NIST Suborder and Policy.pdf

Section 01 77 00 Page 1 of 1 January 21, 2020

NIST SUBORDERS, POLICIES AND NOTICES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NIST P7400.00 – Fire and Life Safety NIST S7101.56 Control of Hazardous Energy LOTO NIST N7101.64 - Electrical Safety Notice NIST S7401.01 Fire Protection Life Safety for Design and Construction NIST S7401.02 Inspection Testing and Maintenance of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems NIST S7401.03 Impairment of Fire Protection and Life Safety Systems NIST S7401.04 Fire Prevention During Welding Cutting and Other Hot Work PR 2103.06 Utility Outages

Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 1

Control of Hazardous Energy 3

(Lockout/Tagout) 4

NIST S 7101.56 7

Approval Date: 03/14/2018 8

Effective Date:1 TBD 9

1. PURPOSE 12

This suborder establishes the safety requirements necessary to protect NIST employees and 13 covered associates from exposure to hazardous energy during the servicing or maintenance of 14 machines or equipment (hereafter referred to as “equipment”), and the organizational roles and 15 responsibilities for ensuring that those requirements are met. 16

2. BACKGROUND 19

a. NIST must meet or exceed the requirements established by Occupational Safety and Health 20

Administration in 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.147, The Control of 21 Hazardous Energy. Implementation of this suborder fulfills those requirements. 22

b. Work involving exposure2 to electrical hazards (e.g. shock, arc flash) from work on, near, or 24 with conductors or equipment in electric-utilization installations, NIST must meet or exceed 25 the requirements established by OSHA in 29 CFR 1910.333, Selection and Use of Work 26 Practices. Implementation of this suborder and NIST Suborder (S) 7101.64, Electrical Safety 27 fulfills those requirements. 28

c. This suborder supersedes NIST Health and Safety Instruction (HSI) 21, Control of 30

Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout), June 1994. 31

1 For revision history, see Appendix A.

2 Exposed (as applied to energized electrical conductors or circuit parts) – Capable of being inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance by a person. It is applied to electrical conductors or circuit parts that are not suitably guarded, isolated, or insulated.

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NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 2

3. APPLICABILITY 35

a. The provisions of this suborder apply to equipment servicing and maintenance activities, 36 conducted by NIST employees, covered associates, and non-Research-and-Development 37 (non-R&D) contractors that could harm NIST workers if the equipment being serviced or 38 maintained were to unexpectedly energize, start up, or release stored energy. 39

b. When servicing or maintenance activities are conducted exclusively by non-R&D 41 contractors, Organizational Units (OUs) need only follow Section 6g and meet the Affected-42 Worker training requirements in Section 6j. 43

c. Applicability to Normal Production Operations. 45

(1) The provisions of this suborder apply to servicing and maintenance that takes place 47 during normal production operations only when: 48

(a) A NIST employee or covered associate is required to remove or bypass a guard or 50 other safety device; or 51

(b) A NIST employee or covered associate is required to place any part of his/her body 53 into an area on a machine or piece of equipment where work is actually performed 54 upon the material being processed (point of operation) or where an associated danger 55 zone exists during an equipment operating cycle. 56

(2) The provisions of this suborder do not apply to minor tool changes and adjustments and 58 other minor servicing activities that take place during normal production operations if 59 these activities are routine, repetitive, and integral to the use of the equipment for 60 production, provided that the work is performed using alternative measures, such as 61 machine guarding, that provide effective protection. 62

d. For work involving exposure to electrical hazards (e.g. shock, arc flash) from work on, near, 64 or with conductors or equipment in electric-utilization installations, the electrical LOTO 65 requirements of NIST N 7101.64, Electrical Safety, not the LOTO requirements of this 66 suborder, apply. 67

e. Where the work to be performed only involves the operation of circuit breakers or service 69 disconnects to perform LOTO and the tasks involved do not result in exposing any electrical 70 or electro-mechanical circuits, components, or parts, the LOTO requirements of this 71 suborder, not the electrical LOTO requirements of NIST N 7101.64, Electrical Safety, apply, 72 but those performing the task of operating circuit breakers or service disconnects shall be 73 https://oshe.nist.gov/apps/docs/programs/Documents/NIST%20N%207101-64_Electrical%20Safety%20Notice_102615.docx https://oshe.nist.gov/apps/docs/programs/Documents/NIST%20N%207101-64_Electrical%20Safety%20Notice_102615.docx

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 3 trained and qualified to perform those tasks in accordance with the requirements of NIST N 74 7101.64, Electrical Safety. 75

f. Exclusions. The provisions of this suborder do NOT apply to: 77

(1) The act of taking equipment out of service provided no hazards to personnel exist. 79

(2) Work on cord- and plug-connected electrical equipment that meets ALL of the following 81 conditions: 82

(a) The equipment has a single energy source; 84

(b) All hazardous energy to which workers could be exposed can be controlled by 86 unplugging the equipment; and 87

(c) The plug is under exclusive control of the worker servicing or maintaining the 89 equipment. 90

(3) Hot-tap operations involving transmission and distribution systems for substances such as 92 gas, steam, water, or petroleum products are performed on pressurized pipelines, 93 provided that it can be demonstrated that: 94

(a) Continuity of service is essential; 96

(b) Shutdown of the system is impractical; 98

(c) Special equipment (e.g., bolted blinds and blank flanges) is used which will provide 100 proven effective protection for NIST employees and covered associates; and 101

