Attachment_5-FGA_ISWMP,_November_2017,_32_Pages.PDF

Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan

Fort Greely, Alaska

November 2017

Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Purpose, Scope and Authorizations

2.1 Purpose

2.2 Scope

2.3 Authorizations

3.0 Responsibilities

3.1 Garrison Commander

3.2 Directorate of Public Works (DPW)

3.3 Fort Greely Environmental Division

3.4 Missile Defense Agency

3.5 Tenants and Contractors

3.6 Doyon Utilities, LLC (DU)

3.7 North Haven Communities

4.0 Environmental Setting

4.1 Weather

4.2 Geology, Terrain

4.3 Water Resources

4.3.1 Surface Waters

4.3.2 Ground Water

5.0 Demographics

5.1 General

5.2 Populations

5.2.1 Resident

5.2.2 Year-round Workforce

5.2.3 Construction Contractors

6.0 Waste Generation, Collection, Storage and Handling

6.1 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

6.1.1 Mixed Waste

6.1.2 Paper, Cardboard

6.1.3 Aluminum Cans

6.2 Asbestos Containing Waste (ACM Waste)

6.3 Hazardous Waste

6.4 Used Oil and Antifreeze

6.5 Lead-based Paint Containing Waste (LBP Waste)

6.6 Petroleum/Antifreeze Contaminated Soil

6.7 Sewage Sludge

6.7.1 Methane Monitoring

6.8 Inert Waste

6.8.1 Construction and Demolition Debris (C&D)

6.8.2 Concrete

6.8.3 Burnpit

6.9 Other Wastes

6.9.1 White Goods/Appliances

6.9.2 Cooking Oil

6.9.3 Asphalt

6.9.4 Radioactive Waste

6.9.5 Electronic Waste (e-waste)

6.9.6 Reutilization

6.9.7 Wag Bags

7.0 Waste Diversion, Minimization and Recycling

7.1 Waste Diversion

7.2 Waste Minimization

7.3 Recycling

7.4 Compost Operations

7.5 Construction and Demolition Wastes

8.0 MSW, Asbestos, Inert Waste Capacities and Expansion Areas

8.1 Current Capacities

8.1.1 MSW

8.1.2 Inert Waste

8.1.3 Regulated Asbestos Containing Material (RACM)

8.2 Expansion Areas

8.2.1 MSW

8.2.2 C&D

8.2.3 Salvage Yard/Sprung Structure

8.2.4 RACM

9.0 Landfill Operations

9.1 Waste Separation, Collection and Delivery

9.2 Construction and Demolition Debris Disposal Areas

9.3 Clean Concrete Disposal Area

9.4 Training

10.0 Closure

10.1 MSW and Asbestos – Unit 2

10.1.1 Schedule, Interim Closures

10.1.2 Waste Inventories

10.1.2.1 Full Capacity

10.1.3 Closure Process, Standards and Costs

10.1.3.1 Submissions and Notifications

10.1.3.2 Standards

10.1.3.3 Closure, Post-Closure Costs

10.2 MSW and Asbestos – Unit 3

10.2.1 Schedule, Interim Closures

10.2.2 Waste Inventories

10.2.3 Closure Process, Standards and Costs

10.2.3.1 Submissions and Notifications

10.2.3.2 Closure, Post-Closure Costs

10.3 Existing C&D Disposal Area

10.3.1 Closure Process, Standards and Cost

10.3.2 Submissions and Notifications

10.3.3 Standards

10.3.4 Closure, Post-Closure Costs

10.4 Inert Waste Monofill

11.0 Approval

Attachments

1.0 Introduction

This plan examines the solid waste management parameters at Fort Greely Alaska (FGA) and presents the operating scenarios that are available to FGA. The plan considers the pollution prevention hierarchy of waste elimination/minimization, recycling, and disposal to select solid waste management schemes for FGA that are practical, compliant with regulatory requirements, and cost-effective for FGA.

The plan includes a characterization of all solid waste streams at FGA, including: municipal solid waste (MSW); hazardous waste; used oil and antifreeze; asbestos containing waste; lead-based paint containing waste; sewage sludge; white goods and used tires; and inert waste such as construction and demolition debris. The plan describes the handling, processing and disposal schemes for each waste stream along with the associated regulatory requirements and implementation responsibilities.

2.0 Purpose, Scope and Authorizations

2.1 Purpose

The purpose of this plan is to: identify and characterize and comply with the solid waste streams at FGA; describe handling and processing options available to FGA, including waste minimization and recycling; identify waste disposal options; and present waste management practices that are practical, compliant, and cost-effective. The plan provides a basis for FGA decision-makers to consider future waste management choices.

This plan identifies measures under consideration designed to make progress in meeting the Army's waste diversion goals as set forth in the Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management memorandum dated September 2, 2008 entitled "Army Integrated (Non-Hazardous) Solid Waste Management Policy."

2.2 Scope

The plan considers all solid waste streams at FGA, their origins and characterization, waste management practices, and implementation responsibilities. This plan governs those aspects of solid waste collection and disposal, governed by Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) Permit #’s SW2A008-18 and SWZA055-19 and subsequent modifications. The regulation also covers non-regulated activities to include recycling, composting and operation of the clean concrete disposal area.

2.3 Authorizations

The authorization for this plan can be obtained from the following sources: AR 200-1, Environmental Protection and Enhancement; AR 420-49, Facilities Engineering Utility Services; EO 13693, Planning for Federal sustainability in the next decade; and DoD Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan FY 2012.

