AMEND 0003 NAS OCEANA IAP.pdf

Produced by HSMM for NAVFAC MIDLANT 2007

Naval Air Station Oceana

Virginia Beach, Virginia May 07, 2007

(Restrictions)

Installation Appearance Plan

Produced by HSMM for NAVFAC MIDLANT 2007

Contents Executive Summary.................................................... iii Introduction .............................................................. iv

CHAPTER 1 Paint Schemes Existing Airfield District Industrial District Personnel Support District Administration/Training District Color Standards for District Paint Schemes

CHAPTER 2 Landscaping Landscaping Functional Districts: Role and Purpose of Landscape 11 Key Considerations Plans Building Perimeter Building Perimeter Perimeter Fencing Parking Lots Street Tree Plan Primary Circulation Routes Secondary Circulation Routes Recommended Plant Species Tree Planting Specifications Groundcover/Shrub Planting Specifications

CHAPTER 3 Signage Standard Signage Wayfinding Signage Building Signage Map Kiosks

CHAPTER 4 Parking Lots Parking Lots Parking Lot Layout Curb and Gutter Islands Pedestrian Walkways Pavement Lighting Drainage/Storm Water Management Traffic Control Devices Refurbishment

CHAPTER 5 Standard Gates/Entries Standard Gates/Entries Back Gate Minor Gates

CHAPTER 6 Facade Refurbishment Facade Refurbishment Metal Buildings Concrete or Painted CMU Buildings

CHAPTER 7 Special IAP Projects

���IntroductIon

Introduction

Executive Summary This Installation Appearance Plan (IAP), used in conjunction with the Navy Installation Appearance Guide (IAG), is the official guidance for designing, developing and reviewing all station construction and renovation projects at NAS Oceana. The Regional Shore Infrastructure Plans (RSIP’s) are for additional information/backup in specific areas.

The IAP replaces the previous Base Exterior Architectural Plan (BEAP), and is not intended to be a Master Plan for the station. It provides aesthetic and functional direction for new development and renovation efforts, and helps to protect and preserve the station’s natural and historic resources.

Though preservation of resources must be a high priority, the guidelines must be flexible enough to allow for renovation, expansion or demolition of inadequate facilities that may need to be removed to make room for other mission essential facilities.

While this plan is not a complete IAP as outlined in the IAG, it provides design guidance for architects and engineers for the implementation of the following elements affecting the overall air station appearance:

paint schemes, landscaping, signage, parking lots, standard gate design, facade refurbishment and special IAP projects.

PAInT SCHEmES New paint schemes have been chosen for implementation in future construction as well as exterior facade refurbishment projects. An emphasis has been placed on utilizing accent colors to enhance the architectural design of the building and not to create the design.

LAndSCAPE SummARy The natural environment responds to the suburban and industrial nature of this station. Vegetation consists of foundation plantings, street trees, screening hedges and large parcels or grouping of natural forest. In general, plantings and trees are well maintained and enhance the overall aesthetics of the station. Pedestrian circulation occurs throughout the station; however crosswalks, sidewalks, and other pedestrian amenities are inconsistent. High visibility areas and buildings should be emphasized using landscape elements such as plant material, paving changes, lighting and other amenities.

SIGnAGE The current BEAP sign with flat metal slates on wood posts have not been maintained in a consistent manor. This IAP details a new standard that is in accordance with the Navy wide standard of white lettering on a blue background. The system of slates can be modified easily while maintaining the uniformity of the sign. Additionally, two styles of wayfinding Kiosks are proposed that should be placed throughout the air station.

PARkInG LoTS Parking lots are a vital part of the transportation system on an station. If designed correctly, they will provide a safe environment for pedestrians and drivers, implement anti-terrorism/force protection (AT/FP) measures and improve emergency response on Naval Air Station Oceana.

Although many parking lots are showing sign of age or the design may not be adequate for today’s standards, the amount of parking available accommodates the need. Minor improvements may be necessary to increase the aesthetics, pedestrian safety, or functionality of individual parking lots.

Parking lots should be designed with the following elements:

One way parking lot aisles with angled parking spaces, where applicable Pedestrian refuges and landscaped walkways Curb and Gutter, where applicable Raised, landscaped islands and buffers Pervious pavements in appropriate parking lots Appropriate overall lighting plan Appropriate drainage and stormwater management Visible and logical pavement markings and signage

STAndARd GATES And EnTRIES A standard design for the gates to the air station has been established and should be followed for future modifications and as others gates are replaced.

Gate signs should be upgraded incorporating the Navy Seal to comply with the IAG.

FACAdE REFuRbISHmEnT Facade refurbishment recommendations emphasize the need for a durable maintenance-free exterior finish. This would include the use of masonry along the base of buildings, and other pre-finished materials, such as metal panels, above.

SPECIAL IAP PRojECTS Gate signage and imagery ...........................$30,000 Landscaping around Back Gate ...................$11,500 Wayfinding and building signage ..............$100,000 Command Building landscaping .................$54,077 Tomcat Blvd. lighting and landscaping ......$171,120 naval aIr StatIon oceana InStallatIon appearance plan�v

Introduction Naval Air Station Oceana, the development of which began in the 1950’s, has been organized in a manner consistent with the mission and support functions it provides. As such, the air station has a layered approach toward development, creating a hierarchy of functions that radiate from the two main axis of the airfield runways. This results in groupings of related functions in strong proximity to one another, and conflicting functions separated in a logical fashion. The open spaces have been well-maintained and the landscaping around the Station has matured in an attractive manner.