(d) Documented procedures are followed. 103

4. REFERENCES 106

a. 29 CFR 1910.147, The Control of Hazardous Energy (lockout/tagout). 107

b. 29 CFR 1910.333, Selection and Use of Work Practices. 109

c. ANSI Z535.5, Safety Tags and Barricade Tapes (for Temporary Hazards) (most recent 111 version). 112 https://oshe.nist.gov/apps/docs/programs/Documents/NIST%20N%207101-64_Electrical%20Safety%20Notice_102615.docx https://oshe.nist.gov/apps/docs/programs/Documents/NIST%20N%207101-64_Electrical%20Safety%20Notice_102615.docx https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=9804&p_table=STANDARDS https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9910

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 4

d. NIST O 7101.00, Occupational Safety and Health Management System 114

5. APPLICABLE NIST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBORDERS 117

a. NIST S 7101.20: Work and Worker Authorization Based on Hazard Reviews 118

b. NIST S 7101.64, Electrical Safety 120

6. REQUIREMENTS 123

a. General Requirements 124

(1) OUs shall establish energy-control procedures, worker training, and annual inspections 126 prior to conducting servicing or maintenance on equipment where the unexpected 127 energizing, startup, or release of stored energy could occur and cause injury. 128

(2) LOTO locks and tags are not to be used for equipment removed from service when that 130 equipment presents no hazards to personnel. 131

(3) Tagout without Lockout 133

(a) If an energy-isolating device is not capable of being locked out by any means, a 135 tagout system shall be used. 136

(b) If an energy-isolating device is capable of being locked out, lockout shall be used 138 unless it can be demonstrated that the utilization of a tagout system will provide 139 employees and covered associates with full protection, which requires that ALL of 140 the following be met: 141

i. The tagout device shall be attached at the same location that the lockout 143 device would have been attached. 144

ii. Full compliance with all tagout-related provisions of this suborder shall be 146 demonstrated. 147

iii. Such additional elements as are necessary to provide the equivalent safety 149 available from the use of a lockout device shall be demonstrated. Additional 150 means to be considered shall include the implementation of additional safety 151 measures such as removal of an isolating circuit element, blocking of a 152 https://oshe.nist.gov/apps/docs/programs/Documents/NIST%20O%207101-00%20-%20Occupational%20Safety%20and%20Health%20Order_020216.docx https://oshe.nist.gov/apps/docs/programs/Documents/NIST%20N%207101-64_Electrical%20Safety%20Notice_102615.docx

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 5 controlling switch, opening of an extra disconnecting device, or removal of a 153 valve handle to reduce the likelihood of inadvertent energization. 154

(c) Whenever replacement or major repair, renovation, or modification of equipment is 156 performed, and whenever new equipment is installed, energy-isolating devices for 157 such equipment shall be designed to accept a lockout device whenever the unexpected 158 energization or startup of the equipment, or release of stored energy, could cause 159 injury to workers. 160

b. Requirements for Written LOTO Procedures 162

(1) Written LOTO procedures are required unless ALL of the following circumstances 164 pertain: 165

(a) The equipment has no potential for stored or residual energy or re-accumulation of 167 stored energy after shut down which could endanger workers; 168

(b) The equipment has a single energy source which can be readily identified and 170 isolated; 171

(c) The isolation and locking out of that energy source will completely de-energize and 173 deactivate the equipment; 174

(d) The equipment is isolated from that energy source and locked out during servicing or 176 maintenance; 177

(e) A single lockout device will achieve a locked-out condition; 179

(f) The lockout device is under the exclusive control of the Authorized Worker 181 performing the servicing or maintenance; 182

(g) The servicing or maintenance does not create hazards for Other Workers; and 184

(h) The OU, in utilizing this exception, has had no accidents involving the unexpected 186 activation or re-energization of the equipment during servicing or maintenance. 187

(2) If a written procedure is required, the Authorized Worker shall: 189

(a) Use NIST’s online energy-control procedure application to develop an equipment-191 specific LOTO procedure; or 192

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 6

(b) If not using NIST’s online energy-control procedure application, ensure that the 193 procedure clearly and specifically outlines the scope, purpose, authorization, rules, 194 and techniques to be utilized for the control of hazardous energy, and the means to 195 enforce compliance, including, but not limited to, the following: 196

i. A specific statement of the intended use of the procedure; 198

ii. Specific procedural steps for shutting down, isolating, blocking, and securing 200 the equipment to control hazardous energy; 201

iii. Specific procedural steps for the placement, removal, and transfer of LOTO 203 devices and the responsibility for them; and 204

iv. Specific requirements for testing the equipment to determine and verify the 206 effectiveness of LOTO devices and other energy-control measures. 207

c. Conduct of LOTO 209

(1) Each OU shall establish a procedure for tracking the application of LOTO locks and tags 210 when equipment is required to be taken out of service for 24 hours or more and LOTO 211 devices are applied. The information shall be readily available for auditing purposes and 212 contain at a minimum the following information: 213

(a) Tag number (if applicable); 215

(b) Name of employee applying the LOTO device and tag; 217

(c) Date and time LOTO devices and tags are applied; 219

(d) Location and equipment being locked and tagged, including where the LOTO devices 221 are applied; and 222

(e) Date LOTO devices are removed. 224

(2) LOTO shall be performed only by trained Authorized Workers in the following sequence. 226

