOP.

(3) Handling and emplacing explosive items, including priming and detonation materials, will be accomplished only by ETOs who have been certified as indicated in Para 2.f, or by an ETO in training under the direct supervision of the certified ETO.

(4) When using electrical firing trains, the blasting machine will be retained in the personal possession of the ETO who sets and primes the charge.

WARNING:

ALL MOVEMENT OF POTENTIALLY-ARMED UXO WILL BE ACCOMPLISHED BY

REMOTE OR BARRICADED MEANS, IF POSSIBLE. OTHERWISE, NO

POTENTIALLY-ARMED UXO WILL BE MANUALLY DISTURBED, MOVED,

HANDLED, TRANSPORTED OR DISASSEMBLED BY HAND WITHOUT

CONCURRENCE OF THE SAFETY & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OFFICE AND

NOTIFICATION OF THE RANGE OPERATIONS DIVISION.

PERSONNEL WILL NOT BE PERMITTED TO APPROACH ANY UXO CONTAINING

A PIEZOELECTRIC (LUCKY) PIBD FUZE OR SPRING-DRIVEN FIRING PIN,

WHICH HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO CONDITIONING AT BELOW-FREEZING

TEMPERATURES UNTIL THE UXO HAS BEEN ALLOWED TO RETURN TO

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, AS DETERMINED BY THE ETO IN CHARGE AT

DESTRUCTION SITE. ELAPSED TIME FROM FIRING WILL BE RECORDED BY

THE PERSON IN CHARGE AT THE DESTRUCTION SITE. IF THE AMBIENT

TEMPERATURE IS BELOW FREEZING THE ITEM WILL BE MARKED AND NOT

APPROACHED UNTIL THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE HAS RISEN ABOVE

FREEZING.

PERSONNEL WILL NOT BE PERMITTED TO APPROACH UXO CONTAINING A

PROXIMITY (VT), A TIME TRAIN, OR TIME-DELAY FUZE, OR A ROUND

CONTAINING A SELF-DESTROYING TRACER ELEMENT UNTIL SUFFICIENT

TIME HAS ELAPSED TO PERMIT DISSIPATION OF POWER OF THE INITIATING

FORCE. A WAITING PERIOD OF 24 HOURS IS REQUIRED FOR PROXIMITY (VT)

FUZES. A MINIMUM WAITING TIME OF 60 MINUTES PLUS THE MAXIMUM

DELAY TIME INCORPORATED IN THE FUZE WILL BE ESTABLISHED FOR

TIME-DELAY TYPE FUZES AND ROUNDS HAVING A SELF-DESTROYING

TRACER-BURNING ELEMENT. ELAPSED TIME FROM FIRING WILL BE

RECORDED BY PERSON IN CHARGE AT DESTRUCTION SITE.

d. Range:

(1) Personnel must obtain a personnel clearance from the appropriate range control operator before entering range areas and prior to leaving the range areas. The certified ETO, or Test Officer (if UXO is a result of active testing), will obtain a firing clearance before detonating UXO and will cancel the clearance at the completion of detonation operations.

(2) A ready means of communication by radio between the working party and the range control operator will be maintained at all times.

(3) A vehicle in good mechanical condition shall be kept readily available and running for evacuation purposes in case of an emergency. The vehicle must be parked at least 50 feet from any ammunition or explosive storage site or operation.

(4) For items exceeding the equivalent of 10 pounds of TNT, the ETO will obtain meteorological clearance from the ATC Environmental Noise Manager. For emergency disposal, detonation can be conducted without meteorological clearance.

e. Environmental:

(1) Should a spill of hazardous material/waste occur, immediately perform remedial action, contact the Emergency Spill Response Team (dial 911) and the ATC Environmental Division.

(2) All waste generated during cleanup operations will be disposed of in accordance with APGR 200-2, 200-50, 200-60 and ATC SOP 385-2389.

f. Accident Reporting:

(1) Dial “911” for ambulance or other emergency assistance when needed.

(2) Take care of the injured personnel.

(3) Notify the Range Control Tower Operator, immediate supervisor, Chief, High Explosives Operations (278-2012), and the ATC Safety Incident Hotline (278-3898) as soon as possible.

(4) Follow accident reporting procedures contained in ATC Reg 385-2, ATC General Safety Program, Chapter 2, and submit an Commander’s Accident and Incident Reporting (CCIR) as soon as possible, but NLT four (4) hours after the incident.