Improvements to the overall visual organization and aesthetics of NAS Oceana will not occur by simply writing a generalized set of guidelines. Likewise, changes to the visual environment will not be positive unless they are following a prescribed format and intended direction. Guidelines are the starting point, but the implementation of a review process that directs development must be part of the process to positively affect the air station. This IAP is intended to cover the first few steps in the process that will eventually help to improve the overall visual environment and to contribute to protecting the positive elements that are already present.

This IAP is a working document that will function as a guide to physical development, while at the same time be flexible enough to account for changing conditions, priorities and programs. The decision making process for physical development must address site planning and design issues, as well as the financial and functional requirements of physical design and development.

Aesthetic improvements cannot be achieved on a site-by-site or problem-by-problem basis, but must be based on a master plan which is properly conceived to allow each problem to be resolved as part of a total concept.

1.1 STATIon mISSIon

The mission of NAS Oceana is “to support the Navy’s Atlantic and Pacific Fleet force of Strike-Fighter Aircraft & Joint/Inter-Agency Operations”; and to support other activities and units as designated by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO).

Flight line at Hangar 145 Fitness Center, Building 587 vIntroductIon

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River

Savannah River

Ohio River

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A T L A N T I C

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BUFFALO

ALBANYROCHESTER

PROVIDENCE

NEW YORK

CITY

LANSING

TRENTON

PHILADELPHIA

PITTSBURGH

COLUMBUS

CINCINNATI

CLEVELAND

AKRON

TOLEDO

DETROIT

ANNAPOLIS

BALTIMORE

WASHINGTON, D.C.

INDIANAPOLIS

FRANKFORT

LOUISVILLE

RALEIGH

CHARLOTTE

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COLUMBIA

ATLANTA

CHARLESTON

MONTGOMERY

NGHAM

CHARLESTON

RICHMOND

HARRISBURG

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N.J.

DEL.MD.

VIRGINIA

NORTH CAROLINA

SOUTH CAROLINA

KENTUCKY

ALABAMA

GEORGIA

OHIONDIANA

MICHIGAN CONN. R.I.

NEW YORK

PENNSYLVANIA

WEST

VIRGINIA

OCEANA

Introduction

1.2 PLAn AREA

Naval Air Station Oceana is a land-locked air station in the City of Virginia Beach consisting of nearly 6,000 acres, primarily bordered to the north by Potters Road, to the east by Oceana Boulevard, to the south by Harpers Road, and to the west by London Bridge Road. The plan area includes the Air Station only, and excludes the Naval Annex at Dam Neck.

naval aIr StatIon oceana InStallatIon appearance planv�

1.3 PuRPoSE And FoCuS

This IAP provides aesthetic and functional direction to architects and engineers doing business on the air station for new building and site development and renovation efforts. The primary purpose of this IAP is to establish a vision for the air station which can be implemented and defended by those in authority to make decisions affecting the overall air station appearance.

1.4 mETHodoLoGy Major phases for the IAP include:

Identify the overall project goals Complete field work to determine assets liabilities, dominant elements, perceptual districts and spatial structure Develop objectives for site planning, architecture, landscape architecture and signage Map perceptual districts and spatial structure Map road hierarchy and structure Develop specific guidelines Develop examples of what to do and not to do Obtain consensus and approval on the guidelines Produce a final document

1.5 GuIdELInE ELEmEnTS

Design guidelines are developed for the following:

Site planning: gates, roadways, parking, common areas/activity nodes/open spaces and improvements.

Architecture: building color schemes and building facade refurbishment.

Landscape architecture: focal point devices, memorials and static displays, flagpoles, plant material, signage, paving services, bollards, fencing, and utilities

1.6 oVERALL objECTIVES

1. Identify and strengthen the formal site planning elements at NAS Oceana.

2. Improve wayfinding for air station occupants, their customers and visitors by developing a hierarchy of roadways and pedestrian paths, and establishing visual wayfinding elements including signage systems.

3. Identify visual assets on NAS Oceana. Provide direction to maintain assets and change liabilities.

4. Recognize and analyze the unique visual and historic districts within NAS Oceana boundaries to classify the built environment style and a harmonizing theme to strengthen each district.

5. Establish clear visual environment design guidance both in a general sense and specific to individual districts.

6. Provide a tool to aid a process by which the guidance in the plan is routinely and effectively administered and implemented within each new modification or project. Designs not conforming to air station standards established by this document will require review by an Architectural Review Board.

7. Develop guidelines that apply to all built environment elements including buildings, fencing, landscaping and pavements related to personnel and vehicular movement.

