B08_Attachment_9_Wetland_Delineation_Report.pdf

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Colonial National Historical Park

Repair and Stabilize the York River Shoreline to

Protect the Colonial Parkway

Wetland Delineation Report

PMIS 145520

May2011 ri

.4 -----

Wetland Delineation Report

Repair and Stabilize the York River Shoreline Colonial NHP

CONTENTS

Contents

List of Figures ii

List of tables ii

Abstract iii

Introduction

Environmental Setting

Geology Landform and Surface Water

Vegetation Assemblages

10 Review of Offsite References

11 USGS 7.5-minute Topographic Seæes

12 Natiªnal Wetland Inventory

13 NRCS Soil Survey

14 Wetland Delineation 11

15 Methodology 11

16 Results 11

17 Ringfield Picnic Area Shoreline Area 13

18 Felgates Creek Area 13

19 BeIlfield Straight 13

20 Indian Field Creek 13

21 Sandy Point Southward Area 14

22 Navy Pier North Areas and 14

23 Navy Pier South Areas and 14

24 Ballard Creek Areas and 15

25 York River Cliffs 15

26 Point of Rocks North Areas and 15

27 Point of Rocks South 15

28 Moore House Areas and 15

29 Wetland Functions and Values Assessment 32

30 Highway Methodology USCOE 32

31 Functions and Values Assessment Narrative 33

32 Principal Investigator 34

33 References Cited 35

34 Appendix Wetland Delineation Data Sheets A-i

35 Appendix Representative Photographs A-95

36 Appendix Wetland Functions Values Assessment Data Forms A-109

TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER

flFN VER SERVICE CENTER

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Contents

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Description Pages

USGS Project Location Map 2-3

National Wetland Inventory Map 7-8

NRCS Soil Survey Map 9-10

4-18 Wetland Delineation Map 17-31

12 LIST OF TABLES

13 Table No Description Pages

15 Summary of Wetland Habitat Types 12 ii Contents

ABSTRACT

detailed wetland delineation was performed along an approximate 5.14-mile segment of the York River shoreline paralleling the Colonial Parkway and other areas within the Colonial National Historical Park in

York County Virginia The study area included the section of shoreline between the Ringfield Picnic

Area northwest of Felgates Creek and the southeastern park boundary adjacent to the U.S Coast Guard

Training Center Yorktown Intervening areas not reviewed in this study included the section of shoreline between the piers at Naval Weapons Station Yorktown and occurrences of private property near the eastern terminus The width of the study corridor was variable \Vhere the Colonial Parkway lies in close proximity to the shoreline the landward extent of the study was 20 ft beyond the southern edge of

10 pavement Where the parkway diverges from the shoreline it extended inland to the toe of the river bluff

11 The study extended seaward from the shoreline into approximately waist-deep water in the shallow

12 subtidal zone

14 Prior to conducting fieldwork extensive analysis of offsite references such as USGS topographic

15 mapping National Wetland Inventory data NRCS soil survey information and aerial photography

16 indicated the potential for wetlands and other waters of the United States to occur within the corridor

17 Specifically tidal wetlands emergent salt marsh and scrub-shrub habitats were anticipated in several

18 locations in the western and central reaches of the study area and combination of tidal and non-tidal

19 wetlands were expected eastward the latter in association with headwater seeps and small stream valleys

20 that showed on aerial mapping and other offsite references

22 Wetland delineation fieldwork was conducted on March 31 and April 1-16 2010 using the technical

23 criteria and procedures outlined in the Interim Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland

24 Delineation Manual Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region Wetland classification followed the

25 Cowardin System in accordance with NPS Procedural Manual 77-1 Based on the results of the

26 wetland delineation the following wetland areas were identified within the study corridor 8.22 acres of

27 intertidal emergent wetlands 6.02 acres of intertidal scrub-shrub wetlands 0.69 acre of tidally-influenced

28 forested wetlands 0.45 acre of non-tidal forested wetlands and 0.35 acre of non-tidal scrub-shrub

29 wetlands for an overall total of 15.73 acres of tidal and non-tidal wetlands

31 wetland functions and values assessment was prepared for representative wetland resources following

