Atch(1-4)_PWS_Part4_A0002.pdf

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DRAWINGS FOR EDGING

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Areas have been added.

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Section J

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Annex 15

Station Funded Grounds Area - Service Level IV csc02

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LANDSCAPING AREAS AND TREE PITS

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LANDSCAPING AREAS AND TREE PITS

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SEMI-IMPROVED GROUNDS AREAS

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Location Map

Family Housing Area

Atago Sports Complex rieko.doi.ja Text Box rieko.doi.ja Text Box

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SEMI-IMPROVED GROUNDS AREAS

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ATTACHMENT J-1503050-17

UNIMPROVED GROUNDS AREAS

Currently, no recurring services are required for Unimproved Grounds Areas.

A map will be inserted when the services are added to the contract.

In association with:

Walters, Kimura, Motoda, Inc.

Honolulu, Hawaii

Prepared by:

Group 70 International, Inc.

Honolulu, Hawaii

Prepared with oversight of:

Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni

Installation Appearance Plan FINAL October 2010

ATTACHMENT J-1503050-18 - MCAS IWAKUNI INSTALLATION APPEARANCE PLAN (IAP)

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MCAS Iwakuni Installation Appearance Plan TOC - 1

TAble Of COnTenTS eXeCUTIVe SUMMARY

CHAPTeR 1 InTRODUCTIOn AnD OVeRVIeW IAP Format ..................................................................... 1-2 Highlighted Themes ....................................................... 1-3 Study Area and IAP Functional Districts ......................... 1-4 Goals of IAP .................................................................... 1-7

DeSIGn GUIDeS SeCTIOn CHAPTeR 2 SITe DeSIGn

Application of the Guidelines ......................................... 2-2 Site Anti-Terrorism and Force Protection and Security Considerations .......................................... 2-3 Station Boundaries ......................................................... 2-4 Gates and Entrances ..................................................... 2-6 Road Circulation and Hierarchy ..................................... 2-7 Streetscapes .................................................................. 2-8 Arterials .......................................................................... 2-9 Collectors ..................................................................... 2-10 Local Streets ................................................................ 2-11 Roundabouts ................................................................ 2-12 Pathways ...................................................................... 2-13 Promenades ................................................................. 2-14 Walkways ..................................................................... 2-15 Activity Nodes .............................................................. 2-16 Building Siting .............................................................. 2-17 District Boundaries ....................................................... 2-18 Plazas and Courtyards ................................................. 2-20 Parking Lots ................................................................. 2-21 Service Elements ......................................................... 2-22 Utilities .......................................................................... 2-23

CHAPTeR 3 ARCHITeCTURe Application of the Guidelines ......................................... 3-2 Architectural Character .................................................. 3-3 Presenting the USMC Image ......................................... 3-3 Iwakuni Culture and History ........................................... 3-4 Balance of Variety and Consistency ............................... 3-5 Wind and Seismic Criteria ............................................. 3-5 Building Accessibility Considerations ............................. 3-5 General Building Design

Building Form ............................................................ 3-9 Scale ....................................................................... 3-10 Massing .................................................................. 3-11 Proportion ............................................................... 3-12 Rhythm ................................................................... 3-13 Texture .................................................................... 3-14

Architectural Features Roof Forms ............................................................. 3-17 Roofing Materials .................................................... 3-18 Exterior Walls .......................................................... 3-19 Fenestration ............................................................ 3-20 Covered Entries ...................................................... 3-21 Courtyards .............................................................. 3-22 Shading Elements................................................... 3-23 Trims and Surface Articulation ................................ 3-24 Service Equipment Enclosures ............................... 3-25

CHAPTeR 4 bUIlDInG COlOR Application of the Guidelines ......................................... 4-2 Color Selection ............................................................... 4-3 Color Assignments to Building Components ................. 4-6

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TOC - 2

Table of Contents

Technical Application ................................................... 4-12 Color Approval Processes ............................................ 4-13

CHAPTeR 5 lAnDSCAPe ARCHITeCTURe Application of the Guidelines ......................................... 5-2 Landscaping .................................................................. 5-5

Landscape Character ............................................... 5-6 Landscape Planning ................................................. 5-8 Landscape Design Guidelines ................................ 5-11 Street Trees ............................................................ 5-12 Street Tree Diversity ............................................... 5-13 Street Tree Compositions/Arrangement ................. 5-14 Street Tree Planting Placement and Positioning ..... 5-15 Street Tree Recommendations .............................. 5-16 Parking Lot Planting ................................................ 5-18 Facility Planting ....................................................... 5-19 Open Space Planting .............................................. 5-20 Image Planting ........................................................ 5-21 Screening and Buffering ......................................... 5-22 Landscape Maintenance ........................................ 5-23