8. Recommend materials and construction elements that can realistically be maintained by local resources. Hangar 145 v��IntroductIon

LEGEnd

Personnel Support

Administration/Training

Airfield

Industrial

1.7 FunCTIonAL dISTRICTS

The air station is organized on a formal grid with Tomcat Boulevard being the major corridor from the Main Gate and intersecting with Hornet Drive that forms the corridor to the Back Gate. The air station has 4 functional districts. The Training and Administration districts flank both sides of Tomcat Boulevard and the west side of Hornet Drive. To the north and west of the Administration and Training district is the Airfield. The Industrial district extends down Hornet Drive to the Back Gate. The functional districts shown are approximate because the functions in the districts are blended and not always distinct.

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1.8 CIRCuLATIon

Vehicular circulation throughout the air station is enhanced by a clear delineation of primary and secondary roadways. The air stations vehicular circulation is organized on a formal grid with Tomcat Boulevard being the major corridor from the Main Gate and intersecting with Hornet Drive that forms the corridor to the Back Gate. The secondary roadways form a grid between these corridors. The circulation routes shown are approximate and are not intended to document all possible traffic patterns.

Introduction

LEGEnd

Primary Roadways

Secondary Roadways

Primary Pedestrian Pathways

�xIntroductIon

1.9 ARCHITECTuRAL THEmE

There is no strong architectural theme indicated by the form of the buildings on the air station. Older buildings are utilitarian with flat roofs and painted or EIFS facades. Other buildings facades are a mix of brick and precast concrete. New buildings have taken on a transitional theme with the use of brick and sloped roofs. A current color theme of incorporating natural tones dominates most of the facility.

New construction should use substantial materials such as masonry, precast concrete and metal panels that provide the Navy with the best value over the life time of the building. Material textures and colors should take their cues from the established theme, if one is exist, of the buildings in the surrounding area.

Barracks 419

Barracks 431 Credit Union, Building 528

Hangar 145Barracks 441 Childcare Building

Hangar 111

Gym, Building 587 Pass Office x

CHAPTER 1

Paint Schemes naval aIr StatIon oceana InStallatIon appearance plan�

Existing The current paint scheme based on the previous BEAP is comprised of natural colors with brown trim. This theme is present in existing facilities in all functional districts of the air station. Newer construction is respectful of these colors by using brown and tan colored brick or EIFS. The newer construction also reflects a standard use of patina green metal roofs.

New color schemes should be compatible with these colors to maintain a unifying theme throughout the installation during the transition period. The use of broad accent stripes and super graphics should be avoided; these treatments tend to call attention to painted utilitarian buildings that should fade into there surroundings. Accent and trim colors should be used to highlight the architectural features of a building and not be imposed arbitrarily.

The paint schemes developed in this IAP reflect the Navy standard accent colors, with the exception of the airfield, to distinguish the different functional districts per the IAG. They are respectful of the natural tones that are predominate on the installation and the “Intruder White” and “Blue Angel” blue that have been adopted for the airfield.

Example of good application of color at NAVSTA Norfolk

Good example of current air field color scheme on Hangar 200

Example of broad accent stripes on Building 221 Old earth tone color scheme on Hangar 500

�paInt SchemeS

CoLoR mATCHInG Do not attempt to match colors to the images on this page; printed colors are not accurate representations of the Federal Standard. Use the color number to match color to an actual paint sample.

Airfield District Architectural features that complement the building should be painted the accent color. The accent color should used to create at water table at about 7 feet to coincide with the top of the personnel doors and to highlight other personnel doors. Narrow fascias and other architectural elements at the top of the buildings could also be accented. Features that do not complement the building should be painted the body 1 color.

Utility buildings such as pump houses should only be accented by a thin band of the accent color on the coping or fascia.

Prefinished metal panels and trim should not be painted unless the original finish is deteriorated.

Body 1 Federal Standard 27778

Accent Federal Standard 25048

Accent

Body 1

Hangar 200

Windows to be anodized bronze unless other colors predominate on adjacent buildings

Coping to match window color or district accent

Industrial District Architectural features that complement the building should be painted the accent or complementary body color. The accent color should only be used in limited quantities to highlight narrow architectural elements and should not be imposed on a building where no elements exist. Buildings with water tables should receive a slim band of accent color where there is a change in materials. Features that do not complement the building shall be painted the body 1 color.

Utility buildings such as pump houses should only be accented by a thin band of the accent color on the coping or fascia.

Prefinished metal panels and trim should not be painted unless the original finish is deteriorated.

CoLoR mATCHInG Do not attempt to match colors to the images on this page; printed colors are not accurate representations of the Federal Standard colors listed. Use the number to match color to an actual paint sample.

Roof Color Federal Standard 23717

Body 1 Federal Standard 27780

Accent Federal Standard 36293Accent

Body 1

Building 721

Windows to be anodized bronze unless other colors predominate on adjacent buildings

�paInt SchemeS

Personnel Support District Architectural features that complement the building should be painted the accent or complementary body color. The accent color should only be used in limited quantities to highlight narrow architectural elements and should not be imposed on a building where no elements exist. Buildings with water tables should receive a slim band of accent color where there is a change in materials. Features that do not complement the building shall be painted body 1 or 2.

Utility buildings such as pump houses should only be accented by a thin band of the accent color on the coping or fascia.

Prefinished metal panels and trim should not be painted unless the original finish is deteriorated.

