Air quality study redacted.pdf

INDUSTRIAL HYGEINE

REPORT

2023 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY

Occupational Airborne Respirable

Particulate/Crystalline Silica and LEV Survey

For the

U. S. Department of Justice

Federal Prison Industries, Inc.

Office Furniture Group

Coleman Panel Factory - Low Coleman, FL

Project No.: 23284N.01

April 2023

U.S. Department of Justice UNICOR, Federal Prison Industries, Inc.

Coleman, Florida

Office Furniture Group - Coleman Panel Factory Full Shift Occupational Airborne Respirable Particulate

& Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposures and LEV Survey i April 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION

Report

PAGE

Introduction

Criteria

Conclusions

Recommendations

Discussion

Sampling Techniques and Analytical Methods ................................ 4-5

Tables

Table I Full Shift Occupational Airborne Respirable Particulate & Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposures

Table II Summary LEV Hood Face Velocity and Calculated Volume

Posting Table I Full Shift Occupational Airborne Respirable Particulate & Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposures

Laboratory Report

Eurofins Analytics Respirable Particulate/Crystalline Silica Report

Field Data Sheets

Eurofins Analytics Respirable Particulate/Crystalline Silica Report

Coleman, Florida

Office Furniture Group - Coleman Panel Factory Full Shift Occupational Airborne Respirable Particulate

& Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposures and LEV Survey

1 April 2023

INTRODUCTION

As requested by Ms. Kimberly Owens, Chief of Project Management, Office Furniture Group, UNICOR-Federal Prison Industries, Coleman Panel Factory located in Coleman, Florida, as per UNICOR Contract Number 15UCOC18C00001418, an industrial hygiene survey was conducted for potential occupational exposures to respirable particulate and respirable crystalline silica, as well as local exhaust ventilation (LEV) measurements at several machines used in cutting, routing, sanding, and shaping the furniture panels. This survey was performed on March 22, 2023, at the UNICOR operations in the Federal Prison located in Coleman, Florida against Order Number 15UCOL23F00000581 between 10:45 am and 3:00 pm by Dr. Venkatram Dharmarajan, Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH, retired), under the supervision and direction of Mr.

Barry Momyer, CIH and President of AM Health and Safety, Inc. (AM H&S), Pittsburgh, PA.

The purpose of this survey was:

(a) Monitor full shift occupational airborne respirable particulate and respirable crystalline silica exposures for ten

(10) identified representative occupations during the manufacturing of table/desktops out of synthetic particle and/or fiber-board wood (Tack Board) as it relates to the applicable federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) and Action Limit (AL).

(b) Per the UNICOR request for services and the scope of work described in AM H&S proposal P23-052 dated February 17, 2023.

(c) Obtain face velocities and/or capture velocities at identified local exhaust ventilation (LEV) hoods during normal routine manufacturing operations for comparison to the OSHA PEL/AL or the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommended threshold limit values (TLVs).

The occupations monitored during the March 22, 2023 survey date were as follows:

One (1) Pallet Maker One (1) Top Master

One (1) Vertical Saw Operator One (1) Coordinator

Six (6) CNC Operators

Every attempt was made to obtain representative exposures in accord with current, acceptable OSHA, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), standard recognized-industry practices, and AM H&S Safety Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Please note that due to weather conditions (i.e., morning fog), the monitoring did not commence until after the fog had lifted (i.e., 10:45am).

CRITERIA

Airborne Contaminants

OSHA under 29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-1 has established a Permissible exposure Limit (PEL) for airborne respirable particulate (as particulate not otherwise regulated, PNOR) of five milligrams per cubic meter of air (5.0 mg/m3), based on an eight-hour time weighted average (8-hr TWA).

Further, OSHA under 29 CFR 1910.1053 (Respirable Crystalline Silica Standard) has established a PEL for respirable crystalline silica (all forms) of fifty micrograms per cubic meter of air (50 µg/m3), 8-hr TWA, and an Action Level (AL) of twenty-five micrograms per cubic meter of air (25 µg/m3), 8-hr TWA.

Local Exhaust Ventilation

At this time OSHA has not established actual face velocities or other parameters for local exhaust ventilation (LEV) hoods/systems; however, the ACGIH, in the Industrial Ventilation Manual: A Manual of Recommended Practice and Design, 28th

Table 6-2 of the Industrial Ventilation Manual, 28th Edition, the following capture velocities will be applied depending on the usage of the flexible trunk lines as follows:

75-100 fpm for vapor capture

200-500 fpm for dust/particulate capture

500-2000 fpm for grinding and/or cutting

The average face velocity is the average speed of air, measured in feet-per-minute (fpm), at the actual hood (face) opening and the capture velocity is the average speed of air at the source of generation or operation of an airborne contaminant that can effectively capture the contaminant into the LEV.