(a) Notifications shall be initiated prior to LOTO to ensure area supervisors and affected 228 personnel are aware of the energy source being locked out or controlled. This 229 notification should also include the anticipated duration of the shutdown. Authorized 230 Workers will also advise on any support equipment that may be impacted, additional 231 safety precautions being taken, and the type of control device(s) being used. 232

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 7

(b) Preparations for the shutdown shall begin after all notifications have been made. 233 Authorized Workers must be fully aware of the type and magnitude of the energy, 234 associated hazards, and control methods of the energy involved. Authorized Workers 235 shall refer to owner/service manuals of the equipment they are working on to ensure 236 they are fully aware of any and all associated hazards. 237

(c) In performing the shutdown, Authorized Workers shall first advise Affected Workers 239 that shutdown is taking place. They shall then locate the energy source(s) (always 240 looking for hidden energy sources) and follow the procedures established to shut 241 down the equipment as prescribed. An orderly shutdown must be utilized to avoid any 242 additional or increased hazard(s) to workers as a result of the equipment stoppage. 243

(d) All energy-isolating devices that are needed to control the energy to the equipment 245 shall be physically located and operated by an Authorized Worker in such a manner 246 as to isolate the equipment from the energy source(s). 247

(e) LOTO devices shall be affixed to energy-isolating devices by Authorized Workers. 249

i. Lockout devices, where used in accordance with this suborder, shall be 251 affixed in a manner that will hold the energy-isolating devices in a "safe" or 252 "off" position. 253

ii. A lock and a tag shall be placed on each disconnecting means used to de-255 energize equipment on which work is to be performed. The lock shall be 256 attached so as to prevent persons from operating the disconnecting means 257 unless they resort to undue force or the use of tools. 258

iii. Tagout devices, where used in accordance with this suborder, shall be affixed 260 in such a manner as will clearly indicate that the operation or movement of 261 energy-isolating devices from the "safe" or "off" position is prohibited. Where 262 tagout devices are used with energy-isolating devices designed with the 263 capability of being locked, the tag attachment shall be fastened at the same 264 point at which the lock would have been attached. Where a tag cannot be 265 affixed directly to the energy-isolating device, the tag shall be located as close 266 as safely possible to the device, in a position that will be immediately obvious 267 to anyone attempting to operate the device. 268

(f) After LOTO devices have been applied to energy-isolating devices, all potentially 270 hazardous stored or residual energy shall be relieved, disconnected, restrained, or 271 otherwise rendered safe. If there is a possibility of re-accumulation of stored energy 272

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 8 to a hazardous level, verification of isolation shall be continued until the servicing or 273 maintenance is completed, or until the possibility of such accumulation no longer 274 exists. 275

(g) Prior to starting work on equipment that has been locked or tagged out, the 277

Authorized Worker shall verify that isolation and de-energization of the equipment 278 have been accomplished. 279

(h) Before LOTO devices are removed and energy is restored to the equipment, actions 281 shall be taken by the Authorized Worker(s) to ensure that: 282

i. The work area is inspected to ensure that any nonessential items have been 284 removed and that the equipment components (e.g., guards) are operationally 285 intact; 286

ii. The work area is checked to ensure that all workers have been safely 288 positioned or removed; 289

iii. After LOTO devices have been removed by the Authorized Worker(s) who 291 applied them but before energy is restored to the equipment, Affected 292 Workers are notified of the removal of the LOTO devices; and 293

iv. When the Authorized Worker who applied a LOTO device is unavailable to 295 remove it, that device may be removed under the procedures outlined in 296 Section 6h. 297

d. Temporary Removal of LOTO Devices 299

In situations in which LOTO devices must be temporarily removed from the energy-isolating 300 device and the equipment energized to test or position it or a component thereof, the 301 following steps shall be taken in sequence: 302

(1) Clear the equipment of tools and materials; 304

(2) Remove workers from the equipment area; 306

(3) Remove the LOTO devices; 308

(4) Energize and proceed with testing or positioning; and 310

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 9

(5) De-energize all systems and reapply energy-control measures in accordance with Section 312 6c of this suborder to continue the servicing and/or maintenance. 313

e. Group LOTO Procedure 315

When multiple Authorized Workers (including servicing contractors) perform service or 316 maintenance on the same piece of equipment, a supervisor may determine that a group 317 LOTO procedure is appropriate. 318

(1) General Requirements 320

(a) When more than one worker would be required to apply a LOTO device to the same 322 electrical power disconnecting device, a group LOTO device shall be utilized to 323 allow each worker’s LOTO lock to be affixed at the disconnecting device. 324

(b) When it is not practical to have all worker LOTO locks attached at the electrical 326 power disconnecting device, a group lockbox shall be utilized. 327

(c) When LOTO is required to be performed and doing so requires securing multiple 329 energy sources with multiple authorized workers, a lockbox shall be utilized. 330

(2) When servicing or maintenance is performed by a crew, craft, department, or other 332 group, that entity shall utilize a procedure that affords the workers a level of protection 333 equivalent to the implementation of a personal LOTO device. 334

(3) When a group lockbox is required, all of the following requirements apply: 336

(a) A group LOTO lock shall be applied to each disconnecting device; 338

(b) The group LOTO lock keys shall be placed in the lockbox; 340

(c) All workers, including the person in charge, shall affix their LOTO locks to the 342 lockbox; and 343