Site Amenities .............................................................. 5-27 Fences and Walls ................................................... 5-28 Security Fences ...................................................... 5-29 General Fences....................................................... 5-30 Screen Walls ........................................................... 5-31 Pavers and Paving .................................................. 5-32 Pavilions .................................................................. 5-33 Bus Shelters ............................................................ 5-34 Site Lighting ............................................................ 5-35 Street Lighting ........................................................ 5-36 Parking and Area Lighting ...................................... 5-37 Low Level Lighting .................................................. 5-38 Flag Poles, Memorials, and Static Displays ............ 5-39 Bollards ................................................................... 5-40 Picnic Tables ........................................................... 5-41 Benches .................................................................. 5-42

Trash Receptacles .................................................. 5-43 Cigarette Receptacles ............................................ 5-44 Bicycle Racks and Shelters .................................... 5-45 Drinking Fountains .................................................. 5-46 Barbecue Grills ....................................................... 5-47

CHAPTeR 6 SIGnAGe Application of the Guidelines ......................................... 6-2 General Guidelines for Signs .......................................... 6-5 Typography..................................................................... 6-6 Sign Layout for Tenant Identification Signs .................... 6-7 Graphics ......................................................................... 6-8 Sign Placement ............................................................ 6-10 Accessibility Considerations ........................................ 6-11 Sign Types

Overview of Sign Types........................................... 6-15 Direction Signs ........................................................ 6-31 Regulatory Signs ..................................................... 6-35 Motivation Signs ..................................................... 6-45 Informational Signs ................................................. 6-51 Wall Mounted Signs ................................................ 6-55 Electronic Signs ...................................................... 6-59

IMPleMenTATIOn SeCTIOn CHAPTeR 7 IMPleMenTATIOn MeCHAnISMS

IAP Review Process........................................................ 7-2 Heirarchy of Elements .................................................... 7-4 IAP Project Selection Criteria ......................................... 7-5 Funding Opportunities .................................................... 7-6

APPenDICeS Appendix A: Color Theory Appendix B: Plant Material (Includes Recommended Plant List) Appendix C: Designing for Minimal Maintenance Appendix D: Landscape Maintenance Appendix E: Guiding Principles for Landscape Maintenance

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TOC - 4

Table of Contents lIST Of ACROnYMS ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers

AT/FP Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection

ADA Americans with Disabilities

ADAAG Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines

B Body

Ba Base or Kicker

BMPs Best Management Practices

BQ Bachelor Quarters

CASBEE Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency

CMU Concrete Masonry Unit

CLR Clearance

COMFLEACT Commander Fleet Activities

CONUS Continental United States

COTR Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative

DoD Department of Defense

ECF Entry Control Facilities

EFS Exterior Finish Systems

EIFS Exterior Insulated Finish Systems

FIP Facilities Improvement Program

FISC Fleet Industrial Support Center

GFRC Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete

HQ Headquarters

HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning

IAP Installation Appearance Plan

IBC International Building Code

ID Identification

IDE Intrusion Detection Equipment

IDQ Indefinite Quantity Contracts

JMSDF Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Forces

JPMA Japan Paint Manufacturer Association

LED Light Emitting Diode

LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

LRV Light Reflective Value

MILCON Military Construction

MPI Master Painter’s Institute

MCAS Marine Corps Air Station

MCCS Marine Corps Community Services

MCX Marine Corps Exchange

MUTCD Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

NAVFAC Pacific Naval Facilities Engineering Command Pacific

NCO Non-Commissioned Officer

PCP Preliminary Criteria Package

PWO Public Works Officer

SHSM Standard Highway Signs and Markings

SRI Solar Reflectance Index

T/A Trim/Accent

TYP Typical

UFC Unified Facility Criteria

UFGS Unified Facility Guide Specifications

USGBC U.S. Green Building Council

USMC United States Marine Corps

USN United State Navy

UV Ultraviolet

VOC Volatile Organic Compound

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1 - 2

Chapter 1 | Introduction and Overview

Implementation

The Implementation section (Chapter 7) addresses the design review process. A single coordinated process in the Facilities Department for reviewing planned maintenance work, renovations, and new construction projects is recommended.

