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Fort Gordon BASOPS Technical Exhibit F-011 - Shrubs Types & Sizes
SHRUBS IDENTIFIER
LARGE TREES
| COMMON NAME |
| SPECIES |
| SIZE |
| CHARASTERISTICS |
| COMMENTS |
| Bottlebrush Buckeye |
| Aesculus parviflora |
| 8 to 12 feet tall with a spread of 8 to 15 feet |
| Bottlebrush Buckeye is a graceful, deciduous shrub. Leaves are palmate with five to seven leaflets. Many small, white flowers are borne in May and June on upright, cylindrical inflorescences, 8 to 12 inches long. They give the appearance of white "bottlebrushes" hovering above the plant. Fall color typically is yellow under the right environmental conditions. Fruit are capsules approximately 1.5 inches long. As plants age, new plants arise from the roots and the plants spread outward. |
Seeds are valued by wildlife, particularly squirrels, chipmunks, deer and turkeys
| Red Buckeye |
| Aesculus pavia |
| 12 to 15 feet tall and 8 to 10 feet wide |
Red Buckeye is a clump-forming, roundtopped, deciduous flowering shrub or small tree. The lustrous, dark green, palmate leaves have five leaflets. Scarlet flowers are borne in panicles 4 to 8 inches long and 2 to 3 inches wide in March and April. Fruit are capsules approximately 2 inches long, bearing one or two lustrous brown seeds.
Supports hummingbird spring migration. There are selections of this plant, but they are not readily available.
| Painted Buckeye |
| Aesculus sylvatica |
| 6 to 20 feet tall |
Painted Buckeye is a large shrub or small tree. The leaves emerge early, in March, and vary from green to reddish-purple. Leaves are palmate, with five leaflets, each 4 to 6 inches long. The flowers (male and bisexual) occur together in 4- to 8-inch panicles in March and May. Flower color is extremely variable and ranges from yellow-green to creamy yellow or varying shades of pink. The smooth, leathery capsule contains one to three shiny, dark-brown seeds. Fruit set is normally minimal.
Hummingbirds use Painted Buckeye heavily as they move north during spring migration.
| Fetterbush or Pipestem |
| Agarista populifolia |
| 6 to 15 feet tall and 5 to 8 feet wide |
Fetterbush is a tall, multi-stemmed evergreen shrub with arching branches and bright green leaves. Flowers are small, fragrant, cream-colored, and urn-shaped, appearing in May and June. They are clustered in loose racemes arising from the leaf axils of the previous season’s growth. Fruit is a dry brown capsule.
This plant was once known as Florida Leucothoe (Leucothoe populifolia).
| Devil’s Walkingstick |
| Aralia spinosa |
| 10 to 15 feet tall with a spread of 6 to 10 feet |
Devil’s Walkingstick is a deciduous, tall, erect, single-stemmed shrub. Leaves are alternate, bipinnately compound, and 3 to 4 feet long. Stems are thorny. White flowers in July and August are arranged in terminal panicles and give the plant a lacy appearance. It seldom branches but forms colonies from root suckers. Fruits turn pinkish-purple and are showy for several months in late summer and fall. Fall leaf color is variable, from yellow to maroon or purple.
Suckers arising from the roots can be a maintenance problem if roots are disturbed. Fruit are a favorite food for migrating birds in fall.
| Groundsel Bush |
| Baccharis halimifolia |
| 8 to 12 feet tall with a spread of 6 to 10 feet |
Groundsel Bush is an evergreen to semi-evergreen flowering shrub. It spreads via suckers arising from the roots. It has an irregular oval form with upright branching. Flowers are indistinct, but seeds look like tiny white paint brushes and are quite showy in late summer.
Seeds have traveled north on car tires. It can be invasive.
| American Beautyberry |
| Callicarpa americana |
| 4 to 8 feet tall with a spread of 4 to 6 feet |
American Beautyberry is a deciduous shrub with coarse texture and medium to fast growth rate. It has an irregular, spreading, loosely branched, upright growth habit. Light pink to lavender flowers borne from June to August are not showy, but the intense color of the purple fruit clustered around the stems in fall makes a dramatic display.
| Sweetshrub |
| Calycanthus floridus |
| 8 to 10 feet tall with a spread of 4 to 6 feet |
Sweetshrub is a deciduous, flowering shrub with medium texture, medium growth rate and an upright oval to mounding form. It tends to form colonies by spreading outward from the mother plant. Foliage is aromatic when crushed. Flowers, borne in April and May, are highly fragrant, with a clove-like aroma. Fall color is yellow.