(d) The person in charge shall then affix a supervisor LOTO lock and tag to lockbox. 345

(4) The supervisor shall convene a meeting of all group members covered under the 347 procedure. 348

(5) The supervisor shall describe the tasks to be performed and document those tasks in a 350 written energy-control procedure. 351

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 10

(6) The supervisor may delegate an Authorized Worker the primary responsibility for a 352 specified group working under the protection of the group LOTO procedure. 353 Supervisory responsibility is then vested in the Designated Lead Authorized Worker for 354 the specific workers working under the protection of the group LOTO devices. 355

(7) Each member of the specified group shall be trained and Authorized as described in this 357 suborder’s training requirements. 358

(8) The Designated Lead Authorized Worker shall ensure that each step of the written 360

LOTO procedure has been completed and shall ascertain the exposure status of 361 individual group members with regard to the lockout or tagout of the equipment. 362

(9) Each Authorized Worker performing work on the equipment shall ensure every step of 364 the written procedure has been completed prior to placing their personal LOTO device 365 on the group LOTO device, group lockbox, or comparable mechanism when he/she 366 begins work. 367

(10) When the work has been completed, and after each worker has removed his/her 369 respective lock or tag from the group LOTO device, the Designated Lead Authorized 370 Worker shall remove his/her LOTO lock or tag from the group LOTO device and return 371 the equipment to service as described in the procedure. 372

f. LOTO Procedures for Shift Changes 374

The following procedures shall be utilized during shift or personnel changes to ensure the 375 continuity of LOTO protection, including provision for the orderly transfer of LOTO device 376 protection between departing and oncoming workers, to minimize exposure to hazards from 377 the unexpected energization or start-up of the equipment, or the release of stored energy. 378

(1) The requirements for group LOTO apply. 380

(2) The group LOTO lock shall remain attached to each energy control device. 382

(3) The supervisor lock shall remain affixed to the lockbox or other approved group LOTO 384 device. 385

(4) All off-going shift workers shall remove their individual LOTO locks and tags from the 387 lockbox or other approved group LOTO device. 388

(5) The off-going person in charge shall brief the oncoming person in charge of the status of 390 the project and inform all oncoming workers of any potential hazards. 391

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 11

(6) The person in charge of the off-going shift shall transfer custody of the key for the 392 supervisor LOTO lock attached to the lockbox or approved group LOTO device to the 393 oncoming person in charge. 394

(7) All oncoming Authorized Workers shall place their locks and/or tags onto the group 396

LOTO device. 397

(8) Before work begins, the oncoming Authorized Workers shall verify isolation and de-399 energization of the equipment that has been locked or tagged out prior to restarting work. 400

g. LOTO Conducted by Non-R&D Contractors 402

(1) Contracting Officers (COs) or Contracting Officer Representatives (CORs) overseeing 404 non-R&D contractor shall ensure non-R&D contractors are not permitted to commence 405 work on NIST equipment when LOTO is required until: 406

(a) They have been provided with a copy of this suborder by the controlling NIST 408 organization and understand the requirements for LOTO devices; 409

(b) They have exchanged LOTO programs with the controlling NIST organization; 411

(c) The exchange of LOTO programs has been documented using the exchange-of-413 LOTO-programs form provided by the Office of Safety, Health, and Environment 414 (OSHE); and 415

(d) Information concerning non-R&D contractor LOTO procedures has been 417 communicated to NIST Affected Workers. 418

(2) When LOTO is performed by non-R&D contractors, the CO or COR shall ensure the 420 following: 421

(a) Prior to the non-R&D contractor performing their LOTO steps, the NIST organization 423 responsible for the system and/or equipment being turned over to the contractor shall: 424

i. Document and obtain the non-R&D contractor’s agreement via the COR on 426 the condition/status of the system and/or equipment being turned over; and 427

ii. Affix their LOTO device(s) on all sources of energy and verify zero energy. 429

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 12

(b) The non-R&D contractor has applied their LOTO devices in accordance with their 431 contractor safety plan accepted by NIST. 432

(c) Prior to any testing of any system or equipment that requires re-introducing the 434 system or equipment into the NIST infrastructure, the NIST organization responsible 435 for the system and/or equipment shall ensure by applicable means that doing so 436 would have no impact to the NIST infrastructure. 437

(d) Prior to acceptance and the introduction or re-introduction of any system into the 439 NIST infrastructure by a non-R&D contractor, the NIST organization responsible for 440 the system or equipment shall ensure by applicable means that doing so would have 441 no impact to the NIST infrastructure. 442

(e) The LOTO lock and tag from the responsible NIST organization for the system 444 and/or equipment shall be the last to be removed. 445

h. LOTO Device Emergency Removal 447 WARNING: This is considered to be an emergency procedure only to be undertaken in 448 extreme circumstances with a supervisor’s approval and using extreme care. 449

(1) When an Authorized Worker who has applied a LOTO device is not available to remove 451 it, someone in his/her immediate supervisory chain may authorize its removal in 452 accordance with this emergency removal procedure. If the Authorized Worker's 453 immediate supervisor is not available, the emergency removal may be performed by one 454 level of management above the Authorized Worker's immediate supervisor or by a 455 delegated individual with documented authorization from the immediate supervisor. 456

(2) The following steps must be performed and documented using the Emergency LOTO 458

