NIST S 7101-67_Fall Protection_09072021a.pdf

NIST S 7101.67 Ver. 2 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 1 of 17

FALL PROTECTION 3

NIST S 7101.67 5

Document Date: 09/07/2021 6 Effective Date1: 06/30/2023 7

1. PURPOSE 10

The purpose of this program is to establish requirements and associated roles and 11 responsibilities to protect NIST employees and covered associates from falls from heights 12 and falling objects from heights during the conduct of their work. 13

2. BACKGROUND 16

NIST must meet or exceed the requirements established by OSHA in Subpart D Walking 17 Working Surfaces 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.28, 1910.29, 1910.30, 18 Subpart I Personal Protective Equipment 29 CFR 1910.140, and Subpart M Fall Protection 19 29 CFR 1926.500, 1926.501, 1926.502, 1926.503. These requirements are covered in the 20 combination of NIST directives: NIST S 7101.63: Walking and Working Surfaces; NIST S 21 7101.66: Ladder Safety and this directive, NIST 7101.67: Fall Protection. Requirements for 22 scaffolding are not covered; contact OSHE for assistance with scaffolding and ropes (29 CFR 23

1910.27 and 1926.451). 24

3. APPLICABILITY 27

a. The provisions of this program apply to all NIST employees and covered associates who 28 may, during the conduct of their work, be exposed to falls from heights or falling objects 29 from heights. 30

b. The provisions of this program do not apply to NIST employees and covered associates who 32 require fall protection when conducting NIST work at sites owned and operated by other 33 organizations. These individuals must work in accordance with a site-specific, fall protection 34 program that has been determined by NIST to provide an assurance of safety comparable to 35 that provided by this program. 36

1 For revision history, see Appendix A.

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c. The provisions of this program do not apply to the following activities: 38

(1) Using portable ladders covered by § 1910.23; 40

(2) Inspecting, investigating, or assessing workplace conditions or work to be performed 42 prior to the start of work or after all work has been completed. This exemption does not 43 apply when fall protection systems or equipment meeting the requirements of § 1910.29 44 have been installed and are available for workers to use for pre-work and post-work 45 inspections, investigations, or assessments; 46

(3) Working near the exposed perimeters of entertainment stages and the exposed perimeters 48 of rail-station platforms; 49

(4) Using powered platforms covered by § 1910.66(j) and aerial lifts covered by § 51 1910.67(c)(2)(v); 52

(5) Performing telecommunications work covered by § 1910.268(n)(7) and (8); and 54

(6) Conducting electric power generation, transmission, and distribution work covered by § 56 1910.269(g)(2)(i). 57

4. REFERENCES 60

a. Part 29 CFR 1960 – Basic Program Elements for Federal Employee Occupational Safety and 61

Health Programs; 62

b. Part 29 CFR 1910.27 – Subpart D, Walking-Working Surfaces, Scaffolds and Rope Descent 64 Systems; 65

c. Part 29 CFR 1910.28 – Subpart D, Walking-Working Surfaces, Duty to have Fall Protection 67 and Falling Object Protection; 68

d. Part 29 CFR 1910.29 – Subpart D, Walking-Working Surfaces, Fall Protection Systems and 70 Falling Object Protection-Criteria and Practices; 71

e. Part 29 CFR 1910.30 – Subpart D, Walking-Working Surfaces, Training requirements; 73

f. Part 29 CFR 1910.140 – Subpart I, Personal Protective Equipment, Personal Fall Protection 75 Systems; 76 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owasrch.search_form?p_doc_type=STANDARDS&p_toc_level=1&p_keyvalue=1960 https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.27 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9720 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9721 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9722 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=1291

