SJAFB CADD Standards.pdf

SEYMOUR JOHNSON AIR FORCE BASE

STANDARD

ENGINEERING

DRAWING PREPARATION & SUPPORT

July 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWARD ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

1.1 Government Documents

1.2 Commercial Documents

1.3 Order of Precedence

2.0 DRAWING REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Drawing Production

2.1.1 Drawing File Format

2.1.2 Creation of CADD Files

2.1.2.1 Drawing Sheet Format

2.1.2.2 Drawing Sizes

2.1.2.3 Sizing Drawing Formats for Scaled Drawings

2.1.2.4 Appearance

2.1.3 Border

2.1.4 Title Block

2.1.5 Drawing Numbering

2.1.5.1 Drawing Number Structure

2.1.6 Arrangement of Drawings

2.1.6.1 Construction Drawing Sets

2.1.6.2 Electronic Drawing File Structure

2.1.6.3 Drawing Template Files

2.1.7 Typical Sheets and Layouts for Construction Drawing Sets

2.1.7.1 Cover Sheet

2.1.7.2 Floor Plan Layout

2.1.7.3 Elevation and Section Plan Drawing Layout

2.1.7.4 Detail Sheet Layout

2.1.7.5 Schedule/Diagram Sheet Layout

2.1.8 Layers/Levels

2.1.9 Text Styles/Fonts

2.1.10 Line Widths and Colors

2.1.11 Line Types

2.1.12 Units

2.1.13 Drawing Origins and Working Units for CADD Drawings

2.1.13.1 AutoCAD Working Units and Drawing Origin

2.1.14 Externally Referenced Files (XREF)

2.1.14.1 Specific Use of AutoCAD Reference Files

2.1.15 Patterning/Hatching

2.1.16 Dimensioning

2.1.15.1 Dimension Text Size

2.1.15.2 Positioning Dimensions

2.1.15.3 Leaders

2.1.15.4 Arrowheads

2.1.17 Symbols

2.1.18 Drawing Subtitles

2.1.19 Sections and Details

2.1.19.1 Sections

2.1.19.2 Detail Drawings

2.1.21 Revision of Drawings

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2.1.21.1 Revision Methods

2.1.21.1.1 Required Revisions

2.1.21.1.2 Drawing Practices

2.1.21.2 Identifying Revisions on Drawings

2.1.21.2.1 Revision Locations. .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.21.2.2 Revision Numbers

2.1.21.2.3 Multiple Changes

2.1.21.3 Revision Block

2.1.21.4 Redrawn or Replaced Drawings

2.2 Drawing Support

2.2.1 File Naming

3.0 ELECTRONIC DELIVERABLES

3.1 General

3.1.1 Electronic Delivery Media

3.1.2 Media Labeling

3.1.3 Electronic File Preparation

3.1.4 Documentation

3.1.5 Ownership

3.2 Quality Assurance

3.2.1 Responsibility for Inspection

3.2.2 Engineering Data Quality Assurance System

4.0 GENERAL

4.1 Drawing Definitions

4.1.1 Engineering Drawings

4.1.2 Construction Drawings

4.2 Glossary

4.3 Acronyms and Abbreviations

4.4 SJAFB, Standards and CADD Web Sites

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables

Table 1 - Scale Factor and Text Height Conversion Chart Table 2 - Standard Drawing Sizes Table 3 - Sheet Sizes, Drawing Field, and Scale Factors Table 4 - Drawing Title Block Descriptions Table 5 - Construction Drawing Set Table 7 - Text Heights and Colors Table 8 - Color Comparison and Associated Line Widths

List of Figures

Figure 1 - Drawing Appearance Figure 2 - Drawing Zone System Figure 3 - Drawing Title Block Figure 4 - Drawing Number Structure Figure 5 - Drawing File Structure Figure 6 - Typical Project Drawing Structure Figure 7 - Drawing Template Selection Figure 8 - Cover Sheet Layout Figure 9 - Floor Plan Layout Figure 10 - Elevation and Section Plan Drawing Layout Figure 11 - Detail Sheet Layout Figure 12 - Schedule Sheet Layout Figure 13 - Standard Line Types Figure 14 - Tri-Services CAD STANDARD Line Types Figure 15 - Active / xref Drawing Construct Figure 16 - Active / XREF Drawing Construct Figure 17 - Dimensioning Styles and Directions Figure 19 - Placement of Leaders Figure 21 - Standard Subtitle Annotation Figure 22 - Standard Section Annotation Figure 23 - Alternate Section Annotation, Wall Section or Elevation Figure 24 - Standard Section Subtitle with Specifications Figure 25 - Short Sections, Extended Sections, Offset and Alternate Sections Figure 26 - Standard Detail Symbol Figure 27 - Identifying Revision Locations Figure 29 - File Naming Convention

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FOREWARD

The purpose of this CAD standard is to ensure:

• Consistent 2D drawings

• An accurate source of spatial information

• Uniform requirements for contractor design deliverables

• Design, maintenance, and operations data

• Record drawings for management and future renovation of SJAFB

Facilities The SJAFB CAD Standards set mandatory procedures for the creation, delivery, and maintenance of all 2D design, engineering, and construction drawings. The CAD standards apply to all 4th CES engineering activities, SABER projects, and A-E consultants, It will assist in developing a more efficient and effective means for management and technical data control of drawings prepared by and for the 4th Civil Engineer Squadron, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base (SJAFB).

This standard provides:

a. Drawing practices for the preparation of architectural and engineering drawings and drawing format material.

b. Definitions and examples of the types of facility drawings to be prepared by and for the 4TH Civil Engineer Squadron, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base.

c. Procedures for the creation of titles for drawings.

d. Numbering, coding and identification procedures for standard drawings, associated lists, and documents referenced on these drawings and associated lists.

e. Practices applicable to Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD).

Changes from the previous version of this standard focus on:

a. Current technological trends that are gaining widespread acceptance in government and industry.

b. Greater use of electronic deliverables and delivery media.

c. Synchronization with standard industry practices.

d. Greater SJAFB-wide standardization to take full advantage of technological opportunities.