Having a structured process with trained personnel has a significant impact on improving base appearance consistency and quality.

IAP FORMAT

Design Guides

The Design Guides provide overarching guidance for the following elements:

• Chapter 2 Site Design

• Chapter 3 Architecture

• Chapter 4 Building Color

• Chapter 5 Landscape Architecture

• Chapter 6 Signage

The Design Guides should be used by MCAS Iwakuni personnel and contractors to guide new projects, renovations, and maintenance work and to ensure unified installation appearance.

The Design Guides should be disseminated to government personnel with design responsibilities and to all relevant personnel at the start of each project.

Specific IAP related resources are listed in each chapter for ease of reference.

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MCAS Iwakuni Installation Appearance Plan 5 - 1

Chapter 5 | Landscape Architecture

Landscape architecture applies artistic and scientific principles to the planning, design, and management of the natural and built environment. Through the arrangement of planting, landforms, and site amenities, landscape architecture helps create environments that are useful, aesthetically pleasing, safe, and enjoyable.

It is the goal of MCAS Iwakuni to implement appropriate and responsible landscape architecture throughout the Station, in line with budget allowances and considerations for unique project requirements.

In general, landscape architecture should be provided to:

• Enhance and organize the Station’s environment

• Visually organize buildings or a complex of buildings

• Enhance the Station’s architecture

• Link facilities with pedestrian connections

• Facilitate sustainability

• Encourage the use of outdoor facilities

This chapter provides guidance for landscape architecture in two sections: landscaping and site amenities. The landscaping section focuses on the planned arrangement of planting and natural landforms. The site amenities section focuses on the integration of built forms and furnishings that provide for the comfort, convenience, or enjoyment of a site.

Both landscaping and site amenities contribute to the overall makeup of landscape architecture.

Whenever possible, projects should allocate the industry standard of 3-4% of new construction costs for landscape architecture. These costs should be moderated with the unique requirements of the project and the master plan for the Station to ensure that the appropriate, rather than minimum, amount of landscape architecture is installed.

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5 - 2

REFERENCES

PUBLICATIONS

• UFC 4-010-01 DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings

• UFC 4-030-01 Sustainable Development

• UFC 3-210-10 DoD Low Impact Development

• UFC 4-030-01 DoD Sustainable Development

• UFC 3-201-02 Landscape Architecture

• UFC 3-210-02 POV Site Circulation and Parking

• UFC 3-260-01 Airfield and Heliport Planning and Design

• MCO 5530.14A Marine Corps Physical Security Program Manual

WEBSITES

• Whole Building Design Guide, Landscape Architecture http://www.wbdg.org/design/dd_landscapearch.php

http://www.wbdg.org/resources/lidtech.php

http://www.wbdg.org/resources/landscape_sitesecurity.

php

• United States Green Building Council http://www.usgbc.org/

APPLICATION OF THE GUIDELINES

The landscape architecture guidelines shall apply to all landscaping and site amenities at MCAS Iwakuni. Since landscaping affects other topics in these guidelines, designers shall coordinate the guidance of this chapter with other chapters to minimize possible conflicts.

The landscape architecture chapter provides guidance for required and desired landscaping and site amenities for the Station. Designers shall consult the master plan to coordinate landscape architecture elements with the overall Station layout. Where these guidelines provide options, designers may select from the elements presented to accommodate the specific requirements of the project.

Some of the graphic presentations in this chapter are meant to illustrate the concepts presented and to provide visual reference for preferred elements. The intent of providing these suggestions is to increase communication between designers and the Facilities Department on achieving the desired character for the installation.

final decision on development proposals for landscaping and site amenities.

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5 - 5

MCAS Iwakuni Installation Appearance Plan

LANDSCAPING

The landscaping design guide is intended to provide a comprehensive program to incorporate landscaping into the Station’s physical setting. In this section are subsections on:

Landscape Character•

– Balance of Variety and Consistency

– Local Landscaping Considerations

– Japanese Culture

Landscape Planning•

– Designing for Minimal Maintenance

– Plant Protection and Preservation

Landscape Design Guidelines•

– Street Trees

– Parking Lot Planting

– Facility Planting

– Open Space Planting

– Image Planting

– Screening and Buffering

Landscape Maintenance•

Landscape elements not covered in these guidelines may be

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LANDSCAPE CHARACTER

The landscape character for MCAS Iwakuni is intended to be consistent across the Station, express variation to avoid monotony, and reflect the local cultural sense of place.