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g. Part 29 CFR 1926.451 – Scaffolds General Requirements 78

h. Part 29 CFR 1926.501 – Subpart M, Fall Protection, Duty to have fall protection; 80

i. Part 29 CFR 1926.502 – Subpart M, Fall Protection, Fall protection Systems Criteria and 82 Practices; 83

j. Part 29 CFR 1926.503 – Subpart M, Fall Protection, Training Requirements; 85

k. ANSI/ASSP Z359.2 – 2017 Minimum Requirements for a Comprehensive Managed Fall 87 Protection Program; 88

l. ANSI/ASSP Z490.1-2016 - Criteria for Accepted Practices in Safety, Health and 90

Environmental Training 91

m. EM 385 1-1 Section 21 – U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) Fall Protection Standard; 93 and 94

n. American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM F887 Standard Specification for 96 Personal Climbing Equipment. 97

5. APPLICABLE NIST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBORDERS 100

a. NIST S 7101.20: Work and Worker Authorization Based on Hazard Reviews 101

b. NIST S 7101.21: Personal Protective Equipment 103

c. NIST S 7101.22: Hazard Signage 105

d. NIST S 7101.23: Safety Education and Training 107

e. NIST S 7101.24: Incident Reporting and Investigation 109

f. NIST S 7101.63: Walking/Working Surface (in progress) 111

g. NIST S 7101.66: Ladder Safety (in progress) 113

h. NIST S 7101.73: Out of Service (in progress) 115 https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.451 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10757 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10758 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10759

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6. REQUIREMENTS 118

a. Fall protection and protection from falling objects shall be required for the following 119 conditions in a workspace: 120

(1) Walking and/or working surfaces with an unprotected side or edge that is: 122

(a) 4 feet (1.2 m) or more above a lower level during non-construction activities; 124

(b) 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above a lower level during construction activities; or 126

(c) Any height above dangerous equipment (see Section 7, DEFINITIONS); and 128

(2) Walking and/or working surfaces 4 feet or more above a lower level that have a hole (see 130

Section 7, DEFINITIONS), examples include, but are not limited to: 131

(a) Hoist areas; 133

(b) Skylights; or 135

(c) Chute openings; and 137

(3) Fixed ladders greater than 24 feet. 139

b. Workspaces shall be inspected at least annually to identify conditions that may expose 141 personnel to: 142

(1) Falls from heights; 144

(2) Falling objects from workspaces identified in Section 6.a of this suborder. 146

If an uncontrolled hazard is identified during an inspection, immediate action shall be taken 148 to ensure personnel are not exposed to the hazard until the appropriate control measures have 149 been implemented. 150

c. Fall protection control measures shall be identified through a risk assessment methodology 152 conducted in accordance with NIST S 7101.20: Work and Worker Authorization Based on 153 Hazard Reviews. 154

(1) A Competent Person (see Section 7, DEFINITIONS) should be consulted during the 156 conduct of a hazard review involving a potential fall from heights. 157

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(2) A fall hazard survey report should be used and included in the Hazard Review Analysis 158 (HRA) or Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) as appropriate to identify methods to eliminate or 159 control each identified fall from height hazard. 160

(3) Consideration of fall protection control measures2 shall be made in the following order. 162

(a) Elimination of the fall hazard through: 164

i. Modification of the work, e.g., lowering the work surface to ground level; or 166

ii. Substituting how the work is performed, e.g., actuating an elevated valve 168 using a chain at ground level. 169

(b) Use of a passive fall protection system such as: 171

i. Guardrail system meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.29; 173

ii. Safety net system meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.502(c); and 175

iii. Hole covering meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.29(e) and 29 CFR 177 1926.502(i)(4). 178

(c) Use of a travel restraint system meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.140. 180

i. A Competent Person shall assist in the selection of the fall restraint system. 182

(d) Use of a personal fall arrest system meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.140(d). 184

i. A Competent Person shall assist in the selection of the personal fall arrest 186 system. 187

ii. As part of the hazard review process, rescue procedures in accordance with 189

ANSI/ASSP Z359.2-2017 Section 8.3 shall be developed and communicated 190 to the Authorized Person(s) and Authorized Rescuer along with the use of 191 personal fall arrest system. 192

2 Examples of various fall protection control measures are provided in this section. This is not an inclusive list.

Please contact OSHE (x5375, Option 3) for consultation regarding an appropriate control measure for a specific activity that requires fall protection.

