FINAL---NIST S 7101-21_Personal Protective Equipment_062023.pdf

NIST S 7101.21, Ver. 7 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 1 of 21

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 3

NIST S 7101.21 5

Approval Date: 06/20/2023 6 Effective Date:1 04/01/2020 7

1. PURPOSE 10

This suborder establishes the safety requirements for personal protective equipment (PPE) 11 necessary to protect NIST employees and covered associates from exposure to hazardous 12 chemical, mechanical, biological, and other hazards at NIST. These are baseline 13 requirements established by NIST. An OU may institute more stringent requirements for 14 employees, associates, or visitors to their work areas. These additional OU-specific 15 requirements are not included in this NIST-level document. 16

2. BACKGROUND 19

a. The PPE suborder supports the implementation of NIST S 7101.20: Work and Worker 20

Authorization Based on Hazard Reviews (“Hazard Review”) when it is determined through 21 the hazard-review process that PPE is necessary to protect the safety and health of employees 22 and covered associates. 23

b. NIST must meet or exceed the requirements established by the Occupational Safety and 25 Health Administration (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910.132, Personal Protective Equipment – 26 General Requirements. 27

(1) NIST has integrated the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.132(d), Hazard Assessment and 29

Equipment Selection, and 29 CFR 1910.132(f), Training, into the Hazard Review 30 suborder and fulfills those requirements through the implementation of that suborder. 31

(2) NIST fulfills the remaining requirements of 29 CFR 1910.132 through the 33 implementation of this suborder in conjunction with the Hazard Review suborder. 34

c. NIST must meet or exceed the requirements established by OSHA in the following 36 standards: 37

1 For revision history, see Appendix A.

https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=9777 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=9777

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(1) 29 CFR 1910.133, Eye and Face Protection; 38

(2) 29 CFR 1910.135, Head Protection; 40

(3) 29 CFR 1910.136, Foot Protection; 42

(4) 29 CFR 1910. 137, Electrical Protective Equipment; 44

(5) 29 CFR 1910.138, Hand Protection; 46

(6) 29 CFR 1926.95, Criteria for Personal Protective Equipment; 48

(7) 29 CFR 1926.96, Occupational Foot Protection. 50

(8) 29 CFR 1926.100, Head Protection; and 52

(9) 29 CFR 1926.102, Eye and Face Protection; 54 NIST fulfills these requirements through the implementation of this suborder in conjunction 56 with the Hazard Review suborder. 57

d. NIST must meet or exceed the requirements established by OSHA in 29 CFR 1910.134, 59 Respiratory Protection. NIST fulfills those requirements through the implementation of the 60 Respiratory Protection suborder in conjunction with the Hazard Review suborder. 61

e. NIST must meet or exceed the requirements established by OSHA in 29 CFR 1910.95, 63 Occupational Noise Exposure and 29 CFR 1926.101, Hearing Protection. NIST fulfills those 64 requirements through the implementation of the Hearing Protection suborder in conjunction 65 with the Hazard Review suborder. 66

f. This suborder supersedes the following NIST Health and Safety Instructions (HSIs): 68

(1) HSI 11, Eye Protection Program, December 2004; and 70

(2) HSI 12, Foot Protection, September 1999. 72

3. APPLICABILITY 75

The provisions of this suborder apply to all NIST employees and covered associates engaged 76 in activities in which they are required to, or voluntarily, use PPE. 77 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9778 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9785 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9786 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9787 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9788 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10658 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10659 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10663 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10665 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=12716 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9735 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10664

NIST S 7101.21, Ver. 7 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 3 of 21

4. REFERENCES 78

a. 29 CFR 1910.95, Occupational Noise Exposure 79

b. 29 CFR 1910.132, General Requirements; 81

c. 29 CFR 1910.133, Eye and Face Protection; 83

d. 29 CFR 1910.134, Respiratory Protection; 85

e. 29 CFR 1910.135, Head Protection; 87

f. 29 CFR 1910.136, Foot Protection; 89

g. 29 CFR 1910. 137, Electrical Protective Equipment; 91

h. 29 CFR 1910.138, Hand Protection; 93

i. 29 CFR 1926.95, Criteria for Personal Protective Equipment; 95

j. 29 CFR 1926.96, Occupational Foot Protection; 97

k. 29 CFR 1926.100, Head Protection; 99

l. 29 CFR 1926.101, Hearing Protection; 101

m. 29 CFR 1926.102, Eye and Face Protection; 103

n. American National Standard, Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, ANSI 105

