Elseroad 2008 BCA 5 yr restoration implementation plan.pdf

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 1

Boardman Conservation Area

Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan

Adrien Elseroad

October 2008

I. Background

The 23,000 acre Boardman Conservation Area contains some of the best remaining grassland and shrub-steppe in the Columbia Plateau ecoregion. However, portions of the

Conservation Area are dominated by non-native plant species and pose a risk to the remaining high quality habitats. The Boardman Conservation Area Restoration Plan (Elseroad 2007) outlined restoration objectives and methods; this document identifies sites where restoration efforts will be initiated over the next five years, and the schedule for seed collection, site preparation, planting, and monitoring for each site.

II. Location of restoration sites

Restoration efforts in the next five years will occur in McIntyre Holding and The Field

(Figure 1). Portions of these former pastures were identified as Type 1 restoration sites (i.e.

dominated by non-native annual plant species) and were rated as “very high” priority for restoration because they are highly degraded and located adjacent to high quality native grassland (Elseroad 2007). Vegetation at these sites is currently dominated by cheatgrass, which has the potential to spread to the adjacent high quality grassland, and if burned, may experience hot and fast moving fires that could also spread. Noxious weeds, including yellow starthistle

(Centaurea solstitialis) and diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa), are present in some areas as well. Therefore, restoring these sites is an important strategy for protecting the adjacent high quality native grassland from both non-native species and uncharacteristically hot fires.

Degraded portions within McIntyre Holding and The Field were divided into six 50 to

~100 acre restoration sites, one of which will be seeded with native grasses each year (Figure 1).

Restoration of McIntyre-1 has already been initiated (Carlson 2007, Elseroad 2008), therefore native grass seeding will occur in McIntrye-2 this fall.

III. Plant material needs

Large quantities of plant materials will be needed for the restoration plantings. The grass seed mix that will be used at each site is shown in Table 1, and the total amount of grass seed and forb plugs needed are shown in Table 2.

Grass seed

Native grass seed (Pseudoroegneria spicata, Poa secunda, Hesperostipa comata, and

Elymus elymoides) collected on the Conservation Area is currently being increased by L&H

Seeds, Inc. in Connell, WA. Sufficient seed for all species is available for the 2008 planting, and enough Pseudoroegneria spicata seed is available for the 2009 planting. Although sufficient seed is not currently available, it is likely that the Poa secunda, Hesperostipa comata, and

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 2

Elymus elymoides plants that are currently in production will produce enough seed for the 2009 and 2010 plantings.

Within the next few years, additional on-site seed collections will be needed to maintain the genetic diversity of the seeds that are being increased. Guidelines for maintaining genetic diversity of plant materials recommend that seed used in restoration plantings be harvested only from the original seed collection (the first generation) planted by the commercial grower (Rogers and Montalvo 2004). Although the increased cost associated with first generation seed may limit its use in all restoration plantings, it should be used whenever possible.

The only Pseudoroegneria spicata seed that is currently available is from the second generation, therefore additional on-site seed collections should be made in late spring 2009 and sent to the grower for increasing. The first-generation Poa secunda, Hesperostipa comata, and

Elymus elymoides seed currently in production will probably produce seed for a few more years, but additional on-site seed collections may be needed by 2010. On-site seed collections should be made at least two years before the increased seed is needed, since it can take several years for the plants to produce sufficient seed for large restoration plantings.

Forbs

Forb seed collected on-site are currently being grown into plugs by The Plantworks, in

LaGrande, OR. All plugs currently in production will be planted in McIntyre Holding-1 this fall, therefore additional seed will need to be collected for future plantings. Large quantities of seed will need to be collected every spring and fall (depending on the species) so that sufficient forb plugs will be available for planting.

IV. Site preparation

Site preparation at all restoration sites should focus on reducing annual plant species competition (primarily cheatgrass) prior to and during native grass establishment. Described below are the herbicide-only options, since these are the easiest to implement, but the other site preparation options outlined in the restoration plan (Elseroad 2007) can also be considered.

Herbicide options for reducing cheatgrass competition include glyphosate, a non-specific herbicide, or imazapic (tradename Plateau), which only targets annual species. The optimal time for applying glyphosate is in the spring prior to planting, before seeds are formed. This can be repeated for 2-3 years to reduce the cheatgrass seedbank. The advantage of spraying in the spring is that the herbicide will also reduce some of the other non-native annuals, such as Erodium cicutarium and Sisymbrium altissimum, in addition to cheatgrass. Another option is to spray glyphosate in the winter after planting the native grass seed, but this should be done before late

January to avoid spraying early emerging native grasses seedlings. The disadvantage of spraying glyphosate in the winter is that the reduction in cheatgrass can cause increases in other non-native annuals, since they emerge later in the season and are thus not affected by the herbicide.

