EPA Vehicle End of Life Guidance.pdf

Processing End-of-Life Vehicles:

A Guide for Environmental Protection, Safety and Profit in the United States-Mexico Border Area

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery

EPA530-R-15-007

epa.gov/border2020

Contents Introduction

Purpose of This Guide

Overview of an End-of-Life Vehicle

Scrap Vehicle and Metal Recovery Operations

1. Accepting and Storing Discarded Vehicles

2. Removing Hazardous Materials

3. Dismantling Vehicles for Usable or Recyclable Parts

4. Storing Vehicle Hulks

5. Storing Hazardous Fluids and Materials

6. Crushing Vehicle Hulks

Responsible Disposal

Cost Recovery

Health, Safety and Security

Worker and Public Safety

Environmental Health and Safety

Site Security

Industry Standards and Additional Guidance

For More Information

Appendix A Collection, Stockpiling, and Disposal Quick-Reference Sheets

Appendix B Vehicles Containing Mercury Switches

Processing End-of-Life Vehicles: A Guide for Environmental Protection, Safety and Profit in the United States-Mexico Border Area

Introduction Every year, vehicles that reach the end of their useful life end up as discarded vehicles. Often these vehicles are abandoned or stockpiled at poorly managed scrap yards.

While it is unclear how many vehicles reach the end of their useful life annually, there are periodic regional or country-specific reports that provide estimates of discarded or stockpiled vehicles. These stockpiled vehicles have reached the end of their useful lives, but have not been properly processed for recovery of the reusable or recyclable materials or disposal of waste components. Without proper processing, scrapping and recycling, the number of vehicles will only increase year after year. Once vehicles reach the end of their useful life, they can be a liability and owners might abandon them on open land. Local governments are often left to deal with these vehicles and the public health, environmental and financial burdens associated with them.

Not only are these vehicles a liability and an eyesore in local communities, but they often contain hazardous materials, like antifreeze and oil, that can be harmful to workers, residents and the environment. Fortunately, with the proper tools, facilities and knowledge to process discarded vehicles, hazards can be properly managed and the vehicle components and parts can be recovered for their scrap metal value. Properly managing discarded vehicles reduces risks to workers, public health and the environment; lowers disposal costs; saves landfill capacity and creates opportunities to recover valuable resources and earn revenues from dismantling and scrapping operations.

As part of the U.S.-Mexico Border 2020 Program’s goal to reduce waste, by safely and responsibly recovering materials and managing waste, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Mexican environmental agency, Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT), collaborated on this guide to help operators of vehicle dismantling facilities

Abandoned vehicles that require processing and prepping before materials recovery and disposal understand and practice environmentally sound management. Border 2020 emphasizes a regional bottom-up approach as the basis for decision-making, priority-setting and project implementation to address the environmental and public health problems in the border region.

Purpose of This Guide This guide provides vehicle dismantling and scrapping facilities and their operators with information on proper removal, storage and handling of potentially hazardous materials from discarded vehicles. Removing hazardous materials will help ensure that vehicles can be safely stored and processed, maximizing the recovery of valuable resources and mitigating worker safety, public health and environmental risks. By training staff to properly handle and prepare vehicles for scrapping and recycling, facilities can remove more of these vehicles from border communities and provide environmental, economic and aesthetic benefits. This guide provides general guidance and best practices for your assistance -it does not replace local laws and regulations.

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Overview of an End-of-Life Vehicle Regardless of its age and its weight, a vehicle is made out of about 75 percent metal, both ferrous and non-ferrous.

The remaining 25 percent of the vehicle weight results from tires, fluids and other materials. When vehicles reach the end of their useful life or are discarded, they contain different wastes that include glass, metal, plastic, fabric and rubber components. They also include fluids such as used oil, antifreeze, lubricants and gasoline or diesel, and increasingly contain electronic components with heavy and precious metals. Understanding the parts and components of a discarded vehicle is integral to its safe and efficient recovery. Properly processing vehicles will prevent cross-contamination and maximize recovery value.