Z87.1-1989 (or more recent version); 106

o. American National Standard, Head Protection, ANSI Z89.1-1986 (or more recent version); 108

p. American National Standard, Anti-Vibration Gloves, ANSI S3.40 - 2002 / EN ISO 10819 (or 110 more recent version); 111

q. American National Standard, Foot Protection, ANSI Z41.1-1991 (or more recent version); 113

r. ASTM International, Standard Specification for Performance Requirements for Foot 115

Protection, ASTM F2413-18 (or more recent version). 116 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9735 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=9777 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9778 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=12716 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9785 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9786 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9787 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9788 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10658 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10659 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10663 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10664 https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10665

NIST S 7101.21, Ver. 7 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 4 of 21

5. APPLICABLE NIST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SUBORDERS 118

a. NIST S 7101.20: Work and Worker Authorization Based on Hazard Reviews 119

b. NIST S 7101.50: Biosafety 121

c. NIST S 7101.51: Bloodborne Pathogens 123

d. NIST S 7101.52: Cryogen Safety 125

e. NIST S 7101.54: Dispersible Engineered Nanomaterials (DENMs) 127

f. NIST S 7101.55: Hearing Protection 129

g. NIST S 7101.58: Respiratory Protection 131

h. NIST S 7101.60: Chemical Management 133

i. NIST S 7101.61: Compressed Gases Safety 135

j. NIST S 7101.64: Electrical Safety (in development) 137

k. NIST S 7101.65: Machines, Power Tools, and Associated Equipment Safety 139

l. NIST S 7101.67: Fall Protection 141

m. NIST S 7101.72: Laser Safety 143

6. REQUIREMENTS 146

a. Selection of Appropriate PPE 147

(1) Identification of appropriate PPE for an activity shall be part of a risk assessment 149 methodology, e.g., hazard review or job hazard analysis.2 150

(a) PPE shall be reconsidered during any re-review and re-approval of a hazard review or 152 job hazard analysis. 153

2 The PPE Assessment Form (located on the PPE Program’s Tools webpage) may be used when conducting this assessment.

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(2) When conducting a risk assessment activity, all other controls (e.g., engineering, 155 administrative, good work practices, etc.) shall be considered first to feasibly eliminate or 156 reduce the need for PPE to the greatest extent. 157

(a) PPE shall not be used as a substitute for other control measures or good work 159 practices. 160

(3) The use of selected PPE shall not create greater risks than those its use is intended to 162 mitigate. 163

(4) Selected PPE shall be of safe design and construction for the work to be performed. 165

(5) Safety Program Specific PPE Requirements 167

The following safety programs have specific PPE requirements: 168

(a) NIST S 7101.50: Biosafety; 170

(b) NIST S 7101.51: Bloodborne Pathogens; 172

(c) NIST S 7101.52: Cryogen Safety; 174

(d) NIST S 7101.54: Dispersible Engineered Nanomaterials (DENMs); 176

(e) NIST S 7101.55: Hearing Protection; 178

(f) NIST S 7101.58: Respiratory Protection; 180

(g) NIST S 7101.60: Chemical Management; 182

(h) NIST S 7101.61: Compressed Gas Safety; 184

(i) NIST S 7101.65: Machines, Power Tools, and Associated Equipment Safety; 186

(j) NIST S 7101.64: Electrical Safety; 188

(k) NIST S 7101.67: Fall Protection; and 190

(l) NIST S 7101 72: Laser Safety. 192

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Please consult the relevant OSHE Safety Program Manager(s) or review the relevant 194 suborder(s) for PPE requirements. 195