3.0 Responsibilities

This plan is applicable to all FGA Directorates and Offices, Tenant Organizations, Contractors and Residents.

3.1 Garrison Commander

The Garrison Commander is the responsible official for environmental compliance at Fort Greely and provides overall policy and guidance associated with environmental compliance.

The Commander will consult regularly with the Fort Greely Environmental Division (FGAENV) to ensure that the installation’s environmental policies and procedures are consistent with federal, state and Army requirements and are properly implemented. The Commander will consult regularly with all installation tenant organizations and departments and facilitate resolution of conflicts regarding environmental matters that cannot be resolved at lower levels.

3.2 Directorate of Public Works (DPW)

(1) DPW Director/Contract Management

(2) DPW Operations Unit performs waste collection and disposal operations at Fort Greely, including:

(a) Staging and servicing solid waste and recycling dumpsters (collection)

(b) Operation and monitoring of the MSW, asbestos, construction and demolition

(C&D) wastes landfills, and the clean concrete disposal area.

(c) Developing and maintaining records on waste disposal operations

(d) Complying with the provisions of ADEC’s solid waste disposal permits as they relate to DPW Operations’ activities

3.3 Fort Greely Environmental Division (FGAENV)

FGAENV will oversee recycling, solid waste diversion and disposal operations for environmental compliance. FGAENV will submit all required reports and documents to regulatory agencies and serve as FGA’s primary point of contact on environmental compliance.

FGAENV will advise DPW, tenants, contractors and others of environmental requirements, provide assistance in achieving and maintaining compliance, and implement and document all training requirements. In the event of non-compliant activities, FGAENV will seek resolution.

As the Garrison Commander’s environmental representative, the FGAENV will be the point of contact for interface with federal, state, and local environmental regulatory agencies on all environmental compliance matters associated with Garrison and tenant activities.

3.4 Missile Defense Agency (MDA) / Missile Defense Battalion (MBD)

The Missile Defense Agency and 49th Missile Defense Battalion manage operations and activities at the Missile Defense Complex (MDC). They will ensure that all contractors and personnel providing services or conducting operations at the MDC comply with this regulation and any related federal and state environmental requirements. They will promptly consult with FGAENV and/or the Garrison Commander, regarding any special considerations (e.g., security) or other issues that may affect environmental compliance at the MDC.

3.5 Tenants, Contractors, FGA Waste Generators to include construction contractors:

All tenants, contractors and FGA waste generators are responsible to comply with the applicable provisions of this regulation. Tenants are responsible to ensure that their contractors comply with the relevant provisions of this regulation and take all prudent measures to minimize waste generation and maximize material reuse and recycling select materials. Tenants and contractors must obtain an authorization from FGAENV prior to disposing of C&D debris or RACM waste.

As appropriate, FGAENV will issue a card authorizing use of the C&D disposal area or RACM disposal cell to persons for waste generated on Fort Greely. All weigh slips are required to be turned over to either the landfill operator or the FGAENV on the day of deposit.

3.6 Doyon Utilities, LLC (DU)

DU may utilize FGA waste disposal facilities for MSW, C&D, asbestos and clean concrete. .

For purposes of this regulation, DU is subject to the same requirements and limitations as other tenants or contractors when FGA waste collection or disposal services are utilized.

In its discretion, DU may elect to transport waste covered by this regulation and generated by the activities of DU and its contractors off of FGA for processing and disposal. All waste collection, storage, and transfer facilities shall be located on property controlled by DU and be solely operated and maintained by DU or its contractors.

3.7 North Haven Communities (NHC)

NHC may utilize FGA waste disposal facilities for MSW, C&D, asbestos and clean concrete.

For purposes of this regulation, NHC is subject to the same requirements and limitations as other tenants or contractors when FGA waste collection or disposal services are utilized. Since February 2016, NHC’s MSW is collected by DPW Operations and placed in FGA’s landfill.

NHC pays for the labor and landfill tipping fees for the pickup and transport of MSW generated by the activities of NHC and property controlled by NHC. This has had an immediate effect on the daily amount of MSW generated and adversely impacts FGA’s overall landfill diversion numbers.

4.0 Environmental Setting

4.1 Weather

FGA is in a subarctic area and experiences severe weather extremes. The annual precipitation is approximately 12 inches, including 37 inches of snow. The majority of the annual precipitation occurs as rainfall during the summer months. The average low temperature in January is -23°C (-11°F). The average high temperature during July is +20°C (+69°F). Temperature extremes have been recorded from -53°C to +33°C (-63°F to +92°F).

4.2 Geology, Terrain

FGA is located on a low alluvial terrace having a gently undulating terrain. Elevations range from 1,250 to 1,350 feet above sea level. The surface topography generally slopes to the north.

FGA soils are shallow, well-drained silt loams with underlying sand and gravel.

4.3 Water Resources

4.3.1 Surface Waters

FGA is in the Delta River watershed. The principal surface drainage is eastward toward Jarvis Creek, however, the majority of precipitation infiltrates into the ground and does not reach Jarvis Creek as runoff.

4.3.2 Ground Water

Ground water generally flows in a northeasterly direction in the vicinity of FGA. The depth to groundwater varies from 150-300 feet at FGA. The aquifer is unconfined, but sporadic silt layers create some small pockets of perched groundwater.

