XS-1_Proposers'_Day_Airworthiness_Thieman.pdf

This briefing is DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. All documents and references quoted are public domain.

Briefing provided by AFRL/RQV, 2130 8th ST, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7541

Integrity Service Excellence

Airworthiness and XS-1

Bruce Thieman

Affordable Launch and Space Access

AFRL/RQ

Air Force Research Laboratory

8 Nov 2013

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-XA.jpg

One Team, One Data Package

Launch Authority (DoD/Range)

Airworthiness Certification (DoD: MFR)

Safety Review Board

Airworthiness Assessment (DARPA/Prime or Tailored 516B)

Launch Authority (FAA: License or Permit)

Test Readiness Review Board

Airworthiness Certification (FAA: Pre-Application Consultation)

Commercial Launch DoD Launch

Policy Review Payload Review

Financial Responsibility Environmental Determination

Commercial Only

Common Assessments

DoD Only

Distribution Statement A – Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited. 2

Why Do We Have to Worry About

Airworthiness?

•DoD Directive 5030.61 states that “All aircraft and air systems owned, leased, operated, used, designed, or modified by

DoD must have completed an airworthiness assessment in accordance with Military

Department policy.”

May 24, 2013

•Applies to all components of DoD including

DARPA

DIST A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

What is Airworthiness?

DoD and FAA Airworthiness Certification is concerned with preventing aircraft, sub-orbital rockets, and space launch vehicles from falling out of the sky and the potential impact on people and things at the site of impact. DoD UAV Airworthiness is a consideration since XS-1 is an unmanned aerial vehicle/remotely operated space launch and aircraft

(UAV/ROA) which will have unique safety-of-flight (SOF) system requirements.

• FAA Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations Part (i.e., 23, 25, 27, 29,

400) reference

– UAVs are regulated under the Special Airworthiness Certificate, within the

Experimental Category, and specifically within the Special Airworthiness

Certification for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.

• Joint Service Specification Guides (JSSG).

(http://engineering.wpafb.af.mil/corpusa/specification/jssg)

– MIL-HDBK-516B is a guideline for DoD System Engineers to assist in the analysis and certification of aircraft.

DIST A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/ http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/ http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/ http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/airworthiness_certification/sp_awcert/ http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/airworthiness_certification/sp_awcert/experiment/ http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/airworthiness_certification/sp_awcert/experiment/uas_faq/ http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/airworthiness_certification/sp_awcert/experiment/uas_faq/

XS-1 Safety, Flight Readiness, and

Airworthiness Approach

• We envision a safety and test process that looks something like:

– Test Readiness Review (TRR) and Safety Board to approve test plans for all ground and flight testing

– Airworthiness Certification Board for flight testing

– Flight Readiness Reviews before each flight campaign (airdrop, powered flight envelope expansion, space launch, 10 flights in 10 days, hypersonic flight to

Mach 10, etc.)

• Phase I BAA Initial Design and Risk Reduction

– Develop initial Master Test Plan (MTP)

– Develop a draft airworthiness certification process based on criteria such as those found in MIL-HDBK-516B

– During phase I, DARPA will identify external SMEs as an Airworthiness Board

• The DoD Airworthiness Board will attend the PDR at the end of Phase I.

• Phase II Final Design, Fabrication, and Integration Assembly and Test

XS-1 Safety, Flight Readiness, and

Airworthiness Approach

• Phase II Final Design, Fabrication, and Integration Assembly and Test

– Complete MTP with ground and flight test components Develop the airworthiness certification based on safety-of-flight criteria. Verify the XS-1 vehicle complies with the certification basis.

• DARPA will convene the Board to review the contractors deliverables, and generate questions/issues.

• Contractor and XS-P System Engineer resolve the questions/issues, update the Compliance Document.

• Distribute to Board members for concurrence.