To achieve the intended character, the landscape shall blend native and adaptive plants in a design expression that meets the standards, ideals, and functions of the USMC.

In general, the landscape shall:

Incorporate durable plant material and landscape features•

Incorporate native and adaptive plants that are appropriate • to the climate and site

Commemorate the culture of Japan through the use of • native plants and design elements

Balance of Variety and Consistency

Diverse architecture is inherent to military installations. The landscape design of MCAS Iwakuni can provide a unifying element by blending, screening and softening the variety of architectural forms and expressions, as well as provide buffers or transitional areas between different land uses.

While landscape design should be coordinated to provide a consistent landscape character, effort should also be made to provide variety and interest. The key is to find a balance between consistency and variety.

Local Landscaping Considerations

Landscaping at MCAS Iwakuni presents challenges due to the environmental and soil conditions:

• High water table

• Salt spray

• Saline soil

• Fill soil with varying characteristics

• Poor soil quality due to lack of organic material

The existing plant inventory is quite minimal and there is a limited record of proven performance of plant species, especially large canopy trees. In addition, the more mature

the Station.

The Recommended Plant List provided in Appendix B Plant Material identifies a variety of plant materials that are

planting location constraints, the landscape architect must use personal judgement in selecting the appropriate materials for each specific situation.

Typhoons occasionally pass near Iwakuni, but rarely strike the area directly. However, as much of the damage from typhoons is to vegetation, the selection and location of appropriate plant materials is important.

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5 - 7

Japanese Culture

In support of Executive Order 13148, Beneficial Landscaping, it is Navy policy to “use regionally native plants for landscaping.” Native plants have adapted to survive in climatic conditions that exist in the area and often require less water, care and maintenance.

Native plants are also an important part of a region’s cultural heritage. These plants were intertwined with the daily lives of the Japanese and were used for food, paper, medicine, fuel, dyes, construction and tools.

The use of native plants will serve as a means through which people might learn about Japanese culture, for example:

long history of the Maple as the subject of poems, novels, paintings and other art forms

The intent is not to suggest the creation of traditional Japanese gardens throughout the installation. While they may be appropriate at high profile areas, such gardens tend to be high maintenance due to extensive pruning requirements. The use of elements of traditional Japanese garden design such as rock, cobblestone, gravel, gates, and fencing is encouraged, where appropriate.

Sakura or Cherry Trees (Prunus spp.) planted at the Theater; the use of namesake plants provides meaning to building names

Traditional Japanese gardens may be appropriate at high visual impact areas, but typically require high maintenance due to extensive pruning requirements

Rock and gravel, elements of traditional Japanese garden design, may be used to create an attractive and low maintenance landscape

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5 - 8

LANDSCAPE PLANNING

Good landscape planning can positively affect the visual environment of the Station and reduce maintenance costs.

Choosing appropriate plant material for a given location and properly locating the plants are key in creating excellent landscaping.

Landscape planning elements discussed in this section include:

Plant Protection and Preservation•

Designing for Minimal Maintenance•

All landscape plans shall be prepared and stamped by a licensed landscape architect.

Designing for Minimal Maintenance

All landscapes require some degree of maintenance. The level of maintenance can be reduced through the selection of appropriate landscaping material, careful siting, and proper

SUSTAINABILITY

• Energy Conservation - The placement of plant materials can significantly increase energy efficiency;

locate deciduous trees to shade south, west and east-facing windows and walls in the summer and allow for winter solar heat gain; do not plant evergreen trees that will block southern exposures in the winter when the sun is lower in the sky

• Reduce Stormwater Runoff and Improve Hydrology – Plant materials intercept and store rainfall, delaying the onset of peak flows

• Erosion and Dust Control - Plant material reduces splash and runoff or sheet flow erosion and controls dust by stabilizing the soil

• Improve Air Quality – Plant materials absorb gaseous pollutants through leaf surfaces, intercept particulate matter and release oxygen through photosynthesis

Deciduous trees provide shade at the playground in the summer, but allows for solar access in the winter

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5 - 9 installation. Appendix C provides a comprehensive list of guidelines for designing for minimal maintenance; below are highlights:

Guidelines

• Plant trees instead of shrubs whenever possible to maximize the benefits to the environment and visual impacts. Select the largest trees possible to achieve maximum effect.