Scrap Vehicle and Metal Recovery Operations Processing and preparing discarded vehicles for disposal requires ample space for six different activities:

1. Accepting and storing discarded vehicles.

2. Removing hazardous materials.

3. Dismantling vehicles for usable or recyclable parts.

4. Storing vehicle hulks.

5. Storing and disposing of hazardous fluids and materials removed from discarded vehicles.

6. Crushing or shredding vehicle hulks (deliver to metal crushing facility if not equipped to complete this activity).

1. Accepting and Storing Discarded Vehicles When accepting discarded vehicles and preparing them for salvage, you should visually inspect the vehicle for any leaks. Dedicate a space for inspecting vehicles when they arrive on-site. This space should include measures to prevent soil and water contamination if fluids are leaking from the vehicle. Begin dismantling and processing the discarded vehicles as soon as possible to reduce storage time and minimize the potential for environmental contamination from leaking fluids. Runoff from the storage area caused by precipitation (rain, snow, etc.) should not be contaminated. Methods to collect and treat runoff can be used if the site is known to have contaminated surfaces. However, doing so may require obtaining a water discharge permit for the facility from the local authorities. When accepting or storing discarded vehicles:

• Check discarded vehicles for leaks.

• Clean up any spills.

• Dispose of any contaminated soils and cleaning materials as hazardous waste, unless materials are determined not to be hazardous waste.

• Minimize the time from when a vehicle is received to when it is disassembled and processed.

Vehicle Ready for Dismantling

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2. Removing Hazardous Materials

The first step in processing a discarded vehicle is to drain it of all hazardous fluids, such as those from fuel tanks, transmissions, radiators and power steering units, as well as any parts that are leaking fluids.

You should remove the battery and fluids in the following order to ensure the safe removal of all hazardous items:

1. Battery.

2. Refrigerants.

3. Gasoline or diesel fuel.

Next, the following fluids should also be removed in any order:

• Antifreeze.

• Brake fluid.

• Engine oil.

• Transmission fluid.

• Power steering fluid.

• Differential fluid (if present).

• Windshield washer fluid.

The following hazardous materials should also be removed before the vehicle hulk is crushed or shredded:

• Mercury switches [found in anti-lock brakes (ABS) brakes and convenience lighting].

• Lead (battery connectors and wheel weights).

Detailed information on the collection, stockpiling, and disposal for each of these waste streams is provided in quick-reference sheets in Appendix A.

The amount of fluids to be removed is estimated at around 19 liters per vehicle. The table below shows the estimated volume of fluids in discarded vehicles by fluid type. The space used for draining fluids and dismantling vehicles should have a sturdy, non-permeable base, such as concrete or durable liner, to provide an easy cleaning surface and to prevent spilled fluids from contaminating the environment. The space should be covered to protect it from the weather and to prevent spilled materials from being washed into the environment. If the space includes an exposed concrete pad, it should be high enough off the ground to prevent flooding during rainstorms.

Estimated Volume of Fluids in Discarded Vehicles

Fluid Type Liters/Vehicle U.S. Gallons/ Vehicle

Fuel 10.2 2.7

Engine oil 3.6 1.0

Coolant 2.8 0.7

Transmission oil 1.3 0.3

Steering gear oil 0.8 0.2

Total 18.7 4.9

Waste Fluids Drained from a Vehicle Mercury Switch from Vehicle Convenience Light

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An alternative option for smaller or temporary locations is to undertake work outdoors in dry, warm weather only upon an impermeable working surface. The constructed temporary vehicle fluid recovery area should consist of, for example, poly liner or plywood working surface.

Absorbent materials should be on hand at all times to clean up any spills. All spills must be cleaned up and any contaminated soils and cleaning materials must be disposed of as hazardous waste unless materials are tested and shown not to be hazardous or otherwise determined not to be hazardous waste.

3. Dismantling Vehicles for Usable or Recyclable Parts Once all of the hazardous components are removed, you should identify and remove all usable or recyclable components. Reusable or recyclable parts of a discarded vehicle often hold value even after the end of the car’s useful life. If in good condition, many engine components and body parts can be salvaged, reconditioned and sold to automotive repair shops or to individuals performing auto restoration projects. Some metal recycling companies also require that most, if not all, plastic and upholstered components be removed before shredding or crushing the vehicle hulk.

4. Storing Vehicle Hulks Once all of the hazardous materials and usable or recyclable parts have been completely removed from a discarded vehicle, it is commonly referred to as a “hulk.”

Hulks are defined as the shells of large usable items, usually vehicles or vessels. Vehicle hulks can be hard to move and take up a large amount of dedicated space.