(6) General PPE Requirements for Body Parts 197

(a) Eye and Face Protection 199

i. Eye and face protection3 shall meet the requirements of ANSI Z87.1. 201

ii. For potential flying-object hazards – Eye protection shall include side-203 protection. When detachable side protectors are employed, the combination of 204 glasses and side protectors must be ANSI Z87.1 compliant.4 205

iii. For potential severe exposure to chemical splash hazards, flying fragments or 207 objects, hot sparks from furnace operations, potential splash from molten 208 metal, or extreme temperatures – A face shield in combination with primary 209 safety eyewear, i.e., goggles or safety glasses with side shields, shall be worn. 210

iv. For potential exposure to light radiation other than laser light,5 filter lenses 212 that have a shade number appropriate for the work being performed shall be 213 worn; tinted and shaded lenses are not filter lenses unless they are marked or 214 identified as such. 215

v. Prescription lenses, when used as, or in conjunction with, safety eyewear, 217 must: 218

(i) Incorporate the prescription into safety eyewear meeting the 220 requirements of ANSI Z87.16; or 221

(ii) Be worn under ANSI Z87.1 safety eyewear without disturbing the 223 proper position of the prescription lenses or the safety eyewear. 224

(b) Head Protection 226

i. Head protection shall meet the requirements of ANSI Z89.1. 228

3 ANSI Z87.1 does not apply to hazards related to X-rays, gamma rays, high-energy particulate radiation, microwaves, radio-frequency radiation, or work with lasers and masers. Information on PPE required for work involving these hazards is available in other OSH programs.

4 Uncertified prescription or non-prescription glasses are not acceptable when eye protection is required.

5 For protection from laser light, refer to Health and Safety Instruction 13, Laser Safety.

6 Form NIST 293S shall be used to request prescription safety eyewear through NIST.

https://nistsafety.nist.gov/Programs/Programs/View/23

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ii. Head protection shall be worn in designated areas where there is a potential 229 for: 230

(i) A head injury caused by falling objects or impact; or 232

(ii) Electrical shock due to working near exposed electrical conductors 234 that could come in contact with the head. 235

iii. If head protection is required to be worn by those working above other work 237 levels, chinstraps designed to prevent them from being bumped off the 238 worker’s head should be utilized. Chinstraps shall not be so strong as to 239 present a strangulation hazard. 240

iv. Bump caps may be used when head protection is not required but a worker 242 may be exposed to minor head bumps or laceration hazards. Bump caps are 243 not approved for use where impact protection is required. 244

(c) Foot Protection 246

i. Foot protection7 meeting the requirements of ASTM F-2413-18 must be worn 248 when working in areas where there is a danger of foot injury due to hazards 249 such as falling or rolling objects, objects piercing the sole, or electrical 250 hazards. 251

ii. Shoes resistant to permeation shall be worn at all times in spaces where there 253 is a reasonable likelihood that feet could be exposed to chemicals or materials 254 hazardous to the feet, e.g., toxic chemicals, strong acids or bases, or 255 biohazardous materials. 256

iii. Perforated shoes, open-toed shoes, sandals, and cloth sneakers shall not be 258 worn in work areas when a more substantial barrier is required to protect 259 workers from surrounding hazards. 260

iv. Chemical resistant overshoes or boots may be used to avoid possible 262 exposures to corrosive chemicals or large quantities of solvents or solutions 263 that might penetrate normal footwear, e.g., during spill cleanup. 264

v. Workers who, for medical reasons, cannot wear required safety shoes, must, 266 upon request, furnish a letter to their supervisor from their physician stating 267

7 Form NIST 395 shall be used to request protective footwear through NIST.

NIST S 7101.21, Ver. 7 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 8 of 21 the medical reasons and the anticipated duration of the medical condition. 268 Appropriate accommodations shall be provided. 269

(d) Hand Protection 271

i. Hand protection should be worn when there is the potential for a hand injury 273 from chemical, biological, cutting, piercing, electrical, or other hazards. 274

(i) Use of hand protection shall only be excluded as a result of a risk 276 assessment methodology (e.g., hazard review, job hazard analysis). 277 Specific activities where this may be applicable include, but are not 278 limited to: 279