CoLoR mATCHInG Do not attempt to match colors to the images on this page; printed colors are not accurate representations of the Federal Standard colors listed. Use the color number to match color to an actual paint sample.

Paint Schemes

Body 1 Federal Standard 27780

Body 2 Federal Standard 37769

Body 3 Federal Standard 36415

Accent Federal Standard 23578Accent

Body 3

Body 1 or 2 ( Body 1 is used in drawing)

Building 431

Windows to be anodized bronze unless other colors predominate on adjacent buildings

Administration/ Training District Architectural features that complement the building should be painted the accent or complementary body color. The accent color should only be used in limited quantities to highlight narrow architectural elements and should not be imposed on a building where no elements exist. Buildings with water tables should receive a slim band of accent color where there is a change in materials. Features that do not complement the building shall be painted body 1 or 2.

Utility buildings such as pump houses should only be accented by a thin band of the accent color on the coping or fascia.

Prefinished metal panels and trim should not be painted unless the original finish is deteriorated.

CoLoR mATCHInG Do not attempt to match colors to the images on this page; printed colors are not accurate representations of the Federal Standard colors listed. Use the color number to match color to an actual paint sample.

Paint Schemes

Naval Air Station Oceana Body 1 Federal Standard 27780

Body 2 Federal Standard 37769

Accent 1 Federal Standard 36415

Accent 2 Federal Standard 34108

Accent 2

Accent 1

Body 1 or 2 ( Body 1 was used in drawing)

Building 230

Windows to be anodized bronze unless other colors predominate on adjacent buildings

�Paint SchemeS

Color Standards for District Paint Schemes

COLOR MATCHING

If chip is missing, do not use the printed copy as the color standard. Do not attempt to match colors to the images on this page; printed colors are not accurate representations of the Federal Standard colors listed. Use the number to match color to an actual paint sample.

TRAINING/AdMIN.

Body 1 Federal Standard 27780

Body 2 Federal Standard 37769

Accent 1 Federal Standard 36415

Accent 2 Federal Standard 34108

AIRfIeLd

Body 1 Federal Standard 27778

Accent Federal Standard 25048 peRsONNeL

Body 1 Federal Standard 27780

Body 2 Federal Standard 37769

Body 3 Federal Standard 36415

Accent Federal Standard 23578

INdusTRIAL

Roof Color Federal Standard 23717

Body 1 Federal Standard 27780

Accent Federal Standard 36293

CHAPTER 2

Landscaping naval aIr StatIon oceana InStallatIon appearance plan�0

Landscaping The appearance of Naval Air Station Oceana is largely impacted by the quality and condition of the landscape. As such, the landscape plays an integral role in the pride of Naval Air Station Oceana as well as the sailor’s quality of life. The landscape plans recommended herein provide guidance for future development and renovations of the landscape. The plans have been developed within a framework which emphasizes adherence to the Anti-terrorism and Force Protection Standards (AT/FP) (UFC 4- 010-01, 2003) and recognizes the need to reduce maintenance while improving environmental integrity.

These landscape standards are intended to establish a spatial hierarchy that is legible and consistent throughout the Installation, as well as the region.

Landscape elements provide a multi-functional language to create and define spaces. A combination of plant materials, hardscape, and site furnishings are used to communicate a hierarchy of buildings and functions at an Installation. The composition of landscape elements and site amenities should employ the basic tenets of design and generally accepted practices:

Line creates order and directs movement (visually and physically). Straight lines suggest faster movement than meandering curved lines. Intersecting lines create opportunities for change in movement patterns or visual focus.

Form relates to the shape and structure of plants. The form of plants can communicate the character and formality of a space.

Texture describes the surface quality of materials (fine to medium to coarse). A variety of textures creates visual impact.

Color influences the character of the landscape and can create unity, contrast, and focal points. Color combinations should be harmonious (monochromatic, analogous) or contrasting (complementary, polychromatic).

Scale is the size of an element in relation to adjacent elements. Structures and landscape elements should be relative to the human scale.

Group plantings with the following considerations:

Avoid monocultures Similar exposure and site requirements Size of plants at maturity A mixture of evergreen and deciduous species Seasonal mixture of color, texture and form Layer plantings with low growing varieties in front and larger/taller varieties behind Plant in groups of odd numbers Optimize placement of deciduous trees to provide shade in summer and sun in winter Optimize placement of evergreen trees to provide wind, noise and visual barriers.

A coherent palette of plant materials creates a unified appearance, softens architecture and AT/FP measures, as well as screens utilitarian functions and unattractive elements. The use of native, drought-tolerant, and disease resistant plant species is highly recommended as a means to reduce maintenance costs and irrigation needs, and to mitigate stormwater runoff.

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Functional Districts: Role and Purpose of Landscape AdmInISTRATIVE And TRAInInG FunCTIonAL dISTRICT Administrative and Training Facilities are high visibility, high use areas by sailors, employees, and visitors.