• Certification authority signs prior to test readiness review and flight testing

– Conduct TRR

• Initiate Phase III Flight Test Campaign

– Flight Readiness Reviews before major flights and flight campaigns

FAA and DoD Airworthiness

Certification A simple approach:

• Using FAA Title 14 CFR and JSFGs or MIL-HDBK-516B, create a tailored airworthiness plan

– Identify applicable criterion considering system or product complexity, type, data, and intended use

– MIL-HDBK-516B is a guideline for DoD System Engineers to assist in the analysis and certification of aircraft. This handbook is also a useful tool for experimental aircraft safety evaluation and as a system engineering checklist.

– Supplement applicable criteria with specific measurable parameters, where appropriate (i.e., they add value to the definition of airworthiness requirements).

• Develop additional criteria, as appropriate, for any unique capabilities such as use:

– hypersonic test-bed

– launch vehicle, or

– reusable rocketplane/aircraft

Other References for Airworthiness

• FAA Airworthiness http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/

• FAA Airworthiness for experimental UAVs http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/airworthiness_certification/sp_awce rt/experiment/sac/

• FAA Airworthiness for Reusable Rockets http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/licenses_ permits/launch_reentry/#reusable

• Joint Service Specification Guide Airworthiness http://acqnotes.com/Tasks/Joint Service Specification Guides.html

• AF Policy Directive 62-6 Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 62-6, USAF

Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010:

• More on MIL-HDMB-516B http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-

516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5%20Feb%2004.pdf http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/ http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/airworthiness_certification/sp_awcert/experiment/sac/ http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/airworthiness_certification/sp_awcert/experiment/sac/ http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/licenses_permits/launch_reentry/ http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/licenses_permits/launch_reentry/ http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/licenses_permits/launch_reentry/ http://acqnotes.com/Tasks/Joint Service Specification Guides.html http://acqnotes.com/Tasks/Joint Service Specification Guides.html http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf

BACKUP

• BACKUPS

– Airworthiness Documents

Airworthiness Certification

•Airworthiness Certification verifies that a specific air vehicle can be safely maintained and operated within its described flight envelope. It shows the air vehicle can safely attain, sustain, and terminate a flight in accordance with approved usage limits

(range, speed, weight, altitude, safety). This certification is required for any fixed wing and unmanned vehicle that is new, or gone through any type of modifications to its configuration and/or envelope.

Joint Service Specification Guides (JSSGs) (available via US DoD ASSIST)

The complete set of JSSGs and their respective handbooks establish a common framework to be used by Government-Industry Program Teams in the

Aviation Sector for developing program unique requirements documents for Air Systems, Air

Vehicles, and major Subsystems. Each JSSG contains a compilation of candidate references, generically stated requirements, verification criteria, and associated rationale, guidance, and lessons learned for program team consideration. The JSSGs identify typical requirements for a variety of aviation roles and missions.

DIST A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited http://acqnotes.com/Tasks/Joint Service Specification Guides.html http://acqnotes.com/Tasks/Joint Service Specification Guides.html https://assist.daps.dla.mil/online/start/ https://assist.daps.dla.mil/online/start/ https://assist.daps.dla.mil/online/start/

Joint Service Specification Guides (JSSGs) (available via US DoD ASSIST)

– JSSG-2000 Air System

– JSSG-2001 Air Vehicle

– JSSG-2005 Avionic Subsystem, Main Body

– JSSG-2006 Aircraft Structures

– JSSG-2007 Engines, Aircraft, Turbine

– JSSG-2008 Vehicle Control and Management

System (VCMS)

– JSSG-2009 Air Vehicle Subsystems

– JSSG-2010 Crew Systems

DIST A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited http://acqnotes.com/Tasks/Joint Service Specification Guides.html https://assist.daps.dla.mil/online/start/ https://assist.daps.dla.mil/online/start/

MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria, 5

Feb 2004: MIL-HDBK-516

•Establishes the airworthiness certification criteria to be used in the determination of airworthiness of all manned and unmanned, fixed and rotary wing air vehicle systems. It is a foundational document to be used by the system program manager, chief/lead systems engineer, and contractors to define their air system’s airworthiness certification basis.