5.0 Demographics

5.1 General

FGA was selected as a site for the Missile Defense Agency's ground-based interceptor program and began the process of reactivation and realignment in 2002. Consequently, the resident, day-use and contractor populations have increased steadily. Projecting future growth at FGA is speculative and dependent on several factors outside FGA's immediate purview. Unknown factors include: the extent of future construction of ground-based interceptor infrastructure; the use of FGA as a support platform for other U.S. Army programs and activities; and the extent of joint-use of FGA land and facilities, e.g., enhanced use lease arrangements, and joint Army-civilian use of Allen Army Airfield. For purposes of this plan, the current makeup and activity level at FGA is assumed to be more-or-less steady over time.

Figure 1

5.2

Populations

5.2.1 Resident

FGA's resident population consists of U.S Army soldiers, civil servants, and some contractors.

Family members and dependents are also included in this population sector. The resident population is currently about 297.

5.2.2 Year-round Workforce

The day-use population consists of military members, DA civilians (DAC) and support/operational contract employees. The current population of this sector is approximately 1020. The average daytime population at FGA, including residents, is currently 1187.

5.2.3 Construction Contractors

Construction contractor personnel levels are seasonal in nature. The highest population occurs during the April through September construction season.

6.0 Waste Generation, Collection, Storage and Handling

6.1 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

On average, FGA disposes of approximately 1.5 tons per day of MSW. FGA began managing NHC’s MSW in February 2016. The landfill tonnage has increased from typically one ton or less per day to 1.5 tons per day. The MSW generation numbers are derived from 12 consecutive months of landfill deposit data.

DPW Operations will locate dumpsters for mixed waste, aluminum cans and cardboard at or near the points of waste generation. FGA will no longer be recycling paper, plastic, tin/steel cans or glass bottles/jars. Labeling of dumpsters will be clear and visible. Tenants, installation activities, contractors, residents and other waste generators on FGA will ensure that only allowable waste/material types are placed in dumpsters. Any questions regarding the suitability of a waste/material for placement in a dumpster shall be directed to the FGAENV.

6.1.1 Mixed Waste

"Mixed waste" is Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). It includes all MSW except cardboard and aluminum cans that should be segregated for recycling. Since we will no longer be recycling other materials such as paper, plastics, etc., all household waste will be placed in these containers. Mixed waste dumpsters are located throughout FGA. The dumpsters are emptied on at least a weekly basis by a compaction truck. The collected waste is weighed and then delivered to the MSW landfill for disposal. Prior to disposal the waste loads are spot-checked to remove inappropriate wastes (e.g., liquids, hazardous waste, aerosol cans, etc.).

6.1.2 Cardboard

Dumpsters are emptied on a weekly basis by custodial personnel and have been labeled to receive cardboard only. Cardboard boxes are collected separately and are required to be broken down to allow more deposit space in dumpsters. Under current operations, dumpsters are emptied on an as-needed or weekly basis, weighed and shipped for recycling or to the landfill for disposal. Any recycling dumpster that is sent to the landfill is due to an unusually large amount of trash deposited in the dumpster that contaminates the load.

6.1.3 Aluminum Cans

Dumpsters for aluminum cans have been placed near the housing area and the north end of building 601, as well as two additional locations. The dumpsters are emptied on an as-needed basis, weighed and shipped for recycling. Aerosol cans are to be disposed of through FGA’s hazardous waste contractor in building 637.

A waste composition study has been accomplished for FGA. The composition of FGA's MSW is estimated as: (see Table 1 below)

Table 1

6.2 Asbestos Containing Material Waste (ACM wastes)

Two categories of ACM waste are generated: Regulated ACM (RACM) and non-regulated (non-RACM). RACM is defined at 40CFR61.141. FGA generates both regulated asbestos containing material (RACM) and non-regulated ACM wastes. Generation rates are highly variable and largely dependent on the level of demolition and renovation activities in any year.

RACM wastes are primarily generated during repairs and renovations. Most work at FGA is "glove-bag" work; however, some larger repair, renovation or demolition projects can generate larger quantities of RACM wastes. RACM must be wetted and double-bagged or wrapped with leak-proof 6 mil plastic material prior to disposal. Bagged or wrapped RACM must be labeled "Contains Asbestos: Avoid Opening or Breaking, Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health." RACM includes friable asbestos and other ACM that may become friable. No RACM will be accepted for disposal at the Class II landfill unless the delivery is accompanied by an Asbestos Waste Removal and Shipment Report (Attachment 1). In addition to the shipment record, RACM waste will be inspected by the landfill operator prior to acceptance, to ensure proper containment in leak proof plastic and that the bags are properly labeled. Also, no deliveries will be made without a landfill dump card issued by FGAENV stating the type of waste and where it originated from.

The bagged waste will be placed carefully in the dedicated cell by loader bucket for large, heavy deposits or by hand if smaller packets such as glove bags. As with non-RACM deposits, at least six inches of cover material will be applied before compaction of the waste to prevent the breaking or tearing of bags for disposal. Cover material is in close proximity for easy access when covering RACM waste immediately after placement. Prior to delivering the processed waste to the landfill, the load is required to be quantified by volume and weight with the information notated on the shipment record. It will be transported to the dedicated asbestos cell for disposal or to the holding dumpster at the hazardous waste storage facility if removal takes place over the winter. During the winter months, RACM wastes are temporarily stored at the hazardous waste storage facility until it can be safely (i.e., without risk of breaking the wrapping or releasing asbestos) transported to the landfill for disposal. All RACM waste is tracked from the point of generation to final disposal. In 2016, approximately 1.5 tons of RACM was generated.