8. CONTROL OF RADIO TRANSMISSIONS:

a. The transmitter power-output for radios/microwaves used within ATC varies as follows:

(1) Base stations 30 to 100 watts…………………………….30 to 100 watts

(2) Mobile stations………….………………………………..40 to 60 watts

(3) Portable stations………………………………………….3 to 10 watts

(4) Vehicle PCM telemetry link……………………………...5 watts

(5) Microwave systems (Channels 1&2)……………….…….2 watts

(6) Video scoring microwave link……………………………2 watts

b. The minimum safe distance between transmitter and electrical blasting operations will vary because of transmitter frequency and power. The following distances will apply for the different radio/microwave transmitters used in the range areas:

(1) Base stations and mobiles on 38.45 MHz and 40.9 MHz………..110 feet

(2) Mobile stations………………...…………………………………110 feet

(3) Portable stations…………….……………………………………40 feet

(4) Vehicle PCM telemetry link……………………………………...15 feet

(5) Microwave systems (Channels 1&2)………………………….…10 feet

9. BARRICADES/OPERATIONAL SHIELDS/REMOTE EQUIPMENT: Bombproofs and barricades shall be placed as determined by Range Operations Division.

10. FIRST AID:

a. A standard first-aid kit will be on hand.

b. At least two personnel will hold a valid certification in basic first-aid and CPR.

c. Insect and tick repellents will be on hand and used as necessary.

d. When conducting operations involving WP loaded munitions, a water-filled container shall be readily available that is capable of submerging a leaking projectile.

e. The following first-aid supplies will be available on site:

(1) Water for submerging affected body parts.

(2) Gauze.

(3) Sponges.

f. First-aid Treatment will be administered as follows to any person suffering burns from

WP:

(1) Send someone to Dial 911.

(2) Any portion of the body which has come in contact with WP will be immersed in water, if possible. Those parts of the body which cannot be immersed will be copiously sponged with water. DO NOT RUB.

(3) Continue immersion/flushing until medical help arrives. If necessary, discontinue immersion or flushing and wrap with layers of wet gauze. If possible, wrap while immersion continues.

11. FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT: Two Class 10 BC Rated Fire Extinguishers.

12. OPERATING EQUIPMENT:

a. Blaster’s Multi-meter.

b. M2 or equivalent Blasting Cap Crimpers.

c. Grounding Rod.

d. Blasting Machine.

e. First aid kit.

f. Road blocks/warning signs.

g. Flashing red light(s).

13. PROCEDURES:

a. An ETO will conduct a recon of the suspected UXO to identify the round and mark the location utilizing GPS (UTM coordinates). This information will be provided to the Range Operations Division for the purposes of establishing a Surface Danger Zone (SDZ).

b. If it is estimated that the explosive weight of the UXO may exceed the equivalent of 10 pounds of TNT, a meteorological clearance must be obtained from the ATC Environmental Noise Manager. The ETO will make an accurate estimate of the time when the UXO will be detonated.

c. If it is determined that favorable conditions for detonation will not exist until a later day, the UXO can be left uncovered provided the ATC Range Operations Division and Security Division are notified and concur. The site will be adequately barricaded and marked to prevent entry by uninformed personnel. The Security Division will determine if the site should be guarded or checked by a roving guard and will schedule such as required.

d. The ETO will counter charge the UXO by placing a pre-determined amount of donor explosive material in the appropriate location as determined by round/fuze type and condition to achieve desired result.

PLACEMENT OF CHARGES SHALL BE DETERMINED BY TYPE OF UXO OR

AMOUNT OF EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL TO BE DESTROYED.

e. DESTRUCTION OF UXO or EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL USING ELECTRIC

FIRING CIRCUITS:

PRIOR TO ENTERING THE RANGE AREA, A PERSONNEL CLEARANCE MUST BE

OBTAINED FROM THE APPROPRIATE RANGE CONTROL TOWER OPERATOR.

PRIOR TO WORKING WITH ANY EXPLOSIVE

THE TEST OFFICER OR CERTIFIED ETO MUST OBTAIN A FIRING CLEARANCE

(1) Adjacent to the bombproof or firing shelter the Test Officer, or ETO, will verify that an isolated grounding rod has been installed and checked to a earth ground resistance of 25 ohms or less within the last 24 months. The grounding point must be an independent ground, i.e.

nothing else shall be connected to the firing ground other than the firing line.

(2) The ETO will test the firing wire as follows:

UNSHIELDED ELECTRIC FIRING CIRCUITS SHALL BE SEPARATED FROM

OTHER ENERGIZED LINES.

(a) The ETO will lay out the firing wire from the detonation site to the firing position.

The ETO in charge of the operation will have the blasting machine in his possession at all times.

(b) Firing wires will not be thrown, waved through the air, or snapped as a whip to loosen wire coils.

(c) The ETO will check the firing line for continuity with a blaster’s multi-meter.

(d) The ETO or his designated representative will twist the bare ends of the firing wire together at the firing position and fasten them securely to the ground rod.

IF GROUND ROD RESISTANCE CHECK CANNOT BE VERIFIED, OR

IF STRAY CURRENT OR RF ENERGY EXISTS AND CANNOT BE ELIMINATED,

SWITCH TO NON-ELECTRIC FIRING SYSTEM.