Amenities such as street furniture and pedestrian lighting should be present. The degree and style of landscaping can help convey the importance and professionalism of the activities in these facilities. These districts should be highly landscaped and formally organized. In order to reduce maintenance costs and labor, they should be landscaped with low maintenance, drought tolerant, native species. A consistent plant and pavement palette will help distinguish these facilities and establish a unifying character. Plant material and pavement details serve the following functions:

Screen utilities, parking, and other unattractive activities Enhance the pedestrian environment Enhance pedestrian safety Frame views Emphasize building entrances Identify significant buildings Provide visual interest throughout the year Define outdoor spaces and courtyards Provide a consistent and coherent identity.

PERSonnEL SuPPoRT FunCTIonAL dISTRICT Personnel Support Facilities are high visibility, high use areas that contribute to the overall quality of life of sailors and their families. These facilities offer sailors and civilians opportunities for relaxation, socialization, entertainment and recreation. Landscaping in this district should be clear and organized. Amenities such as street furniture and pedestrian lighting should be present. Due to high pedestrian use between support facilities, special emphasis should be placed on the streetscape and pedestrian environments. Although not as heavily landscaped as the Administrative and Training Functional District, this District still warrants landscape treatments in order to enhance the quality of life and livability for users. Landscape elements should consist of low maintenance, drought tolerant, native species in order to reduce maintenance costs and labor. Plant material and pavement details serve the following functions:

Screen utilities, parking, and other unattractive activities Enhance the pedestrian environment Enhance pedestrian safety Emphasize building entrances Provide visual interest throughout the year Define outdoor spaces and courtyards Provide a consistent and coherent identity.

InduSTRIAL & AIRFIELd FunCTIonAL dISTRICTS Industrial and Airfield Facilities should have an orderly appearance and safely allow for all necessary activities. Landscaping in these districts should be limited and consist of pavement treatments and low maintenance, drought tolerant, native species in order to reduce maintenance costs and labor. Plantings should be concentrated only in areas where necessary for shade, screening, delineating traffic, and at building entrances. Fencing and paving styles should play a larger role in establishing a hierarchy throughout the districts and providing a coherent identity to the area. Pedestrian use is often high around industrial facilities and it is necessary to provide a safe and accessible environment for users. Vegetation in the Airfield District should conform to the standards set forth in the Airfield Safety Clearances, NAVFAC P-80.3 (1982) document. Plant material and pavement details serve the following functions:

Provide shade Screen unattractive structures, open storage areas, and parking Emphasize entry points Delineate pedestrian and vehicular traffic Enhance pedestrian safety.

naval aIr StatIon oceana InStallatIon appearance plan��

Key Considerations nATuRAL, CuLTuRAL And HISToRIC RESouRCES

• It is essential that these valuable resources be understood, evaluated, maintained, protected, and possibly enhanced where appropriate.

• Impacts on these resources from new and future projects must be understood and mitigated for, so as to complement or coordinate with the existing environment of the Installation.

• It is necessary to preserve structures and areas with historical and cultural significance in accordance with applicable state historic preservation office (SHPO) standards. This will help ensure that local and regional histories are kept intact and maintain their integrity for current and future generations.

• Ample setbacks or vegetated buffers between historic and non-historic elements and structures can help provide an appropriate separation.

AnTI-TERRoRISm/FoRCE PRoTECTIon (AT/FP) The AT/FP standards (UFC 4-010-01, 2003) have been interpreted to allow plantings and trees within the 33 feet (10m) effective standoff distance with the caveat that those plant materials may not conceal an explosive device measuring greater than or equal to 6 inches (150mm) in height. To that effect, trees within the 10m standoff should be limbed up to allow visual surveillance. Similarly, foundation plantings are acceptable within the 33 feet (10m) standoff as long as the plant material allows for detection of an explosive (open branched shrubs, groundcover less than 6 inches (150mm) in height). In addition, shrubs greater than 6 inches (150mm) in height should be spaced to provide transparency for detection of explosives. Ultimately, plant material which allows observable conditions is most desirable.

Application of AT/FP standards to perimeter fencing assumes a typical clear zone of 20 – 30 feet (6-9m) on both sides of a perimeter fence. That clear zone, at most Installations, is mowed grass and the use of a groundcover in place of grass may not be a lower maintenance option (weeding).

• AT/FP should be incorporated into all new designs so that the protection is attractive and unobtrusive.

• The following design elements could help provide this protection in a manner that is unobtrusive and secure:

o Berms o Drainage ditches o Bioswales o Seat walls o Ponds o Open lawn o Groundcovers o Lighting o Vehicular Circulation o Setbacks o Fences o Walls o Mass notification systems o Bollards o Planters o Combination of elements.

SuSTAInAbLE PLAnnInG The use of native plant species in the landscape reduces negative impacts on water quality by reducing irrigation requirements as well as the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credits can be achieved with water efficient landscaping.

• All design should incorporate landscapes that are diverse yet cohesive, protect the environment, reduce life cycle costs, improve living conditions, and contribute to the overall health of the environment.

• Design elements that help achieve a more environmentally inclusive approach include the following:

o The use of native plants o Low maintenance plant material o Drought tolerant plant material o The use of recycled and environmentally friendly materials (i.e., paving material, street furniture, lighting) o Stormwater management through the strategy of low impact development (i.e., Best Management Practices, pervious surfaces, green roofs, reducing building footprints) o Site planning strategies which cluster multiple buildings and allow for increased open space and vegetation.