The hood face velocities suggested by ACGIH are recommendations that are to be used as guidelines by engineers and industrial hygienists for the design and evaluation of local exhaust ventilation systems and are not regulatory standards.

Coleman, Florida

Office Furniture Group - Coleman Panel Factory Full Shift Occupational Airborne Respirable Particulate

& Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposures and LEV Survey

2 April 2023

CONCLUSIONS

1. None (0) of the ten (10) full shift occupational airborne respirable particulate exposures monitored, equaled or exceeded the applicable OSHA PEL cited previously, with exposures ranging from less than the analytical detection limit of (<)0.05 mg/m3, 8-hr TWA to 0.16 mg/m3, 8-hr TWA. Two (2) of the exposures/samples had detectable amounts of respirable particulate: the Vertical Saw Operator (Saw #2) with an exposure of 0.16 mg/m3, 8-hr TWA and a CNC Operator (#2 Mill) with an exposure of 0.06 mg/m3. Please note, the 8-hr TWA assumes no additional occupational exposure since the inmate exposures were for approximately 204 - 236 minutes.

Refer to Section 2: Data Table I Full Shift Occupational Airborne Respirable Particulate and Crystalline Silica Exposures

2. Similarly, none of the ten (10) full shift occupational airborne respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposures monitored, equaled or exceeded the OSHA PEL or the OSHA AL previously cited. In fact, each of the 10 RCS exposures were below the analytical detection limit of (<)9.7 µg/m3, 8-hr TWA to <11.1 µg/m3, 8-hr TWA. Again, please note, the 8-hr TWA assumes no additional occupational exposure since the inmate exposures were for approximately 204 - 236 minutes.

Refer to Section 2: Data Table I Full Shift Occupational Airborne Respirable Particulate and Crystalline Silica Exposures

3. Inmates were observed utilizing the following personal protective equipment (PPE): safety glasses, steel-toed boots/shoes, gloves, as needed, and provided clothing.

4. Per the request of the management, eight (8) ventilation systems/hoods were evaluated. Face/capture velocity measurements were obtained for various panel/wood cutting and shaping machines. Each of the machine LEV evaluated met or exceeded the requirements, 500 to 2000 fpm for machines used for cutting and/or grinding, recommended by the Industrial Ventilation Manual, 28th Edition, cited previously. The manual recommends.

Refer to Section 2: Data Table II Summary LEV Hood Face Velocity and Calculated Volume

Coleman, Florida

Office Furniture Group - Coleman Panel Factory Full Shift Occupational Airborne Respirable Particulate

& Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposures and LEV Survey

3 April 2023

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the results and observations of this survey, the following recommendations are presented for your consideration:

1. Implementation of additional exposure controls including engineering, administrative or respiratory protection would not be mandatory or necessary from a strict OSHA compliance standpoint based on the monitored airborne respirable particulate/respirable crystalline silica exposures for the occupations evaluated provided that conditions such as, but not limited to: production, environmental and/or work practices are maintained the same as existed at the time of this survey.

2. As a matter of good industrial hygiene and management practice, the issuance of disposable filtering face piece respirators on a voluntary basis in accordance with the OSHA Respiratory Standard, 29 CFR

1910.134 should be considered.

3. The use of compressed air should be minimized or avoided due to the redispersion of dust into the air, whereas less aggressive cleanup or work practice/procedures such as manual sweeping or vacuuming dust using at a minimum a shop vacuum will minimize the dust exposure to the worker and others in the area. For those situations where vacuuming proves inadequate a combination method utilizing compressed air to the dust toward the vacuum nozzle could be utilized.

4. Inform employees monitored as to their airborne exposures to respirable particulate/respirable crystalline silica as required by the OSHA regulations. For your convenience, a posting table has been provided.

Refer to Section 2: Posting Table I

5. The LEV units at the facility should continue to be included in the routine, preventative maintenance program.

This program should include but not necessarily be limited to: inspection, repair of connections and verification of fan operation, and filter change out. Documentation of the routine or preventative maintenance should be maintained.

6. Continue to conduct annual local exhaust ventilation surveys and maintain documentation at the facility in order to maintain face/capture velocities in the range of 500 to 2000 fpm at the point of the dust generation for the capture of saw or grinder generated dust.