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(e) Use of administrative controls such as: 196

i. Designated Areas using Warning line system meeting the requirements of 29 198

CFR 1910.29 (d); 199

ii. Controlled access zone meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.502(g); 201

iii. Signage; and 203

iv. Having the services of an Authorized Rescuer, or rescue plan at the ready. 205

(4) In accordance with NIST S 7101.20, the hazard review shall clearly detail the reasoning 207 for the fall protection control measures chosen for that specific activity. 208

d. Falling object protection control measures outlined in 29 CFR 1910.29(k) shall be identified 210 through a risk assessment methodology conducted in accordance with NIST S 7101.20. 211

(1) A Competent Person should be consulted during the conduct of a hazard review 213 involving potential falling object hazards. 214

(2) Consideration of falling object protection control measures3 shall be made in the 216 following order. 217

(a) Engineering controls such as: 219

i. Toeboards meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.29(k); 221

ii. Paneling or screening meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.29(b)(2), 29 223

CFR 1910.29(b)(5) and 1910.29(k) or; 224

iii. Canopies meeting the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.29(k)(3) 226

(b) Administrative controls such as restricting storage of materials within 4 feet of the 228 working edge. 229

3 Examples of various falling object protection control measures are provided in this section. This is not an inclusive list. Please contact OSHE (x5375, Option 3) for consultation regarding an appropriate control measure for a specific activity.

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(c) Personal protective equipment such as appropriate head protection for individuals 231 who may be exposed to the hazard of falling objects. 232

e. Outdoor work involving the use of a travel restraint system or personal fall arrest system 233 shall be prohibited when the following weather conditions are present: 234

(1) Sustained winds in excess of 25 miles per hour (mph) and/or wind gusts in excess of 35 236 mph. 237

(2) Storm Warning that is within +/- 30 minutes of either the incoming portion of the storm 239 or the outgoing portion as communicated by the National Weather Service for the region 240 of use; and 241

(3) When wet and freezing conditions that may increase the possibility of a fall from height 243 and/or affect the performance of personal fall arrest systems being used when guardrails 244 are not in place. 245

f. Inspection, Maintenance and Storage of Fall Protection Equipment 247

(3) Inspection, maintenance, storage, and care of equipment shall be performed in 249 accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions unless special hazards or conditions 250 unique to an operation may require more stringent procedures than those recommended 251 by the manufacturer. 252

(4) Pre-use inspection shall be performed on equipment by the Authorized Person before 254 each use to verify that it has not sustained any wear or damage that would necessitate 255 taking it out of service. 256

(3) Fall protection equipment shall be inspected annually by a Competent Person to verify 258 that equipment is safe for use. 259

(a) This inspection shall be documented, and records shall be kept on file for the service 261 life of equipment. 262

(4) Fall protection equipment shall be taken out of service when: 264

(a) It fails any inspection; 266

(b) It has been impacted by arresting a fall; or 268

(c) The required inspection interval has been exceeded. 270

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(5) Equipment taken out of service shall be tagged “Out of Service”. 273

(a) “Out of Service” fall protection equipment shall only be returned to service after a 275

Competent Person has performed an inspection and deemed the equipment safe for 276 use. 277

(b) If “Out of Service” fall protection equipment fails an inspection by a Competent 279 Person, it shall be: 280

i. Destroyed; or 282

ii. Returned to the manufacturer. 284

g. Training Requirements 286

(1) Training shall be provided, documented, and recorded in accordance with the 288 requirements of NIST S 7101.23: Safety Education and Training. 289

(2) Employees and covered associates performing workplace inspections shall be trained in 291 identifying potential situations that may lead to a fall from heights and falling objects 292 from heights. 293

(3) Employees and covered associates who may be exposed to falls from heights (i.e., 295 working in and around an area where the fall protection measures are either incomplete or 296 not in place) shall be trained on the following prior to engaging in that work: 297