MSW Composition MSW Component National Average

% by weight FGA Estimate % by weight

Paper/Cardboard 34.2 59.23 Yard Trimmings 13.1 .3 Food Scraps 11.9 9.3 Plastics 11.8 8.3 Metals 7.6 6.4 Rubber, Leather, Textiles 7.3 4.0 Glass 5.2 2.1 Wood 5.7 4.1 Other 3.4 3.3

The DPW Operations landfill operator will provide FGAENV with copies of RACM shipment reports on a monthly basis. The shipment reports will be annotated to indicate where in the cell the RACM waste was placed. The dedicated asbestos cell must be clearly delineated with signage identifying the area and the hazards (i.e, "Danger: Asbestos Disposal Area, Do Not Disturb"). FGAENV will maintain a diagram of the ACM cell(s) depicting the location, amount and dates of RACM waste placement. All RACM waste will be immediately covered after placement in the cell.

Non-RACM waste is generated during renovations and demolitions. Non-RACM wastes include Category I (e.g., gaskets, resilient floor coverings, asphalt roofing materials) and Category II (e.g., that is not friable and will not become friable during handling or disposal).

Non-RACM wastes are typically deposited in the C&D cell with a minimum of six inches of cover applied on the day of disposal prior to compaction. Typically, this material it is emptied from an eight yard, bottom dump waste container or roll-off container, always working to keep minimal disturbance to the waste. Once empty, the truck and container is removed while still raised and the truck with the container is removed from the disposal site and neither the truck nor container comes in contact with the waste material once dumped. Those working with Non- RACM for removal will be instructed to bag the waste in clear plastic bags, (no special mil thickness required) to help prevent dust occurring from breakage when dumping in the landfill.

This way, the waste is placed in such a manner so it does not break or create dust and is placed separately from other waste so that cover can be applied and compacted. Small amounts are unloaded by hand and handled to reduce dust and breakage. The cover material is dumped in front of the loader as it drives over the waste so that the loader only drives on covered waste.

The landfill operator will not compact the non-RACM until the six inches of cover material is applied. The operator understands to take appropriate actions when handling non-RACM that reduces the chances of the waste becoming friable. Any non-RACM not disposed of in the C&D may be placed in dedicated asbestos cells.

6.3 Hazardous Waste

FGA is a small quantity generator of hazardous waste (less than 1,000 kg per month). Monthly hazardous waste quantities vary considerably and are somewhat dependent on the level of construction activity. Hazardous waste consists primarily of used solvents and thinners; off-spec used oil and antifreeze, and universal waste (e.g., lamps and batteries). Hazardous wastes are managed as a separate waste stream. Relatively small amounts of household hazardous waste are collected periodically and managed as hazardous wastes upon collection. In 2016, approximately 10,110 pounds of hazardous wastes were generated at FGA.

The consolidation facility for hazardous waste is managed by FGA's hazardous waste contractor. The facility is specifically designed to receive hazardous waste and provide for interim storage. Waste is collected in shop accumulation areas that are maintained by the generator in accordance with FGA's procedure for hazardous materials and waste management.

FGA's hazardous waste contractor periodically collects hazardous waste from the accumulation areas and delivers them to the storage facility, where they are staged and transported off the installation for recycling or disposal. All hazardous wastes transported off the base are manifested in accordance with EPA requirements. No hazardous waste is stored on FGA for more than 180 days nor is more than 6,000 kg stored at any time. FGA normally generates considerably less than 1,000 kg of hazardous waste a month.

6.4 Used Oil and Antifreeze

Used oil and antifreeze are generated on a regular basis in maintenance shops and the power plants at FGA. For the most part, the waste derives from servicing of heavy equipment and backup generators. There is some seasonal variation depending on the extent of construction activities during the summer months. Used oil and antifreeze are managed as a separate waste stream. In 2016 approximately 814 gallons of used oil and antifreeze were generated at FGA.

Used oil and antifreeze are managed in much the same manner as hazardous waste. They are accumulated at the points of generation and then picked up by the regulated waste contractor if not sold through the QRP. If "generator knowledge" is insufficient to characterize the used oil or antifreeze as "non-hazardous" wastes, the material is tested and characterized accordingly.

Non-hazardous antifreeze has been sold through the QRP and can be made available for reuse.

Non-hazardous used oil is utilized to heat the hazardous waste consolidation facility via a used oil burner and any excess may be sold through the QRP. Hazardous or off-spec used oil or antifreeze is managed as hazardous wastes.

6.5 Lead-based Paint Containing Wastes (LBP Waste)

LBP waste is generated during renovation/maintenance and demolition activities. LBP wastes are managed according to the origin of the waste. LBP debris originating from renovation or abatement activities at housing (including barracks) facilities are managed as either MSW or Construction and Demolition Waste in accordance with USEPA guidance (re: EPA Memorandum: Regulatory Status of Waste Generated by Contractors and Residents from Lead-based Paint Activities Conducted in Households, July 2000). LBP wastes originating from other locations and demolitions are either presumed to be hazardous wastes and managed accordingly, or tested to determine if they may be designated non-hazardous under RCRA. LPB wastes known or presumed to be hazardous are taken to the hazardous waste storage facility for subsequent transport off the installation for proper disposal.