Lock Removal form provided by OSHE. 459

(a) The supervisor must verify the Authorized Worker is not at the NIST facility. The 461 supervisor must make every reasonable effort to contact the Authorized Worker. This 462 may include a telephone call to the worker's home or other location. These efforts 463 must be documented (e.g., email, registered letter, voicemail, or telephone verbal 464 assurance, etc.) by the supervisor. 465

(b) If the Authorized Worker is contacted, the supervisor must inform the worker that 467 his/her LOTO device is being removed. 468

(c) The supervisor must verify that it is safe to remove the LOTO device. 470

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 13

(d) The supervisor may then authorize another Authorized Worker to remove the LOTO 471 device. 472

(e) The supervisor must ensure that before the LOTO device owner returns to work, 474 he/she is presented with the removed device and is informed of the reasons for the 475 emergency removal. 476

(f) The emergency procedure form must be signed by the supervisor and the Authorized 478 Worker who removed the lock and be retained in the OU’s LOTO records. 479

i. Locks, Tags, and Devices 481

Locks, tags, chains, wedges, key blocks, adapter pins, self-locking fasteners, or other 482 hardware shall be provided by the OU for isolating, securing, or blocking of equipment from 483 hazardous-energy sources. 484

(1) General lockout device and tag requirements include: 486

(a) Locks and tags must be singularly identifiable; 488

(b) LOTO locks and tags must be the only devices used for controlling hazardous energy 490 during LOTO activities and not be used for any other purpose (e.g., for restricting 491 access, removing from service); 492

(c) LOTO locks and tags must be durable enough to withstand wet, damp, and corrosive 494 environments while they are in use on equipment, including ensuring the print on the 495 tag does not become illegible; 496

(d) LOTO locks must be substantial enough to prevent removal without the use of 498 excessive force or unusual techniques such as using bolt cutters or other metal cutting 499 tools. 500

(e) LOTO tags must be substantial enough to prevent inadvertent or accidental removal, 502 which means that they must have an attachment means of a non-reusable type, be 503 attachable by hand, be self-locking, and be non-releasable with a minimum unlocking 504 strength of no less than 225 N (50 lbf)), i.e., they must have characteristics similar to 505 those of a one-piece all-environment-tolerant nylon cable tie; and 506

(f) LOTO locks and tags shall be standardized in at least one of the following criteria: 508 color, shape, or size; additionally, in the case of tagout devices, print and format shall 509 be standardized. 510

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 14

(2) NIST’s LOTO device requirements are as follows: 511

(a) Personal locks shall have red bodies and singular keys. 513

i. Authorized Workers with multiple personal locks may have them keyed alike. 515

ii. Personal locks must contain the identity of the Authorized Worker who 517 applies them. 518

iii. Supervisors of Authorized Workers may maintain copies of the keys to the 520 Authorized Workers’ personal locks to be used for emergency device removal 521 only. 522

(b) Group locks shall have red bodies and be keyed alike for each work group. 524

i. Group locks must contain the identity of the responsible organization that 526 applies them. 527

ii. Supervisors shall maintain copies of the keys to the group locks to be used for 529 emergency device removal only. 530

(c) Supervisor locks shall have red bodies and may be keyed alike. 532

i. Supervisor locks must contain the identity of the responsible organization that 534 applies them. 535

ii. Supervisors may maintain copies of the keys to the group locks to be used for 537 emergency device removal only. 538

(d) Lockout tags must meet the following ANSI Z535.5 criteria: 540

i. Danger tags shall have the word “Danger” in safety white letters on a 542 rectangular safety red background; 543

ii. Danger tags will be on a safety white stock; 545

iii. Danger tags must contain the action statement, “Do Not Operate,” and, at a 547 minimum, the Authorized Worker’s name and phone number; pictures and 548 other information may also be applied to the tags; 549

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 15

iv. Tag message lettering should be typed; if printed messages are applied, they 551 must be legibly printed; and 552

v. Backs of tags may be used to give additional operating instructions, 554 emergency procedures, emergency telephone numbers, or to reinforce the 555 critical role that the LOTO tag holds; the back side of the tag should refer to 556 the front side of the tag and vice versa. 557

vi. Locks and tags used in conducting group LOTO shall: 559

(i) Have a distinguishing identifier to identify it as a group LOTO lock 561 and tag; 562

(ii) Locks shall be keyed alike to a single master for each work group; and 564

(iii) Each lock shall be individually numbered. 566

vii. Locks and tags used as supervisor locks and tags shall: 568

(i) Have a distinguishing identifier to identify them as a supervisor LOTO 570 lock and/or tag; 571

(ii) Locks shall not be keyed alike; and 573

(iii) Each lock shall have an identifier indicating the organization to which 575 it belongs. 576

j. Training 578

(1) Training of Authorized, Affected, and Other Workers and their Official First-Level 580

Supervisors 581

(a) Authorized Workers shall complete: 583

i. The training provided by OSHE on the Control of Hazardous Energy (LOTO) 585 program; 586

ii. The activity-specific training required by hazard reviews applicable to the 588 work to be conducted, including 589

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 16

(i) The recognition of applicable hazardous-energy sources; 591

(ii) The types and magnitudes of those hazardous-energy sources; and 593

(iii) The methods and means necessary for energy isolation and control, 595 and where tagout only is used, review of the following key points: 596

[i] Tags are essentially warning devices and do not provide 598 physical restraint like a lock. 599