(a) The nature of the fall hazards in the work area; and 299

(b) The control measures in place to prevent a fall from a height. 301

(4) Employees and covered associates required to use a travel restraint system or personal 303 fall arrest system shall not be authorized to perform that work until after the following is 304 completed: 305

(a) Training on the correct procedures for installing, inspecting, operating, maintaining, 307 and disassembling the system(s) that the individual uses; 308

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(b) Training on the correct use of the system(s) and equipment including, but not limited 310 to, proper donning, adjusting, hook-up, anchoring, and tie-off techniques, and 311 methods of equipment inspection and storage, as specified by the manufacturer; and 312

(c) Displaying their working knowledge of the system(s) to be used through a practical 313 demonstration. 314

Completion of these tasks shall be part of the consideration for authorizing an individual 316 to use a fall restraint system or personal fall arrest system, i.e., making them an 317 Authorized User of the specific systems they will use. A Competent Person shall provide 318 this training. 319

(5) A Competent Person shall have training in the following topics: 321

(a) Applicable fall protection regulations/requirements, standards, equipment, and 323 systems used at NIST for fall protection; 324

(b) Fall hazard elimination and control methods; 326

(c) Procedures for conducting a fall hazard survey to identify fall hazards in a workspace; 328

(d) Estimating free fall distances and total required clearances; 330

(e) Fall protection system selection; 332

(f) How to conduct a detailed inspection of fall protection equipment components and 334 systems used at NIST; 335

(g) The dismantling, storage and the common hazards associated with each fall protection 337 system and component used at NIST; and 338

(h) Fall protection rescue procedures. 340

A Competent Person trainer shall provide this training. 342

(6) Authorized Rescuer shall have training in the following topics: 344

(a) Selection, inspection, use, storage and maintenance of fall protection equipment 346 according to the requirements set forth in ANSI/ASSE Z359-4 (2013) and the fall 347 protection equipment manufacturer’s instructions; 348

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(b) Rapid response to rescue an individual to minimize the dangers of suspension trauma 349 as well as care in handling the suspended worker, particularly if the worker is 350 unconscious; 351

(c) Emergency rescue planning and execution of self-rescue to include: 353

i. Authorized Rescuer safety as the first priority of the plan; 355

ii. What to do after a fall to protect the rescue subject from injury; 357

iii. Methods of rescue; 359

iv. Authorized Rescuer availability; 361

v. Type of equipment available for rescue and effective means to summon rescue 363 personnel; and 364

vi. Drilling of Authorized Rescuer(s) in rescue and evacuation procedures. 366

(7) Refresher training 368

(a) Employees and covered associates required to use a fall restraint system or personal 370 fall arrest system shall be provided refresher training at least every two years4. 371

(b) Competent Persons shall be provided refresher training: 373

i. At least every two years4; or 375

ii. When new fall protection systems are proposed to be used at NIST that the 377 individual is unfamiliar with. 378

(c) Authorized Rescuers shall be provided refresher training: 380

i. At least every two years4; or 382

ii. When new fall protection systems are proposed to be used at NIST that the 384 individual is unfamiliar with. 385

4 ANSI/ASSP 359.2-2017 Section 5.1.3.2

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(8) Retraining 387 Retraining shall be provided to an employee or covered associated when: 388

(a) When changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete or inadequate; 390

(b) When changes in the type of fall protection system or equipment to be used render 391 previous training obsolete or inadequate; or 392

(c) When inadequacies in an individual’s knowledge or use of fall protection systems or 394 equipment indicate that the individual no longer has the requisite understanding or 395 skill necessary to use equipment or perform the job safely. 396