PERImETER APPEARAnCE

• It is essential that the perimeter appearance does not compromise the surroundings of civilian communities. By conveying a positive impression to the surrounding community, an Installation can increase pride and enhance the quality of life of its neighbors.

• Public viewsheds should be considered and should enhance the appearance of the Installation from outside its boundaries.

• The perimeter of an Installation should not compromise security or aesthetics. This may be done by minimizing the appearance of barbed wire and no-man zones through screening plantings and various fencing styles.

Good example of an existing primary entrance that is easily identifiable

Good example of unobtrusive AT/FP measures at Naval Station Norfolk Good example of screening at Naval Station Newport

Plans Landscape plans have been developed to address four areas of Naval Air Station Oceana: building perimeters, parking lots, base perimeter fencing, and general landscaping within the proximity of the waterfront. In all instances, the implementation of these plans can be phased in as permitted by available budget. It is recommended that the first phase of implementation include at minimum the canopy trees specified, which provide immediate, low maintenance enhancements.

buILdInG PERImETER Building perimeters should be consistent, unified and establish a distinct sense of place. Perimeters should provide a hierarchy of building types and communicate the functions within each building through a perimeter’s organization, sense of entry, site amenities (i.e. seating), plantings, and the placement of signage.

All building perimeters, regardless of function or hierarchy, should provide a strong sense of entry, both physically and visually, and be compatible with the buildings’ uses. In more urban areas of the Installation where there is little or no space for plantings, entrances can be articulated through pavement changes, signage, lighting, and architectural treatments (awnings). It is also necessary to acknowledge adjacent buildings and functions in order to properly screen visual and audible activities which are unattractive and distracting.

Anti-terrorism and Force Protection Standards should be incorporated into all building perimeters without compromising the aesthetics and quality of the landscape. This can be successfully done through a variety of techniques, such as locating security bollards in planted areas thereby softening the space without negating security standards.

Primary Entrances Primary entrances must be easily identified by pedestrians as well as motorists. This can be accomplished through the strategic placement of signage, vegetation, and hardscape/paving materials. Treatments used to distinguish primary entrances should be appropriate to the building’s function and visibility.

Secondary Entrances Secondary entrances should be defined with the use of plant materials and hard-scape elements which are complementary to the primary entrance, yet are on a smaller scale. This creates a similar language for the building yet defines the hierarchy of the entrances. Smoking areas with ash urns should be designated at secondary entrances only, but not within 50 feet (15.2m) of the entrance.

Screening Screening should be used to limit visual access within the Installation. Additionally landscape screens and walls can serve as wind and noise barriers where necessary. Screening may also be incorporated into a building perimeter to conceal

AT/FP compliant foundation plantings at Washington Navy Yard

Good example of a seating area and site amenities at NAVPHIBASE Little Creek

AT/FP compliant foundation plantings at Washington Navy Yard

Good example of a seating area and site amenities at NAVPHIBASE Little Creek unattractive or loud neighboring activities. Trash disposal areas should be screened with an evergreen hedge or fencing with limited transparency.

Seating Areas Seating areas should be provided for the comfort of Installation personnel and visitors. There should be a greater number of seating in areas of high use (i.e. Personnel Support facilities, Bachelor Enlisted Quarters, etc.). The scale and configuration of a seating area is dependent upon its intended use.

Seating areas should exist in locations of high public use, such as areas adjacent to Administrative and Training and Personnel Support facilities, and at regular intervals along major pedestrian thoroughfares.

It is recommended that seating areas are located to take advantage of summer shade and winter sun.

Foundation Plantings Foundation plantings should be used to enhance the appearance of the building perimeter. In accordance with AT/FP standards, these plantings shall provide a level of transparency that allows observation and surveillance of the building perimeter. Techniques that can be used to provide transparency include the use of open branched shrubs, groundcovers less than six (6) inches (150mm) in height, and the use of trees which can be limbed up. Trees are a low maintenance, cost effective alternative to typical foundation plantings and offer many of the same benefits. Foundation plantings can also be used to screen building mechanicals and trash disposal areas.

In all instances where foundation plantings are used, a clear area should be established at the building edge and around building mechanicals to allow access for routine maintenance and window cleaning without damaging the foundation plantings. Foundation plantings also eliminate the need to edge or mow against the building, thus reducing maintenance costs.

Perimeter Fencing Perimeter fencing is a primary point of security for all Installations and is an important component of AT/FP measures. Its presence on an Installation is necessary and should be attractive in high visibility areas (i.e. main gates). Perimeter fencing is highly functional and should be unobtrusive when the neighboring land use is residential or commercial.

A variety of techniques may be used in order to improve the appearance of fencing, all of which must comply with AT/FP standards. For example, the style of the fencing can be varied depending on its visibility (from inside and outside the Installation).

In areas of high visibility the fencing can incorporate columns of a different material such as brick.

Plant material may be used to soften perimeter fencing and enhance the overall aesthetics of an Installation by creating a rhythm or identity to its borders.

Where perimeters are adjacent to residential housing or other community activities, it is possible to locate the perimeter fence back from the property line to allow for a landscaped buffer to screen the neighboring uses.