Coleman, Florida

Office Furniture Group - Coleman Panel Factory Full Shift Occupational Airborne Respirable Particulate

& Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposures and LEV Survey

4 April 2023

DISCUSSION

The Unicor Panel Factory is located inside the prison in a building identified as Coleman Low with high ceilings and offices on one side of the building. The factory floor is approximately 32,000 square feet and employs approximately 110 inmates at the factory and about 20 inmates in the office area. The work performed is the manufacture of wooden desktops and tabletops of various sizes and designs. The particle board for the manufacture of wooden desks or tabletops comes from an outside vendor with the finished products provided to various government agencies.

There were several large CNC (Computer Numerical Control) and other manufacturers of powered wood working equipment and some manually operated equipment in the factory for cutting, routing, drilling, sanding, edge banding, horizontal and vertical saws, Tenon cutters, and other miscellaneous equipment.

There were four (4) evenly spaced large exhaust ducts suspended from the ceiling and running parallel to the ceiling of the factory, which provided the local exhaust ventilation (LEV) drop points for the wood-working equipment on the factory floor. Each one of these four (4) ducts independently exhausted the dust generated for various equipment and dispensed the dust into four (4) large waste dumpster bins located outside the building. The flexible exhaust ducts from the various wood working equipment were attached to one of these four (4) main exhaust ducts. The exhaust ducts from each piece of equipment could be independently turned off or on as required.

One of the materials used in the manufacture of finished furniture was a product . The tack board was layered with two thin wooden boards over a wooden center. The two thin outer layers were provided by the Kronospan company and identified as High-density Fiberboard (MDF/HDF) which is >90% wood (Harwood and soft wood of various species) and <0.1% of formaldehyde in its composition. The center part of the Tack Board was

Interiors, LLC. The brand name for the wood product i Board with the composition as: Slag wool fiber <40%, Perlite <30%, Kaolin <20%, Starch <20%, Cellulose <20% and impurities (where crystalline silica, as quartz) at <2%.

The primary concern was whether a significant amount of the crystalline silica (<2% in the Micore board) becomes airborne during machining presents a health hazard. This panel is used for making furniture, by machining the panels by; cutting, routing, drilling, sanding, edge-banding, using horizontal and vertical saws, Tenon cutters, routers and other miscellaneous machining equipment.

As noted in the LEV table, the Vertical Saw was blowing the generated dust into the air during cutting and could be visibly seen during the vertical and the horizontal cutting of the board. A plastic screen has been positioned to prevent or minimize the exhausted dust from traveling to other areas within the factory.

On the day of the survey the outdoor atmospheric conditions inside and outside the factory were as follows:

Refer to Section 4: Field Data Sheets

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND ANALYTICAL METHODS

The personal exposure monitoring was collected at the breathing zone of the workers using the SKC Parallel Particle Impactors (PPI) samplers. These samplers collect the respirable portion of the particulates in the air (<10 µm aerodynamic diameter particle size) and were attached to calibrated MSA ELF personal sampling pumps calibrated at two liters per minute (2.0 Lpm) for approximately three to four (3-4) hours or the time period of the activities.

The airborne respirable particulate (PNOR) and respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposures were analyzed by Eurofins Analytics, LLC in Ashland, Virginia, an American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) accredited laboratory (# 100531), utilizing NIOSH 0600, Gravimetric and NIOSH 7500M, X-ray Diffraction (XRF), respectively.

Refer to Section 3: Laboratory Analytical Report

MSA pumps were pre-calibrated to the flow rates previously mentioned and were post-calibrated after the sampling session using a SKC Chek-mate® digital calibrator. The average of the pre- and post-calibration rates were used for the calculation of the sample volume.

Date Indoor

Temperature (Min/Max)

Outdoor Temperature (Min/Max)

Indoor Relative

Humidity

Outdoor Relative

Humidity

Outdoor Wind Speed/ Direction

Remarks

3/22/2023 60/70 ºF 55/78 ºF 70% 50-97% 5-10 MPH / SSE Foggy- Fair /Partly cloudy

Coleman, Florida

Office Furniture Group - Coleman Panel Factory Full Shift Occupational Airborne Respirable Particulate

& Respirable Crystalline Silica Exposures and LEV Survey

AM Health and Safety, Inc. 5 April 2023 Project Number: 23284N.01

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND ANALYTICAL METHODS (continued)

Face and/or capture velocity measurements were obtained for each of the identified LEV equipment identified at the FCI Coleman Panel Factory Low facility. Average face/capture velocities in feet per minute (fpm) were recorded at the exhaust on the equipment and based on the dimension of the exhaust connected to the equipment, average volumetric flow rate was calculated using the following equation:

Average flow rate (Q) = V x A

Where Q is the volume in cubic feet per minute (CFM); V is the average velocity measured in feet per minute, and A is the face area of the duct in square feet units. The face area (A) of the duct was calculated using the equation where r the radius of the duct in feet units.