WHEN HANDLING BLASTING CAPS, THE EXPLOSIVE END SHALL BE POINTED

AWAY FROM THE BODY AND HELD AT FULL ARMS LENGTH.

SAFETY GLASSES SHALL BE WORN BY THE OPERATOR.

(3) All non-essential personnel will be evacuated to an approved bombproof or off range, and adjacent ranges will be notified and cleared. Only after the ETO, or Test Officer, in charge is absolutely certain that all personnel have been accounted for and are in a safe location and the adjacent ranges have been notified and cleared, will he contact Range Control and request a firing clearance to perform the detonation.

(4) Electric Blasting Cap Continuity Check: The ETO will check the continuity of the electric blasting cap with the blaster’s multi-meter by:

(a) Grounding/Equalizing potential between self, blasting cap leads, and firing wire to avoid static discharge prior to removing the factory shunt.

(b) Ensuring that the cap is barricaded and the leg wires are fully extended, turning his back to barricaded cap while checking resistance.

(c) Resistance for an M6 electric cap should be approximately 1.5 to 1.8 ohms.

DO NOT USE BLASTING CAPS THAT HAVE BEEN DETERMINED TO BE

DEFECTIVE THROUGH VISUAL INSPECTION OR FAILED CONTINUITY CHECK.

(5) The ETO will grasp the ends of the opened firing lines (to dissipate static) and then splice the cap lead wires to the firing lead wires, ensuring the wires are isolated and insulated. If a series hookup will be employed for multiple shots, the ETO will connect one blasting cap lead wire to one lead wire on the second blasting cap. Repeat for all charges up to maximum number of caps for the particular blasting machine employed.

ONLY CAPS FROM THE SAME LOT WILL BE USED FOR SERIES HOOKUP.

(6) If detonating cord is utilized, the ETO may make a priming loop in the detonating cord and fasten the electric blasting cap to the detonating cord with several wraps of electrical tape. The ETO must ensure the detonating cord is free of kinks or loops and must anchor the free end with small rocks or dirt if the cord coils.

COVER CONNECTIONS BETWEEN BLASTING CAP LEADS AND FIRING WIRES

WITH INSULATING TAPE, NOT THE CARDBOARD SPOOL.

BLASTING CAP SHOULD BE TAPED APPROXIMATELY 6 (SIX) INCHES FROM

THE END OF THE DETONATING CORD.

LEAVE BOTH ENDS OF CAP VISIBLE OUTSIDE OF THE TAPE.

(7) If detonating cord is not utilized, the ETO will carefully insert the electric blasting cap into the donor charge and secure it in place.

(8) The ETO and a designated assistant will return to the bombproof, disconnect the firing wires from the ground rod, and attach them to the multi-meter to determine continuity of the firing circuit.

(9) If continuity is not determined, the ETO will detach the firing wires from the multi-meter and reconnect them to the grounding rod. Then he will check the wires and connections to determine cause of failure and correct the problem.

(10) The ETO will attach the firing wires to the blasting machine and, upon signal of concurrence from designated assistant, will detonate the UXO.

A MINIMUM WAITING PERIOD OF 2 MINUTES WILL BE OBSERVED BY ALL

PERSONNEL AFTER DETONATION OF THE CHARGE TO PREVENT PERSONAL

INJURY FROM FALLING FRAGMENTS. ADDITIONAL TIME MAY BE NEEDED

FOR THE SMOKE TO CLEAR BEFORE PERSONNEL MAY RETURN TO CHECK

THE AREA AFTER DETONATING WP, HC, CS AND COLORED SMOKE ITEMS.

(11) After the waiting period, the ETOs will inspect the surrounding area for unexploded items or material such as lumps of explosives or unfuzed ammunition which will be picked up and/or destroyed in place by detonation. A rake will be used when WP searching operations are performed.

(12) When WP items are to be detonated in areas of dry vegetation, the Garrison Fire Department shall be contacted to have personnel and apparatus standing by at a safe distance from the detonation, so that grass or brush fires may be extinguished at the earliest possible time.

This effort must be coordinated with the ETO in charge and Range Control.

f. DESTRUCTION OF UXO or EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL USING NON-ELECTRIC

FIRING SETUP.

USE M2 OR EQUIVALENT CRIMPERS FOR ATTACHING NON-ELECTRIC

BLASTING CAPS TO SAFETY FUSE OR DETONATING CORD.

(1) All non-essential personnel will be evacuated to an approved bombproof or off range, and adjacent ranges will be notified and cleared. Only after the ETO, or Test Officer, in charge is absolutely certain that all personnel have been accounted and are in a safe location and the adjacent ranges have been notified and cleared, will he contact Range Control and request a firing clearance to perform the detonation.

(2) The ETO will inspect the M2 cap crimper to ensure stop is at least 1/16" high and the nut is well staked to the bolt. If using another approved blasting cap crimper, inspect for serviceability.