[i] Working with machines such as lathes and drill presses; or 281 [ii] Working with cryogenic liquids. 283

ii. When working with harmful substances that can be absorbed through the skin 285 or that can cause skin irritation, chemical burns, or similar conditions, the 286 following should be considered as part of the risk assessment methodology: 287

(i) Consulting the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or other product information; 289 and 290

(ii) Reviewing the manufacturer’s glove selection guide.89 292

(e) Body Protection 294

i. Body protection shall be provided for workers who may be exposed to bodily 296 injury from hazards including, but not limited to: 297

(i) Exposure to intense heat or cold (excluding cold weather clothing, 299 which is not covered by this suborder); 300

(ii) Splashes of very cold or very hot metals or liquids; 302

(iii) Impacts from tools, machinery, or materials; 304

8 When selecting chemical resistant gloves, consider their performance needs, condition and duration of use, hazards, glove thickness, and permeation rate.

9 An example of a glove selection guide is the Ansell Chemical Resistance Guide.

https://oshe.nist.gov/apps/docs/programs/Documents/Ansell%207th%20Edition%20Chemical%20Resistance%20Guide.pdfhttps:/oshe.nist.gov/apps/docs/programs/Documents/Ansell%207th%20Edition%20Chemical%20Resistance%20Guide.pdf

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(iv) Contact with equipment that could result in cuts or abrasion; 305

(v) Exposure to hazardous chemicals; 307

(vi) Contact with potentially infectious materials; and 309

(vii) Exposure to electrical arc hazards. 311

ii. Consideration should also be given to garments worn underneath PPE to help 313 provide additional protection against chemical contamination, e.g., wearing a 314 “T” shirt instead of a tank top or jeans without large holes when working with 315 chemicals, wearing clothes made of cotton instead of polyester when working 316 with flames or there is danger of fire/explosion, etc. 317

iii. High-visibility safety apparel, meeting the requirements of ISEA/ANSI 107, 319 shall be worn by workers exposed to the hazards of moving roadway traffic or 320 construction equipment. 321

b. Use of PPE 323

(1) PPE should be distributed for individual use whenever practical. 325

(2) Single-use PPE (e.g., disposable nitrile gloves) shall not be reused. 327

(3) PPE shall not be shared among employees and covered associates until it has been 329 properly cleaned and sanitized as necessary based on the type of PPE. 330

(4) Individuals required to wear PPE shall demonstrate an understanding of the following 332 prior to first use of the PPE: 333

(a) Steps to properly inspect PPE (please see Section 6.c); 335

(b) Proper donning of PPE; 337

(c) Proper doffing of PPE; 339

(d) Steps to properly maintain PPE; 341

(e) Steps to properly store PPE; and 343

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(f) Steps to properly dispose of contaminated PPE. 345

(5) Prior to each use, PPE shall be inspected (please see Section 6.c). 347

(6) PPE shall be worn properly at times required by the hazard review or job hazard analysis. 349

(7) PPE that is contaminated or suspected of being contaminated with hazardous substances 351 (chemical, biohazardous, or DENMs) shall not be worn outside of the work area or 352 laboratory (see Section 6.e for proper disposal procedures). 353

c. Inspection 355

(1) PPE shall be inspected according to manufacturer’s instructions for signs that the 357 integrity of the PPE may be compromised. Examples include, but are not limited to: 358

(a) Defects; 360

(b) Damage; 362

(c) Wear; 364

(d) Contamination; and 366

(e) Expiration date. 368

(2) PPE showing signs that the integrity of the PPE may be compromised shall: 370

(a) Not be used; and 372

(b) Disposed of according to proper procedures. 374

(3) Contaminated PPE that does not show signs of compromised integrity may be reused if it 376 can be appropriately decontaminated. 377

(a) Single-use PPE shall not be reused under any condition. 379

d. Care, Maintenance, and Storage of PPE 381

(1) PPE shall be cleaned, maintained, and stored in accordance with manufacturers’ 383 instructions. 384