32 the Highway Methodology developed by the U.S Army Corps of Engineers Based on the assessment

33 model the intertidal wetland areas along the project corridor retain significant functional capacity for

34 shoreline stabilization wildlife habitat recreation and visual quality/aesthetics with certain areas

35 accommodating educationallscientific values due to ease of access multiple habitat types and unique

36 substrate conditions The functional capacity of certain wetlands is diminished somewhat by the presence

37 of invasive species such as common reed Phraginites australis or proximity to existing land uses such

38 as the Navy pier iii Abstract

INTRODUCTION

This report presents the results of detailed wetland delineation and functional assessment completed along an approximate X-mile segment of the York River shoreline in the Colonial National Historical

Park Colonial NHP York County Virginia This study will be used to support natural resource inventory and assessment efforts related to proposed shoreline stabilization measures along this reach of the York Rivers southern shore These stabilization efforts will ultimately protect valuable cultural and aesthetic landscape along this historic stretch of riverfront stretch that includes the Colonial Parkway scenic roadway corridor connecting the historic triangle of Yorktown Colonial Williamsburg and

10 Jamestown Island In recent years the roadway prism supporting the Colonial Parkway has been

11 threatened by erosion from storm surge and flood tides necessitating action to prevent further erosion and

12 protect this scenic and historic throughway

14 For the purposes of this review the study area was defined as variable-width corridor extending

15 generally northward into the river to approximately waist-deep water On the south side of the Colonial

16 Parkway the landward limit of the study area was established 20 ft beyond the edge of pavement where

17 the parkway lies in close proximity to the shoreline Where the parkway diverges from the shoreline it

18 extended inland to the toe of the river bluff At its northwestern terminus the project corridor is delimited

19 by the Ringfield Picnic Area shoreline northwest of Felgates Creek and at the far southeastern end the

20 Coast Guard pier just east of Moore House Figure

22 The project area does not include certain portions of the Yorktown Riverfront and public beaches on

23 either side of U.S Route 17 and the Coleman Bridge nor does it include the area interior to the Naval

24 wharf facility at the Naval Weapons Station Yorktown here forward referred to as the Navy Pier 25 Further portions of the shoreline east of an area known as Point of Rocks are privately owned see

26 Figure only shoreline areas under control of the National Park Service NPS through this reach were

27 included in this study

Introduction

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ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

Geology Landform and Surface Water

The lower York River is microtidal river-estuary and major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay the largest estuary in the United States Chesapeake Bay Program 2004 Friedrichs 2009 The Chesapeake

Bay is essentially flooded river valley with its source waters originating in the Susquehanna River to the north as well as the major western drainages including the Potomac Rappahannock York and James

Rivers Recent research on Chesapeake Bay geology has revealed that major basin-forming event occurred during the Eocene epoch roughly 35 million years ago when large meteor struck the earth in

10 the vicinity of the southern part of the Bay Hobbs 2009 The resultant impact crater had profound

11 effect on landform geology and the marine ecosystem in the middle and lower Bay regions including

12 the lower reach of the York River where the project area lies One such effect was the creation of

13 shallow marine environment in several stages of sea level rise and transgression an ideal condition for

14 diversity of coastal marine organisms to thrive during that time Johnson and Ramsey 1987 One of the

15 more unique geologic expressions of this period is the presence of fossilized shellbed layers in the

16 Yorktown Formation Hobbs 2009 which can be seen in several locations along the project corridor

17 where bank erosion has exposed the shell-bearing strata Such areas when exposed to currents waves

18 and other forces can become problematic erosional features due to the highly erodible character of the

19 shell-laden stratigrapfiy

21 Though classified as microtidal system i.e with tidal range less than 2m Walker 2005 tidal currents

22 and influent water in the upper and middle reaches of the river provide enough energy to cause significant

23 suspension of sediment which is transported downstream and deposited in slower velocity sections of the

24 river Friedrichs 2009 However because the project area lies on an outside bend of the river along its

25 southern shoreline current velocity tends to be greater on the south side of the river compared to the more

26 protected northern bank Hobbs 2009 Under these circumstances sediments are more likely to stay in

27 suspension This has an effect on coastal marshes if the supply of sediment is not in equilibrium with the