DIST A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf

MIL-HDBK-516B

http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-

516B,%20Airworthiness%20Certification%20Criteria%205%20Feb%2004.pdf

• Handbook is for guidance only

• Use of the Handbook builds credibility

• Latest version dated Feb 29, 2008

• Available at http://quicksearch.dla.mil/

• Tailoring to formulate certification basis

– Identify each criterion as applicable or nonapplicable

• Sections like Chapter 17 Aramament/Stores Integration doesn’t apply

– Can’t delete or modify any applicable criterion but nonapplicable parts can be removed

– Supplement applicable criteria with specific measurable parameters where appropriate

– Develop additional criteria, as appropriate, for any capabilities or systems not fully addressed by the criteria contained

• No criteria about rocket engines

• Likely will need to add criteria relating to thermal protection systems (criteria 8.2.15 likely isn’t sufficient)

• Others? Depending on vehicle design.

DIST A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf

Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 62-6, USAF Aircraft

Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010:

This Directive establishes policies for formal airworthiness assessments to ensure that AF organizationally operated aircraft are airworthy over their entire life cycle and maintain high levels of safety.

DIST A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf

Army Regulation 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of

U.S. Army Aircraft Systems, 21 May 2007:

• This regulation prescribes the policies, responsibilities, processes and/or procedures for airworthiness qualification and system specification compliance of manned and unmanned aircraft systems and subsystems, including the installation of allied equipment and modifications to Army aircraft. Army aircraft as used herein includes all aviation materiel and aircraft that are Army assigned, bailed, borrowed, loaned, leased, owned, or otherwise authorized for operation by Army personnel, or after modification under an Army contract.

DIST A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/Army Regulation 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of U.S. Army Aircraft Systems, 21 May 2007.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/Army Regulation 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of U.S. Army Aircraft Systems, 21 May 2007.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/Army Regulation 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of U.S. Army Aircraft Systems, 21 May 2007.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/Army Regulation 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of U.S. Army Aircraft Systems, 21 May 2007.pdf

Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) Instruction 13034.1D, Flight Clearance

Policy for Air Vehicles and Aircraft Systems, 15 March 2010:

• To establish policy, responsibilities, and procedures for executing airworthiness reviews resulting in NAVAIR flight clearances for all Department of Navy air vehicles and aircraft systems.

DIST A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/NAVAIRINST 13034.1D Flight Clearance Policy for AV, 15 Mar 10.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/NAVAIRINST 13034.1D Flight Clearance Policy for AV, 15 Mar 10.pdf

AcqLinks and References

- MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria;

http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness

Certification%20Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf

- Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness

Certification, 11 June 2010; http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF

Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf

- Army Regulation 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of U.S. Army Aircraft

Systems, 21 May 2007; http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/Army Regulation 70-

62, Airworthiness Qualification of U.S. Army Aircraft Systems, 21 May 2007.pdf

- NAVAIRINST 13034.1D, Flight Clearance Policy for Air Vehicles and Aircraft

Systems, 15 March 2010; http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/NAVAIRINST

13034.1D Flight Clearance Policy for AV, 15 Mar 10.pdf

- Website: ACQuipedia - Airworthiness & Airworthiness Certification;

https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=472511 http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/MIL-HDBK-516B, Airworthiness Certification Criteria 5 Feb 04.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/AFPD 62-6, USAF Aircraft Airworthiness Certification, 11 June 2010.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/Army Regulation 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of U.S. Army Aircraft Systems, 21 May 2007.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/Army Regulation 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of U.S. Army Aircraft Systems, 21 May 2007.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/Army Regulation 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of U.S. Army Aircraft Systems, 21 May 2007.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/Army Regulation 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of U.S. Army Aircraft Systems, 21 May 2007.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/Army Regulation 70-62, Airworthiness Qualification of U.S. Army Aircraft Systems, 21 May 2007.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/NAVAIRINST 13034.1D Flight Clearance Policy for AV, 15 Mar 10.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/NAVAIRINST 13034.1D Flight Clearance Policy for AV, 15 Mar 10.pdf http://acqnotes.com/Attachments/NAVAIRINST 13034.1D Flight Clearance Policy for AV, 15 Mar 10.pdf https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=472511 https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=472511 https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=472511 https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=472511