D1784.pdf

Designation: D 1784 – 08

Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds1

This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1784; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope*

1.1 This specification covers rigid PVC and CPVC com-

pounds intended for general purpose use in extruded or molded form, including piping applications involving special chemical and acid resistance or heat resistance, composed of poly(vinyl chloride), chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), or vinyl chloride copolymers containing at least 80 % vinyl chloride, and the necessary compounding ingredients. The compounding ingre-dients shall be permitted to consist of lubricants, stabilizers, non-poly(vinyl chloride) resin modifiers, pigments, and inor-ganic fillers.

NOTE 1—Selection of specific compounds for particular end uses or applications requires consideration of other characteristics such as thermal properties, optical properties, weather resistance, etc. Specific require-ments and test methods for these properties shall be by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller.

NOTE 2—The list of compounding ingredients in 1.1 is not meant to be an exhaustive list of allowable compound ingredients. In addition to the compounding ingredients listed, others may also be used. The list of compounding ingredients in 1.1 does not imply that every ingredient listed is a required ingredient. Some compounds may not contain all the ingredients listed in 1.1.

1.2 The requirements in this specification are intended for

the quality control of compounds used to manufacture finished products. These properties are based on data obtained using standard test specimens tested under specified conditions. They are not directly applicable to finished products. See the applicable ASTM standards for requirements for finished products .

1.3 Rigid PVC compounds intended for pipe, fittings, and

other piping appurtenances are covered in Specifications D 3915 and D 4396.

1.4 Rigid PVC compounds for exterior building product

applications are covered in Specification D 4216.

1.5 The text of this specification references notes and

footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.

1.6 Rigid PVC recycle plastics meeting the requirements of

this specification may be used in some applications. Refer to the specific requirements in the materials and manufacture section of the applicable product standard.

1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as

standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the

test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.

NOTE 3—This specification is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 1163-1:1985 and ISO 1163-2:1980.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:2

D 256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics

D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing D 635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and

Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics D 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics

Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to

Plastics D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics D 3915 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Com-pounds for Plastic Pipe and Fittings Used in Pressure Applications

1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.

Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 1784 – 07.

2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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D 4216 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and Related PVC and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Building Products Compounds

D 4396 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Com-pounds for Plastic Pipe and Fittings Used in Nonpressure Applications

D 4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets

D 5260 Classification for Chemical Resistance of Poly(Vi-nyl Chloride) (PVC) Homopolymer and Copolymer Com-pounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds

2.2 ISO Standards:302

ISO 1163-1:1985

ISO 1163-2:1980

3. Terminology

3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-

nology D 883 and abbreviations with Terminology D 1600 unless otherwise indicated.

4. Classification

4.1 Means for selecting and identifying rigid PVC and

CPVC compounds are provided in Table 1. The properties enumerated in Table 1 and the tests defined are expected to provide identification of the compounds selected. They are not necessarily suitable for direct application in design because of differences in shape of part, size, loading, environmental conditions, etc.

4.2 Classes are designated by the cell number for each

property in the order in which they are listed in Table 1.

NOTE 4—The manner in which selected materials are identified by this classification system is illustrated by a Class 12454 rigid PVC compound having the following requirements (see Table 1). The two-digit cell limits 10 and 11 are rarely used, only for special high-temperature grades of CPVC compound:

Class 1 2 4 5 4 Identification:

Poly(vinyl chloride) homopolymer

Property and Minimum Value:

Izod (34.7 J/m (0.65 ft·lbf/in.)) under notch

Tensile strength (48.3 MPa (7000 psi))

Modulus of elasticity in tension (2758 MPa (400 000 psi))

Deflection temperature under load (70°C (158°F))

NOTE 5—The cell-type format provides the means for identification and close characterization and specification of material properties, alone or in combination, for a broad range of materials. This type format, however, is subject to possible misapplication since unobtainable property combina-tions can be selected if the user is not familiar with commercially available materials. The manufacturer should be consulted.

4.3 Product application chemical resistance when specified

shall be classified in accordance with the classification section of Classification D 5260.

5. Ordering Information

5.1 The purchase order, or inquiry, for these materials shall state the specification number and identify the class selected, for example, D 1784, Class 12454.

5.2 Further definition, as may be required for the following, shall be on the basis of agreement between the purchaser and the seller:

5.2.1 Physical form and particle size (see 6.1),

5.2.2 Contamination level (see 6.2),

5.2.3 Color (see 6.3),

5.2.4 Other supplementary definition if necessary, and

5.2.5 Inspection (see 12.1).

6. Materials and Manufacture

6.1 Materials supplied under this specification shall be PVC

and CPVC compounds in the form of cubes, granules, free-flowing powder blends, or compacted powder blends.

6.2 Materials shall be of uniform composition and size and

shall be free of foreign matter to such level of contamination as may be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.

6.3 Color and transparency or opacity of molded or ex-

truded articles formed under the conditions recommended by the seller shall be comparable within commercial match tolerances to the color and transparency or opacity of standard molded or extruded samples of the same thickness supplied in advance by the seller of the material.

7. Physical Requirements Physical Requirements

7.1 Test values for specimens of the material prepared as

specified in Section 9 and tested in accordance with Section 10 shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1 for the class selected.

8. Sampling

8.1 A batch or lot shall be considered as a unit of manufac-

ture and may consist of a blend of two or more production runs of material.

