NIST 7101-65_Machines Power Tools Associated Equipment Safety_040419a.pdf

NIST S 7101.65 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 1

MACHINES, POWER TOOLS, AND 3

ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT SAFETY 4

NIST S 7101.65 6

Document Approval Date: 04/04/2019 7 Effective Date: 09/30/20231 8

1. PURPOSE 11

The purpose of this program is to establish requirements and associated roles and 12 responsibilities to eliminate or minimize exposure to hazards associated with the use of 13 machines, power tools, and associated equipment (see Section 7, DEFINITIONS) used in 14 additive or subtractive manufacturing methodologies and shaping of various materials (e.g., 15 metal, wood, plastic). 16

2. BACKGROUND 19

a. NIST O 7101.00, Occupational Safety and Health Management System, requires adherence 20 to OSHA 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910 Subpart O, Occupational Exposure to 21 Machinery and Machine Guarding which was promulgated to protect workers from the 22 hazards associated with the use of machinery in workplaces. 29 CFR 1910 Subpart O 23 requires employers to engage in machine guarding. Machine guarding shall be provided to 24 protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those 25 created by point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips, and sparks. 26 Examples of guarding methods are-barrier guards, two-hand tripping devices, and electronic 27 safety devices. 28

b. In addition to the requirements of 29 CFR 1910 Subpart O, Occupational Exposure to 30

Machinery and Machine Guarding, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart P, Hand Held and Portable 31 Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment also requires NIST to protect workers from 32 the health hazards associated with their use. 33

1 For revision history, see Appendix A.

https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10131 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10131 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10131 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10131 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10132 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10132

NIST S 7101.65 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 2

3. APPLICABILITY 36

a. The provisions of this suborder apply to all NIST employees and covered associates using 37 machines, power tools, and associated equipment used in additive or subtractive 38 manufacturing of various materials (e.g., metal, wood, plastic). 39

b. The provisions of this suborder do not apply to the use of hand tools that are powered 41 manually. 42

4. REFERENCES 45

a. 29 CFR 1910 Subpart O, Machinery and Machine Guarding 46

b. 29 CFR 1910.241 Subpart P, Definitions 48

c. 29 CFR 1910.242 Subpart P, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held 50

Equipment, General 51

d. 29 CFR 1910.243 Subpart P, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held 53 Equipment, Guarding of Portable Powered Tools 54

e. 29 CFR 1910.244(a) Subpart P, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held 56 Equipment, Other Portable Tools and Equipment 57

f. 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I, Personal Protective Equipment 59

g. ANSI Z87.1; ANSI/ISEA Z 87.1 Eye and Face Protection 61

h. NFPA 79 Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery 63

5. APPLICABLE NIST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBORDERS 66

a. NIST S 7101.20: Work and Worker Authorization Based on Hazard Reviews 67

b. NIST S 7101.21: Personal Protective Equipment 69

c. NIST S 7101.22: Safety Signage, Symbols, and Markings (in development) 71

d. NIST S 7101.23: Safety Education and Training 73

e. NIST S 7101.55: Hearing Protection 75 https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910SubpartO https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9848 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9849 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9849 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9850 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9850 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9851 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9851 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=9777

NIST S 7101.65 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 3

f. NIST S 7101-56: Control of Hazardous Energy 76

g. NIST S 7101.58: Respiratory Protection 78

h. NIST S 7101.64: Electrical Safety (in development) 80

6. REQUIREMENTS 83

a. Hazard Reviews 84

(1) Hazard reviews shall be conducted in accordance with NIST S 7101.20: Work and 86

Worker Authorization Based on Hazard Reviews for the use of machines, power tools, 87 and associated equipment. 88

(2) The following should be developed for an individual machine, tool, or associated piece of 90 equipment: 91

(a) Standard operating procedure; 93

(b) Hands-on training; and 95

(c) Pre-use inspection checklist. 97

i. Pre-use inspection check lists, when determined to be appropriate, shall be 99 broad enough to ensure the following: 100