(3) The ETO will test the burning rate of the time blasting (safety) fuse daily and whenever a new coil is used. Cut off and dispose of, IAW local regulations, a 6-inch length of fuse. Cut off 3-feet length and check burn rate, (be at least 15 meters (50 ft) from exposed explosive material). Compute burn rate per foot.

(4) Burn rate test is not possible if using M14 Modernized Demolition Initiators. These initiators are manufactured with a minimum five minute time fuse burn rate. The sealed end of the time fuse will be cut at the first tick mark to allow for installation of the fuse igniter. If more than five minutes of safe separation time is needed do not use M14 MDI.

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL A LENGTH OF FUSE THAT HAS A BURNING

TIME OF LESS THAN 5 MINUTES BE USED FOR DETONATION.

(5) The ETO will cut appropriate length of safety fuse to achieve desired safe-separation time. Fuse length shall be long enough to permit the operator to reach safety, while walking normally.

THE SAFETY FUSE MUST BE CUT SQUARELY ACROSS TO REDUCE THE

PROBABILITY OF A MISFIRE.

(6) The ETO will attach the Safety-Fuse Igniter to the free end of the time fuse.

(7) The ETO will then inspect the blasting cap for dirt or foreign matter, by keeping the cap pointed away from body and holding it at arm’s length. If foreign matter is present, hold the open end of the cap down and shake gently, or bump hand against hand holding cap. If foreign matter is still present, replace with new cap and dispose of old cap IAW local regulations.

DO NOT TAP CAP WITH HARD OBJECT OR AGAINST HARD OBJECT.

DO NOT BLOW INTO CAP.

(8) The ETO will seat and crimp the cap to the time fuse. If using a priming adapter, one end of the time fuse will be passed through the priming adapter. Time fuses too large in diameter to enter blasting cap without forcing shall not be used, but will be disposed of IAW local regulations. Hold non-electric blasting cap in one hand at full arms length, and gently insert fuse into cap to fully seat. Using the M2 or equivalent crimping tool, crimp cap to time fuse.

DO NOT FORCE THE FUSE INTO CAP OR TWIST TO SEAT. ENSURE CRIMP

EXTENDS 360 DEGREES AROUND CAP ABOUT ⅛” TO ¼” FROM END.

DO NOT ATTEMPT TO USE INSIDE CUTTING JAWS TO CRIMP CAP.

(9) The ETO will fasten the non-electric cap six (6) inches from free end of detonating cord using electrical tape.

LEAVE BOTH ENDS OF CAP VISIBLE OUTSIDE OF THE TAPE.

EVERYONE EXCEPT THE ETO AND A DESIGNATED ASSISTANT WILL BE

EVACUATED PRIOR TO CONDUCTING THIS STEP.

(10) If detonating cord is not utilized, the ETO will prime the charge by carefully inserting the cap into the charge and placing it in the appropriate location for the particular UXO encountered.

(11) The ETO will, upon concurrence signal from the designated assistant, pull the Safety-Fuse Igniter, and both personnel will immediately return to the bombproof or other safe area.

A MINIMUM WAITING PERIOD OF 2 MINUTES WILL BE OBSERVED BY ALL

PERSONNEL AFTER DETONATION OF THE CHARGE TO PREVENT PERSONAL

INJURY FROM FALLING FRAGMENTS. ADDITIONAL TIME MAY BE NEEDED

FOR THE SMOKE TO CLEAR BEFORE PERSONNEL MAY RETURN TO CHECK

THE AREA AFTER DETONATING WP, HC, CS AND COLORED SMOKE ITEMS.

THE ETO SHALL WEAR GLOVES WHENEVER PULLING

THE M81 TIME FUSE IGNITER.

(12) After the waiting period, ETOs will inspect the surrounding area for unexploded items or material such as lumps of explosives or unfuzed ammunition which will be moved to destruction area and/or destroyed in place by detonation. A rake will be used when WP searching operations are performed.

(13) When WP items are to be detonated in areas of dry vegetation, the Garrison Fire Department shall be contacted to have personnel and apparatus standing by at a safe distance from the detonation, so that grass or brush fires may be extinguished at the earliest possible time.

This effort must be coordinated with the ETO in charge and Range Control.

g. DESTRUCTION OF UXO or EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL USING A SHOCK TUBE

FIRING SETUP:

(1) All non-essential personnel will be evacuated to an approved bombproof or off range, and adjacent ranges will be notified and cleared. Only after the ETO, or Test Officer, in charge is absolutely certain that all personnel have been accounted and are in a safe location and the adjacent ranges have been notified and cleared, will he contact Range Control and request a firing clearance to perform the detonation.

(2) The ETO will unpack and inspect the shock-tube initiator. Any damage to the shock tube or blasting cap will be cause for the initiator to not be utilized.

(3) The ETO will lay out the shock tube with the blasting-cap end near the detonation site and the free end near the safe area.

(4) The ETO will connect the necessary number of branch lines required for the operation to be performed.