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1.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS.

1.1 Government Documents.

Standards

Military

MIL-STD-12 Abbreviations for Use on Drawings, and in Specifications, Standards and Technical Documents

MIL-STD-14 Architectural Symbols A/E/C CADD Tri- Tri-Service CADD/GIS Standards Service Standards

1.2 Commercial Documents.

Standards

ANSI Y1.1 Abbreviations for use on Drawings and Text ANSI Y14.1 Drawing Sheet Size and Format ANSI Y14.2 Line Conventions and Lettering ANSI Y14.5 Dimensioning and Tolerancing ANSI Y32.4 Graphic Symbols for Plumbing Fixture for

Diagram used in Architecture & Building Construction

ANSI Y 32.9 Graphic Symbols for Electrical Wiring and Layout Diagrams Used in Architecture and Building Construction

AIA CAD Layer Guidelines – National CADD Std 4.0

1.3 Order of Precedence.

In the event of conflict between the documents referenced in Sections 1.1 and 1.2 and the contents of this standard, the contents of this standard shall be considered the superseding requirement.

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2.0 DRAWING REQUIREMENTS.

2.1 Drawing Production.

Drawing production is accomplished in two environments: MODEL or MODELSPACE and LAYOUT or PAPER SPACE . Model space is the area used by AutoCAD to create the objects being modeled such as floor plans, details, or site plans. Paper space is used for scaled presentation of the finalized drawing.

Drawings are organized by drawing types: Active drawings, XREF or Externally Referenced drawings, and blocks drawings. The active drawing is the compilation of modeled objects, externally referenced drawings, or of standardized objects used by many drawings called blocks. Externally referenced drawings are typically drawings used commonly by or linked by other active drawings. An example of an externally referenced drawing is a floor plan (base drawing) which is used by other engineering disciplines. Only one change has to be made to ‘base’ floor plan will reflect in all other discipline drawings that use the same externally referenced ‘base’ drawing. Blocks are common objects used in many drawings in multiple projects. Block are used to eliminate the need to redraw common objects used many times in the same drawing or multiple drawings. Examples of blocks are: north arrows, scales, or other items used repeatedly such as valves, light fixtures, or ventilation diffusers.

Sketches drawn by engineers or designers are drawn in the model space at full scale whereas one [1] AutoCAD drawing unit represents 1’-0” for an architectural floor plan.

Civil site plans are handled in a similar fashion, however, in different unit values, one [1] AutoCAD drawing unit represents 1.0’. The drafter further organizes the drawing model into layers. Layers logically group primitives like lines, circles, and other such objects together for drafting or display purposes. Typical layers found on drawings may be walls, windows, doors, dimensions, or notes about the model. They may be turned on or off as the drafter sees the need. Layers shall comply with AIA National CADD Standards (NCS) 4.0 or later and supplemented by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) CADD Standard 3.0 or later for layers not covered by the AIA NCS.

Paperspace is the presentation environment. Here resides the drawing frame, title block, viewports and general notes for the drawing. Title block contains project specific information about the drawing. The viewport(s) contains the scaled drawing field displaying the contents of the model space.

2.1.1 Drawing File Format.

1. Electronic drawings shall be created and maintained in native AutoCAD (DWG) file format. Translations between vector file formats (DWG and MicroStation DGN) shall be avoided. Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) Group 4 is SJAFB’s standard raster file format. Use of Drawing Exchange Format (DXF) should be avoided. CADD entities to avoid: Doughnuts, Solids, Polylines, Point entities, custom fonts, patterns or line types or styles, special characters such as %%d, %%p, %%c, or %%%, (special characters used may only be of those in the “Mtext” command/pulldown menu), Nested blocks, Nested X refs or reference files.

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2.1.2 Creation of CADD Files.

All CADD drawing files should be created at full-scale (1-to-1) in model space.

Text heights should be scaled to fit the full-scale drawing model. Drawing borders shall be placed in layout tabs. One layout tab per drawing, layout tab shall reflect the drawing name in the tiltle block of the drawing i.e. “Site Plan.” Multiple layouts in a drawing file shall be avoided. Refer to Table 1, Scale Factor and Text Height Conversion Chart for standard engineering, architectural and mapping scale factors and text heights to be used with full size drawings. Note:

avoid using ploted scales with a 3, 5, or 7 in the numerator of the plotted scale.

Use plotted scales that are easily scaled by craftspersons in the field using a standard tape measure or folding rule.

Plotted Scale

Scale Factor

Plotted Text Height

3/32” 1/8” 3/16” 1/4"

MODEL SPACE TEXT HEIGHT

1/8” = 1’ -0” 96 9” 12” 18” 24” 3/16” = 1’ -0” 64 6” 8” 12” 16” 1/4" = 1’ -0” 48 4.5” 6” 9” 12” 3/8” = 1’ -0” 32 3” 4” 6” 8” 1/2" = 1’ -0” 24 2.25” 3” 4.5” 6” 3/4" = 1’ -0” 16 1.5” 2” 3” 4” 1” = 1’ -0” 12 1.125” 1.5” 2.25” 3”

1 1/2" = 1’ -0” 8 .75” 1” 1.5” 2” 3” = 1’ -0” 4 .375” .5” .75” 1” 6” = 1’ -0” 2 .1875” .25” .375” .5”

12” = 1’ -0” 1 .09375” .125” .1875” .25” 1” = 10’ 120 .9375’ 1.25’ 1.875’ 2.5’ 1” = 20’ 240 1.875’ 2.5’ 3.75’ 5’ 1” = 30’ 360 2.8125’ 3.75’ 5.625’ 7.5’ 1” = 40’ 480 3.75 5.0’ 7.5’ 10.0’ 1” = 50’ 600 4.6875’ 6.25’ 9.375’ 12.5’ 1” = 60’ 720 5.625’ 7.5’ 11.25’ 15.0’

1” = 100’ 1200 9.375’ 12.5’ 18.75’ 25.0’ 1” = 400’ 4800 37.5’ 50.0 75.0’ 100 1” = 600’ 3600 56.25’ 75.0’ 110.25’ 150.0’ 1” = 800’ 9600 75.0’ 100.0’ 150.0’ 200.0’

Table 1 - Scale Factor and Text Height Conversion Chart

2.1.2.1 Drawing Sheet Format.

SJAFB-approved drawing formats include common drawing features such as boundary geometry, title block data, filename, pathname, zoning guides, and title block geometry.