A yellow-flowered cultivar is available in the nursery trade.
| Button Bush |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis |
| 15 to 20 feet tall with a spread of 10 to 15 feet |
Button Bush is a deciduous, flowering shrub with medium texture and a medium growth rate. It has an open, rounded form with spreading branches. The flowers are round, 1 to 2 inches in diameter, and are fragrant. The flowers look like creamy-white balls covered with fiber optic tubes. They appear from June to August. Fruit are hard, round, reddish-brown capsules containing two to four nutlets. This is an unusual-looking plant in flower and fruit.
| Summersweet Clethra, Sweet Pepperbush |
| Clethra alnifolia |
| 6 to 10 feet tall with a spread of 3 to 5 feet |
Summersweet Clethra is a deciduous, colony-forming shrub. Leaves are alternate, oblong, 2 to 4 inches long and 1 to 2 inches wide, and sharply serrated along the margins. Flowers are fragrant, white to whitish-pink, and are borne in erect terminal clusters from late June through August. Fruit are small, brown capsules.
Attracts butterflies. Several cultivars are available.
| Black Titi, Buckwheat Tree |
| Cliftonia monophylla |
| 15 to 20 feet tall with a spread of 8 to 12 feet |
| Black Titi, or Buckwheat Tree, is an evergreen, multi-stemmed, flowering shrub or small tree with medium-fine texture and a medium-slow growth rate. Its form is oval to round. Leaves are leathery, thick and glossy, dark green above and a pale, chalky green below. The bark is dark and scaly. Fragrant white to whitish-pink flowers are borne in early March in terminal clusters 3 inches long. Fruit is a winged, corky drupe, closely resembling buckwheat. The foliage turns reddish-scarlet in winter. |
| Flowers are an important nectar source for honey bees. |
| Red Basil, Scarlet Calamint |
| Clinopodium coccinea (Syn. Satureja coccinea) |
| Up to 2½ feet high with a spread of 2 feet |
| Red Basil is a small, semi-evergreen shrub with aromatic leaves. Flowers are tubular, brilliant scarlet, and are borne from late summer into fall. It is a striking plant in bloom. Habit is loose, open and erect. |
| Deer shun Red Basil’s aromatic foliage. Hummingbirds love its flowers. |
| Georgia Basil |
| Clinopodium georgianum (Syn. Satureja georgiana) |
| Up to 2 feet tall and the same width |
| Georgia Basil is a low, loosely sprawling, freely branched, semi-evergreen shrub. The leaves are opposite and aromatic. Tubular pink to lavender flowers are borne from August to October. |
| It tends to naturalize in situations that suit it, and it reseeds prolifically. It can easily be pruned back to about half its size. Deer shun its aromatic foliage. |
| Littlehip Hawthorn |
| Crataegus spathulata |
| 15 to 20 feet tall by 10 to 12 feet wide |
| Littlehip Hawthorn is a large shrub or small, deciduous tree. White flowers in a flat cluster emerge from the leaf axils in spring. Individual fruit are 0.5 inches in size, dull red, and borne in showy clusters. Bark exfoliates with age, exposing an orange-gray-brown inner bark. |
| A good wildlife plant, especially for birds. |
| Red Titi, Swamp Cyrilla |
| Cyrilla racemiflora |
| 10 to 25 feet tall with a spread of 10 to 20 feet |
| Red Titi is a large shrub or small tree with medium texture and medium growth rate. Form is rounded and low-branching. Foliage is medium-green. It is evergreen in south Georgia and deciduous in northern Georgia. Fall color ranges from orange to scarlet. Fragrant white flowers are borne in summer on slender 3- to 6-inch long spikes. They are arranged in a drooping whorl at the base of the current season's growth. Twigs and young stems are angled and slightly winged. |
| Attractive to bees |
| Strawberry-Bush |
| Euonymus americanus |
| 3 to 5 feet tall with a spread of 2 to 3 feet |
| Strawberry-Bush is a deciduous shrub having medium texture and medium growth rate. Form is upright with irregular branching. Stems are green. Flowers, borne in May and June, are green and indistinct. Fruit is a warty, dark pink capsule about one inch wide, splitting to reveal scarlet-colored seeds in September and October. It is also commonly called “Hearts-a-Bustin” to describe the colorful, heart-shaped fruit that appears to be exploding from the capsule. |
| Provides food for variety of wildlife. |
| Dwarf Fothergilla |
| Fothergilla gardenii |
| 2 to 3 feet tall with a spread of 2 to 3 feet |