This occurred in the McIntyre-1 restoration site, which was sprayed with 16 oz/acre of glyphosate in early February 2007. Although the glyphosate did substantially reduce cheatgrass

(Elseroad 2008), in spring 2008 there was a large increase in Erodium cicutarium in sprayed areas.

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 3

Imazapic should be used as a pre-emergent herbicide, and applied in the fall before cheatgrass emerges, and just prior to planting grass seed. In research plots on the Conservation

Area, imazapic applied in the fall at 4 oz/acre successfully reduced cheatgrass and other annuals for at least two years. The advantage of imazapic compared to glyphosate is that it only has to be applied once for two years of control, and it is easier to ensure that it is applied at the proper time, since it is used before cheatgrass emerges. The disadvantage of imazapic is it can lead to large increases in Russian thistle (Salsola kali), as seen in the research plots, and there is some evidence that it may reduce establishment of seeded native species (Bekedam 2004, Sheley et al.

2007).

In Table 3, four herbicide-only site preparation options are listed. Only Option 2 has been tested on the Conservation Area so far, therefore it is difficult to predict which option will be most effective. The optimal site preparation option will be the one that results in the greatest non-native annual weed reduction, the greatest establishment of planted species, and uses the least amount of herbicide. The best way to compare the effectiveness of the herbicide-only site preparation options is to develop a small-scaled research project. Treatments could include those listed in Table 3, and be implemented starting in spring 2009.

IV. Planting

Planting will consist of seeding native grasses in the fall with a rangeland drill and hand-transplanting native forb plugs the following fall. Timing of planting and plant materials needed for each restoration site are shown in Table 2, and assumes that all forb plugs are planted in one season. Depending on plug availability, however, forb transplanting may need to be split over two years.

Recommended seeding and transplanting rates are provided in Tables 1 and 2, but these should only be considered guidelines. The rates and/or species used should be modified if monitoring results indicate that the methods used were not successful. For example, initial seeding efforts on the Conservation Area using the rates in Table 2 resulted in low grass establishment in McIntyre-1 (Elseroad 2008), but because results were partially attributed to problems with the seed drill, the same mix will be used again this year. However, if establishment rates are still low when the new Truax range drill is used, seeding rates should be increased, or transplanting with grass plugs should be considered. Similarly, if some of the forb species consistently experience high mortality rates, species with higher survival rates should be used instead.

IV. Post-planting weed control

Options for controlling weeds once the native species are established are limited to spot-spraying, hand-pulling, or broadcast spraying herbicides that will not damage the native species.

For controlling cheatgrass, imazapic can be sprayed in the fall or a low concentration of glyphosate can be sprayed in the winter when the native plants are dormant.

Since the need for post-planting weed control cannot be predicted, and will probably vary by restoration site, the specific methods used and the timing of weed control are not included in this plan. However, monitoring results should be used to evaluate whether additional weed control is needed.

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 4

V. Monitoring

For the first three sites that are planted (McIntyre Holding-1, McIntyre Holding-2, and

McIntyre Holding-3), grass and forb monitoring will occur at the following time periods: 1 year post-planting, 2-years post-planting, 3-years post-planting, 5-years post-planting, and 10-years post-planting. For the remaining sites (McIntyre Holding-4, McIntyre Holding-5, The Field-1, The Field-2), monitoring will be scaled back and will occur at the following time periods: 1 year post-planting, 5-years post-planting, and 10-years post-planting. The first three sites will be monitored more frequently to provide information about initial seedling germination and survival, which can be used to adjust seeding rates. The monitoring schedule for each site is shown in Table 3.

Monitoring grass plantings will consist of measuring the density of all seeded grass species, and the cover of all species in 1m plots. A detailed description of monitoring methods is available in Elseroad (2008). Forb monitoring will consist of tracking the survival of 50 individuals of each species in each restoration site.

After the 5 years post-planting monitoring for grasses is completed for each site, monitoring results should be evaluated to determine whether restoration objectives set in the restoration plan have been met. Restoration objectives for Type 1 restoration sites (which include all the sites identified in this plan) are to: 1) increase native perennial herbaceous cover to at least

50% of total plant cover and 2) decrease non-native species cover to less than 50% of total plant cover. If objectives have not been met, decisions should be made about whether further restoration activities are needed, such as additional planting or weed control.