Electronic copies of the drawing formats are currently available in digital form as DWG (AutoCAD). The title block contains attributes for project information and shall not be modified in any way. Attribute data in the title block is used for other data management purposes outside the scope of this document.

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2.1.2.2 Drawing Sizes.

The SJAFB standard drawing size is D (22" X 34"). Other sizes are allowed only as needed on a case by case basis. Apply ANSI Y14.1 for any information not provided in this standard, but required on drawing sheet size.

Size

Designation

Vertical

Horizontal

Margin

Horizontal Vertical

Left Right B 11.0 17.0 0.50 1.50 0.50 D 22.0 34.0 0.50 1.50 0.50 E 34.0 44.0 0.50 1.50 0.50 F 28.0 40.0 0.50 1.50 0.50

Table 2 - Standard Drawing Sizes

NOTE: All dimensions are in inches.

2.1.2.3 Sizing Drawing Formats for Scaled Drawings.

Each facility shall be drawn in the CADD file at full size. The CADD user then reduces the data to fit the desired paper size during plotting. Table 3, provides the necessary scale factors needed to calculate the reduced plot size.

Plot Scale

Drawing Field Size (H x W) D (21” x 22.5”) E (33” x 32.5”) F (27” x 28.5”)

1/8” = 1’ -0” 168’ x 180’ 264’ x 260’ 216’ x 228’ 3/16” = 1’ -0” 112’ x 120’ 176’ x 173.3’ 144’ x 152’ 1/4" = 1’ -0” 84’ x 90’ 132’ x 130’ 108’ x 114’ 3/8” = 1’ -0” 56’ x 60’ 88’ x 86.7’ 72’ x 76’ 1/2" = 1’ -0” 42’ x 45’ 66’ x 65’ 54’ x 57’ 3/4" = 1’ -0” 28’ x 30’ 44’ x 43.3’ 36’ x 38’ 1” = 1’ -0” 21’ x 22.5’ 33’ x 32.5’ 27’ x 28.5’

1 1/2" = 1’ -0” 14’ x 15’ 22’ x 21.7’ 18’ x 19’ 3” = 1’ -0” 7’ x 7.5’ 11’ x 10.8’ 9’ x 9.5’ 6” = 1’ -0” 3.5’ x 3.75’ 5.5’ x 5.4’ 4.5’ x 4.75’

12” = 1’ -0” 1.75’ x 1.875’ 2.75’ x 2.7’ 2.25’ x 2.375’ 1” = 10’ -0” 210’ x 225’ 330’ x 325’ 270’ x 285’ 1” = 20’ -0” 420’ x 450’ 660’ x 650’ 540’ x 570’ 1” = 25’ -0” 525’ x 562.5’ 825’ x 812.5’ 675’ x 712.5’ 1” = 30’ -0” 630’ x 675’ 990’ x 975’ 810’ x 855’ 1” = 50’ -0” 1050’ x 1125’ 1650’ x 1625’ 1350’ x 1425’

1” = 100’ -0” 2100’ x 2250’ 3300’ x 3250’ 2700’ x 2850’ 1 = 10 210 x 225 330 x 325 270 x 285 1 = 20 420 x 450 660 x 650 540 x 570 1 = 30 630 x 675 990 x 975 810 x 855

Table 3 - Sheet Sizes, Drawing Field, and Scale Factors

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2.1.2.4 Appearance.

Figure 1, Drawing Appearance, shows the typical features as applicable for the appearance of CADD-produced drawings. The figure shows the location of these features in a construction drawing. These features are:

• Border

• Title Block

• Drawing Field

• Notes

• Legend

• Key Plan (if required)

• Graphic Scales

• North Arrow

• Plot Stamp (Full path name, Date, Time)

NOTES

KEY

PLAN

GRAPHIC

SCALE

NORTH

ARROW

DRAWING

FIELD

PLOT STAMP

LEGEND

HTR

F

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Figure 1 - Drawing Appearance

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2.1.3 Border.

The border is the rectangular frame surrounding the drawing. It contains a drawing zone system. The alphabetic characters are located on the left and right sides and the numeric characters are on top and bottom. The zones are referred to using an alphanumeric description, such as Zone F6 depicted in Figure 2, Drawing Zone System.

HTR

F

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F-6

Figure 2 - Drawing Zone System

2.1.4 Title Block.

The title block shown in Figure 3, Drawing Title Block, is used for recording drawing data. The title block is located in the lower right corner and just inside the format’s boundary. It is sub-divided into rectangular areas that contain specific text data. Each rectangle contains a subject title such as Drawing Title, Drawn By, Approved By, Date and Drawing Number and each is an attribute. All text shall be in upper case.

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The title block in Figure 3 is subdivided into two main sections. The revision section is located at the top. And the main section at the bottom. The main section of the title block contains the title, and drawing identification. All title blocks for drawing sizes D to F must conform to Figure 3. The title block overall dimensions are 7-3/8” x 5-5/16”. Items labeled in Figure 3 are described in Table 4, Drawing Title Block Descriptions.

Contractor logo shall be located in the center between the revision section and title block section if used. The title block contains attributes that are extracted and used for SJAFB Digital Vault database management system. The title block shall not be modified in any way.

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Figure 3 - Drawing Title Block

NOTE: Item E, Drawing Name title shall be used as the paperspace layout tab name.