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e. Disposal of PPE 385

(1) PPE contaminated with a chemical regulated as a hazardous waste as defined in 40 CFR 387 261 shall be disposed as hazardous waste. Please see Appendix B for examples, with 388 exceptions for evaporated solvents as indicated below in Section 6.e(1)(b). 389

(a) Chemical-contaminated PPE shall be: 391

i. Contained in a sealable plastic bag or other appropriate/compatible container; 393 and 394

ii. Labeled as hazardous waste indicating the contaminants to which the PPE has 396 been exposed. 397

(b) PPE exposed to solvents that evaporate from the PPE during use or immediately 399 following use may be placed in the regular trash. Examples include: 400

i. Acetone; 402

ii. Cyclohexanol; 403

iii. Ethyl Acetate; 404

iv. Ethyl Benzene; 405

v. Ethyl Ether; 406

vi. Methanol; 407

vii. Methyl Isobutyl Ketone; 408

viii. N-Butyl Alcohol (2-Butanol); 409

ix. Xylene; 410

x. Ethanol; and 411

xi. Isopropanol. 412

No saturated materials or free liquid may be placed in the trash. 414

(2) PPE contaminated with DENMs shall be disposed as hazardous waste. 416

(a) DENMs-contaminated PPE shall be: 418

i. Contained in a sealable plastic bag or other appropriate/compatible container; 420 and 421

ii. Labeled as hazardous waste indicating the contaminants to which the PPE has 423 been exposed. 424

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(3) PPE contaminated with a biohazardous material shall be disposed as biohazardous waste 425 as per the requirements of NIST S 7101.50: Biosafety and NIST S 7101.51: Bloodborne 426 Pathogens. 427

(a) PPE generated from janitorial activities are not collected as biohazardous waste 429 unless the PPE is contaminated with visible blood or due to the known or suspected 430 presence of an infectious agent capable of causing disease. 431

(4) PPE exposed to gases or cryogens may be disposed in regular trash. 433

(5) PPE which has no known or suspected exposure to hazardous chemicals, biohazardous 435 materials, or DENMs may be disposed with regular trash. 436

f. Training 438

(1) Training shall be provided, documented, and recorded in accordance with the 440 requirements of NIST S 7101.23: Safety Education and Training. 441

(2) Employees and covered associates who are to engage in activities in which they use PPE 443 shall complete: 444

(a) The training provided by OSHE on the PPE program; and 446

(b) The activity-specific training, provided by the OUs, required by applicable hazard 448 reviews. 449

(3) Official First-Level Supervisors of employees and covered associates engaged in 451 activities in which they use PPE shall complete the training provided by OSHE on the 452 PPE program. 453

(4) Retraining 455

(a) Employees and covered associates who have already been trained shall complete 457 retraining identified by the OUs whenever there is reason to believe that employees or 458 covered associates do not have the understanding and skill necessary to use, care for, 459 maintain, and dispose of PPE properly. Circumstances where retraining is required 460 include, but are not limited to: 461

i. Changes in the assigned responsibilities or duties, workplace, process, 463 hazards, or the type of PPE to be used, render previous training obsolete; or 464

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ii. Inadequacies in an employee's or associate’s knowledge or use of assigned 465 PPE indicate that the employee or associate has not retained the necessary 466 understanding or skill. 467

g. Payment for Personal Protective Equipment 469

(1) PPE used to comply with the requirements of this and other applicable OSH suborders 471 shall be provided by the OUs at no cost to employees or covered associates.10,11 472

(a) OUs are not obligated to, but may, provide the following items to NIST employees 474 and covered associates if the items are required by an approved hazard review and 475 acquired in accordance with federal acquisition regulations: 476

i. Everyday clothing, such as long-sleeve shirts, long pants, street shoes, and normal 478 work shoes or boots; 479

ii. Weather-protection gear such as winter coats, jackets, gloves, parkas, rubber 481 boots, hats, raincoats, and ordinary sunglasses; and 482

iii. Protective skin creams, including sunscreen; insect repellent; and similar items. 484

(2) Replacement PPE shall be provided by the OUs at no cost to employees and covered 486 associates except when employees or covered associates have lost or intentionally 487 damaged the PPE. 488