28 rate of erosion or sea level rise then the marsh fringe will eventually erode Friedrichs and Perry 2001 29 Shoreline fringe marshes help to dissipate wave and tidal energy during storm surges therefore they are

30 extremely important in protecting nearshore uplands from erosion If fringing marshes erode faster than

31 they can grow then they are no longer effective at protecting the adjacent upland slopes Hardaway and

32 Byrne 1999

34 Vegetation Assemblages

35 The vegetation of the York River coastline has been well documented by Peny and Atkinson 1997 36 2009 and the submerged aquatic vegetation monitoring program at the nearby Virginia Institute of

37 Marine Science e.g Orth et al 2009 Moore 2009 among others From these resources as well as the

38 Chesapeake Bay Program http//www.chesapeakebay.net/dataandtools.aspx the salinities expected

39 along the project area are in the mesohaline range i.e to 18 ppt The resultant emergent tidal marsh

40 communities that occur within this zone are composed of halophytic salt-tolerant plant species such as saltmarsh cordgrass Spartina alternfolia saitmeadow hay patens salt grass Distichilis spicata and black needlerush Juncus roemerianus Perry and Atkinson 1997 Diversity in these marshes tends to be low condition which is attributed to the combination of environmental stresses imposed by tidal inundation salinity and exposure to the often high-energy forces of waves and wind Nonetheless very distinct zonation can emerge within these mesohaline tidal marshes in which the principal dominant saltmarsh cordgrass can be seen to transition abruptly into zones dominated by the other species for example mono-specific black needlerush stands Such zonation often accords with elevation changes in the marsh Perry and Atkinson 2009 or due to other potential factors such as groundwater inputs

Mitsch and Gosselink 2000 Similarly areas exposed to recent sedimentation or soil disturbance often

10 serve as points of introduction for the problematic invasive species common reed Phragmites australis

11 Bart et al 2006 Packett and Chambers 2006

13 As an extension of the typical zonation character in mesohaline tidal marshes scrub-shrub wetlands are

14 found on the landward side of the York River fringe marsh systems approximately around the high tide

15 line Perry and Atkinson 2009 Tidal scrub-shrub fringe areas are typically vegetated with salt-tolerant

16 woody shrubs such as groundsel tree Baccharis halimfolia saltbush Ivafrutescens and wax myrtle

17 Morella cerfera Occasionally this scrub-fringe will transition into narrow band of maritime forest

18 dominated by loblolly pine Pinus taeda sugarberry Celtis laevigata eastern red cedar Juniperus

19 virginiana and black cherry Prunus serotina species with marginal tolerance to salinity and saturated

20 soils presumably persisting in zone that is only irregularly exposed to tidal inundation Silberhorn

21 1999

23 On the seaward side shallow near-shore habitats and shoals in the York River harbor beds of submerged

24 aquatic vegetation SAV that are important foci for primary production and biodiversity in the larger

25 estuarine ecosystem Moore 2009 Seagrass beds composed of species such as eelgrass Zostera marina

26 help to oxygenate the water column trap sediments contribute to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus

27 from the system dissipate wave energy and provide important breeding foraging and shelter grounds for

28 various aquatic organisms Chesapeake Bay Program 2004 The ecological importance of SAV

29 notwithstanding the most recent distribution information from VIMS indicates that SAV beds are nearly

30 absent from the project area Orth et al 2009

REVIEW OF OFFSITE REFERENCES

USGS 7.5-MINUTE TOPOGRAPHIC SERIES

The USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle maps for Clay Bank Yorktown and Poquoson West

Virginia show the project corridor traversing variable topography characterized by shoreline slopes bluffs and creek crossings low-gradient terraces above the shoreline and nearly level tidal flats and wetlands Surface water features are depicted in association with Felgates Creek and Indian Field Creek to the west Ballard Creek near Yorktown and the York River proper throughout the project area

Wetlands are mapped along the perimeter of all above-referenced surface water features as well as an

10 ostensibly tidal inlet on the south side of the Colonial Parkway just north of the Navy Pier

12 NATIONAL WETLAND INVENTORY

13 The National Wetland Inventory map published by the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service Online Interactive