6.6 Petroleum and Antifreeze Contaminated Soil

Contaminated soils primarily originate from the cleanup of small spills that are released to land.

Typically, spills of petroleum products (e.g. fuel, hydraulic oil, lube oil) and antifreeze generate a minimal volume of contaminated soils which is excavated at the time of the spill. Excavated soils from small spills are assumed to be contaminated and are placed at the Fort Greely Landfarm for future remedial activities. Excavated soils from larger spills or planned restoration projects are field-screened and if above threshold is met, are placed nearby the Fort Greely Landfarm in an ADEC-specified stockpile conforming to the requirements of 18 AAC

75.370. The annual quantity of contaminated soil varies with restoration and construction activities.

Before being considered for use as landfill cover material, the requirements of 18 AAC 60.025

(d) and (e) must be met for the disposal or use of any polluted soil at the landfill. Contaminated soil stockpiles will be sampled using the ADEC's Multi-Increment (MI) sampling protocol for the following contaminants as a minimum:

- Gasoline range organics (GRO)

- Diesel range organics (DRO)

- Residual range organics (RRO)

- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Additionally, the following parameters will be sampled if the Hydrocarbon Risk Calculator (HRC) is required to be run:

- Volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPH)

- Extractable petroleum hydrocarbon (EPH)

- Total organic carbon (TOC)

- Bulk density

- Specific gravity

- Grain size

- Percent solids

A request to use or dispose of polluted soil at the landfill will be submitted to ADEC every time for their review. Contaminated soils will only be used as landfill cover material upon ADEC written approval on a case by case basis.

6.7 Sewage Sludge

Prior to transfer from the waste water treatment facility, the sludge is tested for free liquids (paint filter) and the metals content using sampling for Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Potential (TCLP). In FY14, FGA performed additional analytical analyses of digested sewage sludge (e.g., pathogen density) to determine the bio-solid classification and the permissible land applications. At this time none of the sewage sludge is being used for land application but FGA may decide to seek approval in the future. The sludge has been dried and subjected to at least one freeze-thaw cycle during the time it is in the drying beds and is transferred from the treatment facility annually, in early fall. If the sludge is non-hazardous and non-liquid, it may be disposed of as MSW after approval is obtained from ADEC. If it is hazardous, it is managed as a hazardous waste. FGAENV must authorize the disposal of dried sewage sludge at the MSW landfill.

6.7.1 Methane Monitoring

FGAENV will perform and record quarterly methane monitoring at the locations identified in Attachment 5.

6.8 Inert Waste

6.8.1 Construction and Demolition Debris (C&D)

C&D waste quantities are highly variable and dependent on the level of construction activity.

During periods when demolitions are occurring the C&D quantities can increase dramatically.

C&D waste typically consists of inert materials such as lumber, metal, roofing, bricks, drywall, insulation, and concrete. During 2016 significant demolition activities occurred and approximately 4,492 tons of C&D waste was generated and disposed of due to housing demolition and renovation. Additionally, 21 tons of non-demolition C&D waste was collected for a combined total of 4,513 tons. FGA projects for the near future will continue to include some demolition activities as well as renovations related to the replacement or upgrade of residential housing units. C&D debris generators (usually contractors) are responsible for arranging for disposal to the C&D disposal area, weighing waste loads and hauling materials to the disposal area. Landfill dump cards will be obtained from FGA Environmental, reviewed and signed off by the landfill operator prior to acceptance of waste. The specifics of the contractual language will vary somewhat, but should embody the following attributes:

• Preparation and submission of a waste diversion/minimization plan that is specific to the project or activity. Among other things the plan will include: the amounts and types of C&D waste that is projected to be generated; the types and amounts of C&D waste that will be salvaged for reuse, resale or recycling.

• Submission of the final project report that provides total amount of C&D generated, the total amounts and types salvaged and amount disposed of.

Although FGA’s Qualified Recycling Program (QRP) is in the process of closing, scrap metals and other select items should be segregated for recycling. The installation is still responsible for the recycling of C&D materials whether or not there is a functioning QRP. Roll-off containers can be placed in the C&D area or at the construction site for this purpose. If unwanted trash or other materials are mixed with the load, those materials are to be removed by the generator of the waste and placed in the proper container or dumpster. C&D waste is to be segregated when possible for diversion and managed by DPW Operations. During 2016, 55 tons of C&D materials were salvaged from the waste stream and managed through the QRP for reuse/reutilization and sold to operate the program. Non-regulated ACM will be deposited in the C&D debris area. One example of non-regulated ACM would be floor tiles with mastic, gaskets and asphalt roofing materials that is unlikely to become friable. C&D materials are managed as a separate waste stream.

6.8.2 Concrete

Unless there are significant demolition activities, relatively small amounts of concrete debris are generated annually. If the concrete is "clean" and contains only small amounts of re-bar that cannot be easily removed, it is disposed of in a designated area for concrete only. The amount of concrete deposited at the landfill for FY16 was 439 tons. Waste concrete quantities in this category are tracked separately from C&D waste and are not counted as waste. Clean concrete will be ultimately be reused (crushed for use as aggregate, riprap, etc.).

6.8.3 Burn Pit

FGA's burn pit has not been used for combustion purposes since August of 2012. The ash was last tested at that time for metals content and determined to be non-hazardous and managed as MSW. The decision has been made that FGA will no longer operate the burn pit since historically only 0.5% of the generated clean wood and classified paper was combusted. Clean wood is managed as C&D and sensitive documents are shredded and disposed of accordingly by the generating facility. The reference in this document is for historical information only.