(5) If detonating cord is utilized, the ETO may make a priming loop in the detonating cord and fasten the blasting cap to the detonating cord with several wraps of electrical tape. The ETO must ensure the detonating cord is free of kinks or loops and must anchor the free end with small rocks or dirt if the cord coils.

(6) If detonating cord is not utilized, the ETO will prime the charge by carefully inserting the cap into charge and placing it in the appropriate location for the particular UXO encountered.

(7) The ETO will return up range to the safety of the bombproof.

(8) The ETO will cut the sealed end from shock tube and connect the Blasting Machine, M81 Igniter, or firing device to the shock tube.

(9) The ETO will initiate the shock tube from the safe area and listen for detonation.

(10) After the 2 minute waiting period, the ETO’s will inspect the surrounding area for unexploded items or material such as lumps of explosives or unfuzed ammunition which will be moved to destruction area and/or destroyed in place by detonation. A rake will be used when WP searching operations are performed.

(11) When WP items are to be detonated in areas of dry vegetation, the Garrison Fire Department shall be contacted to have personnel and apparatus standing by at a safe distance from the detonation, so that grass or brush fires may be extinguished at the earliest possible time.

This effort must be coordinated with the ETO in charge and Range Control.

h. MISFIRE PROCEDURES:

The following misfire procedures will be employed when the destruction charge fails to function due to misfire of electric or non-electric firing system/train:

PERSONNEL WILL OBSERVE AT LEAST A 60-MINUTE WAIT TIME BEFORE

APPROACHING A NON-ELECTRIC (CAP AND FUSE) MISFIRE. THIS WAITING

TIME WILL START UPON EXPIRATION OF NORMAL BURNING TIME OF THE

SAFETY FUSE.

(1) Failure of non-electric blasting cap:

(a) If a non-electric set-up with time fuse and blasting cap fails to detonate, wait 60 minutes before approaching the charge. Attach a new set-up to the demolition charge.

(b) If a non-electric set-up with shock tube fails to detonate, wait 30 minutes before approaching the charge. Attach a new set-up to the demolition charge.

OBSERVE A 30-MINUTE WAITING TIME FOR ELECTRIC MISFIRE BEFORE

PROCEEDING DOWNRANGE.

(2) Failure of electric blasting cap:

(a) If an electric blasting cap used to fire a demolition charge fails to detonate after three attempts, disconnect the firing lines from blasting machine and check continuity. NOTE:

If continuity is still acceptable, this indicates a problem with the firing device. If another approved firing device is available without personnel coming out from under cover, attempt to fire with new firing device in accordance with paragraph 13.f.(10). If another firing device is not readily available at the firing position or continuity is unacceptable proceed to paragraph 13.i.(2)(b).

(b) Contact range control operator and declare a misfire. ALL PERSONNEL WILL STAY UNDER COVER FOR A 30-MINUTE WAITING PERIOD or longer as determined by the Test Officer and ETO and notify range operations operator.

(c) At the end of the waiting period, all personnel will remain under cover while the ETO inspects the circuit for defects and corrects any problems.

(d) If it can be determined that the misfire was caused by a break in continuity in the firing line or spliced electrical connections, remove cap from destruction charge, barricade cap and repair electrical connections. If determination cannot be made or it is suspected that the cap is bad, place a new blasting cap next to the one that failed.

AFTER A 30-MINUTE (ELECTRIC OR SHOCK TUBE) OR 60-MINUTE (NON-

ELECTRIC CAP AND TIME FUSE) WAITING PERIOD ALL FAILURES WILL BE

INVESTIGATED BY ONE ETO WITH OTHER PERSONNEL UNDER COVER UNTIL

DEFECTS ARE CORRECTED OR ALL CLEAR IS GIVEN.

THE ETO WHO PRIMED THE CHARGE SHALL BE THE INDIVIDUAL

WHO INSPECTS THE MISFIRE.

(3) Failure of demolition charge: No attempt will be made to recover the malfunctioned charge other than for subsequent destruction. A new charge will be assembled and emplaced as outlined previously in this procedure.

i. Completion of Detonation. The ETO checks the shot, verifies all explosive hazards have been destroyed, gives the all clear, and subsequently cancels the firing clearance with the range control operator.

14. ELECTRICAL STORMS:

a. In the event of an electrical storm, the ATC Atmospheric Effects Team will notify “B” Tower of the approaching lightning storms. The Atmospheric Effects Team will specify the timeframe that the storm is threatening and will not call back unless the specified timeframe has changed. Upon notification, the “B” Tower operator will notify all other towers and the towers will halt all firing tests/explosives operations under their control during the period of lightning threat.

b. If time permits, the ETOs will secure the ammunition/explosives by placing the item(s) back into the shipping containers and moving the items to a location protected by a lightning protection system (LPS). Security of the ammunition/explosives will be maintained via direct surveillance or other means approved by the ATC Security Officer.

