Kingman_Multiple_Resource_Area_1986.pdf

NFS Form 10-900 (3-82)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type ail entries complete applicable sections______________

1. Name /

OMB No. 1024-O018 Expires 10-31-87

For NFS use only received /\PR 4 date entered

Mft I A historic Historic Resources of Kingman T Arizona and or common Kingman Multiple Resource Area

2. Location street & number Portions of Sections 23,24, and 25; T21N, R17W not for publication city, town Kingman vicinity of state Arizona code 04 county Mohave code 015

3. Classification Category Ownership district public building(s) private structure X both site Public Acquisition object N/A in process

X .~. . 1 4.. •; - 1 ~ beina consideredmultiple uciny UUIIOIUCICM resource

Status X occupied X unoccupied work in progress Accessible X yes: restricted

JL_ yes: unrestricted "no

Present Use agriculture

X commercial X educational entertainment X government industrial military

X museum JL_park

X private residence X religious scientific X transportation

Other*

4. Owner of Property name Multiple ownership; sep individual inventory forms street & number city, town Kingman vicinity of state Arizona courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Mohave County Courthouse street & number 4th at Spring city, town Kingman state Arizona title See continuation sheet has this property been determined eligible? yes no date federal state county local depository for survey records Mohave County Historical Society city, town Kingman state Arizona

NFS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (3-82) Exp. 10-31-84

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet •*•_________________Item number___6_________Page 1

REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS

1) Previous Surveys: Kingman Historic Property Survey, 1979

2) Kingman Historic Resource Survey, 1984

3) Listed on National Register:

5-1 Mohave County Courthouse (listed 8-25-83) 5-25 Mohave County Jail (1 si ted 8-25-83)

5-26 Bonelli House (listed 4-24-75)

11^6 Hubbs Residence (listed 6-15-78)

4) Listed on State Register:

4-5 Little Red School (1 isted 3-28-84)

7. Description Condition

A excellent X good x fair

Check one X deteriorated _X _ unaltered ruins X altered X unexposed

Check one X original site moved date thcupresent and original (if known) physical appearance

* Wl , SUMMARY

The Kingman Multiple Resource Area includes the original townsite and the immediate surrounding area, as defined by the 1979 and 1984 Historic Property Surveys and shown on the appended map. Within this area are buildings, structures, objects, and sites which represent the history of Kingman and exemplify the development of the community from its inception as a railroad town in 1882 through the end of the historic period in 1939. The MRA contains individual properties which illustrate the social, cultural, commercial, and architectural forces at work in the growth of the town during this 57-year period. Included are two archaeological sites which have the potential to yield information about these themes. The MRA en compasses a historic district consisting of the original business center of the town. The remainder of the properties are scattered throughout the MRA. These surrounding residential areas, while well-developed and completely infilled today, illustrate the dispersed pattern of development common in Kingman rs historic period. The MRA contains 63 properties (53 individual and 10 within one historic district) which include a total of 82 contributing elements. These elements are.

counted as follows: 60 buildings, 16 structures, 4 objects, and 2 sites. See Item 7, pp. 16-20, for a complete property inventory. .The narrative text in Items 7 and 8 contains references to a larger number of properties than the actual number of properties nominated. Several properties have been withdrawn from the Kingman MRA because there does not appear to be enough information to" justify their inclusion at this time (see Item 7, p, 20, for a list of properties withdrawn from the Kingman MRA), Some of these withdrawn properties could poten tially be added to the MRA at a later date. For this reason, they are included in the Description and Significance discussions.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The City of Kingman is located on gently sloping hills within a natural basalt basin between the Hualapai, Cerbat, and Black Mountains, Access to the city is by natural passes at the northeast and southwest ends of the basin. The surround ing mountain ranges have been historically rich in minerals and provided much pf the business supporting the city. For many decades, hundreds of mines and claims in the county used Kingman as their shipping, freighting, and supply center.

NFS Form 10-900-a OMB No . 1024-0018 (3-82) Expires 10-31-87

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet Z_____•_____________Item number 7___________Page t-

Cattle ranching is the second major source of business for the area. Dozens of ranches throughout the .county rely on Kingman for supplies and shipping.

The city is centrally located in sparsely populated Mohave County in northwestern Arizona and is the county seat, as well as the business and commercial node of the county.

Kingman is accessible by three highways, Routes 93, 66, and Interstate 40; the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway;

and by air. These transportation routes were at one time important in establishing Kingman as the link to Boulder Dam and building a tourist industry.

Kingman ! s elevation is 3,335 feet and its climate is mild.

The population in 1980 was 20,311, equalling 36 percent of Mohave County's population. Population estimates available for 1900 show 550 residents; for 1919, about 3,000; and for 1929, about 2,000. Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps show the town's size in 1890 and 1896 as eight sparsely settled blocks north of the tracks; it is known that some residences and lodging houses were by this time built on the south side. The 1898, 1901, and 1910 maps have 20 settled blocks. By 1923, 53 blocks were either completely or partially settled.

The Multiple Resource Area was thoroughly developed during the historic period, but is not densely covered with buildings.

As in many small Arizona cities, open spaces prevail in residential areas, while commercial growth is more compacted.