(3) NIST may use appropriated funds to purchase individual-specific PPE (see definition in 490 Section 7) for NIST employees under the following conditions: 491

(a) The individual-specific PPE must be special and not part of the ordinary and usual 493 furnishings an employee may reasonably be expected to provide for themselves; 494

(b) The provision of individual-specific PPE, as opposed to available generic PPE 496 alternatives to individual-specific PPE, must be for the benefit of the government; and 497

10 This obligation only requires payment for PPE. It does not require payment for uniforms, caps, or other clothing worn solely to identify a person as an employee or associate. This obligation does not require payment for items worn to keep employees and covered associates clean for purposes unrelated to safety or health, e.g., coveralls, aprons, or other apparel when worn solely to prevent clothing or skin from becoming soiled, or clothing that is personal in nature and is worn as much off the job as on the job.

11 Employees covered under collective bargaining agreements may have negotiated payment for specific PPE. This suborder does not override those agreements.

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(c) The employee must be engaged in hazardous duty. 499 Any individual-specific PPE purchased by NIST for employees is and remains the 501 property of the government, not the employees. 502

(4) NIST may not use appropriated funds to purchase individual-specific PPE for any 504 individual who is not a NIST employee. 505

(5) NIST may provide generic PPE for covered associates. This is PPE which can be worn 507 by anyone and must either remain at NIST or be disposable. Examples of generic PPE12 508 include, but are not limited to: 509

(a) Hard hats; 511

(b) Non-prescription safety glasses, safety goggles, laser safety glasses, and face shields; 513

(c) Ear plugs or earmuffs; 515

(d) Disposable dust masks and N95 respirators for voluntary use; 517

(e) Lab jackets; 519

(f) Disposable gloves (e.g., neoprene or nitrile), insulated gloves for handling cryogens, 521 and leather work gloves; and 522

(g) OSHA toes shoe covers. 524

7. DEFINITIONS 527

a. Appropriated Funds – Funds made available to a Federal agency as a result of an act of 528

Congress that permits the agency to incur obligations and to make payments out of the U.S. 529 Department of the Treasury for specified purposes. 530

b. Biohazardous Material – A biological material or agent that presents potential risk to the 532 health of humans or other organisms either directly through infection or indirectly through 533 damage to the environment. Biohazards include, but are not limited to, bacteria; fungi; 534 viruses; parasites; rickettsia; biological toxins; prions; non-human mammalian cell lines and 535 tissues; human specimens such as human blood, serum, plasma, blood products, primary and 536 continuous human cell lines, unfixed human tissues, fecal materials, semen, vaginal 537

12 Please contact OSHE with additional questions related to what constitutes generic PPE.

NIST S 7101.21, Ver. 7 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 15 of 21 secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, 538 amniotic fluid, saliva, tears, sweat, breast milk, and urine; and recombinant DNA materials 539 such as inserts or vectors that are known to express toxins, oncogenes, and/or virulent 540 factors. 541

Non-toxic proteins and commercially available enzymes, cell culture medium and 543 supplements, reagents such as monoclonal antibodies, and random DNA base pairs are not 544 considered biohazards. 545

c. Bump Caps – Head protection voluntarily worn to reduce exposure to lacerations and 547 abrasions caused by minor bumps to the head. 548

d. Hazardous Waste – Waste with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having a 550 harmful effect on human health or the environment. 551 Hazardous wastes are defined under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 553 Regulations in 40 CFR 261 where they are divided into two major categories: characteristic 554 wastes and listed wastes. 555 Characteristic hazardous wastes are materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or more 557 of the following four hazardous traits: 558

(1) Ignitability; 560

(2) Reactivity; 561

(3) Corrosivity; and 562

(4) Toxicity. 563

Listed hazardous wastes are materials specifically listed by regulatory authorities and include 565 discarded chemical products. 566 For general laboratory chemicals, assume they will be hazardous wastes when disposed 568 unless you have specific information from an SDS or other resource that confirms that a 569 chemical is non-hazardous. Contact NIST OSHE (x5375, option 3) with any questions 570 (examples of hazardous wastes are included in Appendix B). 571

e. DENMS – Intentionally-produced materials with one or more dimensions between 573 approximately 1 nanometer (nm) and 100 nm that can be dispersed into (or onto) liquid or 574 solid compounds or aerosolized (suspended in a gas). 575