Use a combination of evergreen and deciduous trees to • provide summer shade and winter solar access

Provide only a temporary irrigation system during the plant • establishment period due to the annual rainfall

Allow plants to conform to their natural shape; this allows • the plant to mature in a healthy manner, and saves on resources required for trimming Add organic matter into the soil to provide nutrients, • improve drainage, and improve the water and nutrient-holding capacity of the soil Provide a gravel or concrete maintenance strip around the • perimeter of buildings

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Avoid litter-producing plants near the airfield and related • maintenance areas

surfaces of the airfield

Avoid landscaping that will encourage birds and other • wildlife from visiting or utilizing the airfield

maintenance shrub that does not require regular pruning

Icho or Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba);

locally available tree that is low maintenance, drought tolerant, pest and disease-resistant and tolerates most soils

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LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE

Proper maintenance is critical to sustaining the contributions that landscaping makes to the Station’s appearance. A successful maintenance program will:

Ensure clean and orderly appearance of grounds•

• Protect the health and safety of users

• Maintain the design intent of the landscaping

• Operate efficiently and within cost constraints

supervised to ensure compliance with program objectives.

shared with Station landscape maintenance personnel and contractors conducting landscape maintenance at MCAS Iwakuni.

Main Gate inside MCAS Iwakuni

Parking lot at Robert M. Casey Medical & Dental Clinic

Minimize high maintenance pruning

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Appendix D: Landscape Maintenance

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D - 3

Shrubs

Exercise care to avoid ‘girdling’ shrubs located in turf • areas

Trim and prune shrubs for health, safety and aesthetic • appearance; do not allow shrubs to obstruct vision at intersections, entranceways, or pedestrian walkways.

Prune shrubs that grow against or over structures

Trim and maintain hedges adjacent to roadways at a height • of 900 mm (36 inches) or less; hedges should not be placed within 9 M (30 feet) of a major intersection

Prune shrubs not identified as hedges to even form to match • its natural growth characteristics; water shoots, suckers, and branches not conforming to the desired shape and size should be removed

Some overgrown plants can be pruned to within 100 to • 150 mm (4 to 6 inches) of the ground as they will resprout, producing a thick growth of new shoots; knowledge of the plant material and its response to pruning is essential;

renovate selected overgrown plants over several months by removing a portion (one-third) of the old growth at each of three major prunings; removing all of the old growth over time will restore the natural appearance and retain the use of the plant in the landscape

Shear formal hedges so they are wider at the base than at • the top; frequency of shearing hedges depends on species, desired height and width, and design intent; shearing has a longer effect if performed after a flush of growth has ceased;

shear to one to three new leaves and buds; timing is based on the amount and cycle of growth; upper corners of the sheared hedges can be rounded or square-cut, depending on preference; visible stubs and branches shattered or split by shears should be removed with a clean cut with hand pruners

Exercise care to avoid ‘girdling’ shrubs in turf areas

Sharinbai or Yeddo Hawthorne (Rhaphiolepis umbellata)

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D - 4

Appendix D | Landscape Maintenance

Selectively prune informal hedges and screens by hand to • control height but retain a natural, softer appearance

If a hedge or screen has outgrown its desired size or • becomes unkempt, ragged or leggy (open at the base), cut back to one-half of the existing height and width; the height and form will redevelop to that desired after shearing a few times; renovation pruning is best accomplished just before a flush of growth so that the hedge is bare for the shortest period of time

Apply a 25 mm – 75 mm (1 to 3-inch) layer of mulch to • conserve moisture, buffer soil temperature, reduce erosion, provide nutrients and discourage the establishment of weeds; avoid placing mulch against the stems to avoid potential disease and insect damage; apply from near its stem(s) to the dripline for individual shrubs

Fertilize based on the requirements of the specific shrub; • the total nitrogen required should be apportioned equally to the number of fertilizer applications, usually 4 times a year; avoid dense piles of fertilizer at the crown or base of shrubs; apply minor elements as required

Kanamemochi or Japanese Photinia (Photinia glabra)

Hana Tsukubane Utsugi or Glossy Abelia (Abelia grandiflora)

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Trees

Remove dead trees•

Relocate or remove trees that must be regularly pruned due to • poor placement in relation to structures and utilities

Periodically inspect stakes, ties, guy supports and turnbuckles • and adjust as needed to avoid girdling and promote natural development; remove as soon as they are no longer needed

Have a certified arborist complete or oversee tree pruning•

Prune trees according to the latest International Society of • Arboriculture (ISA) Pruning Guidelines