Residential areas infilled slowly, today presenting neighbor hoods of mixed architectural styles covering long periods of time. Although historical reference is made to many lodging houses being built, only five are known to remain in the area. Two of the three hotels built before 1910 remain.

The city's streets were laid in a grid pattern paralleling the railroad tracks, and run northwest/southeast in direction.

Streets are wide and paved. Residential areas are quiet;

traffic is generally confined to the commercial sector and the crosstown highways.

Houses are generally set back from the street in a uniform manner, with large, often enclosed yards and sidewalks para lleling the street. Most residences in the Multiple Resource Area are unpretentious and well-maintained. Many of the properties are built of locally-quarried tufa stone.

NFS Form 10-900-a 0MB Wo. 1024-0018

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 3 _ Item number 7 Page 3

Two quarries are known to have been heavily used during the historic period: the first was the Charles Metcalfe Quarry, opened in 1902, and/.the second was the Anson Smith Quarry, opened south of town in 1915. Buildings utilizing this stone blend well with the desert terrain and hills of Kingraan.

The hilly nature of the city is used to advantage; many houses feature rock retaining walls and exposed rock foundations or basements. Landscaping is both desert and cultivated. Green lawns and flowerbeds are mixed with desert landscaping of granite, cactus, and desert plants. During the 1800s and early 1900s, landscaping was generally natural desert features, but hundreds of "umbrella trees", planted as each house was completed, gave shade and a sense of coolness to the barren environment. Very few of these trees remain.

At one time, Kingman was known as "The City of Windmills".

Virtually every property had its own well, windmill, and water tank, as seen on maps and in historic photographs.

One windmill is known to remain today in the Multiple Resource Area.

Commercial properties have zero setback, are flush with the sidewalks bordering the streets, and abut each other.

No landscaping exists in the commercial sector in the Multiple Resource Area.

EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND USE OF MATERIALS

Like most of the smaller communities in the western United States, Kingman's architectural expression is a combination of vernacular interpretation of natural styles executed in locally available materials. By combining cultural tradition with economical means, the architecture of each isolated community becomes unique, Kingman follows this pattern.

Architectural Historian David Gebhard states, "while there is a certain degree of unanimity in regard to pre-1800 architectural styles, confusion and continual disagreement seem to abound regarding most of those styles which came about from the late 19th century through much of the 20th century." To separate vernacular examples into "high style"

NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No . 10 24-0018

(3"82) Expires 10-31-87

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 4 Item number 7 Page 4 categories is at times contrived and even erroneous. In many communities overall stylistic classification is impossible. Stylistic characteristics have been combined into composite examples. Many times these local variations became the most interesting architectural resources to that specific community.

In Kingman, stylistic variation conforms with national trends but is highly adapted to the local conditions, especially in the use of materials. The architecture of Kingman shows a wide variation in the use of wood sheathing;

has many igneous and sedimentary stone buildings, both commercial and residential; and retains a high proportion of early concrete and concrete block structures. Only a few fired red brick and adobe brick buildings are found in the community.

One of the more distinguishing qualities of Kingman's architecture is the stone buildings, all built of tufa quarried near town. This native tufa was used in public and private buildings: schools, churches, government buildings, fraternal lodges, commercial buildings, and residences.

Thirteen buildings of stone remain with integrity in the Multiple Resource Area. Only six buildings are of fired brick, nine are of adobe, 26 are of wood, and 24 are of concrete.

The earliest buildings in Kingman are Indigenous forms derived from miners' cabins of wood and adobe, and simple Queen Anne cottages. By the turn of the century, the Neo-Colonial Revival style and Neo-Classical Revival style were most popular. From 1910 to 1920, the Bungalow was most influential in residential construction, and 20th Century Commercial and Mission Revival styles were popular for institutional and commercial buildings. Finally, from 1920 to 1940, Spanish Colonial Revival, Moderne, and other Period Revival styles were introduced.

Eight properties have been classified as Indigenous style.

This style is recognizable in the house form, ^usually a rectangular shape with end gables. Generally a verandah extends the length of the long part of the house at right

NFS Form 10-900-a OMB No . 1024-0018 <3'82) Expires 10-31-87

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 5 Item number 7 Page angles to the gables. The houses are simple and undecorated, built of wood or easily available material, such as adobe.

The earliest example of this style (7(->4) is a frame structure with board and batten siding, c.1890. This Indigenous house form is also executed in clapboard, shiplap, double ogee board and batten, and plain board and batten (3-1, 8-11, 8-12, 8-13, 8-14, 11-5). One Indigenous house is constructed of adobe (.10-3).

Queen Anne elements are found on five double ogee board and batten and plain board and batten residential properties, two commercial properties and the 1896 brick schoolhouse (4-5).

Identifying characteristics for these Queen Anne properties include ell-shapes, steep-pitched intersecting gable roofs, vertical emphasis, double-hung windows and wraparound or shed roof porches for the houses, and straight-sided arched windows with hoods, textured wall surfaces, and parapet ornamentation for the commercial buildings. Again board and batten (5-8) and clapboard (5-14, 8-8) are used on frame construction. Two very unusual Queen Anne cottages are the Hubbs Residence (11-6) and Dennis House (7^2), because both are wood-sheathed adobes originally built that way. The Hotel Beale (7-7) and Thompson's Saloon (7-6) both originally had Queen Anne detailing with brick facades, but have been changed by modifications which have become significant in and of themselves.