When storing vehicle hulks, remember:

• Vehicle hulks should only be stored once all hazardous materials have been removed.

• Clean up any lingering spills or leaks seen around hulks immediately.

• Salvage hulks for usable or recyclable parts.

• Send hulk to a metal crusher or crush and ship hulks with no more “salvage” value to a scrapper for scrap metal recycling.

Recommended Equipment for a Vehicle Dismantling Facility

• Secured building with garage-bay-style door, concrete floor, adequate roof and no drains leading to a sewer, sewage tank or stormwater collection system.

• Forklift or other heavy machinery to move vehicles from receiving area to dismantling area and then from dismantling area to vehicle hulk storage area.

• Gasoline evacuation pump with filter.

• Small wheel hoists to lift car high enough to drain fluids.

• Small hand pumps for removal of engine oil, transmission fluid, gear oil, coolants and brake fluid.

• Containers for storage of oils, antifreeze, windshield washer fluid, etc.

• Portable refrigerant removal device with separate storage tanks for each type of refrigerant.

• Dedicated drip pans to catch fluids.

• Spill kit to clean up spills.

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5. Storing and Disposing of Hazardous Fluids and Materials Hazardous fluids and other hazardous materials should be stored in sealable containers and separated appropriately. These containers should be kept in the vehicle dismantling area, stored on the concrete pad.

This will provide easy access to the containers when draining fluids from vehicles. Once these containers are full, the hazardous materials must be sent to an appropriate hazardous waste disposal facility. Hazardous materials and fluids of the type found in discarded vehicles should never be released into the environment or sent to a municipal waste landfill.

Other best practices for storage include:

• The storage area should be covered to provide protection from the weather.

• Containers of hazardous materials should be on a non-permeable surface.

• Fuels should be stored in a well-ventilated area of a building or outdoors protected from the weather.

• Refer to the quick-reference sheets in Appendix A for proper handling and storage techniques for each hazardous material.

6. Crushing Vehicle Hulks Once all of the salvageable parts and hazardous materials are removed, the vehicle hulk can be crushed to reduce its volume for shipping. However, removing the nonhazardous, non-metallic components reduces the volume of material to be crushed and could increase the scrap value of the vehicle hulk. Crushing consists of flattening a hulk or logging it—that is, compressing it into a rectangular cube.

When you have stored enough hulks, you may hire a third-party to bring a mobile crusher and operate it at your site. The crushing area must be large enough to accommodate the crusher and also have a space designated for the storage of crushed vehicles. The following steps should be completed in conjunction with crushing operations:

• All hazardous fluids and materials should be removed from the vehicles prior to crushing.

Example of Fuel Collection and Storage Container Vehicle Crusher in Operation

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• Any spills should be cleaned up immediately and all contaminated soil and cleaning materials should be disposed of as hazardous waste (unless tested or shown otherwise).

• Any fluids resulting from the crushing operations should be collected and disposed of as hazardous waste (unless tested or shown otherwise).

• Once the crusher has been removed from site, the site should be cleaned and debris removed to a permitted landfill.

The proper handling of these waste streams is discussed in Appendix A’s quick-reference sheets on collection, stockpiling and disposal.

Responsible Disposal The types of hazardous fluids and materials found in discarded vehicles must never be sent to a typical municipal landfill. Hazardous materials require special handing, transportation, recordkeeping and disposal facilities in accordance with the local, state and federal laws and regulations. Some hazardous materials, such as lead components and waste batteries, can be recycled rather than discarded. Contact the appropriate facility, such as a secondary lead smelter or a waste battery recycler to arrange the delivery of hazardous materials that retain value. Other hazardous waste streams, such as mercury switches, require a specific facility that can accept mercury wastes. Remember to:

• Contact a recycling/hazardous waste facility permitted by SEMARNAT to accept the specific waste stream to arrange the delivery of hazardous materials.

• Contact the appropriate transport authority (marine, rail or road) before the shipping and transportation instructions of waste to ensure proper handling.

• Keep manifests and transportation records on -site.

Cost Recovery The long-distance transportation of vehicle hulks and the proper disposal of hazardous materials to a permitted recycling and disposal facilities can be costly. However, in advance of crushing, many items can be salvaged from vehicles that can be sold to recyclers to help cover some of the related disposal costs. Recovery costs of these items will depend on the market value of the materials at the time of sale. These items may include:

• Usable or recyclable parts.