Selectively prune trees for safety and health reasons•

Trim trees to leave a clear height of 4.25 M (14 feet) over streets, •

2.5 M (8 feet) over sidewalks and footpaths, and as necessary to clear power lines and other types of obstructions

Allow trees to grow to their mature heights and sizes according • to their species; topping ruins the natural form of the tree and increases the hazard potential of the plant; at no time should any tree be ‘topped’, ‘stubbed’, or ‘hat racked’ (pruning of all major branches to a uniform height or removal of all lateral or side branches); special pruning techniques such as ‘heading back’ (drastic shortening of major branches to a uniform level) or ‘elevating’ (removal of significant portion of the lower branches to a uniform height) should be considered only when no other alternative is available

Prune canopy trees to encourage healthy growth and prevent • wind damage to the trees

Pruning Frequency: Most routine pruning (removal of weak, • diseased or dead limbs) can be done at any time; growth is maximized and wound closure is fastest if pruning takes place before the spring growth flush, some trees tend to “bleed” if pruned in early spring; this may appear unsightly, but has little effect on the tree; avoid pruning any tree that is under stress, or just after the spring growth flush

Relocate or remove trees that are in conflict with structures or utilities

Periodically inspect tree guys and supports; adjust and remove as needed

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D - 6

Remove storm damaged and diseased or hazardous • growth as soon as possible after discovery

Pruning wounds do not need to be covered with a pruning • seal or paint, these materials do not prevent entry of disease or insects and may reduce closure of the wound

Prune roots of trees as needed; only one side of the tree • should be pruned per year and root pruning should not start until three years after the tree has been planted

If tree guards are installed, inspect them every year to • ensure that they are not restricting the growth of the trees;

adjust any tree guards that constrict the trunk or branches;

leave room for air to circulate.

If mulch is applied around trees to provide nutrients and for • weed suppression, moisture conservation, reduction of soil compaction, and buffering of soil temperature:

– Use a 50 mm (2-inch) layer for soils that are not well drained, and up to 100 mm (4-inches) if drainage is good

– Do not use excessive applications of finely textured mulch, which may cause oxygen deprivation; use a 25 to 50 mm (1 to 2-inch) layer only

– Do not pile mulch directly against the trunks and stems of trees which may cause inner bark (phloem) stress, fungal and bacterial diseases, and make trees more susceptible to borers; keep mulch 75 to 150 mm (3 to 6-inches) away from the trunks of young trees and 200 to 300 mm (8 to 12–inches) away from the trunks of mature trees

– Do not use mulch that is not properly composted

– Do not use mulch in perpetually wet soils which need as much oxygen as possible

– Mulch out to the tree’s dripline

Yurinoki or Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)

Momiji-ba Suzukake Noki or London Plane Tree (Platanus acerifolia)

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Palms

Prune palms to remove dead, dying, diseased, damaged • or unwanted fronds, seed pods and fruit clusters

– Remove petiole frond bases, shave trunks and form a sheath bowl at the base of remaining fronds

– Frond should be pruned to a 180-degree angle above the horizontal plane

– All tools should be disinfected with a 50 percent chlorine bleach solution or an approved disinfectant where a possible transmission of disease between individual palms exists

If mulch is applied around palms to provide nutrients and • for weed suppression, moisture conservation, reduction of soil compaction, and buffering of soil temperature:

– Use a 50 mm (2-inch) layer for soils that are not well drained, and up to 100 mm (4-inches) if drainage is good

– Do not use excessive applications of finely textured mulch, which may cause oxygen deprivation; use a 25 to 50 mm (1 to 2-inch) layer only

– Do not pile mulch directly against the trunks of palms to avoid potential disease and insect problems; keep mulch 150 mm (6-inches) away from the trunks of palms

– Do not use mulch that is not properly composted

– Do not use mulch in perpetually wet soils which need as much oxygen as possible

– Mulch out to the palm’s dripline Fertilize palms with a material formulated for palms or • a ‘palm special’ fertilizer according to manufacturer’s instructions

Shuro or Windmill Palm (Trachycarpus fortunei)

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D - 10

Do not overprune palms; removing too many fronds may • expose the bud or growing point to more wind and potential damage

Minimizing Wind Damage: Pre-storm

After a tree has been selected and planted so as to minimize hazards, there remain cultural practices that will affect its survival during a typhoon.