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f. Employee – An individual employed by NIST who has been issued a NIST employee 577 badge.13 578

g. Generic PPE – PPE not dedicated or designed solely for the use of a single individual, 580 including, but not limited to, latex gloves; lab coats or jackets; non-prescription safety 581 eyewear, including safety eyewear to be worn over prescription eyewear; disposable ear 582 plugs; ear muffs; and disposable coveralls. 583

h. Individual-specific PPE – PPE designed solely for the use of a single individual, including, 585 but not limited to, prescription eyewear, custom-fitted safety shoes, and custom-designed 586 fitted ear plugs. 587

i. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – Protective equipment used to reduce an individual’s 589 exposure to hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or 590 effective on their own in reducing exposures to acceptable levels. 591

8. ACRONYMS 594

a. ANSI – American National Standards Institute 595

b. CFR – Code of Federal Regulations 597

c. OSH – Occupational Safety and Health 599

d. OSHE – Office of Safety, Health, and Environment 601

e. OU – Organizational Unit 603

f. PPE – Personal Protective Equipment 605

g. SDS – Safety Data Sheet 607

13 Technically, a “NIST employee” is defined as follows: The NIST Director or an individual who is (a) appointed in the civil service by an employee acting in an official capacity, (b) engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act, and (c) subject to the supervision of the NIST Director or an individual named by paragraph (a) while engaged in the performance of the duties of his position (see 5 U.S. Code § 2105).

NIST S 7101.21, Ver. 7 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 17 of 21

9. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 613

a. Employees and Covered Associates Engaged in Activities in which They Are Required to, or 614

Voluntarily, Use PPE: 615

(1) Complete the training specified in Section 6.f as assigned to them by their Official First-617

Level Supervisors; 618

(2) Use, inspect, clean, maintain, and dispose of the PPE provided to them, or that they own, 620 in accordance with the requirements in Section 6.b, 6.c, 6.d, and 6.e, as applicable, and 621 their training; and 622

(3) Request additional training as duties change or as otherwise needed. 624

b. First-Level Supervisors of Employees and Covered Associates Engaged in Activities in 626 which They Are Required to, or Voluntarily, Use PPE: 627

(1) Ensure that affected employees and covered associates they supervise are provided with, 629 or own, the PPE necessary to comply with the requirements of this and other applicable 630 OSH suborders, at no cost to affected employees and covered associates; 631

(2) Assign training to the affected employees and covered associates they supervise in 632 accordance with the requirements in Section 6.f and do so when: 633

(a) Employees and covered associates enter on duty; 635

(b) Employees’ or covered associates’ duties change; and 637

(c) Special circumstances arise such as those indicated in Section 6.f(4)(a); 639

(3) Ensure that the training specified in Sections 6.f(2)(b) and 6.f(4)(a) is documented and 641 recorded in accordance with OU procedures; 642

(4) Complete the training specified in Section 6.f(3) for Official First-Level Supervisors, and 644

(5) Ensure that an individual knows how to properly inspect, use, and dispose of PPE prior to 646 first use. 647

c. OSHE PPE Program Manager: 649

(1) Ensure that training on the PPE program is available and meets the format, content, and 651 documentation requirements of the Safety Education and Training suborder. 652

NIST S 7101.21, Ver. 7 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 18 of 21

10. AUTHORITIES 653

a. First-Level Supervisors of Employees and Covered Associates Engaged in Activities in 654 which They Are Required to Use PPE: 655

(1) Approve, or disapprove, requests to purchase individual-specific PPE when the 657 conditions specified in Section 6.g(3) are satisfied. 658

11. DIRECTIVE OWNER 661

Chief Safety Officer 662

12. APPENDICES 665

A. Revision History 666 B. Examples of chemicals regulated as hazardous waste per 40 CFR 261. 668

NIST S 7101.21, Ver. 7 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 19 of 21

Appendix A. Revision History 670

Version No.