Of the eleven Neo-Colonial Revival buildings in the nomination, two are significant adobe (1-2, 5-6); three are stone (4-1, 4-8, 5-26); four are frame, with clapboard (1-1), board and batten (5-15, 7-3) and stucco (9-4); and two are cast-in-place concrete (5-25, 8-10). Neo-Colonial Revival qualities are evidenced in both large, two-story residences and modest residences as well as the County Jail. Many properties include characteristics from the revivals of both Georgian and Colonial styles. These qualities include symmetry in massing, hip roofs in the smaller forms, or a dominant single roof, boxed eaves, plain board frieze below the eaves, central entries, and discrete hung windows. The Blakely House (5-6) is the earliest known surviving adobe in Kingman, and was remodeled with Neo-Colonial Revival elements c.1910, while the Carr House (1-2) is a rare example in Kingman of two-story

NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No _ io24-0018

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 6 Item number 7 Page 6 adobe construction. All three of the stone Neo-Colonial Revival houses are significant (4-1, 4-8, 5-26) because of their integrity and use of material. One of these, the Bonelli House (5-26), is already listed on the National Register. The most intact and representative of the Neo-Colonial Revival frame buildings is the Kayser House (1-1) with its symmetrical plan and surrounding verandah.

The house at 511 Park (8-10) is a very rare local example of expressed cast-in-place concrete used in a residential design.

The most important local example of Neo-Classical Revival architecture is the Mohave County Courthouse (.5-1). St.

John's Church (,5-11) is of state importance. Both of these imposing public buildings were built of local tufa and exhibit Neo-Classical Revival qualities such as classical columns, linteled doors and windows, pedimented porticos, and broad wall surfaces.

Rustic Richardsonian Romanesque traits are evident in the stone Elks Lodge (4-4), executed in a revival of this style, and featuring round arches, stone construction, a sense of massiveness, and simplicity of form. The arcade, a later addition, continues the style and is complementary to the original building.

Within the study area, the Bungalow is the most dominant residential style. Twenty-one Bungalows have been included in this nomination, each unique and expressive of the style.

Characteristics shared by each property include multiple gables; broad, low-pitched roofs; bracketed, broad, open eaves; gable porches with square or tapered posts; multi-light windows; and broad, low dormers. The Bungalows included here have been executed in a variety of materials. Of the eleven frame Bungalows, six have clapboard siding (1-3, 2U6, 3-3, 3-7, 5-13, 11-3), two have shingles (1-6, 5-12), one has stucco (.5-9), and two have shiplap (3-9, 4-7). The three stone Bungalows are divided between rubble (5-2, 9-1) and coursed (10-1) construction. The two adobe Bungalow properties include a single-family residence (5^7) and a group of five cottages (.9-6). There are included also three early concrete block Bungalows (.3-4, 3-8, 4-10). Finally, there is one brick (.1-4) and one cast-in-place concrete Bungalow (5-5).

NPS Form 10-900-a OMB NO. 1024-0018 (3-82> Expires 10-31-87

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 7 ltem number 7 Page

Mission Revival design arrived literally with the railroad.

Mission Revival style is exhibited as curvilinear parapets, arched and tiled roofs, smooth-plastered walls, balconies, towers, and lack of ornamentation. The AT&SF Depot (8-5) is one of the oldest and best examples of this style in Kingman and is one of the best Mission Revival railroad stations in Arizona. The 1907 St. Mary's Catholic Church (4-3) is a local variation of the style executed in stone.

The I.O.O.F. Building (5-18) defies stylistic classification, but appears to be influenced by the Mission Revival style, as seen in its curvilinear parapets. In 1916, "-the Queen Anne style Hotel Beale (7-7) was remodeled and added to with a change to Mission Revival exterior details and Craftsman interior details. Other commercial buildings with Mission Revival details include the Van Marter Building (5-20) and the Mulligan Building (7-12). The 1922 Mohave County Hospital (11-7) was the largest and most complex Mission Revival design in Kingman.

The seven Twentieth Century Commercial style buildings have a wide variety of use, scale, and materials. These commercial buildings are identified stylistically in their simple, unornamented form; flat or stepped parapets; large first-floor display windows; and use of construction material and glass to give texture and interest to the square and rectangular building shapes. The most representative of this style are the two-story retail stores (4-15, 7-9, 8-2, and 8-3), which are built of rusticated concrete block, stone and concrete.

One-story retail stores (5-21, 7-8) include the best examples of their type. The last structure (7-11) is auto-related with garage doors being the prominent feature.

Period Revival styles are essentially a reenactment of several traditional styles; examples in Kingman include Spanish Colonial Revival, Italian Revival, .-- .and English Revival. Spanish Colonial Revival features plastered walls in textures; cast or carved ornamentation and columns or pilasters at arches and entries; arcades; balconies with wrought iron railings; window grills; and red tile roofs or parapet trim. Italian Revival exhibits verticality, long, narrow windows, flat parapets, symmetrical shape, and entablatures or band courses between floors. English Revival characteristics include steeply gabled roofs, half-timbering in the gable ends, assymetrical massing and multiple gabled roof planes on the same orientation.