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ITEM

BLOCK DESCRIPTION

TEXT

SIZE

ITEM

BLOCK DESCRIPTION

A Revision Approval 0.125 B Revision Date 0.125 C Revision Description 0.125 D Revision Level (Number) 0.125 E Drawing Title (same as layout tab) 0.125

F Project Title as in

ACES/PM

0.125

G Date (same as on cover sheet)

0.125

H Drawing Scale 0.125 I Drafter’s Initials 0.125 J Drawing File Number 0.125 K Project Number 0.125 L Sheet Number and Total

Sheets 0.125

M Discipline Sheet 0.125

Table 4 - Drawing Title Block Descriptions

2.1.5 Drawing Numbering.

It is essential that the drawing numbering schema be one that:

• �Facilitates electronic archiving, retrieval, and interchange.

• �Readily relates the drawing of the facility or object being represented.

• �Facilitates unique project identification.

• �Promotes reuse of existing drawings.

2.1.5.1 Drawing Number Structure.

The drawing number structure for all engineering drawings covered by this standard shall consist of a maximum of 24 characters as shown below. See Figure 4 for Drawing Number Structure.

[VKAG-XX-XXXX-dXXX]-REV -XX (Max 24 Characters)

Revision** Drawing Type (A-1, C-3…) Project # FY for Project Facility ID: VKAG – Seymour Johnson AFB SUYA – Dare County Bombing Range HEVT – Ft Fisher Recreation Area ** Optional by the approval of the CADD manager.

Figure 4 - Drawing Number Structure

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The portions of the drawing number shown in square brackets ([ ]) are used as required.

The brackets are for reference only and are not included in the drawing number.

The facility identifier is assigned to each facility as assigned in ACES.

The project fiscal year is indicated by the last two numbers of the fiscal year.

The drawing project number for a drawing is a four number sequence as assigned by 4CES/CEPD programming and as listed in ACES.

The discipline codes are listed below:

A – Architectural F – Fire protection L – Landscape S – Structural C – Civil G – General M – Mechanical T – Telecomm.

D – Demolition H – Hazardous mat. P – Plumbing V – Surveys E – Electrical I – Interiors R – real estate/lease Z – Contractor/shop drawings

2.1.6 Arrangement of Drawings.

2.1.6.1 Construction Drawing Sets.

The drawings in a construction drawing set are listed by discipline in Table 2-6, Construction Drawing Set. These drawings are commonly used in identifying a complete set of drawings for the construction of a new facility. Drawing sets for the construction of a facility modification must consist of a subset of the drawings listed in this table.

Construction drawing sets shall be arranged by discipline in the following sequence.

DISCIPLINE CODE DRAWING DESCRIPTION

General G Cover, Index, Abbreviations, Symbols, Staging &

Safety Plans Real Estate/Lease R Property Boundaries And Legal Descriptions Civil C Legend Civil C Site Civil C Boring Log Civil C Under Slab Drainage Civil C Building Site Plan Civil C Grading Plan Civil C Utility Plan Civil C Details, Elevations And Sections Civil C Site Improvements Civil C Structural Canopy Details Civil C Layout, Grading, Draining And Landscaping Civil C Structural Details Demolition D Removal of Existing Construction Hazardous Materials H Hazardous Materials Landscaping L Legend, Symbols And Abbreviations Landscaping L Irrigation Plan

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Landscaping L Planting Landscaping L Irrigation And Planting Details Architectural A Legend, Symbols And Abbreviations Architectural A Floor Plan Architectural A Reflected Ceiling Plan Architectural A Roof Plan Architectural A Elevations Architectural A Sections Architectural A Details Architectural A Millwork Architectural A Equipment Architectural A Furniture Interiors I Interior Building Elements Structural S Legend, Symbols And Abbreviations Structural S Structural Foundation Plan Structural S Framing And Decking Plan Structural S Roof Framing Plan Structural S Structural Details Structural S Structural Steel Grounding Structural S Erection Drawings Mechanical M Legend, Symbols And Abbreviations Mechanical M Equipment Schedule Mechanical M Elevations Mechanical M Generator And Fan Room Plan Mechanical M Chiller Room Plan Mechanical M Mechanical Room Plan Mechanical M Roof Plan Mechanical M Sections And Details Mechanical M Details Mechanical M Hot And Cold Piping Diagrams Mechanical M Miscellaneous Mechanical M Steam Piping Systems Mechanical – HVAC M Under Floor Plan Mechanical – HVAC M Floor Plan (Room Area) Mechanical – HVAC M Ceiling Plan Plumbing P Legend, Symbols And Abbreviations Plumbing P Foundation Plan Plumbing P Piping Plan Plumbing P Riser Diagram Plumbing P Sanitary Riser Diagram Plumbing P Storm Riser Diagram Plumbing P Roof Drain System Plumbing P Details Fire Protection F Legend, Symbols And Abbreviations Fire Protection F Sprinkler System Fire Protection F Alarm Systems Fire Protection F Fire Fighting Equipment Fire Protection F Stand Pipe System Electrical E Legend, Symbols And Abbreviations

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Electrical E 1st Floor Lighting Plan Electrical E Power And Communications Plan Electrical E Grounding Plan Electrical E Security Plan Electrical E Equipment Electrical E Miscellaneous Electrical E Electrical E Details Electrical E Single Line Diagrams Electrical E Panel Schedules Telecommunications T Legend, Symbols And Abbreviations Telecommunications T 1st Floor Communications Plan Telecommunications T Details Telecommunications T Manhole And Cable Diagrams Z-Contractor Z Shop Drawings

Table 5 - Construction Drawing Set

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2.1.6.2 Electronic Drawing File Structure.

As illustrated in the figure 2-5 below, the drawing files are organized logically to allow easy access. The “V:\” drive is the storage drive on the CADD server, contained within this drive are many folders. The “Projects” folder contains the AutoCAD drawing files used for construction design. Projects are grouped by fiscal years and are filed in the “FY” folder. Each project folder is identified by a fiscal year indicator and four digit sequence number. These numbers are assigned by the Engineering Flight Programming Element, note: projects may be identified by phase or A/B suffixes as part of the project number with the project folder reflecting the same. Contained within the root of the project folder are the drawing files and associated support files. Current active drawings shall be located directly in the main project folder with other drawings, submittals as illustrated below. Other folders within the project folder are the rescinded drawings, details, base or XREF and the A-E submittal folders where A-E submittal drawings are placed, with the most current drawings placed in the root project folder.