14 Mapper http//wetlandsfws.er.usgs.gov/wtlnds/launch.html shows several wetland types within the

15 project corridor Both estuarine and palustrine systems are mapped the former in association with tidal

16 marshes and inlets shallow near-shore habitats and the York River proper and the latter in association

17 with Ballard Creek Figure For palustrine systems both emergent and forested classes are shown

18 with water regime modifiers including seasonal-tidal i.e flooded by tides during certain portions of the

19 year Estuarine systems are mapped as either persistent emergent or unconsolidated bottom/shore with

20 either subtidal regularly flooded or irregularly flooded water regime

22 NRCSSOILSURVEY

23 The NRCS soil survey mapping available at http//websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/ shows that the

24 project corridor is underlain by several soil types including the following series Axis Beaches

25 Bohicket Bojac Craven-Uchee Dragston Emporia Kempsville Kempsville-Emporia Pamunkey

26 Slagle Uchee Udorthents Urban Land and Water Figure Among these Bohicket and Axis soils are

27 classified as hydric by the NRCS and Beaches Dragston Emporia Slagle and Udorthents soils are

28 known to contain minor hydric inclusions

Review of Offsite References

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Soil Units within Project Boundary

3-Axis very fine sandy loam

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11C-Craven-Ucheecomplex6tolO%slopes V5 2V.V

13 Dragston fine sandy loam

15D- Emporia complexlOtol5 slopes V- 15EV 15E Emporia complex 15 to 25% slopes

5F Emporia complex 25 to 50 slopes

188 Kempsville fine sandy loam to 6% slopes

198 Kempsville-Emporia fine sandy loams to slopes VVV

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26B Pamunkey soils to slopes

29A Slagle fine sandy loam to slopes

298 Slagle fine sandy loam to slopes 3.VV 34B Uchee loamy fine sand to slopes VV 35-Udorthents loamy

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WETLAND DELINEATION

METHODOLOGY

Wetland delineation fieldwork was conducted on March 31 and April 1-16 2010 using the technical criteria and procedures outlined in the Interim Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland

Delineation Manual Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region U.S Army Corps of Engineers 2008 This

Regional Supplement was recently promulgated by the U.S Army Corps of Engineers Corps

10 headquarters and the Corps Norfolk District as the required procedure for wetland delineations in the

11 region superseding the previously used 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual

12 Environmental Laboratory 1987 The Regional Supplement uses the same three parameter approach to wetland delineation as the 1987 Manual but invSkes more technically sophsticated and sampling-

14 intensive set of procedures and wetland indicators based on recent advancements in wetland delineation

15 practice and research In particular the Regional Supplement fully incorporates the National Technical

16 Committee for Hydric Soils HTCHS criteria for determining hydric soils in the field USDA Natural

17 Resources Conservation Service 2006 as well as more rigorous sampling strategy for documenting

18 vegetation and the presence or absence of hydrophytic community

20 In addition to the Regional Supplement U.S Army Corps of Engineers 2008 the wetland delineation

21 and classification efforts were kept consistent with the National Park Service Procedural Manual 77-1

22 Wetland Protection NPS 2008 including the use of wetland classification scheme based on Cowardin

23 et al 1979 Identification of plant species was facilitated by several references including Fernald

24 1950 Radford et 1968 Duncan and Duncan 1987 Gleason and Cronquist 1991 Silberhorn

25 1999 and Weakley 2008 Nomenclature follows the NRCS PLANTS database format USDA-NRCS 26 2010 Based on the above methods the wetland boundary was delineated in the field and marked with

27 sequentially-numbered wetland boundary tape The boundary was then located using sub-meter GPS

28 technology XploreTM tablet computers coupled to Trimble ProXrM GPS receiver equipment Habitat

29 types interior to the flagged wetland boundary were also delimited in the field using sub-meter GPS

30 technology

32 RESULTS

33 Several wetland areas were delineated as shown on Figures 4-18 Representative data points are included

34 in Appendix and representative photographs are provided in Appendix The following sections

11 Wetland Delineation

WetlandDelineation Report provide brief summary of the wetland conditions and key indicators used during the delineation by region The discussion follows the geography of the study corridor west-to-east Table provides synopsis of the habitat types and acreages by region