VI. Scheduling

Table 5 lists the schedule for all restoration activities associated with the McIntyre

Holding and The Field restoration sites from 2008-2024. This table combines the schedules for planting, site preparation, monitoring listed in Tables 2, 3, and 4, and also includes dates for additional seed collection, monitoring reports and evaluations, and the amount of time need to complete each task.

VII. Literature cited

Bekedam, S. 2004. Establishment tolerance of six native sagebrush steppe species to imazapic

(Plateau) herbicide: Implications for restoration and recovery. M.S. Thesis, Oregon State

University, Corvallis, OR.

Carlson, C. 2007. Restoration Seeding Boardman Conservation Area. Unpublished report, The

Nature Conservancy.

Elseroad, A.C. 2008. Restoration monitoring at the Boardman Conservation Area 2006-2007:

First year results. Unpublished report, The Nature Conservancy. Available at:

http://conserveonline.org/coldocs/2008/02/BCA%20restoration%20monitoring%202006-2007.pdf

Elseroad, A.C. 2007. Boardman Conservation Area restoration plan. Unpublished report, The

Nature Conservancy. Available at:

http://conserveonline.org/docs/2007/08/BCA%20Restoration%20Plan_June%202007.pdf http://conserveonline.org/coldocs/2008/02/BCA%20restoration%20monitoring%202006-2007.pdf http://conserveonline.org/docs/2007/08/BCA%20Restoration%20Plan_June%202007.pdf

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 5

Rogers, D.L. and A.M. Montalvo. 2004. Genetically appropriate choices for plant materials to maintain biological diversity. University of California. Report to the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Lakewood, CO. Online:

http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/publications/botany/plantgenetics.pdf

Sheley, R.L., M.F. Carpinelli, and K.J. Reever Morghan. 2007. Effects of imazapic on target and nontarget vegetation during revegetation. Weed Technology 12:1071-1081.

http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/publications/botany/plantgenetics.pdf

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 6

Figure 1. Priority restoration sites on the Boardman Conservation Area

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 7

Table 1. Grass seed mix for 2008-2012 Boardman Conservation Area restoration plantings.

Species % of mix lbs. PLS/ acre

Pseudoroegneria spicata 55 6.6

Hesperostipa comata 15 1.8

Poa secunda 20 2.4

Elymus elymoides 10 1.2

100 12

Table 2. Plant material needs for Boardman Conservation Area restoration projects initiated in

2008-2012. Lbs. of grass seed needed are based on the seeding rates provided in Table 1, and the number of forb plugs needed is based on a planting density of 100 plugs/acre.

McIntyre holding-2

McIntyre holding-3

McIntyre holding-4

McIntyre holding-5 +

The Field-1 The Field-2 5 year total

Total acres 50 92 100 106 104 452

Grass seeding date Fall 2008 Fall 2009 Fall 2010 Fall 2011 Fall 2012

Forb planting date Fall 2009 Fall 2010 Fall 2011 Fall 2012 Fall 2013

Grass species lbs. PLS needed

Pseudoroegneria spicata 330 607 660 693 686 2977

Hesperostipa comata 90 166 180 189 187 812

Poa secunda 120 221 240 252 250 1082

Elymus elymoides 60 110 120 126 125 541

Forb species number of plugs needed

Achillea millefolium 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Antennaria dimorpha 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Astragalus filipes 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Astragalus purshii 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Astragalus sclerocarpus 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Balsamorhiza careyana 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Calochortus macrocarpus 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Chrysopsis villosa 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Erigeron filifolius 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Eriogonum niveum 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Erigeron pumilis 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Linum lewisii var. lewisii 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Lomatium macrocarpum 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Oenothera pallida ssp. pallida 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Phlox longifolia 333 613 666 699 693 3004

Total plugs per site 4,995 9,191 9,990 10,490 10,390 45,055

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 8

Table 3. Herbicide-only site preparation options for Boardman Conservation Area restoration sites. Option 1 and Option 4 are likely to result in the greatest annual weed reductions.