Allow trees to adjust to the wind environment; If newly • planted trees need to be staked, loosely tie the tree where the stem can bend and move with the wind; ensure that no girdling occurs by continuing to loosen the ties

Keep trees as healthy as possible:•

– Healthy trees adjust more quickly to changes in the environment and are more wind firm

– Pest damage and old wounds are structurally weaker than normal solid wood

– Roots that are constrained, diseased or damaged during construction are subject to greater stress as the top of the tree increases in size

Do not overfertilize the tree with nitrogen or overwater the • soil; both of these practices can increase crown surface area and decrease the rooting area

Practice proper pruning techniques •

Eliminate co-dominant branches; co-dominant branches • (forks) are structurally weak and subject to split and cracks

Eliminate lopsided crowns; more wind load on one side • produces twisting which weakens the crown and stem

Prune trees to have one main stem; eliminate branches with • tight or narrow crotches which are potential weak spots

Prevent damage to the trunks of palms from line trimmers; • wounds to the trunks of palms do not heal over as in trees, thereby weakening the trunk

Remove weak and diseased trees and palms as part of the • landscape maintenance program

Allow for some trunk movement; stake only as high as necessary to prevent movement of the rootball

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D - 11

Minimize Wind Damage: Post-storm

Much of the damage caused by storms is to vegetation.

Basic tree care after a storm includes:

Prune broken limbs to minimize the risk of decay entering • the wound; prune smaller branches at the point where they join larger ones; for larger branches, prune back to the trunk or a main limb

Repair torn bark to eliminate hiding places for insects and • help wounds heal faster

Many trees have an outstanding ability to recover from storm damage. Only restore trees that have major limbs, trunks, and roots intact. In general:

Mature, healthy trees can survive the loss of a major limb•

Young trees can sustain quite a bit of damage, yet still heal • quickly

A healthy tree can be saved even though it has been • damaged, if enough strong limbs remain

For marginal trees, resist the temptation to immediately • cut it down; remove the damaged limbs and monitor the tree’s health

Remove the damaged tree if:

It has already been weakened by disease•

The lower trunk is split, cracked or broken•

The remaining tree structure is highly susceptible to • breakage due to poor initial structure

The tree has lost its crown•

Most of the damage to the canopy is large diameter (>8”) • branches

Major roots are severed or broken•

The tree is leaning towards a target•

After a storm, trees that have been wholly uprooted with the rootball intact may be encountered. These trees may be saved by:

Covering the exposed roots as soon as possible with wet • burlap, sand, mud or other material to keep the roots from drying out before they can be righted

Trimming the shattered roots, if any, just before righting the • tree

Installing guy wires to hold the tree in place, after it is • restored to its original position, until the root system can regenerate

Watering the tree well; water slowly for a long period•

Monitoring for insects and diseases•

For single trunk palms left standing, it is often difficult to determine whether the bud or growing point has been damaged. In general:

Remove hanging or dead fronds•

Remove fronds that could impede new growth at the bud • or growing point, so new fronds can emerge

Leave bent fronds attached to the palm until new fronds • fully emerge; these fronds provide energy to the palm

Water the palm well•

Allow for at least 6 months or longer for palms to put out • new growth

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Appendix E: Guiding Principles for Landscape Maintenance

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GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR

LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE

MCAS Iwakuni Installation Appearance Plan E - 1

Appendix XX |

Appendix E | Guiding Principles for Landscape Maintenance

The following bilingual Guiding Principles for Landscape Maintenance in English and Japanese should be shared with Station landscape maintenance personnel and contractors conducting landscape maintenance at MCAS Iwakuni.

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GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR

LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE

MCAS Iwakuni Installation Appearance Plan E - 2

Appendix XX |

Appendix E | Guiding Principles for Landscape Maintenance

TREE PRUNING

The desired aesthetic for MCAS Iwakuni is one where trees are grown in a more natural style and are thinned rather than clipped. Trees should be allowed to reach their mature size.

Traditional Japanese tree pruning techniques that keep trees small are time consuming and expensive.

Traditional Japanese tree pruning is only for selected locations: Building 360, JMSDF Headquarters, and the main gate where elements of traditional Japanese garden design are desired.