• Catalytic converters (high-value items that contain several precious metals).

• Batteries.

• Aluminum wheels.

• Fuel (gasoline/diesel).

• Antifreeze.

• Used oil.

The most valuable item recovered from a discarded vehicle is the crushed or logged vehicle hulk, sold as scrap metal. Removing the hazardous liquids and materials from the discarded vehicle allows a facility to sell the vehicle hulk for profit. As noted above, removing the nonhazardous, non-metallic components reduces the volume of material to be crushed and could increase the scrap value of the vehicle hulk.

Example of "Logged" Metal

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Health, Safety and Security Worker and Public Safety Dismantling operations can involve a number of hazardous substances posing worker and public safety concerns. Consequently, employers should ensure that their workers are trained in safe work practices for the facility. Among these are special handling and storage requirements for hazardous materials, first aid and emergency procedures. Employers should also provide workers with the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE) to complete their jobs in a safe manner.

PPE and safety items that should be kept on-site include:

• Approved safety boots (steel toe).

• Eye goggles.

• Gloves.

• Eye wash station.

• First aid kit.

• Fire extinguisher.

• Work coveralls.

Workers should remove items from vehicles in the following order to prevent injury and environmental damage:

1. Remove the battery to de-energize the vehicle.

2. Remove refrigerants to prevent accidental release into the environment.

3. Remove gasoline in a well-ventilated area to prevent the buildup of fumes and decrease the risk of fire or explosion.

4. Remove other hazardous materials.

Public safety must also be taken into consideration during dismantling operations. Common hazards include:

• Exposure to hazardous waste.

• Trips, slips and falls.

• Fires and explosives.

Keep the dismantling operation's location secure from public access during normal working hours. At the end of each day, secure the site to prevent public access.

Environmental Health and Safety Collecting and storing hazardous materials on-site creates the potential for environmental contamination.

The following best practices should be used in order to prevent potential spills and contamination:1

• Store all hazardous materials in approved containers with securely fitting lids.

• Place all containers holding hazardous materials in an area with no drains and include measures to prevent soil and water contamination if fluids are leaking from the containers.

• Properly label all containers with their contents to prevent cross-contamination of recovered fluids.

• Remove gasoline outside the dismantling area in a well-ventilated area.

• Remove refrigerants after the battery has been removed, but before any other fluids or parts, to prevent accidental leakage to the environment.

• Use drip pans at all times to catch fluids dripping from vehicles.

• Ensure that areas where hazardous wastes are stored are not susceptible to water runoff or

1. National Code of Practice, 2008, and British Columbia Ministry of Environment, 2008

Ensuring a Safe Dismantling Area The dismantling area must have an adequate roof and concrete floor pad for easy cleanup of spills and to prevent soil contamination.

Smaller or temporary locations can dismantle vehicles outdoors in dry, warm weather, but only on an impermeable working surface, such as plywood over a protective sand layer or liner.

Protection, Safety and Profit in the United States-Mexico Border Area

• Keep lime or bicarbonate of soda on hand to neutralize spilled battery acid.

• Dispose of all used spill cleanup material as hazardous waste.

In order to follow the above best practices, the following safety equipment should be kept on hand:2

• Fire extinguishers in all facility buildings.

• Safety equipment, such as rubber or latex gloves and safety goggles.

• Absorbent materials, such as rags, towels and sawdust.

• Containers to hold spilled waste and used absorbent materials.

• Shovels and/or scoops.

• Industrial spill cleanup products tailored for the cleanup of oils and solvents, depending on the facility operations.

Site Security Site security is very important. Facilities that process discarded vehicles can become targets for vandalism and theft, and the materials and equipment kept on site can present hazards to intruders. Therefore, it is extremely important to keep all equipment locked and inaccessible to the public. Store all hazardous materials and vehicle dismantling equipment in a secured location. Lock any machinery, such as the crushing equipment, in a secured location at the end of each day to prevent injury.

2. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 2002

Industry Standards and Additional Guidance This guide provides basic guidance and general best practices for your assistance. If you would like to strive for a higher standard of recovery, you can consult additional industry guidance and standards, such as those established by the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries and their associated standards, including the Recycling Industry Operating Standard™. There may also be standards for specific vehicle components—for example, the Responsible Recycling standard and the e-Stewards certification for the recovery of used electronic devices, as well as the Rubber Manufacturing Association’s guidance on the recovery of scrap tires.