NPS Form 10·900·1 OMB.No. 1024-0018 Exp:J.res 10-Jl-81 (3-32)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form

Continuation sheet 8 Item number 7 Page 8

Period Revival designs in Kingman are dominated by the Spanish Revival style, as seen in houses (2-1, 2-3) ,··a duple¥ (2-2), and one commercial building, built by the telephone company (4-12}. The 1935 Post Office (5-23) and the 1928 Grammar School (5-24) both have an Italian appearance and feature tall, narrow windows; verticality; flat parapet; and entabla tures or band courses. Tbe stone Anderson House (5-3) is an English variation of Period Revival.

Tbe Moderne style, with its vertical emphasis, stepped pilasters and entries, and deco detailing, is found on four buildings in Kingman. The most significant is the natural cast-in-place concrete Masonic Temple (5-22), which is most related to the Federal Moderne Movement of the 1930s.

Stepped-back facade planes and splayed buttresses.distinguish the Gymnasium (3-5), while stepped-back entries, stuccoed wall planes and simple pilasters are found on two Moderne commercial buildings (5-17, 8-6).

Tbe architecture of Kingman is interesting because of the high integrity of many late 19th century and early 20th century examples, and the local variations of regional and national styles. But the most important characteristic of Kingman's architectural heritage is the use of wood, stone, and concrete in the creation of these variations in des~gn and use. In particular, the intense use of stone from local quarries emphasizes the adaptability and interpretation of styles to available materials.

ARCHEOLOGY

Two archeological sites (0-1 and 7-13) were located in the Multiple Resource Area which have the potential to yield information useful and important to the understanding of Kingman's history. Each site represents a different aspect of the city's development .• orig occupied by the Lovin merchandise store, built in 1895 as the

The site was general

Lake Building and

NPS Form 10·900-a

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form

Continuation sheet 9 Item number 7

OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87 demolished in the recent past. The site is now an asphalt parking lot. The two-story brick store was located at the hub of commercial activity in Kingman and was the la~gest and most impressive business building for many decades. The city's po~t office was located in the buildigg for many years.

Henry Lovin was one of Kingman's most eminent entrepreneurs and also served as sheriff. It is kn0wn the building had a large basement beneath it as well as a ce:tiar, later covered by an addi"t ion, in the rear of the original building. .

Although no artifacts or structural evidence is visible, the potential for information in this sealed site is high. This archeological site could yield information about the physical development of the town, construction methods, and business activities, as an Indian campground, where Hualapai Indians camped when in town to trade with railroad passengers and to buy supplies, The site is the only remaining campground of the three mentioned. Plain 'and decorated redware sherds were noted during a brief survey of the hill. The hill was also used as an early trash dump by Kingman residents. Artifacts dating between the 1880s and the 1910s were viewed at the site. Some potting of the Anglo trash areas has occured. This site is valuable for its potential to yield information about consumption/discard patterns, availability of material goods, and daily life in early Kingman.

HISTORIC DISTRICT

An historic district has been defined in the original business core of Kingman. The district includes some of the oldest commercial structures in "the city, as well as· the railroad depot. The district is described in the attached nomination form and is illustrated on the appended-map. The following buildings and sites are included in the -district.

NPS Form 10-900-a

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 10 Item number

OMB Wo. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87

7-12 John Mulligan Building

7^11 Old Trails Garage

7-10 Arizona Stores Co.

7-9 Hotel Brunswick

7-8 Lovin Building

7-7 Hotel Beale

7-6 Ed Thompson's Saloon

7-13 Archeological Site

8-5 AT&SF Railroad Depot

8-6 Luthy Block/Watking Drug

- Contributing

- Non-contributing

- Non-contributing

- Contributing

- Contributing

- Contributing

- Non-contributing

- Contributing

- Contributing

- Contriburing

This group of buildings is a cohesive unit representing a long period of Kingman's history, from the initial construction of commercial buildings in the 1880s to the diminishing of the importance of the city as a shipping and mining supply center in the 1940s. The group as a whole retains high integrity and has a strong historic association with the development of the city and with many of its impor tant citizens.

The District extends from the present Kingman Drug (.8-6) at the northeast corner of Fourth and Andy Devine (formerly Front Street), west to the Mulligan Building (.7-12) on the northeast corner of Third and Andy Devine, and includes the depot on the south side of Andy Devine. See district nomination form for more information.

NPS Form 10-900-a 0MB No. 1024-0018 <3'82> Expires 10-31-87

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet -H _ Item number 7 Page II

METHODOLOGY

This Multiple Resource Area Nomination is an outgrowth of the 1984 Kingman Historic Resource Survey, which was designed to complete an earlier survey begun in 1979. Completion of the 1979 survey set parameters for the 1934 survey and subsequent Multiple Resource Area Nomination that were unlike parameters of surveys newly be,gun in 1984. These parameters included surveying only the resources within the 1979 boundaries and restricting the survey to only those buildings built during the historic period of concern (pre-1940). A one hundred percent survey of all buildings within the survey boundaries was not required to be completed by the consultants;

the City of Kingman completed survey forms on all non-eligible buildings, based on data provided by the consultant.

The goal of the Kingman Historic Resource Survey of 1984 was to identify potentially significant properties within the previous Kingman Historic Property Survey boundaries and evaluate them in terms of National Register eligibility. To accomplish this goal, the City of Kingman retained Janus Associates, Inc., as professional consultants to undertake a field survey, gather historical data, and prepare a report of findings and recommendations.