Submittals shall be placed into an individual folder by date submitted. Multiple A-E submittals may exist during the lifecycle of the project design. The “Rescinded Drawing” folder contains drawings no longer used, however, are saved for future reference. Other folders may be required during the design process and can be created with the approval of the CADD manager. Figure 5 shows a typical setup of folders for projects.. Other drawing folders may contain details, sections, or elevations. Each detail, section or elevation shall be its own drawing or dwg file.

PROJECTS

FY-07

VKAG 07-0001

A-E SUBMITTALS

SUBMITTAL BY DATE

SUBMITTAL BY DATE

RECENDED

DRAWINGS

VKAG xx- 0001-

G1.DWG

VKAG 07-xxxx

ACTIVE

DRAWINGS

V:\

Figure 5 - Drawing File Structure

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Figure 6 shows the typical drawing structure within the root project folder for current drawings.

Figure 6 - Typical Project Drawing Structure

Figure 6 above also shows the layout of the AutoCAD Sheet Set construct. The Sheet Set manager allows users a method of logically organizing drawing sets. To facilitate the proper listing of drawing in the sheet set, AutoCAD extracts the file name less the .DWG file extension, and adds the Layout Tab name to create the drawing name as listed in the index i.e. [VKAG 05-1049 E-1 (File name)] – [LIGHTING PLAN (Layout tab name)] resulting in [VKAG 05-1049 E-1 – LIGHTING PLAN]. Drawing Sheet sets allow the organization of drawing sets into project sequence by discipline, with sub folders for base or other drawings, images used in drawings, the ability to Plot or Publish (using the “PUBLISH” command) of drawing sets, and the transmittal of drawing sets to or from contractors (A&E, SABER…). The E-Transmittal of drawing sets using Sheet Sets ensures that all external references, blocks and other supporting files used by drawings are packaged properly and referential data regarding location of sub folders used in projects. Drawing referential locations are re-established when users unzip/unpack drawing sets on the destination computer system. Sheet Sets allow users to create one file with all necessary files to be delivered to the end user. More about Sheet Sets can be found in the AutoCAD documentation or the “HELP” function in AutoCAD.

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2.1.6.3 Drawing Template Files.

To standardize and streamline the drawing process, drawing template files have been created on the server. Templates are located on the CADD server in the following location - V:\AutoCAD Templates - These templates are discipline specific with preset definitions for units, text styles, linetypes and layers. When creating a new drawing, select the template required for the proper discipline. Figure 7 shows the template selection window. Drawing borders and title block are part of the template and exist in the paperspace layout tab, modify/update the attributes for that drawing with appropriate project information. The cover sheet G-1 Drawing contains all the drawing elements required, again, modify/update the attributes for that drawing with appropriate project information.

Figure 7 - Drawing Template Selection

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2.1.7 Typical Sheets and Layouts for Construction Drawing Sets.

Nearly all construction drawing sets will use one of the following six standard sheets and layouts described in the following five subsections. All the sheets depicted in this section are D-size drawings.

2.1.7.1 Cover Sheet.

Each construction drawing set should have a cover sheet that clearly identifies the drawing set. The cover sheet must have a title block containing all of the information about the drawing set. See Figure 8, Cover Sheet Layout.

Figure 8 - Cover Sheet Layout

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2.1.7.2 Floor Plan Layout.

The Floor Plan Layout sheet is intended for all plan type drawings regardless of discipline. See Figure 9, Floor Plan Layout.

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SCALE

KEY

PLAN

LEGEND

NOTES

MAG. VAR. 9°-10'W

N

Figure 9 - Floor Plan Layout

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2.1.7.3 Elevation and Section Plan Drawing Layout.

The elevations are stacked in the upper half of the drawing field. The bottom of the drawing field is available for details when the detail sheet is full. See Figure 10 - Elevation and Section Plan Drawing Layout.

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PLAN

GRAPHIC

SCALE

LEGEND

NOTES

ELEVATION 1

ELEVATION 2

ELEVATION 3

ELEVATION 4

Figure 10 - Elevation and Section Plan Drawing Layout

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2.1.7.4 Detail Sheet Layout.

The detail sheet layout is a collection of details that clarify construction or installation details that cannot be shown at a smaller scale. Cross-reference the detail with the drawing sheet from which it was taken. The normal layout has seven columns, including Notes area, and four rows. When the scale calls for a larger detail block, use surrounding blocks. Try to keep the details in square shaped blocks. Identify the blocks as shown in Figure 11, Detail Sheet Layout. Start with notes on the right. In the remaining space, start with A1 in the upper right hand corner and move downward to A3.

Start each column with a new alphabetic character (e.g. B1, C1, D1) and move down each column.

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DETAIL

1 2

DETAIL

1 2

A4

DETAIL

1 2

DETAIL

1 2

C4B4

DETAIL

1 2

DETAIL

1 2

D4

DETAIL

1 2

DETAIL

1 2

DETAIL

1 2

DETAIL

1 2

DETAIL

1 2

A3

A2

A1

DETAIL

1 2

C2

C3

DETAIL

1 2

B3

B2

DETAIL

1 2

D3

D2

C1B1

DETAIL

1 2

DETAIL

1 2

D1

E4

DETAIL

1 2

DETAIL

1 2

DETAIL

1 2

E3

E2

E1

DETAIL

1 2

Figure 11 - Detail Sheet Layout

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 23

2.1.7.5 Schedule/Diagram Sheet Layout.

Figure 12, Schedule Sheet Layout, shows the format for schedules which are frequently used in drawing sets for electrical, plumbing, and mechanical drawings. The drawing field may extend above the title block, as long as the notes or legends can be relocated on the sheet as shown.