[ii] When a tag is attached to an energy-isolating device, it is not to 601 be removed without authorization from the Authorized Worker 602 identified on the tag, and it is never to be bypassed, ignored, or 603 otherwise defeated. 604

[iii] Tags shall be legible and understandable by all workers. 606

[iv] Tags and their means of attachment shall be made of materials 608 that will withstand environmental conditions encountered while 609 on equipment. 610

[v] Tags may evoke a false sense of security and their meaning 612 needs to be understood as part of the overall energy-control 613 program. 614

[vi] Tags shall be securely attached to energy-isolating devices so 616 they cannot be inadvertently or accidentally detached during 617 use. 618

(b) Affected Workers shall complete activity-specific training on the purpose and use of 620 the energy-control procedures applicable to their assigned duties and work locations 621 and of the prohibition of attempts to re-start or re-energize equipment that is locked or 622 tagged out. 623

(c) When non-R&D contractors perform LOTO, Affected Workers shall be provided 624 with information concerning the non-R&D contractor’s energy control procedures. 625

(d) The activity-specific training for Authorized and Affected Workers shall be provided 627 by Authorized Workers who have successfully completed training on the Control of 628 Hazardous Energy (LOTO) program and who are familiar with the applicable energy 629 sources and the methods and means of energy isolation and control. 630

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 17

(e) Official First-Level Supervisors of Authorized Workers shall complete the training 631 provided by OSHE on the Control of Hazardous Energy (LOTO) program. 632

(f) Other Workers shall complete training provided by OSHE on the general purpose and 634 use of energy-control procedures and of the prohibition of attempts to re-start or re-635 energize equipment that is locked or tagged out.3 636

(2) Retraining of Authorized and Affected Workers 638

(a) Authorized and Affected Workers shall complete activity-specific retraining 640 whenever:4 641

i. A change in their job assignment requires Authorized and Affected Workers 643 to service and maintain or operate additional equipment or introduces them to 644 new energy sources; 645

ii. A change in equipment or its operation presents a new hazard; 647

iii. A change in LOTO procedures is introduced; 649

iv. A LOTO annual inspection points to a systemic deficiency warranting 651 retraining; or 652

v. A LOTO annual inspection, observation, or other condition reveals deviations 654 from LOTO procedures or a worker is found to lack knowledge of those 655 procedures. 656

(3) Training shall be documented and recorded in accordance with the requirements, roles, 658 and responsibilities in the Safety Education and Training suborder. 659

k. LOTO Annual Inspections 661

(1) Annual Inspection of LOTO Procedures. 663

3 This training is part of training assigned automatically by the NIST electronic safety-training application to all employees and covered associates entering on duty.

4 The requirements in Sections 6j(2)(a)i-iii coincide with requirements in the Hazard Review suborder (a) to conduct hazard reviews when changes to existing activities introduce new or increase existing hazards, and (b) for the authorization of workers.

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 18

(a) Each energy-control procedure shall be separately inspected annually to ensure that 665 the energy-control procedure is adequate and is being properly implemented by 666 Authorized Workers. 667

(b) At a minimum, these inspections shall include a demonstration of the procedures by 669 Authorized Workers while servicing and/or maintaining equipment. 670

(c) The inspector, who must be an Authorized Worker other than the one(s) utilizing the 672 energy-control procedure being inspected, shall observe the implementation of the 673 energy-control procedure for the servicing and/or maintenance being evaluated and 674 talk with employees and covered associates implementing the procedure to determine 675 that all the requirements of this suborder are understood and being followed. 676

(d) The Authorized Worker performing the inspection may be someone who previously 678 has or currently implements the energy-control procedure being inspected, as long as 679 he/she is not implementing any part of the energy-control procedure while it is being 680 inspected. 681

(e) The inspector must be able to determine whether: 683

i. The steps in the energy-control procedure are being followed; 685

ii. The workers involved know their responsibilities under the procedure; and 687

iii. The procedure is adequate to provide the necessary protection, and, if 689 inadequate, what modifications are needed. 690

(f) Procedures may be reviewed together during one inspection as long as they involve 692 the same or similar types of energy-control methods. 693

(g) If procedures are grouped together for annual inspection, it is recommended that one 695 or more of the individual procedures (from the same group or from similar procedures 696 from the previous year) be reviewed on its own so that over time each procedure is 697 reviewed individually. 698

(2) Annual inspections shall be recorded using the LOTO inspection form provided by 700

OSHE and maintained by the OU until the completion of the next annual inspection. If 701 inspections reveal inadequate or improper LOTO procedures, the hazard or discrepancy 702 must be mitigated immediately and Authorized and Affected Workers must be retrained 703 as indicated in Section 6j. 704