During the field survey conducted by the consultants, a total of 110 buildings and structures were recorded on Arizona State Historic Property Inventory Forms ("Long Forms"). This number included the 75 properties originally inventoried by the 1979 survey, which were reinspected and recorded on long forms. This list of properties became tihe Research Inventory.

All of the remaining buildings within the survey boundaries were recorded on "Short Forms" by the City of Kingman. Research files were created for each long-formed property, incor porating all prior information from the 1979 survey files.

Arizona State Historic Property Inventory Forms were completed following guidelines issued by the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office. These "Guidelines for Historic and Architectural Surveys", issued in 1983, and a clarification addendum, issued in 1984, establish the content and scope of information required for assessment of the surveyed property.

NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No . j. 024-0018

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 12 ltem number 7 Page 12

Volunteers were trained during the field survey phase to utilize the Mohave County Recorder's Office books to assemble chains of title on the 110 properties identified by the survey.

The chains of title yielded property owners' names, which were then researched by Janus Associates personnel. Historic photograph files were searched at the Mohave Museum of History and Arts in Kingman, and pertinent historic photographs were copied for study. Arizona State Historic Property Inventory Forms were updated and completed using the information in the research files, Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, and reference literature.

The draft report was submitted to the City of Kingman and to the State Historic Preservation Office for comments. The final report was then prepared, emphasizing evaluation of the properties for National Register significance, development of architectural styles, and an historic overview.

In May, 1985, Janus Associates was retained by the City of Kingman to prepare a Multiple Resource Area Nomination.

The survey area was reinspected to ascertain changes in conditions of properties which would affect their significance or integrity, and additional photographs were taken. Supplemen tary historical research was undertaken at the Mohave County Museum of History and Arts and the Arizona State Capitol and Archives to broaden the understanding of Kingman's history and to provide additional biographical data for potentially important individuals associated with the city.

This research disclosed the existence of the three Hualapai campgrounds once within the city limits; these were examined immediately. Of the three, only one remained; the other two had been destroyed in the process of expanding the city.

Surface indications at this remaining site (0-1) were sufficient to preclude the need for subsurface testing. Surface scatters of Hualapai plain and decorated sherds and possible rock rings from temporary shelters, plus the historical knowledge that this was a temporary camp site, obviated the need for potentially destructive testing on this privately-owned land. Evidence of use of the site by Anglos as an historic trash dump was visible both on the

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 13 Item number 7 Page 13 surface of the hill and in potting holes dug into the trash exposing glass, cans, metal, and ceramic artifacts. This archeological site was discovered just outside the 1979 survey boundaries. As it was felt the site was important, the boundaries for the Multiple Resource Area were expanded to include this site.

The archeological site designated part of the Historic District C7-13) was considered likely to be intact beneath the asphalt surface. Although no surface indications exist for the presence of a site, historical research fully documented the site's long-term use and likelihood of yielding useful information.

In assessing the properties in the Kingman Multiple Resource Area, the National Register's "Criteria for Evaluation" were used to evaluate significance and integrity. Criterion A association "with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history" and Criterion B association "with the lives of persons significant in our past" were guidelines in evaluating the significance of Kingman's history, its influential citizens, and the themes relating the birth and growth of the city to larger regional patterns and systems. Criterion D was applied in the selection of archeological sites to be nominated.

Criterion C was most intensively utilized in studying Kingman's remaining historic resources from an architectural position. This criterion states that properties may be eligible "that embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic value, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction..."

The "Guidelines for Applying Criterion C" in "How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation", June 1982, were useful in clearly explaining the architectural emphasis which could be attached to each building. These guidelines defined Criterion C and allowed the application of the criterion to each architectural property. The guidelines most utilized are expressed below.

NFS Form 10-900-a OMB NO. 1024-0018 (3"82) Expires 10-31-87

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory — Nomination Form Continuation sheet ^ Item number 7 Page

1. "The features or traits of design or construction that tended to recur in particular types, periods, or methods of construction can be said to characterize those kinds of properties or construction practices in the past.

To "embody distinctive characteristics" a property must clearly represent the type, period, or method of con struction. That is, it must enhance our understanding of the class of resources of which it is a part. A significant property clearly illustrates (1) the pattern of what was common to the class of resources; 1(;2) the individuality or variation that occurred within the class; (3) the evolution of that class over a period of time; or (4) the transition between the class and others.

Characteristics may be expressed in terms such as form, structure, plan, style, or materials. They may be general, referring more to ideas of design and construction, such as basic plan or form, or they may be specific, referring to precise ways of combining particular kinjls of materials. The characteristics that link properties by type, period, or method of construction may stem from shared or related cultural background, technology, needs, purpose/use, traditions of construction, workmanship, availability of materials, etc.

2. The phrase "type, period, or method of construction" refers to properties related by cultural tradition, or function; by date of construction or style; or by choice or availability of materials and technology.

3. High artistic values may be expressed in many ways, including areas as diverse as community design or planning, engineering, and sculpture.

4. A master is a figure of generally recognized greatness in a field, a known craftsman of consummate skill, or an anonymous craftsman whose work is distinguishable from others by its characteristic style or quality.