15. POSTING: A copy of this SOP will be readily available at the site of all UXO operations.

16. REFERENCES:

a. ATEC Reg 385-1 ATC Radiation Safety Program.

b. DA Pam 385-64 Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards.

c. ATC-Reg 385-2 ATC General Safety Program.

d. TM 9-1300-277 General Instructions For Demilitarization/ Disposal of Conventional Munitions.

e. FM 3-34.214 Explosives and Demolitions.

f. APG-R 385-1 Range Administration.

g. ATC Reg 385-11 Personnel Qualifications for Static Detonations and Demolition Operations.

APPENDIX A

UXO DESTRUCTION CHECKLIST

CHECKPOINT INITIAL COMMENTS

PRE-SHOT NOTIFICATION

Receive notice of possible UXO Notify Range Control of UXO on range ETO responds to range Conduct safety brief for recon of UXO Conduct recon Round ID:

Mark position with GPS waypoint Grid:

Determine if UXO can be blown in place Determine amount of explosives needed N.E.W:

Contact Range Control in person to determine Surface Danger Zone and obtain SDZ map

SDZ:

Request special firing clearance if required Clearance # :

IF UXO IS FUZED AND MUST BE MOVED FOLLOW PROCEDURES FOR REMOTE MOVE

PRE-SHOT SET-UP

Complete Daily Ammunition Work Slip (DAWS) Radios, PPE, Tools, Equipment Pull explosive set-up and transport to range

RANGE SET-UP

Conduct safety brief for UXO destruction Secure Range Clear all personnel out of danger area/Put under cover

OPERATIONS

Open firing clearance with range control Clearance # :

Setup explosive charge IAW appropriate JHA Retreat to safe area Detonation shot time Time:

Check area and give All Clear Close clearance with shot time Clear off range with tower

NOTES:

APPENDIX B

JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA)

JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS JOB TITLE/OPERATION: SOP 385-2048, DESTRUCTION OF

UXO using Low Energy Electric Set-Up DATE: 15 April 2014

BASIC JOB STEPS EXISTING/POTENTIAL

HAZARD RISK CORRECTIVE MEASURE RISK

1. Review this JHA and SOP 385- 2048 During Daily Safety Meeting.

1. No Hazard 1. None Required.

2. Ensure that all tools and equipment are available and serviceable, including:

Personal Protective Equipment (Flame Resistant Coveralls when flash fire hazard exist, i.e. burning operations, Safety Glasses, Gloves), Approved Hand Tools, Electrical Tape and Blasting Machine. Ensure firing site has an isolated ground rod that is checked and certified to 25 ohms or less resistance by verifying grounding report (available from the Safety & Occupational Health Office). Surface Danger Zone and bombproof requirements will be determined by Range Operations Division.

3. Route Firing Lines from the bombproof to the UXO site. Ensure that firing lines are shorted and grounded.

3. Fall, same level, from tripping over lines.

IIID

3. Keep walkways clear and unobstructed. IIIE

4. Measure resistance of firing line with Blaster’s Meter. Note resistance.

4. Fall, same level, from tripping over lines.

4. Keep walkways clear and unobstructed.

IIIE

5. Evacuate all non-essential personnel.

5a. Fall, same level, from tripping over lines. IIID

5a. Keep walkways clear and unobstructed. IIIE

6. Obtain Firing Clearance from ATC Range Control.

6. No Hazard. 6. None Required.

7. Prepare explosive counter charge and place in appropriate location to ensure destruction of UXO item.

7. Explosive force and/or fragmentation exposure from unintended detonation resulting in personnel injury or death.

ID

7. Observe proper procedures for explosive handling.

Personnel will not subject energetic materials to undo force, heat, shock, or friction. ETO will wear appropriate PPE.

IE

8. Unpack M6 Blasting Caps, Squibs, or other required low energy initiator.

8. Unintentional initiation due to mishandling of Blasting Caps or initiators resulting in personal injury or death.

ID 8. Personnel will observe proper procedures for handling explosive items. Personnel will not subject initiators/blasting caps to undo force, heat, shock, or friction. ETO will wear appropriate PPE. ETO will follow grounding procedures. Initiators will be kept separated from explosives during setup.

SO

P 385-2048 A

PPEN

D

IX

B

15 A pril 2014

BASIC JOB STEPS EXISTING/POTENTIAL

HAZARD RISK CORRECTIVE MEASURE RISK

9. ETO will check resistance of initiator/blasting caps with the blaster’s multi-meter by:

• Grounding.

• Inspecting cap

• Barricading cap.

• Extending leg wires.

• Removing shunt.

• Measure resistance on OHM setting of the blaster’s multi-meter.

• Re-shunt leg wires by twisting bare wire ends together.

• Note resistance reading.

NOTE: The M6 blasting cap should have a resistance of approx 1.5 - 1.8 ohms.