(i) The machine, power tool, or associated piece of equipment is in good 102 working order; 103

(ii) Adequate guards and other safety features are present; and 105

(iii) Any other manufacturer-required or recommended inspection and/or 107 maintenance schedule is followed. 108

(3) Hazard reviews shall consider whether either or both of the following is required: 110

(a) Prohibition of lone workers; or 112

(b) Prohibition of out-of-hours work. 114

NIST S 7101.65 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 4

(4) Hazard reviews shall identify engineering and/or administrative controls as necessary to 116 ensure only authorized users operate the machine, power tool, or associated piece of 117 equipment. 118

(5) Hazard reviews shall identify required PPE for operation. 120

(a) The following should be consulted when determining appropriate PPE: 122

i. Manufacturer’s instructions/literature; 124

ii. 29 CFR 1910.243 Subpart P 126

iii. OU division/group safety representative or equivalent; and 128

iv. OSHE (x5375, option 3). 130

(b) Multiple layers of PPE should be considered to protect the worker. An example of 132 this is a requirement to wear a face shield in addition to safety glasses with side 133 shields when the individual may be exposed to flying objects, fragments, or particles. 134

b. Machines, power tools, and associated equipment should be purchased with appropriate 136 guarding for all points of operation. Guarding shall be in compliance with 29 CFR 1910 137 Subpart O. If machines, power tools, and associated equipment are not purchased with 138 guarding as required, they must be brought into compliance by retrofits; and should be 139 inspected for adequacy and compliance prior to use. 140

c. The installation, maintenance and repair of machines, power tools, and associated equipment 142 shall: 143

(1) Be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations; and 145

(2) Ensure that all electrical disconnects are properly labeled. 147

d. Usage 149

(1) When required per the hazard review, a pre-use inspection shall be conducted on 151 machines, power tools, and associated equipment. 152

(a) Only those machines, power tools, and associated equipment passing inspection shall 154 be used. 155

NIST S 7101.65 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 5

(b) If a machine, power tool, or associated piece of equipment fails an inspection, it shall 156 be tagged “Out of Service” and not used until the deficiency is corrected. 157

(2) When applicable, machines, power tools, and associated equipment shall be operated per 159 standard operating procedures. 160

(3) Required PPE shall be worn as indicated by the hazard review or standard operating 162 procedure. 163

(4) If a hazardous situation is encountered during use: 165

(a) Work shall immediately stop; and 167

(b) The hazardous situation shall be immediately brought to the attention of the proper 169 individual for hazard abatement. 170

(5) Upon completion of work, the work area shall be cleaned. 172

e. OU workspaces with multiple pieces of machines, power tools, and associated equipment 174 (e.g., machine shops) shall be managed to ensure: 175

(1) Machines, power tools and associated equipment are maintained in a safe working 177 condition; 178

(a) They meet the design requirements of Subparts O and P, where applicable. 180

(b) They are maintained in a safe working condition. 182

(2) Access is limited to individuals who are authorized to access the workspace, are escorted 184 by authorized personnel, are otherwise protected as necessary to ensure their safety 185

(a) Signs, barriers, and/or caution tape may be used to define a limited access area if the 187 above access controls are not feasible. 188

(2) Machines, power tools, and associated equipment are operated only by authorized users; 190

(3) Requirements are met for both individual and a collective grouping of machines, power 192 tools, and associated equipment located in the space; and 193

(4) Housekeeping is maintained. 195

NIST S 7101.65 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 6

f. Training 196

(1) Training shall be provided, documented, and recorded in accordance with the 198 requirements of the NIST S 7101.23: Safety Education and Training. 199

(2) Employees and covered associates who are to engage in work involving machines, power 201 tools, and associated equipment at NIST shall complete: 202

(a) The training provided by OSHE on this program; and 204

(b) The activity-specific training, provided by their Organizational Units, required by 206 applicable hazard reviews. 207