6.9 Other Wastes

6.9.1 White Goods, Appliances

Small quantities of white good wastes are generated annually. Typically, these "wastes" are turned in to the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). If managed at FGA, the white goods are treated as inert waste after removal of any refrigerants, oil, or hazardous components. A DPW certified technician inspects the “waste” and will remove any of the aforementioned components prior to disposal. The technician will document what type of material required attention, the date and type of hazardous components that were removed and then place those components for disposal with FGA’s hazardous waste contractor. The technician will report any of these activities to the solid waste manager and a record of the activity will be placed in that year’s operating record. Annual quantities of these wastes are infrequent and not individually tracked.

6.9.2 Cooking Oil

Used cooking oil from eating establishments at FGA is managed as a separate waste stream and transported off-post for reuse/recycling. In 2016, approximately 938 gallons of used cooking oil was generated.

6.9.3 Asphalt

Asphalt wastes are periodically generated during airfield construction and roadway repaving.

The asphalt is crushed and stockpiled for re-use, primarily as a base or surfacing material for roads and trails. In 2016, 1,652 tons of asphalt was stockpiled for reuse.

6.9.4 Radioactive Waste

Radioactive wastes at FGA are predominately ionizing smoke detectors. The FGA hazardous waste contractor collects these items, which are periodically shipped for recycling of the ionizing radiation source. If these are disposed of in the landfill, disposal is performed according to the requirements of 18 AAC 85.300.

6.9.5 Electronic Waste (e-waste)

All government issued electronics and computer equipment is required to be turned in and sent to DLA for recycling or reutilization. Contractors are encouraged to recycle all e-waste and not dispose of the e-waste at FGA. However, if the contractor chooses not to recycle, the e-waste has been taken to the FGA landfill in the past.

6.9.6 Defense Logistics Agency (DLA)

Materials for reuse/reutilization via DLA are managed by FGA Logistics Readiness Center (LRC). Items that do not get reutilized on the installation are shipped to DLA. The number of items shipped to DLA for FY16 was 3,637 with a combined weight of 50 tons.

6.9.7 Wag Bags

Wag Bags are a go anywhere toilet kit used by units in the training areas without toilet access.

These bags trap, encapsulates, deodorizes and neutralizes human waste by means of a powdered gelling compound that absorbs moisture. The bags will be collected in separate containers from any other waste. The landfill operator will be notified when the container is transported to the landfill so they can show where to dump and cover the load directly after dumping. This is the guideline to follow each time wag bags are brought to the landfill.

7.0 Waste Diversion, Minimization and Recycling

7.1 Waste Diversion

Executive Order 13693 and DoD Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan (SSPP) outline the Army goals for waste diversion. In 2017 the diversion rate is 50% for MSW and 50% for C&D waste. Both waste streams require increased efforts to divert recyclable materials from disposal.

Reutilization of items within the Garrison is the first option in diverting potential waste. Since March 2012, FGA has had a Qualified Recycling Program (QRP) that allows the installation (managed by the Environmental Office) to conduct direct sales of C&D and other recyclable materials that would otherwise be deposited in the landfill. This has had a significant effect on the amount of MSW and C&D waste being diverted from the landfill. The decision has been made to close the QRP in FY18 so FGA will no longer have this diversion tool. C&D diversion is still a requirement for the Garrison with or without a functioning QRP.

7.2 Waste Minimization

To date, FGA has had limited success in waste minimization efforts. Some effort has been directed towards general awareness and education. For the most part, these efforts have been marginal and have not resulted in substantive reductions in waste quantities. General efforts to promote waste minimization will continue, however, they are not expected to yield results comparable to those that were achieved through past recycling efforts and C&D waste diversion strategies.

7.3 Recycling

FGA will no longer be operating a recycling program. For the next 12 months, all materials on hand will be sold and no new materials will be accepted. While this affects the recycling program as relates to the QRP, some materials are still required to be recycled by the installation such as cardboard on the MSW side and most C&D materials. High grade office paper is specifically mentioned as well, but has never been a large enough quantity on its own and has always been rolled into the mixed paper category. Aluminum cans are considered MSW but is an item that generates income when sold as scrap so would recommend to continue accepting those cans for recycling. Specially labeled dumpsters have been located around the installation for cardboard and aluminum cans; individual requests must be made to DPW Operations if C&D dumpsters are needed. The best answer to recycling in Alaska would be a regional concept for all installations to best reduce costs and better manage materials but this concept is not being considered at this time.

7.4 Compost Operations

In the first quarter of 2014, indoor composting activities began using a composting vessel that has the capability of producing compost year round without freezing. The vessel is located in building 643. Since the recycle center operations have ceased at the end of 2016, the composting is no longer being accomplished. This is actually an installation requirement regardless of a functioning QRP and recommend it be taken up by the appropriate entity for implementation. The collection of “green” compost materials from the Commissary, Dining Facility and the Community Activity Center (CAC) are raw materials used for the mix.

The green compost materials consist of fruit and vegetable trimmings, spoiled and freezer burned produce, peelings, dry goods, coffee grounds and filters. Sawdust and wood chips are considered “brown” materials and are the other main components in the compost that is mixed in at a 3:1 ratio; three parts wood waste to one part green materials. The brown materials allow the compost to breakdown more readily and creates the heat that compost requires in order to “cook”, resulting in a finished product. The finished compost has been used at the post nursery for soil enhancement and can be used in a variety of landscaping needs. Compost operations

TBD.