UB T

I

TSR

OF

U

LEGEND

NOTES

NOTES

SCHEDULES

Figure 12 - Schedule Sheet Layout

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 24

2.1.8 Layers/Levels.

CADD layers (AutoCAD) are analogous to overlays in manual drafting systems and serve to separate graphic elements according to the design discipline they represent.

AutoCAD allows an unlimited number of layers to be identified with names or numbers.

The layers defined within this standard are based on those set forth in the American Institute of Architects' publication, "CADD Layer Guidelines."

Drawing layers can be populated in drawings using the Tri Services Workspace Standard located at the following URL:

https://tsc.wes.army.mil/tsws_acad/TSWS_DownLoad.asp This program automates the process of creating layers within drawings.

Drawing templates shall be obtained from the 4th CES/CEPT section for use by all A/E design projects.

NOTE: Typical Layer/level names are presented in Appendix A of this document.

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 25 https://tsc.wes.army.mil/tsws_acad/TSWS_DownLoad.asp

2.1.9 Text Styles/Fonts.

Customized text fonts shall not be used, only fonts provided with the basic AutoCAD program shall be used. SJAFB standard font is Arial. All drawing text shall be in upper case, except for special case abbreviations such as “dB”, “MHz”, and “NiCd”.

Abbreviations shall comply with MIL-STD-12 and abbreviations shall not be followed by a period unless that abbreviation spells another word. There shall be no stacked fractions, that is, fractions shall be shown with a slash, e.g. 1/4. Contrasting text styles or fonts are used within a drawing to delineate types of information.

SJAFB template files shall be used as text styles and fonts are pre-set. The following is for discussion purposes or use only as approved by the SJAFB CADD manager.

In most A/E/C drawings the seven AutoCAD fonts shown in Table 6, Comparison of Font Types, should be sufficient.

• �Monotext font. This font creates text characters that are evenly spaced. It should be used where text fields need to line up such as in schedules or title blocks. In AutoCAD, use the “monospaced text” font.

• Proportional font. It is appropriate for general notes or labels. In AutoCAD, use the “Roman Simplex” font with a width factor of 1.

• �Slanted font. A slanted font is used for instances where certain text needs to be distinguished from other text. This font can be created in AutoCAD by using the “Roman Simplex” font with the Obliquing Angle set to 21.8 degrees to achieve the American Standard slope of 2:5 (68.2 degrees).

• �Standard font. This font is used for notes, callouts, etc.

• �Roman Duplex font. This font is used for titles and subtitles.

• �Greek font. This font provides special characters for use in labeling electronic components. In AutoCAD use the “Greeks” font with a width factor of 1.0.

Fonts cannot be translated between CADD systems; however they can be replaced or mapped to a nearly identical one. For purposes of this manual, only those most compatible (identical in appearance and size) between MicroStation and AutoCAD are defined. It should be understood that these fonts do not translate perfectly and some cleanup may be required after any translation between systems.

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 26

Table 6 - Comparison of Font Types

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 27

2.1.10 Line Widths and Colors.

SJAFB template files shall be used as line types, widths and colors are assigned by layer. The following is for discussion purposes or for use with the approval of the SJAFB CADD manager.

Most commercial CADD systems provide an extensive variety of line widths. However, for the majority of A/E/C drawings, the five line widths defined in Table 7 below, Color Comparison and Associated Line Widths, are considered sufficient and shall not be expanded unless an appreciable improvement in drawing clarity or contrast can be realized. Typical usage for the line widths is described below:

• �Fine (0.18 mm). Fine lines should be used sparingly, mostly for hatching/patterning (this line thickness typically does not reproduce well in blue-line format and/or in photocopies).

• Thin (0.25 mm). Thin lines should be used for depicting dimension lines, dimension leader/witness lines, note leader lines, line terminators (arrowheads, dots, slashes), phantom lines, hidden lines, centerlines, long break lines, schedule grid lines, and object lines seen at a distance.

• Medium (0.35 mm). Medium lines should be used for depicting most object lines, text (dimensions, notes/callouts, and schedule), and schedule grid accent lines.

• Wide (0.50 mm). Wide lines should be used for major object lines, cut lines, section cutting plane lines, and titles.

• Extra wide (0.70 mm). Extra-wide lines should be used for minor title underlining, schedule outlines, large titles, and object lines requiring special emphasis. For very large scale details drawn at 3 in. = 1 ft-0 in. or larger, the extra-wide width should be used for the object lines. Extra-wide widths are also appropriate for use as an elevation grade line, building footprint, or top of grade lines on section/foundation details.

• XX Wide (1.00 mm). This line weight should be used for major title underlining and separating portions of drawings.

• XXX Wide (1.40 mm). This line weight should be used for border sheet outlines and cover sheet line work.

• XXXX Wide (2.00 mm). This line weight should be used for border sheet outlines and cover sheet line work.

APPLICATION TEXT HEIGHT

(IN INCHES)

COLOR

Titles 1/4” Green AutoCAD #3 Subtitles 5/32” Green AutoCAD #3 Notes; Callouts; etc. 1/8” (preferred) or 3/32” White AutoCAD #7

Table 7 - Text Heights and Colors

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 28

Table 8 below cross references the on-screen display colors with the AutoCAD color number. The color yellow shall not be used and is only reserved for highlighting.

Line

Thickness

Color

Plotted Line Width (mm)

Plotted Line

Width (in)

AutoCAD Color # Fine Blue 0.18 0.007 5 Fine Gray 0.18 0.007 8 Thin White 0.25 0.010 7 Thin Red 0.25 0.010 1 Medium Green 0.35 0.015 3 Medium Cyan 0.35 0.014 4 Wide Magenta 0.50 0.020 6 Extra Wide Orange 0.70 0.028 30

Table 8 - Color Comparison and Associated Line Widths.