The face velocity measurements were obtained utilizing a TSI - VelociCalc Plus Articulating Probe 9565-AP calibrated by the manufacturer in December 2022. The calibration certificate is available upon request. The instrument was preprogrammed to perform a power-up sequence that includes an internal self-check for accuracy and precision of the equipment. The instrument was set to average the measurements at five (5) second intervals.

Written By: QA/QC Review & Approval By:

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TABLE II

SUMMARY LEV HOOD FACE VELOCITY AND CALCULATED VOLUME

UNICOR

COLEMAN PANEL FACTORY

LOW

COLEMAN, FL

AM Health and Safety Inc.

Project Number: 23284N.01 April 2023

POSTING TABLE I

FULL SHIFT OCCUPATIONAL AIRBORNE RESPIRABLE PARTICULATE AND

CRYSTALLINE SILICA EXPOSURES

UNICOR FCI

COLEMAN PANEL FACTORY

LOW

COLEMAN, FL

Posted by: Date Posted:

AM H&S Proj.# 23284N.01 AM Health & Safety, Inc.

5177 Campbells Run Rd.

Pittsburgh, PA 15205 www.amhealthandsafety.com

Phone: 412-429-0560 Fax: 412-429-5122

Survey Date

Occupation

Employee ID

Respirable Particulate a

Respirable Crystalline Silica b

(Shift) TWA (mg/m3) TWA (µg/m3)

3/22/2023

(1st Shift)

Pallet Builder

70894-018

<0.05 <10.1

3/22/2023

(1st Shift)

Vertical Saw Operator

00490-501

0.16 <10.3

3/22/2023

(1st Shift)

CNC Operator

22947-021

<0.05 <10.3

3/22/2023

(1st Shift)

CNC Operator

78969.004

<0.05 <10.3

3/22/2023

(1st Shift)

CNC Operator

50778-509

0.06 <9.70

3/22/2023

(1st Shift)

CNC Operator

14655-112

<0.05 <10.1

3/22/2023

(1st Shift)

CNC Operator

17684-084

<0.06 <11.1

3/22/2023

(1st Shift)

CNC Operator

57824-018

<0.05 <10.1

3/22/2023

(1st Shift)

Coordinator

00771-104

<0.05 <10.2

3/22/2023

(1st Shift)

Top Master

67814-018

<0.05 <10.4

a. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1 has established a Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for airborne respirable particulate (as particulate not otherwise regulated, PNOR) of five milligrams per cubic meter of air (5.0 mg/m3), based on an eight-hour time weighted average (8-hr TWA), if crystalline silica is not detected.

b. OSHA under 29 CFR 1910.1053 (Respirable Crystalline Silica standard) has established a PEL for airborne respirable crystalline silica (all forms) of fifty micrograms per cubic meter of air (50 µg/m3), 8-hr TWA, and an Action Level (AL) of twenty-five micrograms per cubic meter of air (25 µg/m3), 8-hr TWA.

< Less than the analytical lime of detection

April 3, 2023

VENKATRAM DHARMARAJA

AM HEALTH & SAFETY

5177 CAMPBELLS RUN ROAD

PITTSBURGH, PA 15205

Attached are the results we obtained on the analysis of your samples submitted to Analytics. Any Chains-of- Custody associated by this sample group are enclosed. Air concentrations are calculated as a convenience to the client and the overall accuracy of this result depends on both the accuracy of the air volume and the amount found by analysis. Theoretical air volumes for passive monitors are calculated using the sampling time submitted and the manufacture's listed sampling rate for each compound. Results provided in this report relate only to the items tested.

For blanks and non-detects the results indicated with a '<' value represents the reporting limit for the analysis.

Unless otherwise noted results are not corrected for blank values.

Unless the signature of the appropriate manager(s) appears on this report, this report should be considered PRELIMINARY and is subject to change.

We appreciate your confidence in allowing Analytics to be your testing laboratory. Any questions regarding this report can be addressed by calling our customer services department at (800) 888-8061.