Herbicide option

Holding-2

McIntyre

Holding-3

McIntyre

Holding-4

McIntyre

Holding-5 +

The Field-1 The Field-2

OPTION 1: Imazapic- applied October, same year as grass seeding

October

October

October

October

October

OR

OPTION 2: Glyphosate- applied 1st January post-grass seeding

January

January

January

January

January

OR

OPTION 3: Glyphosate- applied April, same year as grass seeding AND Glyphosate-applied 1st January post-grass seeding -

April 2009, January

April 2010, January

April 2011, January

April 2012, January

OR

OPTION 4: Glyphosate- applied April, year prior to grass seeding AND Glyphosate-applied April, same year as grass seeding - -

April 2009, April 2010

April 2010, April 2011

April 2011, April 2012

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 9

Table 4. Monitoring schedule for Boardman Conservation Area restoration sites.

Holding-1

McIntyre

Holding-2

McIntyre

Holding-3

McIntyre

Holding-4

McIntyre

Holding-5 +

The Field-1

The

Field-2

Pre-treatment monitoring completed

May 2006 completed

May 2007 May 2009 May 2010 May 2011 May 2012

Grass seed one year post-seeding May 2007 May 2009 May 2010 May 2011 May 2012 May 2013

2 years post-seeding May 2008 May 2010 May 2011 - - -

3 years post-seeding May 2009 May 2011 May 2012 - - -

5 years post-seeding May 2011 May 2013 May 2014 May 2015 May 2016 May 2017

10 years post-seeding May 2016 May 2018 May 2019 May 2020 May 2021 May 2022

Forb plugs

1 year post-planting May 2008 May 2010 May 2011 May 2012 May 2013 May 2014

2 years post-planting May 2009 May 2011 May 2012 - - -

3 years post-planting May 2010 May 2012 May 2013 - - -

5 years post-planting May 2012 May 2014 May 2015 May 2016 May 2017 May 2018

10 years post-planting May 2017 May 2019 May 2020 May 2021 May 2022 May 2023

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 10

Table 5. Schedule for all restoration activities in McIntyre Holding and The Field on the Boardman Conservation Area, 2008-2024. Site preparation options refer to Table 3. Although only one option should be used at each site, the schedule for each potential option is listed.

Date Project type Restoration site Tasks

Staff/volunteer hours needed Person responsible

October 2008 Planting McIntyre Holding-1 Plant 1,250 remaining forbs 63 hrs. All staff/volunteers

October 2008 Planting McIntyre Holding-2 Mark planting and spray area 5 hrs.

Land steward/Preserve

Assistant

October 2008

Site preparation-

Option 1 McIntyre Holding-2 Spray imazapic - Contractor

November 2008 Planting McIntyre Holding-2 Plant grass seed 40 hrs.

Land steward/Preserve

Assistant

January 2009

Site preparation-

Option 2 McIntyre Holding-2 Spray glyphosate - Contractor

February 2009 Monitoring All sites monitored to date

Complete 2006-2008 restoration monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

April 2009

Site preparation-

Option 3 McIntyre Holding-3 Spray lst glyphosate application - Contractor

April 2009

Site preparation-

Option 4 McIntyre Holding-4 Spray lst glyphosate application - Contractor

May 2009 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-1 Monitor 1st forb planting (yr. 2 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2009 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-1

Monitor 2nd forb planting (year 1 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2009 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-1 Monitor grass planting (year 3 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2009 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-2 Monitor grass planting (year 1 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2009 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-3 Collect pre-treatment monitoring data 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

Late spring 2009 Seed collection McIntyre Holding-2 Collect forb seed for plug grow-out 60 hrs. Seasonal staff/volunteers

Late spring 2009 Seed collection All sites planted after 2010

Collect Pseudoregneria spicata seed for grow-out 40 hrs. Seasonal staff/volunteers

Summer/Fall 2009 Seed collection McIntyre Holding-2 Collect forb seed for plug grow-out 30 hrs. Staff/volunteers

October 2009 Planting McIntyre Holding-2 Plant 5,000 forbs 250 hrs. All staff/volunteers

October 2009 Planting McIntyre Holding-3 Mark planting and spray area 5 hrs.

Land steward/Preserve

Assistant

October 2009

Site preparation-

Option 1 McIntyre Holding-3 Spray imazapic - Contractor

October 2009 Planting McIntyre Holding-3 Plant grass seed 160 hrs.