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 19

7. DEFINITIONS 705

a. Affected Worker – Any worker who uses equipment subject to being serviced or maintained 706 under LOTO, or whose job requires him or her to work in an area in which such servicing or 707 maintenance is being performed. 708

b. Authorized Worker – A person who has completed the required hazardous-energy-control 710 training (general and procedure-specific) and is authorized by their Division Chief or 711 designee to lock and tag out the energy-control points in specific equipment or apparatus in 712 order to perform service or maintenance. A person must be an Authorized Worker to apply a 713 lock or tag to control hazardous energy. 714

c. Capable of Being Locked Out – An energy-isolating device is considered capable of being 716 locked out if it has a hasp or other means to attach a lock, has a locking mechanism built into 717 it, or can be locked without dismantling, rebuilding, or replacing the energy-isolating device 718 or permanently altering its energy-control capability. 719

d. Energized – Connected to an energy source or containing stored energy. 721

e. Energy-Isolating Device – A mechanical device that physically prevents the transmission or 723 release of energy, including but not limited to the following: a manually operated electrical-724 circuit breaker; a disconnect switch; a manually-operated switch by which the conductors of 725 a circuit can be disconnected from all ungrounded supply conductors and, in addition, no 726 pole can be operated independently; a line valve; a block; and any similar device used to 727 block or isolate energy. Push buttons, selector switches, and other control-circuit-type 728 devices are not energy-isolating devices. 729

f. Energy-Isolation Point – A location at which the flow or release of hazardous energy can be 731 prevented when a mechanism such as a valve, breaker, switch, blank off, or block-out is 732 placed in the “OFF” position. Control circuits such as computer-control circuitry and 733 software are not energy-isolation points. 734

g. Exclusive Control – A condition in which a worker has taken actions or is continuously in a 735 position to prevent (exclude) other individuals from re-energizing or starting equipment 736 while it is being serviced or maintained. 737

h. Group Lock Box – A key box containing the key(s) used to lock out equipment being 739 serviced by multiple Authorized Workers. Each Authorized Worker involved in the 740 servicing places his/her personal locks on the group lock box. The keys to the equipment 741 cannot be accessed until all Authorized Workers remove their locks. 742

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 20

i. Group LOTO – A procedure to coordinate service or maintenance work by several 744 Authorized Workers on locked/tagged out equipment. More than one Authorized Worker 745 may need access to the locked/tagged out equipment because it has multiple energy sources, 746 requires multiple LOTO procedures, or the work to be performed extends across shifts. 747

j. Group Lockout Devices – Locks and tags used for group LOTO. 749

k. Hazardous Energy – Energy capable of causing personal harm or property damage if it is not 751 controlled. Types of hazardous energy include, but are not limited to, electrical, mechanical, 752 rotational, gravitational, chemical, radioactive, hydraulic, pneumatic, and thermal. 753

l. Hazardous-Energy Control – The process of systematically implementing engineering and 755 administrative means to prevent hazardous energy from flowing to a person. 756

m. Hazardous-Energy-Control Procedure – An equipment-specific procedure Authorized 758 Workers must follow to safely control hazardous energy during servicing or maintaining of 759 the equipment. 760

n. Hazardous-Energy Source – Equipment, machine, apparatus, process piping, and so on, 762 which is a source of hazardous energy. 763

o. Hot Tap – A procedure used in servicing and/or maintenance that involves welding on a 765 piece of equipment (pipelines, vessels, or tanks) under pressure, in order to install 766 connections or appurtenances. Hot taps are commonly used to replace or add sections of 767 pipeline without the interruption of service for air, gas, water, steam, and petrochemical 768 distribution systems. 769

p. Lockout – The placement of a lockout device on an energy-isolating device, in accordance 771 with an established procedure, to ensure the energy-isolating device and the equipment being 772 controlled cannot be operated until the lockout device is removed. 773

q. Lockout Device – Any device that uses a positive means such as a lock, blank flanges, and 775 bolted slip blinds to hold an energy-isolating device in a safe position to prevent equipment 776 from unexpectedly energizing. 777

r. Non-R&D Contractor – A NIST associate who performs non-R&D work at a NIST 779 workplace in accordance with the safety requirements of a contract or other legal 780 arrangement, such as a Memorandum of Understanding, with NIST Non-R&D contractors 781 include, but are not limited to, construction contractors; facilities contractors; equipment 782

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 21 installation, service, and maintenance contractors; Health Unit contractors; contract cafeteria 783 workers; and janitorial contractors. 784

s. Normal Operations – The utilization of equipment to perform intended functions. 786

t. Other Worker – A worker with duties that are or may be in an area where energy-control 788 procedures may be utilized. 789

u. Personal Lock (or Locks) – A singularly keyed lock, or singularly keyed locks, issued to an 791 Authorized Worker used exclusively for the control of hazardous energy. 792

v. Personal Lockout Devices – Locks and tags used for personal LOTO. 794

w. Personal LOTO – LOTO performed by a single Authorized Worker on equipment with one 796 of more sources of hazardous energy. 797

x. Servicing and/or Maintenance – Workplace activities such as constructing, installing, setting 799 up, adjusting, inspecting, and modifying equipment that could expose workers to the 800 unexpected release of hazardous energy. Maintenance activities may also include lubrication, 801 cleaning, or unjamming equipment, and making adjustments or tool changes. 802

y. Setting up – Any work performed to prepare equipment to perform its normal operation. 804

z. Stored Energy – Energy located within any device after equipment is shut down. This 806 includes, but is not limited to, capacitors, tanks, pipes, springs, and flywheels. 807

aa. Supervisor Lock – A lock used in the performance of LOTO to allow for maintaining 809 continuity of a lockout/tagout condition between shift or workgroup changes. 810

bb. Supervisor Tag – A tag used with a supervisor lock in the performance of LOTO to allow for 812 maintaining continuity of a lockout/tagout condition between shift or workgroup changes. 813

cc. Tagout – The placement of a tagout device on an energy-isolating device, in accordance with 815 an established procedure, to indicate that the energy-isolating device and the equipment 816 being controlled shall not be operated until the tagout device is removed. 817

dd. Tagout Device – A prominent warning device, such as a tag and a means of attachment that 819 can be securely fastened to an energy-isolating device in accordance with an established 820 procedure, to indicate that the energy-isolating device and the equipment being controlled 821 may not be operated until the tagout device is removed. 822