All new perimeter fencing should incorporate a “mow strip” on both sides of the fence to reduce maintenance costs associated with hand trimming.

PARkInG LoTS All parking lots should be multi-functional areas that mitigate stormwater runoff, allow for safe pedestrian use, and enhance the overall aesthetics of an Installation while serving its primary function to the vehicle. This may be done through a range of treatments and techniques which are described

Good example of canopy trees in a parking area at NSF DahlgrenExisting perimeter fencing at NAS OceanaExisting pervious paving in a parking area at NAS Oceana Good example of canopy trees in a parking area at NSF DahlgrenExisting perimeter fencing at NAS OceanaExisting pervious paving in a parking area at NAS Oceana below. All parking lots should use a variety of native and ornamental vegetation that is low in maintenance and attractive throughout the year.

All parking lots should integrate vegetation via perimeter plantings, screening, planted islands, bio-swales, or some combination of the above.

Canopy trees are recommended in parking islands and perimeter plantings to minimize heat island effect, block winds and filter air.

The use of permeable pavement, rather than traditional asphalt and concrete, can significantly reduce the volume of water entering the stormwater infrastructure.

The introduction of bio-swales into parking areas can help detain and filter stormwater on-site, thereby improving the quality of the water entering the stormwater system and local watershed. These areas should be planted with species that keep their form and maintain a neat appearance.

GEnERAL LAndSCAPInG ALonG THE wATERFRonT Landscaping along the waterfront should be appropriate in location and function. An important consideration in these locations is the selection of appropriate materials which are durable and can withstand the harsh environmental conditions along the waterfront (wind, salt spray). The land use of areas adjacent to the waterfront varies and may include sailor arrival / departure areas, parking, industrial uses, provisioning, and repairs and maintenance. The extent of landscaping should reflect the type and level of activity of these areas.

Parking areas along the waterfront should be clearly demarcated and include delineation of pedestrian pathways. The use of landscape elements within parking areas is encouraged as noted in the previous section on parking lots.

Industrial, provisioning, and repairs and maintenance areas of the waterfront should have an orderly appearance and safely allow for all necessary activities. Enhancements in these areas should include delineation of pedestrian areas and walkways with paving treatments, and screening views of unattractive buildings, service areas and industrial uses with opaque plant material as appropriate.

category SelectIonS canopy tree See Street Tree Plan

Small/ ornamental tree

Amelanchier arborea Cercis canadensis Chionanthus virginicus Magnolia virginiana* groundcover

Juniperus horizontalis ‘Bar Harbor’ Liriope spicata** Phlox buckleyi Stachys lanata

* Only for use as an accent plant in center island ** Must be planted in a contained area to reduce spreading (center island planting bed)

Landscaping

Building Perimeter This building perimeter plan incorporates a seating area close to the main entrance of the building with amenities such as benches and a central planting area. The main entry walk and seating area are lined with small / ornamental trees which provide a focal point, seasonal interest, and help define the interior space. A Naval insignia is displayed in the walkway to mark the entrance of the building.

Alternative insignias may be used to designate buildings in a particular functional district. High visibility buildings should receive priority for implementation, and if phasing is desirable decorative paving and canopy trees should be installed first.

Plan Benefits:

Meets current AT/FP standards for an inhabited and primary gathering building Use of drought tolerant, native vegetation reduces irrigation and extensive maintenance Provides a gathering area for occupants and visitors Formal organization of the design communicates building function Paving patterns and insignia can be incorporated without the removal of existing vegetation and require limited maintenance.

Alternative insignia for paving pattern canopy tree See Street Tree Plan

Small/ ornamental tree

Amelanchier arborea Cercis canadensis Chionanthus virginicus

Landscaping

Building Perimeter This building perimeter plan is less elaborate than the previous. It still incorporates a seating area close to the main entrance of the building, however the central planting bed is replaced with a Naval insignia displayed in the paving pattern. The main entry walk and seating area are lined with small / ornamental trees which provide a focal point, seasonal interest, and help define the interior space. Alternative insignias may be used to designate buildings in a particular functional district.

High visibility buildings should receive priority for implementation, and if phasing is desirable decorative paving and canopy trees should be installed first.

Plan Benefits:

Meets current AT/FP standards for an inhabited and primary gathering building Use of drought tolerant, native vegetation reduces irrigation and extensive maintenance Provides a gathering area for occupants and visitors Formal organization of the design communicates building function Paving patterns and insignia can be incorporated without the removal of existing vegetation and require limited maintenance.

Alternative insignia for paving pattern large ShrubS Juniperus chinensis ‘Torulosa’ Osmanthus x ‘Burkwoodii’ Thuja occidentalis ‘Emerald’

ShrubS Ilex glabra Ilex glabra ‘Compacta’ groundcover Juniperus horizontalis ‘Bar Harbor’ Juniperus conferta ‘Blue Pacific’

Landscaping

Perimeter Fencing This perimeter fencing plan provides intermittent screening with the use of large evergreen shrubs spaced to allow for plantings of small shrubs or groundcover in between. This plan creates a rhythm at the base perimeter and improves the aesthetics of the border fencing. High visibility gates and perimeters which abut housing or community activities should receive priority for implementation, and if phasing is desirable large shrubs should be installed first. For a less elaborate alternative (for low visibility areas) the small shrubs / groundcover may be eliminated.