5. A district must be a significant entity. It must be important for historical, architectural, archeological, engineering, or cultural values. Therefore, districts which are significant will usually meet the last portion of Criterion C plus Criterion A, Criterion B, other portions of Criterion C, or Criterion D.

NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No . 10 24-0018

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet .15 , Item number 7 Page

6. A district must be a distinguishable entity. The district as a whole must have a character or a coherence that makes it an identifiable historic environment and differentiates it from adjacent areas.

7. A district is different from the other categories of historic properties because a district may be significant as a whole even though it may be composed of components sites, buildings, structures, and objects that lack individual distinction. A district's identity results from the grouping of features and from the relationships among those features. These relationships convey the sense of the historic environment. A district may be a grouping of archeological sites related primarily by their common components in a defensible research design, and often will not visually represent a specific historic environment.

8. A property can be significant under Criterion C either for the way it was originally constructed or Grafted; or for the way it was adapted at a later point in time, or for the way it illustrates changing tastes, attitudes, and uses over a period of time in the past.

9. A property may be significant because it represents either an unusual or a widely practiced type or method of construction. It may have been innovative or influential, or it may have been traditional or vernacular; the

; significance of the property is determined by considering the property within its context."

The preparation of the Multiple Resource Area Nomination was aided by the use of "How to Complete National Register Multiple Resource Nomination Forms, Interim Guidelines", 1979.

The Historic District Nomination Form was prepared according to "How to Complete National Register Forms", January 1977.

The "National Register Standards and Guidelines Bulletin 9" was applied to preparation of both the Multiple Resource Area and the Historic District nomination forms.

NPS Form 10-900-a QMB No. 1024-0018 <3-82> Expires 10-31-87

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 16_________________Item number 7___________Page 16

We believe that the properties selected for this Multiple Resource Area accurately reflect the significant association with persons or events in Kingman, reflect broad patterns of local and regional history, evoke the sense of time and place of Kingman's historical period, and are characteristic of a type, period, or method of construction directly related to Kingman's evolution.

INVENTORY

The following Inventory lists each building, sifee, or object for inclusion, on the National Register.

The buildings are identified in reference to their Sanborn Fire Insurance Map number and survey number. For example, 7-3 means Sanborn Map 7, third building surveyed. For those areas not covered by Sanborn Maps, a designation of 0 was given. Thus 0-1 is the first site surveyed in the areas outside the Sanborn Map coverage. On the Arizona State Historic Property Inventory Form the number in parentheses below the Survey Site number is the number given to that property in the 1979 survey.

NPS Form 1o.&OO•I (:>82)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form

Continuation sheet 17

INVENTORY

NUMBER NA~1E

0-1

1-1

1-2

1-3

1-4

1-6

2-3

2-6

Archaeological Site

George R. Kayser House

Raymond H. Carr House

J.M. Gates House

R.L. Anderson House

Lovin and Withers Investment House unknown

W.P. Mahoney House

3-1 & 3-2 Tyrell House Complex

Gymnasium unknown

J.B. Wright House lt11m numbl!r 7

KINGMAN MRA INVENTORY

INDIVIDUAL PROPERTIES

ADDRESS

604 E. Oak

620 E. Oak

714 E. Oak

703 E. Beale

631 E. Beale

809 Grandview

155 E. Walnut

133 Beale

1st Street

105 Spring Street

317 Spring Street

3-5

3-8

4-1

4-3

4-4

4-5

4-8

4-10

4-12

5-1

St. Mary's Catholic Church 3rd and Spring

5-2

Elks Lodge #468

Little Red School (SR}

4th and Oak

219 N. 4th

G.H. Sullivan Lodging House 218 E. Oak

Apartment House

AT&T Building

Mohave County Courthouse

(NR) · ·

S.T. Elliott House

218 Spring Street

3rd and Pine

4th at Spring

527 Pine

OMB No. 1024-0018 ENpires 10-31-87

DATE

l880's-1940

' ca. 1911

ca. 19lb

1911-1916 post-1923

1919~1923

ca. 1911

1906-1907

1903-1904

ca. 1917

NUMBER OF

CONTRIBUTING

ELEMENTS

0MB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 18 Item number Page 18

INVENTORY

NUMBER NAME ADDRESS DATE

NUMBER OF

CONTRIBUTING

ELEMENTS

5-3 J. Max Anderson House

5-5 E. Ross Householder

5-6 W.G. Blakely House

5-7 Dr. Toler R. White House

5-8 Ross H. Blakely House

5-9 S.T. Elliott House

5-11 St. John's Methodist Church

5-12 J. Duff Brown House

5-13 Lefever House

5-14 E.B. Williams House

5-15 Charles Ziemer House

5-18 IOFF Building

5-20 Van Marter Building

5-22 Masonic Temple

5-23 U.S. Post Office

5-24 Kingman Grammar School

5-25 Mohave County Jail (NR)

5-26 Bonelli House (NR)

6-1 Desert Power & Water Co.