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 22

8. ACRONYMS 823

a. CO – Contracting Officer 824

b. COR – Contracting Officer Representative 826

c. LOTO – Lockout/Tagout 828

d. OSHE – Office of Safety, Health, and Environment 830

e. OU – Organizational Unit 832

f. R&D – Research and Development 834

9. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 837

a. OUs: Ensuring that the requirements in Section 6 are met. 838

b. Chief Safety Officer: Ensuring that the training specified in Sections 6j for Other Workers is 840 included in training assigned automatically by the NIST electronic safety-training application 841 to employees and covered associates entering on duty. 842

10. AUTHORITIES 845

There are no authorities specific to this suborder alone. 846

11. DIRECTIVE OWNER 849

Chief Safety Officer 850

12. APPENDICES 853

A. Revision History 854

NIST S 7101.56 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 23

Appendix A. Revision History 856

Revision No.

Approval Date

Deployment Start Date

Effective Date Brief Description of Change; Rationale

0 03/20/14 06/25/14 04/01/15 None – Initial document

1 11/05/15 11/05/15 11/05/15

• Made suborder applicable to “associates”.

• Added new Section 3c(1) to clarify the relationship between this suborder and NIST N 7101.64, Electrical Safety; added “to which workers could be exposed” to Section 3c(2)(b).

2 03/14/18 TBD TBD

• Changed “Associates” and “Contractors” to “Covered Associates” and “Non-R&D Contractors” to align the suborder with NIST O 7101.00, Occupational Safety and Health Management System.

• Indicated that LOTO locks and tags are not to be used for equipment taken out of service when that equipment presents no hazards to personnel.

• Added requirements for tracking of locks and tags.

• Added additional requirements for group

LOTO.

• Revised the LOTO procedure for shift changes.

• Added additional requirements for LOTO conducted by non-R&D contractors.

https://oshe.nist.gov/apps/docs/programs/Documents/NIST%20O%207101-00%20-%20Occupational%20Safety%20and%20Health%20Order_020216.docx https://oshe.nist.gov/apps/docs/programs/Documents/NIST%20O%207101-00%20-%20Occupational%20Safety%20and%20Health%20Order_020216.docx https://oshe.nist.gov/apps/docs/programs/Documents/NIST%20O%207101-00%20-%20Occupational%20Safety%20and%20Health%20Order_020216.docx

Electrical Safety

NIST N 7101.64

Effective Date: 10/23/2015

Document Approval Date: 10/23/2015

1. PURPOSE

This Notice establishes the requirements, roles, responsibilities, and authorities for performing energized electrical work, including electrical lockout/tagout (electrical LOTO). It will remain in place from its issuance date until the effective date of NIST Suborder (S) 7101.64: Electrical Safety.

NOTE: NIST expects NIST S 7101.64: Electrical Safety to be effective on April 1, 2017, with deployment commencing in the 3rd quarter of FY 2016. NIST S 7101.64 will incorporate the requirements of this notice.

2. BACKGROUND

a. Energized electrical work, including electrical LOTO, can present significant electrical-shock and arc-flash hazards absent implementation of the safety requirements herein.

b. The contents of this Notice are based on the current editions of Occupational Safety and

Health Administration (OSHA) standards in 29 CFR 1910, Subpart S, Electrical, and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) codes/standards NFPA 70, 70B, and 70E.

3. APPLICABILITY

a. The requirements of this Notice apply to the following, regardless of the physical location in which the work is being performed:

(1) NIST employees and associates who could be exposed to electrical hazards, e.g., shock, arc flash, while performing energized electrical work, including electrical LOTO, in the performance of their duties; and

NIST N 7101.64 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 2

(2) NIST employees who are responsible for outside service providers performing energized electrical work, including electrical LOTO, and as such, are responsible for ensuring that other NIST employees and associates are not exposed to the hazards of that work.

4. REFERENCES

a. OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S, Electrical

b. NFPA 70, National Electric Code, current edition

c. NFPA 70B, Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance, current edition

d. NFPA 70E, Electrical Safety in the Workplace, current edition

5. APPLICABLE NIST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBORDERS

a. NIST S 7101.20: Work and Worker Authorization Based on Hazard Reviews;

b. NIST S 7101.21: Personal Protective Equipment; and

c. NIST S 7101.56: Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout).

6. REQUIREMENTS

Section 6a delineates conditions under which work on electrical equipment and circuits may be conducted in an energized state. Sections 6b and 6c delineate the requirements for de-energizing and re-energizing, respectively, equipment and circuits. Sections 6d and 6e delineate the requirements for performing energized electrical work without and with, respectively, an Energized Electrical Work Permit (EEWP; see Section 7, Definitions).

a. Conditions under which Work on Electrical Equipment and Circuits May Be Conducted in an

Energized State

(1) Work on electrical, electronic, and electro-mechanical equipment and circuits shall be performed in a de-energized state unless at least one of the following conditions is met:

(a) Energized electrical conductors and circuit parts to which employees and associates could be exposed operate at less than 50 volts and no other electrical hazards, e.g., potential for electrical…