Plan Benefits:

• Screens activities within base perimeter

• Provides transparency for visual surveillance

• Use of drought tolerant vegetation reduces the need for irrigation and excessive maintenance.

canopy tree Acer rubrum Ginkgo biloba Quercus phellos graSSeS Pennisetum alopecuroides Muhlenbergia capillaris groundcover Juniperus horizontalis Liriope spicata*

* Must be planted in a contained area to reduce spreading.

Landscaping

Parking Lots This parking lot plan incorporates planted islands within the parking lot as well as a planted buffer along the exterior edge of the lot. The planted exterior edge provides a visual buffer and spatially delineates the parking lot from the pedestrian. When located on a primary or secondary circulation route, or in areas where the edge of parking is within close proximity to a building, this planted buffer may also include pedestrian amenities such as seating, lighting and trash receptacles. The islands should be planted with canopy trees, grasses, and groundcovers. Parking areas near high visibility activities should receive priority for implementation, and if phasing is desirable canopy trees and groundcover should be installed first, as both require minimal maintenance. For a less elaborate alternative (for low visibility areas) the grasses may be eliminated. In areas of egress the sight triangle should remain clear of vegetation greater than 2 feet (.6m) in height. This plan can be applied to parking lots with angled or 90 degree parking stalls.

Plan Benefits:

• Canopy trees reduce heat island effect

• Use of native grasses and groundcover minimizes maintenance

• Provides a visual buffer for parking areas

• Clearly delineates parking area from pedestrian area

• Planted islands can assist in reducing stormwater runoff from parking lots.

Example of existing streetscape conditions at NAS Oceana

Example of existing streetscape conditions at NAS Oceana

Example of a decorative crosswalk at NS Norfolk

Street Tree Plan PRImARy And SECondARy RouTES:

The circulation system at Naval Air Station Oceana consists of primary and secondary routes. These routes are used by pedestrians and drivers at different intensities and for different purposes. For this study, primary routes include those leading to and from main entry points/gates, and high use/ volume roadways and pathways. Traffic speeds on these routes are typically higher than on secondary routes. Primary pedestrian routes include sidewalks and recreational use of roadways.

Secondary routes support the primary routes by providing connections and access between areas on the Installation. Traffic on secondary routes is generally irregular and dispersed by comparison to primary circulation routes. These routes are used for internal movement within the Installation.

The intent of this Street Tree Plan is to further define the hierarchy of the circulation system and create a more easily understood system with the use of landscape elements and site amenities. Since pedestrian and vehicular circulation patterns create the larger system, these routes have been combined.

Primary vehicular routes at Naval Air Station Oceana include the following: Tomcat Boulevard and Hornet Drive. Primary pedestrian routes include the following: Tomcat Boulevard, Hornet Drive, 5th Street, and L Avenue.

PAVEmEnT mATERIALS Incorporating decorative pavement materials on a primary route helps identify it as an important corridor, contributes to the overall aesthetics of the route, and delineates pedestrian and vehicular movement.

On primary streets where traffic volume is high, decorative paving material can be used for sidewalks, crosswalks, and edging around plantings and building entrances. If used consistently, this additional detail acts as a visual cue to drivers and pedestrians and informs them of the type of roadway on which they are traveling. This is helpful, particularly on roads leading to and from main gates, as it communicates a hierarchy found within the Installation.

Stamped pavement, colored pavement, and stone or brick are examples of materials that can be used. On primary routes through Administrative/ Training and Personnel Support areas the intensity of decorative elements should be higher than in industrial areas as the later is primarily used for operative and utilitarian purposes. Separation of vehicle and pedestrian movement is essential in all areas for safety and can be accomplished with decorative paving materials or striping.

AmEnITIES Amenities such as sidewalks, street furniture, lighting, displays, crosswalks, and traffic calming techniques also help reinforce the circulation hierarchy and overall aesthetics of an Installation. The intensity of the use is dependent upon the Functional District.

In Administrative/Training and Personnel Support areas, sidewalks and crosswalks should be wider and lighting should include pedestrian scale fixtures to account for higher pedestrian use and to increase safety. Naval displays can also be incorporated either at major intersections and/or at regular intervals to provide consistency among primary routes, as well as serve as a cue for the motorist and pedestrian to an important building, intersection, or place.

Good example of decorative paving, edging and vegetation at the Sub Museum in Groton, Connecticut

Good example of a pedestrian route delineated by striping in an industrial area of Portsmouth Naval Shipyard

In industrial areas, amenities should be present in select locations of high pedestrian use and can be scaled back. Although amenities, such as street furniture, will be more concentrated in some areas (i.e. Personnel Support Areas), it is essential that the style, color, and scale of the furniture be consistent throughout the Installation.

VEGETATIon TyPE The integration of various landscape treatments helps delineate and define primary pedestrian and vehicular routes within and through Naval Air Station Oceana.

Successful streetscape plantings help to communicate a hierarchy of roadways, add visual interest, and direct pedestrian and vehicular movement.