2.1.11 Line Types.

The line styles applicable to this standard are represented in Figure 13, Standard Line Types, Additionally, Tri-Services CAD Standard Line Types are represented in Figure 14, (located in the Tsaec4.lin, Tsaec8.lin, and Tsaec32.lin files), and additional line types may be developed and incorporated into the standard as needed for specialized applications. Custom line type files shall be delivered with all project drawings.

Figure 13 - Standard Line Types

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 29

Figure 14 - Tri-Services CAD STANDARD Line Types

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 30

2.1.12 Units.

The units for all A/E/C drawings shall be units of feet and inches and fractions of an inch, with the smallest fraction normally being 1/8" or as decimals in feet, tenths, and hundredths of a foot (unit of measure for civil and site plans will be in US Survey Feet).

Dimensions of less than a foot must be shown in inches or fractions of inches for all drawings with the exception of civil and site plans which fractional units are expressed in tenths, hundredths and thousands of a foot. Drawing units shall be set that in civil and site plans one drawing unit equals one foot (1 drawing unit = 1.0‘). Drawing units for architectural and other building drawings shall be set to one drawing unit equals 1 foot, zero inches (1 drawing unit = 1’-0”).

2.1.13 Drawing Origins and Working Units for CADD Drawings.

AutoCAD consistent origins shall be used to ensure ease of translation and attaching of externally reference files.

2.1.13.1 AutoCAD Working Units and Drawing Origin.

AutoCAD has an infinite design plane, eliminating limitations to the space available for drawing. Working units should be selected according to the discipline of the drawing:

architectural (feet, inches, and fractions of an inch), engineering (feet, tenths, hundredths, and thousands of a foot). For civil drawings and site plans, the lower left corner of drawings shall be positioned at the Cartesian coordinate origin point of 0,0,0.

with all objects in North Carolina State Plane (North American Datum 1983 horizontal and 1988 vertical US Survey Feet). Civil drawing orientation in model space shall be north up to remain in alignment with NC State Plane. Civil drawing orientation in paper space shall be in a north up orientation, however, if required may be twisted using the “Dview” command and at the approval of the SJAFB CAD Manager.

Architectural base drawings for all other building disciplines shall have the lower left of the base building object located at X,Y coordinates of 100’-0”, 100’-0” for the base drawing object. All civil drawings and site plans shall use a decimal units setting, and other building drawings set to architectural units.

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 31

2.1.14 Externally Referenced Files (XREF).

The use of externally referenced files by AutoCAD allows for the viewing of all or part of a drawing file from another drawing file (base / root file). Externally referenced drawings reduce the complexity of drawing maintenance/management. During the design process, a site plan or floor plan set up as a base drawing can be used by many disciplines to ensure the proper layout of their specific alignments, interference checking, or equipment. Changes to the site plan or floor plan in the XREF drawing allows all disciplines to see the same change to the site plan or floor plan without having to change each individual plan. Reduced scale files shall not be utilized as reference files. Only full-scale drawing files shall be utilized as references. Nesting of reference files shall be avoided. As files are created and referenced, filenames shall not be changed, as it will result in the inability of the host file to find its reference files. All reference files shall be included with file transfers to and from SJAFB. Merge all reference files into the final drawing package when one or more of the following criteria is met:

• �Prior to archiving old revisions of drawing files.

• �The drawings are obsolete.

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 32

2.1.14.1 Specific Use of AutoCAD Reference Files.

All files referenced in the host file shall use the “Attach” option within the XREF command. Example use of “xref” file is the base drawing for a building. This file contains the basic object geometry used in all other discipline drawings. Geometry includes walls, door openings, reflected ceiling grid, and other objects that are common to other discipline drawings. Multiple individual XREF drawings may be utilized in a root drawing. The following diagrams illustrate the basic concept of the XREF concept.

Figure 15 shows the overlay concept of XREF within a drawing. The hangar floor plan is the externally referenced portion of the drawing. Contained with the active drawing modelspace is the aircraft placed in the hanger. The border and title block are shown in the paperspace environment. Figure 16 shows the completed drawing as would be required for construction.

Figure 15 - Active / xref Drawing Construct

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 33

Figure 16 - Active / XREF Drawing Construct

Sections and Details shall be individual drawings / drawing file and used as XREF’s into a section or detail sheet. Modifications of the individual section or detail .DWG file simplifies the drawing management process.

2.1.15 Patterning/Hatching.

Do not create customized patterns/hatches; use the patterns/hatches supplied with the basic AutoCAD software. Patterning/hatching shall be placed on a separate annotated layer for patterns/hatching. Patterning/hatching shall be contained within a polygon shape, created using polylines, and associated (associative hatching) with that polygon for easy editing.

2.1.16 Dimensioning.

Refer to the ANSI Y14.5M for additional dimensioning information not provided in this standard. All dimensions shall be in model space. The distance from the object for the first dimension is 1/2" and each additional dimension is 3/8" further apart as viewed in paperspace. See Figure 17, Dimensioning Styles and Directions, and Figure 18, Dimension and Extension Line Spacing, for dimension examples.

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 34

A B C D

'-0

'-0

4'

-0

10'-0" 20'-0" 20'-0" 254'-0"

1/2" 3/8" 1/

2" 3/ 8"

Figure 17 - Dimensioning Styles and Directions

9'-0"

14" 10" 20" 20" 20" 10" 14" 3'-8"

7'-0"

8" 4" (TYP.)

1/

Figure 18 - Dimension and Extension Line Spacing

2.1.15.1 Dimension Text Size.

All dimensioning text must be placed into the dimension layer. The size of dimension text is the same as the drawing field text (no smaller than 3/32" height, with 1/8" being standard). Refer to Table 1, Scale Factor and Text Height Conversion Chart, for scaling factors and text height.