6-2 AT&SF Locomotive #3759

7-2 Foster S. Dennis House

7-3 Dr. David S. Livingston House

523 Pine

431 Spring

503 Spring

509 Spring

519 Spring

537 Spring

Spring and 5th

541 E. Oak

525 E. Oak

531 E. Oak

507 E. Oak

208 N. 5th

423-427 Beale

212 N. 4th

310 N. 4th

Pine Street

4th at Spring

5th at Spring

NW corner of 2nd and Park

222 Topeka

1916,1923

1916,1923

ca. 1900

1909-1910

1907-1911

OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87

United States Department of the Interior

National Register of Inventory Nominati

Continuation sheet ] g

INVENTORY

NUMBER NAME

8-2 W.A. Gruninger Building

8-3 Armour and Jacobson Bldg.

8-4 Fuel Tanks

8-8 Mrs. M.P. Sargent House

9-1 Lovin and Withers Investment House

9-6 Lovin and Withers Investment Cottages

10-1 O.E. Walker House

11-3 unknown

11-5 unknown

11-6 Hubbs Residence (NR)

*JKS 3«

Historic Places li on Form

! WSWH

Item number 7

I

NUMBER OF

CONTRIBUTING

ADDRESS DATE ELEMENTS

424 Beale 1921 1

426-430 Beale 1921 1

South side of Andy Devine 1910 3 Avenue at 5th

426 Topeka 1897 1

722 E. Beale ca. 1914 2

SW corner of 8th and 1916 5 Topeka

906 Madison ca.

536 Park ca.

1916 1

1906 1

519 Golconda 1897 1

Hubbs Street between 1893 1

11-7

4th and 5th

Mohave County Hospital W. Beale 1921-1922

KINGMAN COMMERCIAL HISTORIC DISTRICT

7-6 (D) Ed Thompson's Saloon

7-7 (D) Hotel Beale

7-8 (D) Lovin Building

7-9 (D) Hotel Brunswick

323-331 Andy Devine Ave.

319-327 Andy Devine Ave.

317 Andy Devine Ave.

313-315 Andy Devine Ave.

7-10 (D) Arizona Stores Co. Bldg. 311 Andy Devine Ave.

7-11 (D) Old Trails Garage

7-12 (D) John Mulligan Building

307-308 Andy Devine Ave.

301-305 Andy Devine Ave.

1899,1916

1907-1909

1922, 1925

NPS Form 10·900·• (3.82)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form

Continuation sheet 20 Item number 7 .

INVENTORY

NUMBER NAME DATE

OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87

Page .20

NUMBER OF

CONTRIBUTING

ELEMENTS

7-13 (D) ·Archaeological Site

8-5 (D) AT&SF Railroad Depot

1880 I S - 1940 1

8-6 (D) Luthy Block/Watkins Drug

TOTAL:

South side Andy Devine Ave. 1907 between 4th and 5th

409 Andy Devine Avenue 1888, 1908

Properties Contributing Elements

Individual Commercial District

KEY: D = Part of Historic District NR = Listed on National Register SR = Listed on State Register

* = Noncontributing element in Uistrict

NFS Form 10-900-a

OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87 umie Natioi

Nat lnv<

Continu.

INVENTORY

NUMBER

2-1

2-2

3-3

3-4

3-7

3-9

4-7

4-15

5-17

5-21

7-4

8-10

8-11

8-12

8-13

8-14

9-4

10-2

10-3

* But r

" 9iai6s i/epariifieni OT ine interior ^^^^^pPf^PPtv^u^v^ 13 1 Pflrk Sfirvicfi ional Register of Historic Places 1 1 ^ntory Nomination Form i I ation sheet 21 Item number 7 Page 21

INDIVIDUAL PROPERTIES *

WITHDRAWN FROM KINGMAN MRA

WANE ADDRESS DATE

Frank A. Mylius House 909 Grandview post-1923

C.A. Dutton House 406-408 Lead ca . 1923

Sarah R. Casteel House 132 E. Oak ca. 1902

D.M. Haskins House 104 E. Oak 1910

Charles Metcalfe Cottage 120 Spring Street ca. 1900

D.L. Hogan House 125 Pine 1913 unknown 214 E. Oak 1909,' 1916

Motor Supply Company North side of Beale, post-1923 2nd to 3rd Streets unknown 515 E. Beale ca . 1930

Sprouse-Reitz Store 409 Beale ca . 1935 unknown 226 Topeka ca. 1890 unknown 511 Park ca. 1918

Sweeney's Rooming House 405 Park 1901,1910

Sweeney's Boarding House 118-120 4th 1901,1910

Sweeney's Rooming House 409 Park 1901,1910 unknown 116 4th pre-1901 unknown 616 E. Beale ca. 1910 unknown 910 Madison pre-1916 unknown 921 Center ca . 1916 eferenced in the nomination text

8. Significance Period Areas of Significance—Check and justify below __ prehistoric __. archeology-prehistoric .._._ community planning _._._. landscape architecture.__ religion __1400-1499 IX- archeology-historic __._ conservation _____ law __ science __1500-1599 __ agriculture __ economics ___ literature __ sculpture __1600-1699 _X~ architecture _.education __military __ social/ __1700-1799 __art .— engineering __music humanitarian _X- 1800-1899 ..__X_-commerce .._.exploration/settlement __ philosophy __ theater _X_ 1900- __ communications .._ industry _X_ politics/government __X_ transportation

__.._ invention __ other (specify)

Specific dates 1882-1939_____Builder/Architect var i ous _ $ee Inventory forms

Statement of Significance (in one paragraph)