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 11

Staff/volunteer

January 2010

Site preparation-

Option 2 McIntyre Holding-3 Spray glyphosate - Contractor

January 2010

Site preparation-

Option 3 McIntyre Holding-3 Spray 2nd glyphosate application - Contractor

February 2010 Monitoring All sites monitored to date Complete 2006-2009 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

April 2010

Site preparation-

Option 3 McIntyre Holding-4 Spray lst glyphosate application - Contractor

April 2010

Site preparation-

Option 4 McIntyre Holding-4 Spray 2nd glyphosate application - Contractor

April 2010

Site preparation-

Option 4 McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Spray lst glyphosate application - Contractor

May 2010 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-1

Monitor 1st forb planting (year 3 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2010 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-1

Monitor 2nd forb planting (year 2 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2010 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-2 Monitor forb planting (year 1 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2010 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-2 Monitor grass planting (year 2 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2010 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-3 Monitor grass planting (year 1 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2010 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-4 Collect pre-treatment monitoring data 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

Late spring 2010 Seed collection McIntyre Holding-3 Collect forb seed for plug grow-out 60 hrs. Seasonal staff/volunteers

Late spring 2010 Seed collection All sites planted after 2011

Collect Elymus elymoides, Hesperostipa comata, and Poa secunda seed for grown-out

(as needed) 120 hrs. Seasonal staff/volunteers

Summer/Fall 2010 Seed collection McIntyre Holding-3 Collect forb seed for plug grow-out 30 hrs. Staff/volunteers

October 2010 Planting McIntyre Holding-3 Plant 10,000 forbs 500 hrs. All staff/volunteers

October 2010 Planting McIntyre Holding-4 Mark planting and spray area 5 hrs.

Land steward/Preserve

Assistant

October 2010

Site preparation-

Option 1 McIntyre Holding-4 Spray imazapic - Contractor

October 2010 Planting McIntyre Holding-4 Plant grass seed 160 hrs.

January 2011

Site preparation-

Option 2 McIntyre Holding-4 Spray glyphosate - Contractor

January 2011

Site preparation-

Option 3 McIntyre Holding-4 Spray 2nd glyphosate application - Contractor

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 12

Staff/volunteer hours needed Person responsible

April 2011

Site preparation-

Option 3 McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Spray lst glyphosate application - Contractor

April 2011

Site preparation-

Option 4 McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Spray 2nd glyphosate application - Contractor

April 2011

Site preparation-

Option 4 The Field-2 Spray lst glyphosate application - Contractor

May 2011 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-1

Monitor 2nd forb planting (year 3 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2011 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-1 Monitor grass planting (year 5 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2011 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-2 Monitor forb planting (year 2 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2011 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-2 Monitor grass planting (year 3 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2011 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-3 Monitor forb planting (year 1 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2011 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-3 Monitor grass planting (year 2 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2011 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-4 Monitor grass planting (year 1 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2011 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Collect pre-treatment monitoring data 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

Late spring 2011 Seed collection McIntyre Holding-4 Collect forb seed for plug grow-out 60 hrs. Seasonal staff/volunteers

Summer/Fall 2011 Seed collection McIntyre Holding-4 Collect forb seed for plug grow-out 30 hrs. Staff/volunteers

October 2011 Planting McIntyre Holding-4 Plant 10,000 forbs 500 hrs. All staff/volunteers

October 2011 Planting McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Mark planting and spray area 5 hrs.

Land steward/Preserve

Assistant

October 2011

Site preparation-

Option 1 McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Spray imazapic - Contractor

October 2011 Planting McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Plant grass seed 160 hrs.

January 2012

Site preparation-

Option 2 McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Spray glyphosate - Contractor

January 2012

Site preparation-

Option 3 McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Spray 2nd glyphosate application - Contractor

February 2012 Monitoring All sites monitored to date Complete 2006-2011 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

February 2012 Evaluation McIntyre Holding-1

Evaluate whether restoration objectives have been met 4 hrs.

Plant ecologist/Project manager

April 2012

Site preparation-

Option 3 The Field-2 Spray lst glyphosate application - Contractor

April 2012

Site preparation-

Option 4 The Field-2 Spray 2nd glyphosate application - Contractor

May 2012 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-1 Monitor forb planting (year 5 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2012 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-2 Monitor forb planting (year 3 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 13

Staff/volunteer hours needed Person responsible

May 2012 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-3 Monitor forb planting (year 2 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2012 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-3 Monitor grass planting (year 3 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2012 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-4 Monitor forb planting (year 1 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2012 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Monitor grass planting (year 1 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2012 Monitoring The Field-2 Collect pre-treatment monitoring data 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

Late spring 2012 Seed collection McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Collect forb seed for plug grow-out 60 hrs. Seasonal staff/volunteers

Late spring 2012 Seed collection Seed collection

Collect Pseudoregneria spicata seed for grown-out (as needed) 40 hrs. Seasonal staff/volunteers

Summer/Fall 2012 Seed collection McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Collect forb seed for plug grow-out 30 hrs. Staff/volunteers

October 2012 Planting McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Plant 10,000 forbs 500 hrs. All staff/volunteers

October 2012 Planting The Field-2 Mark planting and spray area 5 hrs.