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 35

2.1.15.2 Positioning Dimensions.

See Figure 17, Dimensioning Styles, and Directions, for examples. Avoid crossing dimension lines. Centerlines may be extended and used as extension lines. Place longer dimensions outside of shorter ones. Do not cover dimensions with patterns in sectioned areas. Whenever possible, arrange dimensions so they can be read easily on one continuous line. Dimensions are always placed on the drawing so that the text may be read from the bottom or the right. Locate dimension lines so that they do not cross extension lines. If it is necessary to dimension at an angle, that angle should be in quadrant between the horizontal and vertical; so that the text may be read between 0 and 90 degrees. All text must be located above or centered on the dimension lines. The location of text on the dimension line shall be consistent throughout the drawing set.

Fractions must be located on one line with a space between the whole inch and fraction.

Make fractions with a slant bar with numbers the same height as text, for example, 1/4".

All dimension and extension lines shall be created using the “fine” line weight.

Arrowheads and dimension text shall be created using the “thin” line weight. See Table 8, Color Comparison and Associated Line Widths, for line weight definitions.

2.1.15.3 Leaders.

When a note or dimension cannot be placed close to an object, a leader may be used. A leader consists of a short horizontal line, an angled line and a terminator. See Figure 19, Placement of Leader. When a leader points to an object, the angled line must terminate with an arrowhead at its first object line. When the information refers to (applies to, or points to) a surface of an object, use a small filled dot or tilde. When the information refers to a bundle or grouping of wires or cables, use a lasso. An example of this is shown in Figure 20, Typical Leaders. All leader lines and arrowheads shall be created using the “fine” line weight. See Table 8, Color Comparison and Associated Line Widths, for line weight definitions.

THIS FIGURE SHOWS THE PLACEMENT OF LEADERS FOR

ENGINEERING NOTES, VENDOR DESCRIPTIONS, OR OTHER

EQUIPMENT CALL OUT’S ON A DRAWING. THE LEADERS CAN BE

LOCATED AT THE START OF THE NOTE OR AT THE END.

THIS FIGURE SHOWS THE PLACEMENT OF LEADERS FOR

ENGINEERING NOTES, VENDOR DESCRIPTIONS, OR OTHER

EQUIPMENT CALL OUTS ON A DRAWING. THE LEADERS CAN BE

LOCATED AT THE START OF THE NOTE OR AT THE END.

Figure 19 - Placement of Leaders

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 36

GRADE

CONCRETE

SLAB

POINTING TO OBJECT

STEEL

FRAME

GLASS

POINTING TO SURFACE

TO SECURITY

TO FIRE CONTROL

TO MAIN CIRCUIT

BREAKER

GROUPING WIRES

Figure 20 - Typical Leaders

2.1.15.4 Arrowheads.

Arrowheads denote termination of dimensions and leader lines and show direction.

Arrowheads should be filled, and must be the same size and style as the arrowheads used in other dimensions. Arrowhead size should be a 3:1 ratio for length to width, and in proportion to any associated text.

Lassos are elliptical loops used in lieu of an arrowhead to indicate a dimension of a singular unique object on a drawing. Examples are pipe sizes or wire sizes.

2.1.17 Symbols.

Symbols used in drawings should comply with the U.S. National CAD Standard, ANSI, or TSSDS CAD Standard.

All symbols used in a drawing must be indicated in a legend.

2.1.18 Drawing Titles.

Titles should be used on drawings with more than one subtitle to logically group associated drawing components. Titles must also be used on drawings with multiple views when title block information is inadequate and additional identification is required.

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 37

2.1.18.1 Drawing Subtitles.

Subtitles must be used on drawings with more than one view or when sections or details are required for clarity. Subtitles must also be used on drawings with a single view when title block information is inadequate and additional identification is required. Subtitles are always located below and centered on the view to which they apply, except for detail drawings where the title shall be located to the lower left. Subtitles for plans, standard details, typical details, etc., which are not referenced in other views, consist of two lines.

The first line shows the exact title of the view or detail. The second line indicates the scale of the view or detail, along with bar scales. See Figure 21, Standard Subtitle Annotation.

PLOT PLAN

ONE LETTER

SPACE

SCALE: 1" = 10'-0"

SITE PLAN

NOT TO SCALE

LINE WEIGHT

"MEDIUM"

TYPICAL

LINE WEIGHT

"THIN"

TYPICAL

SCALE

.125 HT

SCALE

.156 HT

Figure 21 - Standard Subtitle Annotation

2.1.19 Sections and Details.

2.1.19.1 Sections.

Sections must be drawn whenever additional clarification is warranted. Sections must be drawn using the drafting standards shown in Figure 22, Standard Section Annotation.

The three types of section indicators to be used are short sections, extended sections, and offset sections. These are shown in Figure 25, Short Sections, Extended Sections, and Offset Sections. Section drawings shall be grouped by drawing discipline to eliminate confusion. Each section shall be an individual drawing to simplify the modification process. Section sheets shall XREF the individual section drawings into a composite drawing. Section file names shall follow the format: VKAG 05-1049 S3-1.dwg

- project number, discipline sheet (sheet S-3), and individual section number (detail 1).

All sections must be cut toward the top or left side of the drawing except in unusual situations. In some cases, it may be necessary to cut a short section reading from the left, but this should be avoided if possible. Sections must appear on the same drawing on which they are cut. If the section cannot be drawn on the same drawing, it must appear on a separate drawing reserved for sections. Under no circumstances are sections to be scattered indiscriminately throughout the set of drawings. Sectional cuts shall be lettered in alphabetical order on each drawing. The letter in the top half of the

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base Standard Engineering Drawing Preparation & Support 38 circle marker must indicate the section letter. The alphanumeric number in the lower half of the circle marker must indicate the drawing on which the section is shown. Heavy dark lines located in the position where the section is cut must indicate the location of the cutting plane. Offset sections may be used only when section clarity requires adjustment of a portion of the cutting plane. The limits of extended or offset sections limits must be indicated by a circular marker at one end of the cutting plane and by a half arrowhead at the other end. On all sectional cuts, the circle markers must be placed so that they can be read from the direction of cut.

A A012

LINE WEIGHT

"MEDIUM"

TYPICAL

Ø .625

TYPICAL

TEXT - SCALE .125 HT

LINE…