9a. Unintentional initiation of low energy blasting cap/initiators due to static electricity resulting in personal injury or death.

9b. Fragmentation due to unintentional detonation of blasting cap resulting in personnel injury or death.

9c. Damage to initiator/blasting cap or unacceptable resistance reading resulting in misfire or unintended initiation.

9a.ETO will wear Safety glasses while handling initiators/blasting caps. ETO will practice proper grounding techniques by grounding bare hand to bare earth or grasping the firing wires that are connected to the grounding rod and equalizing potential between himself and the leg wires of the initiator/blasting cap.

9b. Ensure that cap is barricaded (under/behind sandbag or suitable shielding) and leg wires are fully extended. Turn back to barricaded cap when measuring resistance.

NOTE: If leg wires are too short to provide adequate standoff, extend them with additional lengths of blasting wire. Note that resistance is additive and that the resistance of the extension wires will have to be subtracted from the circuit measurement to obtain the resistance of the initiator/blasting cap itself.

9c. If the initiator/blasting cap is damaged or does not have a resistance in the desired range, do not use that blasting cap. Destroy IAW local regulations.

10. Connect initiator/blasting cap electrical wires to the firing line.

10. Unintentional initiation due to mishandling of initiator/blasting cap resulting in personal injury or death.

COVER CONNECTIONS

BETWEEN BLASTING CAP

LEADS AND FIRING WIRES

WITH INSULATING TAPE, NOT

THE CARBOARD SPOOL.

ID 10. Personnel will observe proper procedures for handling explosive items. Personnel will use appropriate tools. Personnel will not subject initiator/blasting cap to undo force, heat, shock, or friction. ETO will wear appropriate PPE.

IE

11. Evacuate all remaining personnel except the ETO unless special circumstances are required.

11. Fall, same level, from tripping over lines.

11. Keep walkways clear and unobstructed. IIIE

P 385-2048

15 A

BASIC JOB STEPS EXISTING/POTENTIAL

HAZARD RISK CORRECTIVE MEASURE RISK

12. The ETO will insert the initiator/blasting cap into the explosive counter charge.

12. Unintentional initiation due to resulting in personal injury.

ID 12. Personnel will observe proper procedures for handling explosive items. Personnel will not subject initiator/blasting cap to undo force, heat, shock, or friction. ETO will wear appropriate PPE.

13. The ETO will evacuate to the bombproof with the other personnel.

13. Fall, same level, from tripping over lines.

13. Keep walkways clear and unobstructed. IIIE

14. The ETO will remove the firing line from the ground rod and, while under adequate cover, check the continuity of the firing line and initiator/blasting cap circuit.

14. This resistance should be approximately equal to the firing line resistance and the initiator/blasting cap resistance. Total resistance must be less than 25 ohms.

IVD 14. If the total resistance of the firing line and the blasting cap is greater than 25 ohms change to a firing line with a lower resistance. Grounding rod must be independent and isolated from all other wires or sources of energy.

IVE

15. The ETO will connect the Blasting Machine to the Firing Line.

15. Exposure of Personnel not under cover resulting in injury or death.

ID 15. Evacuate personnel to safe location before connecting firing lines.

DO NOT connect the firing line to the blasting machine until ETO has verified that all personnel are in a safe location.

IE

16. The ETO will initiate the detonation.

16. Exposure of Personnel not under cover. ID 16. Evacuate personnel to safe location before connecting firing lines.

17. All personnel will remain under cover for 2 minutes after shot. The ETO will then verify that UXO was destroyed and determine if the area is safe for others to come out from under cover.

17. Hazard from explosive/energetic material remaining from detonation.

ID 17. The ETO will conduct a visual inspection of the area to determine if the area is safe for personnel.

IE

18. The ETO will close the clearance.

18. No Hazard 18. None Required

19. If a misfire occurs, the ETO will make 3 additional attempts to detonate the explosive.

19. Exposure of Personnel not under cover. ID 19. Ensure all personnel remain undercover.

BASIC JOB STEPS EXISTING/POTENTIAL

HAZARD RISK CORRECTIVE MEASURE RISK

20. If circuit still fails to fire, the ETO will check the firing circuit for continuity. See NOTE in Corrective Measures column.

The Test Officer/ETO will notify Range Control of the Misfire.

20. No Hazard

20. Not Applicable

NOTE: If continuity is still acceptable, this indicates a problem with the firing device. If another approved firing device is available without personnel coming out from under cover, attempt to fire with new firing device in accordance with step 16 of Utilization of Low Energy Initiators/Blasting Caps for Static Firing. If another firing device is not readily available at the firing position or continuity is unacceptable proceed to Step 21.

21. All personnel will remain under cover for 30 minutes.

21. No Hazard 21. Not Applicable.

22. After 30 minute wait time, the ETO will inspect the firing circuit and correct the problem for another attempt.

22a. Unintentional initiation due to resulting in personal injury.

22b. Exposure of personnel not under cover.