Approval Date

Effective Date Brief Description of Change; Rationale

1 04/29/14 04/01/15 None – Initial document

2 11/13/15 11/13/15

• Made suborder applicable to “associates”.

• Revised Section 6d(1)(a) from “The following protective equipment is excepted from this requirement” to “OUs are not obligated to, but may, provide the following items to NIST employees and associates if the items are required by an approved hazard review and acquired in accordance with federal acquisition regulations.” This change allows OFPM to purchase, in accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation, sunscreen and similar items for workers whose jobs warrant them.

3 08/14/18 04/01/20

• Globally revised document specifying “covered” associates.

• Revised Section 5 to include specific NIST suborders that are applicable.

• Revised and reorganized Section 6 to address the following:

− PPE shall be part of the hazard review and re-review processes;

− PPE shall be considered only after all other appropriate control measures are implemented;

− Suborders that have specific PPE requirements are identified;

− PPE shall be worn appropriately during identified times;

− PPE shall be inspected; and − Contaminated and non-contaminated PPE shall be disposed appropriately.

• Revised Section 7 to include new definitions found in the revised Section 6.

• Added Appendix B.

NIST S 7101.21, Ver. 7 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 20 of 21

Appendix A. Revision History (continued) 680

Version No.

Approval Date

Effective Date Brief Description of Change; Rationale

4 06/19/19 04/01/20

• Revised Section 6 to indicate that high-visibility safety apparel, meeting the requirements of ISEA/ANSI 107, shall be worn by workers exposed to the hazards of moving roadway traffic or construction equipment.

5 01/04/2021 01/04/2021 • Modified reference in two places from “ASTM F2413- 2005” to “ASTM F2413-18”.

6 01/5/21 01/05/21 • Updated suborder links.

7 06/20/23 06/20/23 • Section 6.g(5) was added to clearly indicate what generic PPE can be provided to associates.

NIST S 7101.21, Ver. 7 (Uncontrolled Copy in Print) Page 21 of 21

Appendix B 684 Examples of chemicals regulated as hazardous waste per 40 CFR 261. 685

• Halogenated hydrocarbon, such as Trichloroethylene, Dichloromethane, Chloroform, 687

Chlorobenzene, and Tetrachloroethylene. 688

• Non-halogenated hydrocarbons, such as Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone, 689

Cyclohexane, Acetonitrile, Toluene, Benzene, and Tetrahydrofuran. 690

• Inorganic Acids (concentrated, dilute and in mixtures) including Hydrochloric, 691

Sulfuric, Hydrofluoric, Nitric, Perchloric, and Chromic. 692

• Inorganic Bases (concentrated, dilute and in mixtures), including Ammonium 693

Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide. 694

• Organic Bases, including Aniline and Dimethylamine. 695

• Organic acids, including Acetic and Formic acid. 696

• Heavy Metals including Lead, Cadmium, Sodium and Potassium. 697

• Mercury contaminated materials including broken mercury thermometers, 698 emptied mercury contaminated bottles, vacuum lines, glassware, manometers, 699 barometers, mercury light bulbs, mercury switches, mercury thermostats and 700 mercury electrical apparatus. 701

• Oxidizers including Ammonium Nitrate, Calcium Hypochlorite, Hydrogen Peroxide. 702

• Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including PCB fluorescent lighting ballasts, PCB 703 containing chemicals, PCB contaminated transformer oils, PCB contaminated 704 solvents, and PCB contaminated debris. 705

• Degreasing solutions including, 1, 1, 1-Trichloroethene and mineral spirits. 706

• Paint shop wastes, including mixtures of paint (water based, alcohol, or oil-based 707 paints) with varsol, paint thinners, or paint strippers. 708

• Electroplating wastes including Cobalt (II) chloride, Cobalt (II) sulfate, Chromium 709

(II) chloride, Phosphoric acid, Boric acid, Nickel sulfamate, and Tin Fluoroborate. 710

• Pesticides – herbicides, insecticides, fungicides. 711