7. DEFINITIONS 210

Definitions common to all NIST OSH suborders can be found in Section 6 of NIST O 7101.00: 211 Occupational Safety and Health Management System. The definitions specific to this suborder 212 are as follows: 213

a. Additive Manufacturing – The use of computer-aided-design software to create a physical 215 object by directing hardware (e.g., 3-D printer) to deposit material, layer upon layer, in 216 precise geometric shapes. 217

b. Associated Equipment – Equipment used in conjunction with machines and power tools. 219 Examples include hydraulic pumps, air compressors, generators, and hoses. 220

c. Guard – A device that prevents the machine operator or others from being exposed to a 222 hazard. 223

d. Hand Tools – Tools that are powered manually. 225

e. Guarding – A means of protecting an operator and/or others in the area from hazards 227 associated with a machine, power tool, and/or associated piece of equipment. 228

f. Machine Shop – A workspace where a collective grouping of machines, power tools, and 230 associated equipment are located. 231

g. Machine – Any large piece of equipment used in shaping materials such as metal, wood or 233 plastics, and additive or subtractive manufacturing. 234

NIST S 7101.65 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 7

h. Machinery – A collection or assemblage of machines. 236

i. Power Tools – Smaller than machines, equipment that is typically hand held and actuated by 238 an additional power source (e.g., electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, powder-actuated) or 239 mechanism other than the solely manual labor used with hand tools. They are used in 240 various processes in which a piece of material is formed into a desired shape and size by a 241 controlled material-removal process such as cutting, shaping, drilling, finishing. Examples 242 include drills, grinders, and saws. 243

j. Subtractive Manufacturing – A process in which a piece of raw material is formed into a 245 desired shape and size by a controlled material-removal process (e.g., cutting, shaping, 246 drilling, finishing) 247

8. ACRONYMS 250

Acronyms common to all NIST OSH suborders can be found in Section 7 of NIST O 7101.00: 251 Occupational Safety and Health Management System. The acronyms specific to this suborder 252 are as follows: 253

a. CFR – Code of Federal Regulations 254

b. NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology 256

c. OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration 258

d. OSHE – Office of Safety, Health, and Environment 260

e. OU – Organizational Unit 262

f. PPE – Personal Protective Equipment 264

9. RESPONSIBILITIES 267

Roles and responsibilities common to all NIST OSH suborders can be found in Section 8 of NIST 268 O 7101.00: Occupational Safety and Health Management System. The roles and responsibilities 269 specific to this suborder are as follows: 270

a. OU Directors are responsible for: 272

(1) Establishing policies and procedures, as needed, for the requirements of this program to 274 be met as they apply to their employees and covered associates and to machines, power 275

NIST S 7101.65 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 8 tools, and associated equipment in their OU-assigned space and ensuring that those 276 policies and procedures are implemented; and 277

(2) Ensuring subordinate managers have the authority, resources, and training needed to 279 implement OU-established policies and procedures. 280

b. Line managers are responsible for: 282

(1) Ensuring those using machines, power tools, and associated equipment assigned to their 284 organization are authorized to do so; 285

(2) Ensuring required PPE is available for use; and 287

(3) Ensuring maintenance and repairs are properly performed. 289

c. Employees and Covered Associates to Whom This Suborder Applies are responsible for: 291

(1) Using only machines, power tools, and associated equipment they are authorized to use; 293 and 294

(2) Using machines, power tools, and associated equipment in accordance with the 296 requirements of this suborder. 297

10. AUTHORITIES 300

There are no authorities specific to this suborder alone. For authorities applicable to all NIST 301 OSH suborders, see section 9 of NIST O 7101.00: Occupational Safety and Health 302 Management System. 303

11. DIRECTIVE OWNER 306

Chief Safety Officer 307

12. APPENDICES 310

A. Revision History 311

NIST S 7101.65 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 9

Appendix A. Revision History 313

Revision No.

Approval Date

Deployment Start Date

Effective Date Brief Description of Change; Rationale

0 04/04/19 3/24/21 9/30/23

• None – Initial document

• Deployment and Effective Dates added on

4/17/23. (Effective date was previously TBD due to COVID-19 pandemic emergency.)