8.2 Sample using a statistically acceptable procedure.

9. Conformance Testing

9.1 The minimum properties identified by the class desig-

nations in Table 1 specified in the purchase order (see 5.1) shall be verified by the tests described in Section 11.

9.2 Conformance with this specification shall be determined

with one set of test results. If there are multiple test results, the average value for all test samples shall be used to determined conformance.

9.3 If the average test value produces values below the

minimum property values of the Class designation in Table 1, the material does not conform to this specification.

10. Specimen Preparation

10.1 Compliance with the designated requirements chosen

from Table 1 shall be determined with compression-molded, extruded, or injection-molded test specimens for Izod impact

3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.

D 1784 – 08

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Not for Resale, 06/11/2010 13:43:28 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS resistance, tensile strength, tensile modulus of elasticity, de-flection temperature under load, and flammability. Specimens cut from laminates of compression-molded or extruded sec-tions (see Practice D 4703) shall not be used unless it can be shown by test that complete fusion is obtained. It is understood that a material shall not be tested without also specifying the method of specimen preparation. When comparative tests of materials are desired, the greatest care shall be taken to ensure that all specimens are prepared in exactly the same way used to certify the cell class of the compound. Procedures used in preparing the test specimens shall be as recommended by the supplier for each specific compound.

NOTE 6—It is possible that a specimen taken from a finished product will not produce the same results as a specimen prepared by the method used for purposes of cell class testing and certification.

11. Test Methods

11.1 Conditioning—The test specimen for deflection tem-

perature (Test Method D 648) shall be conditioned in accor-dance with Procedure B of Practice D 618, except that the minimum conditioning time in the circulating air oven shall be 24 h. All other molded test specimens shall be conditioned in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D 618. The minimum conditioning time shall be 24 h.

11.2 Test Conditions—Unless otherwise specified in the test

methods or in this specification, tests shall be conducted in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61°C (61.8°F) and 62 % relative humid-ity.

11.3 Tensile Strength and Modulus of Elasticity—Test

Method D 638, using Type I specimens of 3.2 6 0.4 mm (0.13 6 0.02 in.) thickness and testing speed of 5.1 mm (0.20 in.)/min 6 25 %. Report tensile strength at the yield point if the material yields, otherwise at break.

11.4 Impact Resistance (Izod)—Method A of Test Method

D 256, using 3.2-mm (0.125-in.) thick specimens. The speci-mens may be compression-molded, extruded, or injection-molded with the provision that compression-molded or ex-truded specimens built up as laminates in which complete fusion is obtained shall be acceptable. Complete fusion means there shall be no evidence of fraying or delamination at the break.

11.5 Deflection Temperature—Test Method D 648–Method

A- using 127 mm (5 in.) long, 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) wide, and 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) thick specimens under 1.82 MPa (264 psi) fiber stress. Materials that require high-temperature annealing prior to testing shall be annealed at 50°C (122°F) for 24 h or at the manufacturer’s recommendation. Specimens shall be cooled in accordance with Procedure B of Practice D 618. The test report for annealed specimens shall include the time and temperature of annealing used.

11.6 Flammability—Test Method D 635. All compounds

covered by this specification, when tested in accordance with

TABLE 1 Class Requirements for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds

NOTE 1—The minimum property value will determine the cell number although the maximum expected value may fall within a higher cell.

Desig-nation Order No.

Property and Unit Cell Limits

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 Base resin unspecified poly(vinyl chloride) homo-polymer chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride) vinyl co-polymer

2 Impact resistance (Izod), min:

J/m of notch under notch unspecified <34.7 34.7 80.1 266.9 533.8 800.7 ft·lb/in. of notch under notch

<0.65 0.65 1.5 5.0 10.0 15.0

3 Tensile strength, min:

MPa unspecified <34.5 34.5 41.4 48.3 55.2 psi <5 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 8 000

4 Modulus of elasticity in tension, min:

MPa unspecified <1930 1930 2206 2482 2758 3034 psi <280 000 280 000 320 000 360 000 400 000 440 000

5 Deflection temperature under load, min,

1.82 MPa

(264 psi):

°C unspecified <55 55 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 °F <131 131 140 158 176 194 212 230 251 266 284

Flammability A A A A A A A A A A A A

A All compounds covered by this specification, when tested in accordance with Test Method D 635, shall yield the following results: average extent of burning of <25 mm;

average time of burning of <10 s.

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Test Method D 635, shall yield the following results: average extent of burning of <25 mm; average time of burning of <10 s.

12. Inspection

12.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed upon

between the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.

13. Packaging and Package Marking

13.1 Packaging—The material shall be packaged in stan-

dard commercial containers, so constructed as to ensure acceptance by common or other carriers for safe transportation at the lowest rate to the point of delivery, unless otherwise specified in the contract or order.

13.2 Marking—Unless otherwise agreed upon between the

purchaser and the seller, shipping containers shall be marked with the name of the material and the name of the manufac-turer; class, batch, or lot number; quantity contained therein, as defined by the contract or order under which shipment is made;

the name of the seller; and the number of the contract or order.

13.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions of

Practice D 3892 shall apply to this specification.

14. Keywords

14.1 chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC); CPVC com-pounds; poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC); PVC compounds; recycle plastics; rigid PVC

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D 1784 - 07) that may impact the use of this standard. (November 1, 2008)

(1) Revised 1.1 to include mandatory language: “…shall be permitted to…” instead of “may.”

(2) Added a new subsection 1.2 and renumbered subsequent subsections.

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D 1784 – 08

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