For More Information This guide was produced by the U.S. EPA and SEMARNAT under the U.S.–Mexico Border 2020 Program. The mission of the Border 2020 Program is to protect the environment and public health in the U.S.–Mexico border region, consistent with the principles of sustainable development. For assistance with use of this guide, or for more information about ongoing efforts of the Border 2020 program, please visit www.epa.gov/border2020.

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Appendix A. Collection, Stockpiling and Disposal Quick- Reference Sheets The quick-reference sheets in this appendix summarize the proper collection, stockpiling and disposal of waste streams associated with discarded vehicles. Keep these sheets in a place where they can be easily reviewed by dismantlers when dealing with these types of wastes.

Quick-reference sheets are provided for the following waste streams:

• Waste fuel.

• Refrigerants.

• Waste batteries.

• Lead.

• Mercury switches.

• Waste fluids.

COLLECTION STOCKPILING

Waste Fuel Worker Hazard:

Waste

Refrigerants Worker Hazard: Refrigerants are gasses under pressure and may

Refrigerants may

• Remove refrigerants after the battery has been removed but before

• Record the amount of refrigerant

• Refrigerants are recovered using

Hose connecting refrigerants pump to tank

Tank

Waste Batteries Environmental Hazard: Waste batteries Environmental Hazard: Waste batteries

Waste batteries have value!

You can sell them to a battery recycler.

TIP:

Be careful not to crack the battery casing! Many recyclers will not accept leaking batteries!

Lead

• Remove lead wheel weights and battery cable ends before crushing the vehicle.

• Store lead wheel weights and battery cable ends in separate, heavy-duty containers.

Lead parts have value!

You can sell lead parts to a smelter who recycles the material.

Worker Hazard: Lead is toxic to people and can lead to serious and long-term health problems.

Environmental Hazard: Lead is

COLLECTION STOCKPILING & DISPOSAL

Mercury Switches Worker Hazard: Mercury is toxic to people and can lead to serious and long-term health problems.

Environmental Hazard: Mercury is

• Appendix B—Vehicles Containing Mercury Switches

Convenience Lights

• Find the lighting assembly under the vehicle trunk and/or hood and remove

• Open the lighting assembly to expose the mercury switch (a sealed metal pellet).

• Remove the switch and place it in the collection container.

Anti-Lock Braking Systems

• Find the ABS G-Force sensor. It can be located in the drive tunnel, below the rail below the driver.

• Remove the s ABS G-Force sensor and place it entirely in the collection container. Do not remove the switches.

• Store mercury switches in a plastic container with a send the switches to a

Waste Fluids Environmental Hazard:

• Store container in a secondary

Waste Oil Antifreeze Washer Fluid

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Appendix B. Vehicles Containing Mercury Switches

Table 1. Vehicles Containing Mercury Convenience Switches

MAKE / MODEL MODEL YEAR

SWITCH LOCATION

Hood Trunk Vanity Mirror

AUDI

Audi 100 1977-1988

Audi 200 1980-1988

CHRYSLER GROUP Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep, Plymouth, Eagle

All 1998 and prior

FORD Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, Mazda, Merkur, Volvo

Ford Mustang 2000 and prior

Ford Crown Victoria 2000 and prior

Mercury Grand Marquis 2000 and prior

Lincoln Town Car 2000 and prior

Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, and Merkur Cars 1996 and prior

Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury Trucks, SUV’s, and Vans 2001 and prior

* Excludes: 1999 and newer model year Ford Econoline, Ford Windstar, Ford Ranger, and Mercury Villager

Mazda Navajo 1993 -1997

Mazda B-Series Pick-Up 1995 -1999

* Ranger/B-Series phased out of mercury switches with 1999 model year.

Volvo (hood & trunk switches) 1991 and prior

Volvo (vanity mirror switch) -- Excludes Volvo 240 1986 -1991

* Volvo convenience switches may contain glass mercury capsules. Use care when removing convenience switches from these vehicles.