SUMMARY

The Kingman Multiple Resource Area comprises a portion of the city of Kingrnan containing resources most representative of the historical and architectural development of the city. These significant resources consist of buildings, one district, sites, and objects which illustrate the evolution of the city from its founding as a railroad terminal through its growth as a shipping point for cattle and mining supplies to its rise to prominence as the county seat and supply node for surrounding ranches and mining camps. The Kingman Multiple Resource Area holds state and local significance for its influence in the development of the mining resources in the western half of the state, its important role as a railroad shipping point in the expansion of cattle ranching in the area, and its central place function as the commercial center and seat of government for a large and sparsely populated county. The history of the city of Kingman is manifested in the commercial and residential archi tecture, the objects, and the archaeological sites which remain today in the Multiple Resource Area. These resources also represent the city's social/ cultural history, including the evolution of its churches, social organizations, schools, and interaction with its Hualapai neighbors. The visual image of Kingman is represented in these resources and conveys the sense of time and place from the city's founding in 1882 to the close of Its historic period of concern in 1939. The completion of the Masonic temple, a building of ex ceptional architectural merit, marks the end of Kingman's early historic period. The buildings constructed after 1939 are quite different archi tecturally and have modern historic associations.

HISTORIC OVERVIEW

The present site of Kingman, Arizona, was first visited by Anglo settlers in 1857 when a wagon road was surveyed along the 35th parallel by a party led by Lt. Edward F. Beale, Although the area was recognized as rich in minerals, hostile Hualapai Indians generally kept miners away until the establishment in 1859 of Fort Mohave (near present-day Kingman).

NPS Form 10-900-a QMB NO. 1024-0018

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 22 Item number 8 Page 2

The protection of the fort opened the area to exploration by miners, who founded small camps and claims in the Silver Creek, Cerbat and Hualapai Mountains during the 1860s and 1870s, setting the tone of mineral exploitation which continued for decades. Large mines began to open up in 1863 with the discovery of the Moss Mine in the Silver Creek area, soon sold for $90,000. Another large mine, the McCrackin, was discovered in 1874.

By the 1870s, the area was also developing in small-scale cattle ranching, supplying beef to both the army at Fort Mohave and the Indians, who surrendered in 1871 and were installed on a reservation first at nearby Beale Springs and in 1872 at the Mohave Reservation on the Colorado River. These ranches were scattered throughout the Big Sandy River.Valley near Kingman. The first cattle are known to have been in the county in 1863, but the first major drives into the Kingman area occurred in 1872.

The city of Kingman, Arizona, located in a natural basin surrounded by basaltic hills, was founded as a railroad stop. In 1880, Lewis Kingman, a railroad surveying engineer, surveyed the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad right-of-way between Needles and Albuquerque. The present Kingman townsite was designated by the railroad in 1882. The first reference made to Kingman was in the Alta Arizona, a newspaper published in Mineral Park. The issue of June 10, 1882, states, "There is a new town on the tapis at or near Beale Springs." In October, 1882, the Alta Arizona refers to the sampling works at Kingman, also saying that Middleton is to be hereafter named Kingman. By November of 1882, mining and railroad-oriented businesses were established, including tents and frame buildings housing restaurants, hotels, saloons, a blacksmith, a steam ore crusher and sampler, and a Chinese laundry. The Phoenix Herald reported in December of 1882: "Kingman is a new town in Mohave County." By early 1883, the actual laying of track into town was completed.

The arrival of the railroad to this potentially rich mining area and the establishment of the town of Kingman brought vigorous growth to the mines and ranches. The railroad brought supplies, lumber and machinery to San Francisco, and also provided shipping of cattle to Kansas City, eliminating the need for overland drives to California or Wyoming and

NPS Form 10-900-a 0MB Wo. 1024-0018 <3"82) Expires 10-31-87

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form Continuation sheet 23 Item number 8 Page 3

Montana. The town's businesses, banks, post office, and later telegraph office, gave necessary financial and commercial services, and particularly supplies for the isolated mines and ranches. Although by 1875 many of the Hualapai had returned near Peach Springs, no more hostilities occurred against miners, and mining activity flourished.

Conrad Shenfield, contractor for the track-laying for the railroad, obtained "townsite privileges" for Kingman. He developed the townsite and sold lots through his agent, E.F. Thompson, beginning in 1883 before clear title for the land was obtained. The townsite location was not railroad land, but property of the United States. According to Certificate No. 268, filed in the General Land Office in Prescott in June, 1886, the area from 1st to 6th Streets and from Spring to Golconda was deeded to Judge John Murphy who held it "in trust for the several use and benefit of the occupants of the townsite of Kingman." In 1887, records show that the township was deeded from Judge Murphy to Shenfield, who continued to sell lots until his death in 1889. Th@ town was governed by the Mohave County Board of Supervisors from 1882 until its incorporation in 1952.

The original townsite consisted of Blocks 1 through 26 and A through F, and was divided approximately in half by the railroad which ran east-west through the townsite. The lots were generally 25 feet wide by 125 feet deep. By 1890, most of the original lots were sold. On the north side of the railroad tracks on Front Street (Andy Devine Avenue), the business district grew, while the south side became Kingman f s best district for new homes.