7. DEFINITIONS 399

Definitions common to all NIST OSH suborders can be found in Section 6 of NIST O 710.01. 400 The definitions specific to this suborder are as follows: 401

a. Authorized Person – A person assigned by the NIST OU to perform duties at a location 403 where the person will be exposed to a fall hazard. 404

b. Authorized Rescuer – Person or persons other than the rescue subject acting to perform an 406 assisted rescue by operation of a rescue system. 407

c. Body belt (safety belt) – A strap with means both for securing about the waist and for 409 attaching to other components such as a lanyard used with positioning systems, travel 410 restraint systems, or ladder safety systems. 411

d. Competent Person (Fall Protection) – A person designated in writing by the OU Director to 413 be responsible for immediate supervising, implementing, and monitoring of work involving 414 the use of fall protection. This person, who through training, knowledge and experience in 415 fall protection and rescue systems and equipment, is capable of identifying, evaluating and 416 addressing existing and potential fall hazards and, who has the authority to take prompt 417 corrective measures with regards to such hazards. 418

e. Dangerous equipment – Equipment which, as a result of form or function, may be hazardous 420 to employees who fall into or onto such equipment (e.g., chemical tanks, machinery, 421 electrical equipment, anything that could reasonably impale a person). 422

f. Falls from heights – Hazards associated with work performed at heights more than 4 feet 424 above the next lower level for non-construction activities and 6 feet above the next lower 425 level for construction activities. 426

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g. Fall restraint system – A system designed to protect an individual from a fall from height by 428 preventing them from reaching a point where a fall could occur. 429

h. Free fall – The act of falling before a personal fall arrest system begins to apply force to 431 arrest the fall. 432

i. Free fall distance – The vertical displacement of the fall arrest attachment point on the 434 employee's body belt or body harness between onset of the fall and just before the system 435 begins to apply force to arrest the fall. This distance excludes deceleration distance, and 436 lifeline/lanyard elongation, but includes any deceleration device slide distance or self-437 retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before they operate and fall arrest forces occur. 438

j. Guardrail system – A barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels. 440

k. Hole – A gap or void 2 inches (5.1 cm) or more in its least dimension, in a floor, roof, or 442 other walking/working surface. 443

l. Lower levels – Those areas or surfaces to which an employee can fall. Such areas or surfaces 445 include, but are not limited to, ground levels, floors, platforms, ramps, runways, excavations, 446 pits, tanks, material, water, equipment, structures, or portions thereof. 447

m. Passive Fall Protection System – A system that provides guarding of the fall hazard without 449 the use of personal protective equipment or active participation from the worker. Typical 450 passive solutions include guardrails or netting systems. 451

n. Personal Fall Arrest System – A system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working 453 level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body harness and may include a lanyard, 454 deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these. 455

Note: As of January 1, 1998, the use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited. 457

o. Toeboard – A low protective barrier that will prevent the fall of materials and equipment to 459 lower levels and provide protection from falls for personnel. 460

p. Travel Restraint System – An active fall protection system couples the workers’ body-462 holding device(s), e.g., full body harness, to an anchorage using a suitable means such as 463 restraint lanyards. The system consists of an anchorage, connectors, and a body harness or 464 body belt. It allows a person to approach the edge but eliminates the possibility of going over 465 the edge. 466

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q. Unprotected sides and edges – Any side or edge (except at entrances to points of access) of a 468 walking/working surface, e.g., floor, roof, ramp, or runway where there is no wall or 469 guardrail system at least 39 inches (1.0 m) high. 470

r. Walking/working surface – Any surface, whether horizontal or vertical on which an 471 employee walks or works, including, but not limited to, floors, roofs, ramps, bridges, 472 runways, formwork and concrete reinforcing steel but not including ladders, vehicles, or 473 trailers, on which employees must be located in order to perform their job duties. 474

s. Warning line system – A barrier erected on a roof to warn employees that they are 476 approaching an unprotected roof side or edge, and which designates an area in which roofing 477 work may take place without the use of guardrail, travel restraint system, or safety net 478 systems to protect employees in the area. 479

t. Work area – The portion of a walking/working surface where job duties are being performed. 481