GENERAL MOTORS Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, Buick, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab

All Vehicles 1999 and prior

* Excludes: 1999 model year Chevrolet Astro, Chevrolet Silverado, GMC Safari, GMC Sierra

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MAKE / MODEL MODEL YEAR

SWITCH LOCATION

Hood Trunk Vanity Mirror

Cadillac Escalade 2000

Chevrolet Blazer 2000, 2001, 2002

Chevrolet Cavalier 2000, 2001

Chevrolet Corvette 2000

Chevrolet Express 2000, 2001, 2002

Chevrolet S-10 Crew cab 2002

GMC Denali 2000

GMC Envoy 2000, 2001

GMC Jimmy 2000, 2001

GMC Savana 2000, 2001, 2002

GMC Sonoma Crew cab 2002

Luxury G-Van 2001, 2002

Oldsmobile Bravada 2000, 2001, 2002

Pontiac Sunfire 2000, 2001

PORSCHE

924 1976 - 1985

924 S 1986 - 1988

944 1982 - 1988

944 S 1987 - 1988

944 S2 1989 - 1991

944 Turbo 1986 - 1991

928 1978 - 1983

928 S 1980 - 1983

928 S / S4 1984 - 1990

ELV Solutions. Mercury Convenience Light Switches.

• See the following page for Mercury ABS G-force switch locations. BMW, MITSUBISHI, NISSAN, SUBARU, VOLKSWAGEN, and TOYOTA vehicles DO NOT contain mercury convenience switches.

• Vehicles manufactured 2003 Model Year and beyond DO NOT contain mercury convenience switches.

• Vehicles without trunks including SUVs, station wagons, and hatchbacks DO NOT contain a mercury convenience switch in the “Trunk” or rear of the vehicle.

Vehicles Containing Mercury Convenience Switches (cont'd)

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MAKE / MODEL MODEL YEAR

SWITCH LOCATION

Rear Seat Rear Center Driver Seat Right Front

AUDI Audi

Audi 80 / 90 1987 - 1993

Audi 100 / Avant 1987 - 1993

Audi V8 1989 - 1995

Audi 200 1987 - 1991

Audi Coupe quattro 1987 - 1992

CHRYSLER LLC Dodge, Jeep

4WD Dodge Stealth 1992 - 1996

Jeep Cherokee 1992 - 2001

Jeep Grand Cherokee 1993 - 2001

Jeep Wrangler 1992 - 2003

FORD MOTOR COMPANY Ford, Mazda, Mercury

Ford Bronco 1993 - 1997

Ford Explorer 1993 - 2002

Mazda Navajo 1993 - 2002

4x4 Ford Ranger 1995 - 2001

Mazda B-Series Pick-up 1995 - 2001

AWD Mercury Mountaineer 1997 - 2002

MITSUBISHI

3000 GT 4WD 1991 - 1994

Galant 4WD 1990 - 1992

Expo 4WD 1991 - 1993

Expo LVR 4WD 1991 - 1993

Eclipse 4WD 1991 - 1993

NISSAN

Pathfinder 4x4 1996

SUBARU

Subaru Legacy w/ 5MT AWD 1990 - 1995

Subaru Impreza w/ 5MT AWD 1993 - 1996

ELV Solutions. Vehicles containing Mercury ABS G-Force Sensors.

Table 2. Vehicles Containing Mercury ABS G-Force Switches

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MAKE / MODEL MODEL YEAR

SWITCH LOCATION

Console Driver’s Seat

TOYOTA

Celica 1990 - 1993

MR2 1991 - 1993

Supra 1990 - 1993

LEXUS

ES 250 1990 - 1991

LS 400 1990 - 1992

VOLVO

All Models Except 240 1987

All Models 1988 - 1992

240 1993

AUDI

Audi 80/90 1989 - 1993

Coupe 1990 - 1991

Audi 100/200 1989 - 1993

S4 1992

Audi V8 1990 - 1991

MERCEDES-BENZ

Model 190 1986 - 1990

E-Class 1986 - 1990

S-Class 1984 - 1990

ELV Solutions. Air Bag Crash Sensor Module Information.

NOTE: In the above applications only the air bag crash sensor modules contain mercury switches. Air bag inflation units (steering wheel, instrument or dash panel, seat, side curtain, etc.) do not contain mercury switches and should not be removed.

Table 3. Vehicles Containing Air Bag Crash Sensor Modules with Mercury Switches

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