7.5 Construction and Demolition Wastes

Only the quantities that are disposed of at the C&D disposal area are recorded as waste. Many types of materials have been collected and diverted through the installation’s QRP although that will not be a viable option going forward. Virtually all C&D waste generated at FGA derives from contractor activities associated with construction. Installations are required to divert and recycle as much C&D waste as possible and can be accomplished regardless whether the installation has a working QRP.

8.0 MSW, Asbestos, Inert Waste Capacities and Expansion Areas Figure 2 shows the general location of existing and proposed disposal facilities at FGA.

8.1 Current Capacities

8.1.1 MSW

MSW capacity (below and above grade) for the current landfill area (Unit 2 – see Figure 3) is estimated at 16,300 tons assuming an in-place MSW density of 600 lb./cy and a cover to MSW ratio of 1:1 (note: more cover material than required has been historically used). The dimensions of the working cell in unit two are: Depth – 25’ below grade, Length – 410’, Width

– 97’ to the West and 129’ to the East. The west side is narrower to combat erosion and so has been benched in to shore it up. The remaining capacity in Unit 2 is estimated at 3,000-5,000 tons. At the current generation rate (1.5 tons per day), the below ground level capacity in Unit 2 will be reached in approximately 2-3 years then the unit will be filled above grade as approved by ADEC and that will extend unit 2’s lifespan for an additional 2-3 years. This estimate includes above-grade deposits of MSW covering the closed asbestos cell area in unit 2. Better management of cover material quantities and compaction have been discussed to increase capacity. When Unit 2 is full to capacity a notification will be sent to ADEC along with closure and post-closure plans for Department approval. When needed, a cell in Unit 3 will be excavated and placed into service for MSW. For planning purposes, future excavation of the cell should have the same dimensions of the cell currently in use, with the approximate below and above grade capacity of 16,300 tons.

8.1.2 Inert Waste (C&D)

The current C&D disposal area at the Class II landfill has received approximately 18,614 tons of waste. This represents approximately 85% of the area’s capacity with no below grade fill. As the working area of the unit is narrowing, it is estimated that an additional 220 tons could be added to the area before closure would become necessary. The total estimated for the C&D cell would be 18,834 tons. Only smaller quantities of waste are deposited at this site as all large loads of construction debris are taken to the separately permitted inert waste monocell.

8.1.3 Regulated Asbestos Containing Material (RACM)

The current asbestos mono-cells in Unit 3 has received approximately 2223 cy3 of RACM combined between the north and south cells. This represents approximately 40% of Unit 3’s capacity for asbestos. The only operating cell in Unit 3 is the south cell that has received 590 cy3 of RACM to date. The north cell in Unit 3 reached its capacity in August 2015 with 1,633 cy3 of RACM and has been placed in an interim closure status. The north cell’s depth was excavated to 12 feet where the depth of the south cell is at 18 feet so the overall capacity for the south cell will be greater than the north cell. Unit 2 reached its capacity of 2,345 cy3 in June 2012 and has been placed in an interim closure status. As with C&D, RACM quantities cannot be accurately forecast.

8.2 Expansion Areas

8.2.1 MSW

The expansion area depicted as “Unit 3” in Figure 2 will not be required until about 2022.

8.2.2 C&D

The current C&D disposal area in the Class II landfill has capacity through 2019 for smaller amounts of C&D waste. The separately permitted inert waste monofill disposal area will accommodate all other demolition debris including waste resulting from Residential Communities Initiative (RCI) replacement of old housing units and the remodeling of existing units. The housing projects began in 2011 and have continued through FY17 albeit to a lesser degree than previous years. Information regarding planned demolition or remodels for FY18 and beyond is not known at this time.

The area shown in Figure 4 is excavated to an average depth of 15 feet and has approximately 94,000 cy3 of below-grade capacity. Additional, above grade capacity of approximately 70,000 cy3 (assuming a height of approximately 10 feet) could be utilized if necessary.

8.2.3 Salvage Yard / Sprung Structure

The purpose of the salvage yard was for the receiving of reusable construction materials, building components, fixtures and other durable materials that would otherwise be disposed of as C&D waste. Since the sprung structure was erected in 2013 to act as a covered storage area for recyclables it is located next to bldg. 643 where recycling operations were run. The salvage yard has been good for the storage of large, heavy items that retain their viability stored outside.

Since FGA will no longer be running a QRP, once the materials in the structure are sold or landfilled, it may be used for other purposes. No new materials are being accepted for recycling and all inventory is in the process of being sold. Once all materials are sold the QRP will be completely closed out.

8.2.4 RACM

FGA will be utilizing the above-grade MSW capacity in Unit 2; the asbestos cell in Unit 2 has met capacity and has undergone interim closure consisting of the placement of a cover of 24 inches of clean fill and survey markers delineating the boundaries of the cell. ADEC has given approval to place MSW fill over the RACM deposits in Unit 2. Final closure of the asbestos cell will occur when all of Unit 2 is closed.