8. ACRONYMS 484

Acronyms common to all NIST OSH suborders can be found in Section 7 of NIST O 710.01. 485 The acronyms specific to this suborder are as follows: 486

a. ANSI – American National Standards Institute 488

b. CFR – Code of Federal Regulations 490

c. OSH – Occupational Safety and Health 492

d. OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration 494

e. OSHE – Office of Safety, Health and Environment 496

f. OU – Organizational Unit 498

9. RESPONSIBILITIES 501

Roles and responsibilities common to all NIST OSH suborders can be found in Section 8 of 502 NIST O 7101.00. The roles and responsibilities specific to this suborder are as follows: 503

a. OU Directors are responsible for: 505

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(1) Establishing policies and procedures as needed for implementing this program within 507 their OUs and ensuring the implementation of those policies and procedures; and 508

(2) Designating in writing OU Competent Persons based on review of the individual’s 510 knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) with respect to fall protection, their training, as 511 well as recommendations fromt eh NIST Fall Protection Program Managers. 512

(3) Ensuring subordinate managers have the authority, resources, and training needed to 514 implement this program. 515

b. Division Chiefs (or Equivalent) are responsible for: 517

(1) Implementing this program within their organizations in accordance with the policies and 519 procedures established by their OUs; 520

(2) Allocating budgetary and other resources capable of ensuring the health and safety of 522 employees, covered associates, and visitors in divisional work areas; 523

(3) Providing support to group leaders, safety personnel, employees, and covered associates 525 in carrying out their responsibilities with respect to implementing the requirements of this 526 suborder and managing fall protection within the division; and, 527

(4) Acting on all incidents involving falls from elevation and related safety concerns reported 529 by divisional personnel quickly and completely to protect employees and covered 530 associates from the health and physical hazards presented by falls from elevation in 531 divisional work areas. 532

c. Employees and Covered Associates are responsible for: 534

(1) Completing the training designated by this program and their OUs and working in 536 accordance with that training; 537

(2) Operating in accordance with the requirements of this program and those established by 539 their OU; and 540

(3) Identifying the possible need for a review of fall protection control measures. 542

d. A Competent Person is responsible, when requested, for: 544

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(1) Assisting in identifying, evaluating, and addressing existing and potential hazards from 546 falls from heights and falling objects from heights during the hazard review process or at 547 a workspace; 548

(2) Selecting appropriate fall protection control measure(s); 550

(3) Inspecting fall protection equipment; and 552

(4) Providing training to Authorized Users. 554

e. Fall Protection Program Manager – is responsible for: 556

(1) Providing NIST employees, Competent Persons, and associates with straightforward 558 interpretations and explanations of how relevant regulations, codes, and standards in this 559 program area apply in the NIST environment; 560

(2) Creating, updating, and providing fall protection awareness training; 562

(3) Ensuring that training on this program is available and meets the needs of the 564 organization; 565

(4) Conducting onsite investigations and assessments to support OU hazards assessments; 567

(5) Participating in all incident and near miss investigations related to this program; and 569

(6) Performing a comprehensive program evaluation on an annual basis. 571

10. AUTHORITIES 574

There are no authorities specific to this suborder alone. Authorities common to all NIST OSH 575 suborders can be found in Section 9 of NIST O 7101.00: Occupational Safety and Health 576 Management System. 577

11. DIRECTIVE OWNER 580

Chief Safety Officer 581

12. APPENDICES 584

a. Revision History 585

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Appendix A. Revision History 587

Version No.

Approval Date

Effective Date Brief Description of Change; Rationale

1 10/07/2020 • None – Initial document

2 06/30/2023

• Updated Section 6.c.(3)(b)iii to include a reference to the OSHA Construction regulation for hole coverings - 29 CFR 1926.502(i)(4).

• Corrected formatting in Section 6.d

• Updated Footnote to include Version Number and changed page number format to “Page x of y”.

• Changed Appendix A Table, Column 1 from

“Revision No.” to “Version No.”.

• NOTE: Effective date was originally TBD due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was updated on 4/17/23.

Appendix A. Revision History