Land steward/Preserve

Assistant

October 2012

Site preparation-

Option 1 The Field-2 Spray imazapic - Contractor

October 2012 Planting The Field-2 Plant grass seed 160 hrs.

January 2013

Site preparation-

Option 2 The Field-2 Spray glyphosate - Contractor

January 2013

Site preparation-

Option 3 The Field-2 Spray 2nd glyphosate application - Contractor

February 2013 Monitoring All sites monitored to date Complete 2006-2012 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

May 2013 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-1

Monitor 2nd forb planting (year 5 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2013 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-2 Monitor grass planting (year 5 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2013 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-3 Monitor forb planting (year 3 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2013 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Monitor forb planting (year 1 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2013 Monitoring The Field-2 Monitor grass planting (year 1 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

Late spring 2013 Seed collection The Field-2 Collect forb seed for plug grow-out 60 hrs. Seasonal staff/volunteers

Summer/Fall 2013 Seed collection The Field-2 Collect forb seed for plug grow-out 30 hrs. Staff/volunteers

October 2013 Planting The Field-2 Plant 10,000 forbs 500 hrs. All staff/volunteers

February 2014 Monitoring All sites Complete 2006-2013 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

February 2014 Evaluation McIntyre Holding-2

Evaluate whether restoration objectives have been met 4 hrs.

Plant ecologist/Project manager

May 2014 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-2 Monitor forb planting (year 5 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 14

Staff/volunteer hours needed Person responsible

May 2014 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-3 Monitor grass planting (year 5 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2014 Monitoring The Field-2 Monitor forb planting (year 1 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

February 2015 Monitoring All sites Complete 2006-2014 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

February 2015 Evaluation McIntyre Holding-3

Evaluate whether restoration objectives have been met 4 hrs.

Plant ecologist/Project manager

May 2015 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-3 Monitor forb planting (year 5 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2015 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-4 Monitor grass planting (year 5 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

February 2016 Monitoring All sites Complete 2006-2015 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

January 2016 Evaluation McIntyre Holding-4

Evaluate whether restoration objectives have been met 4 hrs.

Plant ecologist/Project manager

May 2016 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-1 Monitor grass planting (year 10 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2016 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-4 Monitor forb planting (year 5 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2016 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Monitor grass planting (year 5 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

February 2017 Monitoring All sites Complete 2006-2016 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

February 2017 Evaluation McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1

Evaluate whether restoration objectives have been met

Plant ecologist/Project manager

May 2017 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Monitor forb planting (year 5 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2017 Monitoring The Field-2 Monitor grass planting (year 5 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

February 2018 Monitoring All sites Complete 2006-2017 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

February 2018 Evaluation The Field-2

Evaluate whether restoration objectives have been met 4 hrs.

Plant ecologist/Project manager

May 2018 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-1

Monitor 2nd forb planting (year 10 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2018 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-2 Monitor grass planting (year 10 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2018 Monitoring The Field-2 Monitor forb planting (year 5 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

February 2018 Monitoring All sites Complete 2006-2018 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

May 2019 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-2 Monitor forb planting (year 10 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

Boardman Conservation Area Five-Year Restoration Implementation Plan 15

Staff/volunteer

May 2019 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-3 Monitor grass planting (year 10 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

February 2018 Monitoring All sites Complete 2006-2019 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

May 2020 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-3 Monitor forb planting (year 10 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2020 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-4 Monitor grass planting (year 10 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

February 2018 Monitoring All sites Complete 2006-2020 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

May 2021 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-4 Monitor forb planting (year 10 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2021 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Monitor grass planting (year 10 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

February 2018 Monitoring All sites Complete 2006-2021 monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

May 2022 Monitoring McIntyre Holding-5 + The Field-1 Monitor forb planting (year 10 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

May 2022 Monitoring The Field-2 Monitor grass planting (year 10 post-seeding) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

February 2023 Monitoring All sites

Complete 2006-2022 restoration monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist

May 2023 Monitoring The Field-2 Monitor forb planting (year 10 post-planting) 3 hrs. Plant/Field ecologist

February 2024 Monitoring All sites

Complete 2006-2023 restoration monitoring report 35 hrs. Plant ecologist