Andrew L. Teague, CIH Technical Director

Enclosures

Eurofins Analytics, LLC 10329 Stony Run Lane

Ashland, Va 23005 Phone: (804) 365-3000 Fax: (804) 365-3002

AIHA LAP, LLC Accreditation ID 100531

Laboratory Workorder ID: B086192

Received: March 27, 2023

Client Project ID: 23284N.01

Reported: April 3, 2023

Report ID: B086192-202304032018

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Analytics Corporation Supplemental Report for TWA Calculations

Group Number B086192 Account Number 45209005

AM HEALTH & SAFETY

5177 CAMPBELLS RUN ROAD

PITTSBURGH, PA 15205

4/3/2023Report Date

TWA includes sample(s) 1730-030423-47 Total liters sampled: 442.9 Total minutes sampled 215

Amount Found 8-hour TWAParameter

L Min

Lab Sample ID: B086-192-001

Cristobalite, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Quartz, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Respirable Crystalline Silica < 10 ug < 10.123 ug/M3

Respirable Dust < 0.05 mg < 0.049 mg/M3

TWA includes sample(s) 741-030423-78 Total liters sampled: 432.3 Total minutes sampled 214

Amount Found 8-hour TWAParameter

L Min

Lab Sample ID: B086-192-002

Cristobalite, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Quartz, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Respirable Crystalline Silica < 10 ug < 10.299 ug/M3

Respirable Dust 0.16 mg 0.16 mg/M3

TWA includes sample(s) 1432-030423-76 Total liters sampled: 412.1 Total minutes sampled 204

Amount Found 8-hour TWAParameter

L Min

Lab Sample ID: B086-192-003

Cristobalite, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Quartz, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Respirable Crystalline Silica < 10 ug < 10.328 ug/M3

Respirable Dust < 0.05 mg < 0.051 mg/M3

Note: All unsampled time is assumed at zero (0) exposure.

Group Number B086192 Account Number 45209005

AM HEALTH & SAFETY

5177 CAMPBELLS RUN ROAD

PITTSBURGH, PA 15205

4/3/2023Report Date

TWA includes sample(s) 1735-030423-50 Total liters sampled: 414.1 Total minutes sampled 206

Amount Found 8-hour TWAParameter

L Min

Lab Sample ID: B086-192-004

Cristobalite, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Quartz, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Respirable Crystalline Silica < 10 ug < 10.343 ug/M3

Respirable Dust < 0.05 mg < 0.052 mg/M3

TWA includes sample(s) 733-030423-40 Total liters sampled: 440.8 Total minutes sampled 215

Amount Found 8-hour TWAParameter

L Min

Lab Sample ID: B086-192-005

Cristobalite, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Quartz, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Respirable Crystalline Silica < 10 ug < 10.168 ug/M3

Respirable Dust < 0.05 mg < 0.049 mg/M3

TWA includes sample(s) 2062-030423-77 Total liters sampled: 445.1 Total minutes sampled 207

Amount Found 8-hour TWAParameter

L Min

Lab Sample ID: B086-192-006

Cristobalite, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Quartz, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Respirable Crystalline Silica < 10 ug < 9.703 ug/M3

Respirable Dust 0.06 mg 0.06 mg/M3

Group Number B086192 Account Number 45209005

AM HEALTH & SAFETY

5177 CAMPBELLS RUN ROAD

PITTSBURGH, PA 15205

4/3/2023Report Date

TWA includes sample(s) 737-030423-48 Total liters sampled: 438.2 Total minutes sampled 218

Amount Found 8-hour TWAParameter

L Min

Lab Sample ID: B086-192-007

Cristobalite, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Quartz, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Respirable Crystalline Silica < 10 ug < 10.355 ug/M3

Respirable Dust < 0.05 mg < 0.05 mg/M3

TWA includes sample(s) 2058-030423-83 Total liters sampled: 442.9 Total minutes sampled 215

Amount Found 8-hour TWAParameter

L Min

Lab Sample ID: B086-192-008

Cristobalite, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Quartz, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Respirable Crystalline Silica < 10 ug < 10.123 ug/M3

Respirable Dust < 0.05 mg < 0.049 mg/M3

TWA includes sample(s) 738-030423-42 Total liters sampled: 426.8 Total minutes sampled 227

Amount Found 8-hour TWAParameter

L Min

Lab Sample ID: B086-192-009

Cristobalite, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.006 mg/M3

Quartz, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.006 mg/M3

Respirable Crystalline Silica < 10 ug < 11.066 ug/M3

Respirable Dust < 0.05 mg < 0.057 mg/M3

Group Number B086192 Account Number 45209005

AM HEALTH & SAFETY

5177 CAMPBELLS RUN ROAD

PITTSBURGH, PA 15205

4/3/2023Report Date

TWA includes sample(s) 1736-030423-49 Total liters sampled: 488.5 Total minutes sampled 236

Amount Found 8-hour TWAParameter

L Min

Lab Sample ID: B086-192-010

Cristobalite, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Quartz, Respirable < 5 ug < 0.005 mg/M3

Respirable Crystalline Silica < 10 ug < 10.079 ug/M3

Respirable Dust < 0.05 mg < 0.049 mg/M3