木の剪定 岩国海兵隊基地の希望は、木をなるべく 手を加えないように育て、木・枝をクリッ プせずに葉・小枝を取るだけで形を整え て、成木のサイズまで育てる。

日本風な木の剪定方法は手間をかけ、小 さく育てるけど、それにはお金と時間が かかるので 日本風の剪定は選ばれた次 の場所だけにする。

Ｂｌｄｇ３６０、 岩国海上自衛隊本部

（ＪＭＳＤＦ ＨＱ）、 それと メイン

ゲートには 日本庭園を希望する。

Yes Selected Areas Only

（特定した場所）

Juniperus chinensis with a natural form. 自然のまま

Juniperus chinensis pruned in the tamazukuri style. 玉作り風

Cedrus deodora with a natural form at Monzen housing. 自然のまま

Cedrus deodora pruned in the edasukashishitate style in Hiroshima. 枝透かし仕立て風

Liriodendron tulipifera at Monzen housing. 自然のまま

Liriodendron tulipifera in Hiroshima. 特別に剪定

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E - 3

TREE SUPPORTS

Traditional Japanese tree supports utilize wooden poles, tying and wrapping which may be detrimental to the long term health of the tree.

Trees that are staked improperly will:

• Grow taller, but with decreased trunk diameter

• Develop a smaller root system

• Suffer rubbing and girdling injuries from stakes and ties

• Be more likely to be damaged during high wind events after the stakes are removed

At MCAS Iwakuni:

• Only stake trees when necessary

• Place stakes as low as possible;

no higher than 2/3 the height of the tree

• Use flexible materials to tie the tree to the stakes to allow for movement all the way down to the ground, so the trunk taper develops properly

• Check the tree regularly and adjust the ties as needed

• Remove the staking materials after the roots have established

サポート

日本式のサポートは木に支柱、ロープ又は 紐、保護材を使います。それらは時間がたつ と木の健康に害となる恐れがある。 （写真参 照）

支柱のサポートが不適切に使われてる場合：

• 木が高くなるけど、胴体が太らない

• 根が広く張らない

• 支柱や紐で 木に傷が付く

• 支 柱 をとっ た 後 強 風 によって 木 に 障害を与える可能性が多い

岩国海兵隊基地の要望は：

• 木に支えが必要な時期にだけ支柱を 使う

• 支柱は出来るだけ低く、木の２/３の 以下の場所に低く付ける

• 木の胴体が適正に成長するように、 伸縮 する材料を使い、いつでも動かせ るよう にする （写真上：ゴムのベル トを使って る）

• 木を定期的にチェックする。

• 根 が 十 分と張った 後 に 支 柱を撤 去 する。

Yes

Staking allows for movement of the tree.

木が動かせるように補助する。

No

Traditional tree support in Tokyo. The trunk of the tree is starting to grow around the wooden members.

サポートが木に食い込んでいる

Tying materials have not been removed and are girdling the tree trunk.

紐またはロープが木に食い込ん でいる

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E - 4

Appendix XX | Guiding Principles for Landscape Maintenance

Appendix E | Guiding Principles for Landscape Maintenance

SHRUBS

Shrubs in traditional Japanese gardens are often clipped in a style know as “karikomi” which creates tightly clipped, organic shapes.

The desired aesthetic for MCAS Iwakuni is for a more natural style. Shrubs that do not require regular pruning or shaping are preferred to minimize maintenance.

Hedges are preferred to the more labor intensive pruning required to create topiary-like forms.

The exceptions are high profile areas such as Building 360, JMSDF Headquarters, and the main gate where elements of traditional Japanese garden design are desired. The height of the Kanamemochi or Japanese Photinia (Photinia glabra) hedge along Family Housing just inside the Main Gate should also be maintained at a height to allow views of the cap of the Japanese wall.

低木 日本風ガーデンでは低木は「かりこ み」スタイルにカットされてる。

岩国海軍基地では自然なスタイルを 好み、メインテナンスを最小限にす るため、低木は定期的な剪定はしな い。

生垣にはもう少し時間をかけ、 トピ アリー（装飾庭園）らしくする。

例外ＸＸ－０１に書いたように、 日

本風なガーデンデザインをしてもら う 指定した場所 Ｂｌｄｇ３６０

、海上自衛隊本部（ＪＭＳＤＦ Ｈ

Ｑ），メインゲートです。

メインゲートからファミリーハウジン グよりに続くカナメモチ生け垣は塀 の瓦が見える高さで剪定する。

Yes Selected Areas Only

（特定した場所）

Nandina domestica does not require regular pruning.

定期的の剪定は必要ない木

Shrubs clipped in the karikomi style which is very high maintenance.

Photinia glabra is kept low to allow for views of the Japanese-style wall behind it.

Japanese garden near the JMSDF Headquarters.

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ATTACHMENT J-1503050-19

ARTIFICIAL TURF MAINTENANCE MANUAL