| Dwarf Fothergilla is a deciduous flowering shrub with medium-coarse texture, slow growth rate and rounded to spreading habit. White, honey-scented flowers appear in April before the foliage. Blue-green, pest-free foliage turns brilliant orange-scarlet in fall. |
| Several cultivars are available. |
| Common Witchhazel |
| Hamamelis virginiana |
| 20 to 30 feet tall and 20 to 25 feet wide |
| Common Witchhazel is a deciduous shrub or small tree with medium texture and a medium growth rate. Yellow, fragrant flowers are borne in November and have four strap-shaped petals. Fruit are capsules having four sharp-curved points on their ends. Seeds are not released until 12 months after flowering. Fall color is usually bright yellow. Stems are smooth gray to grayish-brown. |
| Oakleaf Hydrangea |
| Hydrangea quercifolia |
| 6 to 8 feet tall with a spread of 6 to 8 feet |
| Oakleaf Hydrangea is a deciduous flowering shrub with coarse texture and a medium to fast growth rate. Its form is round with many upright branches. Large, fragrant, white, terminal flower clusters (panicles) up to 12 inches in length are borne in May and June on the previous season’s growth. Flowers fade to pinkish-white, then light brown. Fall color is excellent and varies from red to purple. Bark on older plants exfoliates. The plant is stoloniferous and spreads outward over time |
| Several cultivars are available |
| Gallberry or Inkberry |
| Ilex glabra |
| 6 to 8 feet tall with a spread of 4 to 6 feet |
| Gallberry, or Inkberry, is a broadleaf evergreen shrub with medium-fine texture, medium growth rate and an upright-oval form. It spreads by stolons that root at their nodes and form new shoots. Flowers are small and indistinct. Fruit are dark berries, appearing in fall. |
| Gallberry is an excellent source of nectar for both native and honey bees. Its abundant fruit is an important food for wildlife. Many cultivars are available. |
| Winterberry |
| Ilex verticillata |
| 8 to 10 feet tall with a spread of 4 to 5 feet |
| Winterberry is a deciduous shrub prized for its colorful red berries. Flowers are borne on short stalks arising at the leaf axils in April and May. Female and male flowers are borne on separate plants, so both sexes are required to form berries on female plants. Bark is gray and attractive. |
| There are many cultivars in the trade. It provides an excellent food source for wildlife |
| Florida Anise-Tree |
| Illicium floridanum |
| 9 to 12 feet tall with a spread of 3 to 5 feet |
| Florida Anise-Tree is a broadleaf, evergreen shrub. It has a variable habit, generally upright and compact, with many branches. Leaves are elliptical, 4 to 6 inches long and 1 to 2 inches wide. Flowers appear in April and May and are dark red with 20 to 30 petals. Foliage is aromatic when crushed. Fruit are one to 1.5 inches wide and star-like in appearance. Young fruit are green, fade to yellow, then to brown. They contain shiny, BB-like brown seeds. |
| Several cultivars are available |
| Small Anise-Tree or Yellow Anise-Tree |
| Illicium parviflorum |
| 8 to 15 feet tall with a spread of 6 to 10 feet |
| Small Anise-Tree is a large evergreen shrub or small tree with medium texture and a medium-fast growth rate. Form is upright and pyramidal. The rich, light green aromatic foliage has a pungent scent when crushed. Yellow-green flowers, 0.5-inches wide, are borne in June and are often hidden among the foliage. Fruit are star-shaped with many points. |
| This is one of the most rugged of all the Illicium species, according to Michael Dirr |
| Virginia Sweetspire |
| Itea virginica |
| 4 to 6 feet tall with a spread of 4 to 8 feet |
| Virginia Sweetspire, a deciduous, flowering shrub with medium texture and medium growth rate, has a spreading habit with erect, clustered branches. White, fragrant, spike-like flowers are borne in April and May on the previous year’s growth. Fall color is spectacular crimson-red. |
| Many cultivars are available |
| Mountain Laurel |
| Kalmia latifolia |
| 15 to 20 feet tall with a spread of 8 to 10 feet |
| Mountain Laurel is an evergreen flowering shrub having a medium texture and a slow growth rate. More upright when young, mature specimens have a picturesque, broad-spreading form with irregular branches. Delicate white- to rose-colored, cup-shaped blooms with purple markings on the petals appear in April. The flowers are one inch across and borne in terminal clusters. Bark on old plants is smooth and red-brown. |
| Numerous cultivars are available in the nursery trade. Foliage is poisonous |