22a. Personnel will observe proper procedures for handling explosive items. Personnel will not subject energetic materials to undo force, heat, shock, or friction. ETO will wear appropriate PPE.

22b. No other personnel are to come out from under cover until ETO declares the range safe of explosive hazards.

23. After problem has been corrected and continuity has been established proceed to step 16 of JHA Destruction of UXO using Low Energy Electric Set-Up.

23. No Hazard 23. None Required

UXO using Non-Electric Set-Up DATE: 15 April 2014

BASIC JOB STEPS EXISTING/POTENTIAL

HAZARD RISK CORRECTIVE MEASURE RISK

1. Review this JHA and SOP 385- 2048 During Daily Safety Meeting.

1. No Hazard.

1. None Required.

2. Ensure that all tools, equipment, and caps are available and serviceable, including:

Personal Protective Equipment (Fire Resistant Coveralls if a flash hazard exists, i.e. during burn operations, Safety Glasses), Approved Hand Tools, M2 Cap Crimper or Equivalent, Tape. M700 Time Fuse, M60 or M81 Igniter. Surface Danger Zone and bombproof requirements will be determined by Range Operations Division.

3. Evacuate non-essential personnel from the area.

3. No Hazard.

3. No Hazard.

4. Obtain firing clearance from ATC Range Control.

4. No Hazard.

4. None Required.

5. Prepare explosive counter charge and place in appropriate location to ensure destruction of UXO item.

5. Explosive force and/or fragmentation exposure from unintended detonation

5. Observe proper procedures for explosive handling.

force, heat, shock, or friction. ETO will wear

6. If utilizing M14 Blasting Cap, cut sealed end of time fuse off at the first black tick mark and attach M60 or M81 igniter by removing the shipping plug and insert the fuse until it contacts the primer. Then tighten the fuse holder cap. Proceed to Step 16.

6a. Cuts or lacerations to fingers, hands and upper parts of the body or eyes.

6b. Unintentional initiation due to rough handling of explosive item resulting in personal injury or death

IID

6a. Use the cutter on the cap crimpers to cut the time fuse. Wear proper PPE.

6b. Observe proper handling procedures and wear safety glasses.

IIE

7. If using M700 time fuse and M7 blasting cap, Unpack M700 time fuse and cut a 6 inch section off the end.

This is to access fuse that has not been exposed to humidity. Ensure that all cuts to time fuse are square.

7. Cuts or lacerations to fingers, hands and upper parts of the body or eyes.

IID 7. Use the cutter on the cap crimpers to cut the time fuse. Wear proper PPE including Safety Glasses.

BASIC JOB STEPS EXISTING/POTENTIAL

HAZARD RISK CORRECTIVE MEASURE RISK

8. Time Fuse Burn Rate Test:

Test will be conducted daily and whenever a new roll is used.

Cut a 3 foot section of time fuse to check the burn rate by:

• Remove the safety plug for the M60 or M81 Igniter and insert the fuse until it contacts the primer. Then tighten the fuse holder cap.

• Hold the Igniter with one hand and remove the safety pin with your other hand.

• Push the ring in, give a 90 degree turn and pull the ring to initiate the primer which will ignite the fuse.

• Record initiating time.

8a. Cuts or lacerations to fingers, hands and

8b. Failure to properly secure safety fuse to initiator resulting in burns to hands or fingers. Potential inhalation of smoke from burning fuse.

8c. Fire resulting in propagation of other explosive materials resulting in personal injury or death.

8d. Failure to properly secure the fuse in the initiator or failure to properly hold the initiator resulting in burns to hands and fingers.

IID

8a. Use the cutter on the cap crimpers to cut the time fuse. Wear proper PPE including Safety Glasses.

8b. Make sure the shipping plug is removed from the M60 or M81 fuse igniter. Make sure that time fuse is fully seated in the igniter assembly in direct contact with the primer. Tighten the fuse holder cap to prevent slippage of the fuse.

8c. Conduct burn rate test at least 50 ft downwind of other explosive material. Do not conduct burn rate test around dry vegetation or other flammable material.

8d. Make sure that time fuse is fully seated in the igniter assembly in direct contact with the primer.

Tighten the fuse holder cap to prevent slippage of the fuse. Wear proper PPE, including gloves and safety glasses.

WARNING: Ensure gloves are worn when initiating M81 igniter. Plastic can fragment upon functioning resulting in hand laceration and burn.

9. Observe the other end of the fuse until it sparks. Record this time.

9. Sparks from the end of the fuse can cause burns, eye injuries and initiate fires.

IID 9. Wear proper PPE including safety glasses. Do Not touch burning time fuse. Conduct the test burn in a location that is isolated from combustible materials.

IIE

10. Determine Burn Rate of Time Fuse and Calculate Length of Fuse needed for desired time to initiate.

10. By calculating the wrong length, the initiation would take longer or shorter than desired, possibly creating a…