Additional asbestos mono-cells have been established in the Unit 3 expansion area shown in Figure 2 after the cell in Unit 2 reached capacity. The north cell has dimensions of approximately 350 feet (length), 36 feet (width) and 12 feet (depth). The south cell dimensions are 420 feet (length), 32 feet (width) and 18 feet (depth). The cells will have an effective RACM capacity of approximately 5,444 cy3 combined, assuming a RACM to cover ratio of 1:1, although more cover material is typically used. The north cell in Unit 3 reached its capacity in August 2015 and has been placed in interim closure status with 1,633 cy3 of RACM deposited. The north cell was not excavated to the same depth as Unit 3 and so the capacity was one third less and the total adjusted. The Unit 3 asbestos cell is fenced with appropriate signage and controlled access, as is the closed cell in Unit 2.

As with C&D wastes, RCI and MDA housing demolitions generated considerable quantities of RACM wastes. The remaining asbestos cell in Unit 3 has adequate capacity to accommodate these RACM wastes.

9.0 Landfill Operations

9.1 Waste Separation, Collection and Delivery

DPW Operations will locate dumpsters for mixed waste and recyclable materials at or near the points of waste generation. Either the dumpsters will be picked up individually and delivered to the landfill or compaction trucks can consolidate the loads. DPW Operations will operate the MSW landfill and prohibit unaccompanied access. The landfill will be fenced and include signage restricting access. The signage will include:

Facility Operator Identification

Operator/Owner Name

Facility Type and Use

Emergency Phone Numbers

Prohibited wastes

DPW Operations maintains and operates the MSW landfill area to minimize/eliminate: fugitive dust and wind-blown trash; scavenging; and access by animals or pests. Fugitive dust is managed by watering the roadways to, from, and around the landfill complex. Watering is not necessary in winter months. Windblown trash is policed regularly when brought to the attention of the Operations manager while performing monthly inspections. All waste is covered the day of delivery and all gates are kept locked when an operator is not present to prevent scavenging and access by animals or pests.

DPW Operations will ensure that only the following wastes are disposed of at the landfill:

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): Waste from mixed waste dumpsters and other general solid waste consisting of plastics, paper, garbage, glass, ceramics, metal, rubber, household waste, non-hazardous commercial solid wastes. Waste will be placed in cells via compaction truck or dumpster backed up to the working face of the cell. Specific to the MSW cell, the cover material of the active MSW placement pit will have a compound grade of mild slope to a designated accumulation area at the south end of the cell. The cell will be graded in such a manner that any water in the pit will be directed to the south wall, roughly midway extending to the west end of the pit. That section will be shallowly trenched, approximately 12” deep and lined with rubber membrane material to keep seepage of water from draining through any waste already buried in that area. The rubber will only be necessary initially, until waste is deposited in that area and the next lift is constructed. This section will continue to be trenched and graded so water is pushed to the south wall until we meet grade. Swales are placed at the east and west entrance to mitigate spring water run-on. The bottom of each cell will be graded to one end and then waste placed across the cell from the high end to the low end (E to W) to reduce infiltration of water through the waste. After placement, the waste is then spread, compacted and covered with at least six inches of cover material on the day of placement. Solid waste will be disposed of at the working face of the landfills. The working face will be kept as small as practical, and be limited to 7 feet in height and 50 feet in width.

Dried Sewage Sludge: Only sewage sludge that has been approved for disposal by FGAENV will be disposed of as MSW. Dried sewage sludge may be handled as a landfill deposit once sampling has been completed and the deposit approved by ADEC.

Regulated Asbestos Containing Materials (RACM): RACM will be placed in dedicated asbestos cells and covered with at least six inches of cover material directly after placement.

The DPW Operations landfill operator will provide FGAENV with copies of ACM shipment reports on a monthly basis. The shipment reports will be annotated to indicate where in the cell the RACM waste was placed. The dedicated asbestos cell must be clearly delineated with signage identifying the area and the hazards (i.e: "Danger: Asbestos Disposal Area, Do Not Disturb"). FGAENV will maintain a diagram of the ACM cell(s) depicting the location, amount and dates of ACM waste placement.

If RACM waste cannot be placed in a dedicated cell and adequately covered due to severe weather conditions, the RACM waste may be temporarily stored in a secured dumpster or other closed container until disposal in a dedicated cell is feasible. The RACM container must be labeled indicating its contents and located in a secure area with restricted access. Currently, all stored RACM is held in FGA’s hazardous waste contractor’s fenced yard until it can be properly buried in a RACM cell. DPW Operations will ensure that any temporarily stored RACM waste is disposed of in a dedicated asbestos cell as soon as weather conditions permit.

Lead-Based Paint Debris: Debris (i.e., greater that 60mm (2.4 inches) in its largest dimension) such as window frames, doors, molding, etc. that has been coated with lead-based paint. Prior to disposing of any lead-based paint debris in the landfill, the FGAENV must be contacted to determine if the material can be disposed of at FGA. Only lead-based paint debris that originated from a "residential" facility (not including demolition) may be disposed of in the MSW or C&D disposal areas.

9.2 Construction and Demolition Debris Disposal Areas

(1) DPW Operations will operate the C&D disposal areas and prohibit unaccompanied access.

The areas will be delineated and include signage restricting access and acceptable waste deliveries. All activities generating C&D waste for direct delivery to the landfill are responsible for arranging with DPW Operations and FGAENV for the valid authorization to do so.

FGAENV will issue a landfill dump card for authorization to use the landfill. Both Environmental and the landfill operator will sign off on the card and the driver of the load will present the card to the operator before dumping.