Table Summary of Wetland Habitat Types

Wetland Habitat Types Cowaidin Class

Region of Study Area E2EM1N E2EM1P E2FO1P E2FO4P E2SS1P E2SS3P PFO1A PSS1A PSS1B Region

Totals

Ringfield Picnic

1.93 0.33 0.80 0.03 3.09

Shoreline Area _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ _______ ______ _____ _____ _______

Fe1ates Creek Area 0.12 0.89 0.97 1.98

Beilfield Straight 0.00

Indian Field Creek 0.00

Sandy Point Southward

0.03 1.59 0.23 0.12 3.14 5.12

AreaB _____ _____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ ___ ____ NavyPierNorth

0.19 3.28 0.44 3.91

Areas and

Navy Pier South

0.29 0.14 0.43

Areas and _____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ ___ ____ Ballard Creek

0.19 0.65 0.00 0.13 0.98

Areas_J._K_and ________ ________ _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ ______ ______ _______

York River Cliffs 0.00

Point of Rocks North 03 03

Areas and

Point of Rocks South 0.00

Moore House 13 07 20

Areas and ______ ______ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____ ____ _____

Habitat Totals 0.34 7.88 0.57 0.12 6.00 0.03 0.45 0.21 0.13 15.73

12 Wetland Delineation

Ringfield Picnic Area Shoreline Area

At the northwesternmost terminus of the study area recreational site known as the Ringfield Picnic

Area overlooks the shoreline along the western flank of Felgates Creek The wetland boundary through this area was established along the upper limit of tidal influence which encompasses mosaic of habitat types including irregularly flooded emergent tidal marsh scrub-shrub habitat and non-vegetated beach

Typical marsh species include saltmarsh cordgrass saitmeadow hay and salt grass and the fringe scrub-shrub zone is dominated by salt bush and groundsel tree see Data Points and Appendix Soils in these areas are sandy in texture with low chroma ca 2.5Y 3/1 in Munsell notation and fibric or mucky loam consistency developing at depth The odor of hydrogen sulfide is easily detected from soil samples

10 in tidal wetlands throughout this area and evidence of wetland hydrology includes drift lines wrack

11 deposits along the tidal fringe soil saturation shallow free standing water in an unlined borehole

12 sediment deposits and presence of aquatic fauna crabs and crab burrows

13 Felgates Creek Area

14 East of the Felgates Creek inlet the marsh complex Area at the mouth of the creek showed more

15 apparent zonation of emergent and scrub-shrub tidal wetlands established in bands roughly parallel to the

16 longitudinal axis of the shoreline Emergent wetland areas are similar to those described for Area

17 above with the addition of small zones of black needlerush in nearly monotypic stands The tidal scrub

18 fringe is also similar to Area with the addition of wax myrtle and few upper tidal emergents such as

19 seaside goldenrod SolidagQ sempervirens separated sdge Carex divisa and switphgrass Panicum

20 virgatum in the understory see Data Points and Appendix Soil and hydrology indicators in

21 these areas are similar to those described for Area above however in addition to the loamy sands and

22 fibric or mucky loam textures noted above there is significant fraction of shell fragments found at depth

23 in the soil profile presumably owing to the large accumulation of fossilized shell along the shore at this

24 location Outside of the scrub-shrub fringe on the Colonial Parkway side of the marsh there is narrow

25 band of emergent wetlands that is maintained by occasional mowing Though the vegetation has been

26 cropped and much of the identifing floral components have been removed the hydrophytes that

27 dominated this zone such as seaside goldenrod and separated sedge were readily identifiable from foliar

28 components by comparison with samples from the adjacent undisturbed wetland areas

29 Bellfield Straight

30 Beilfield Straight is the long nearly linear reach of the York River shoreline between Felgates Creek and

31 Indian Field Creek see Figure so named because of the historic Beilfield Plantation in close proximity

32 to the south This entire stretch of shoreline has been hardened by rip-rap revetment No vegetated

33 wetlands were found along this reach therefore the jurisdictional boundary is the ordinary high water

34 line of the river along the toe of the revetment

35 Indian Field Creek

36 The shorelines on both sides of the inlet at Indian Field Creek have been hardened as described above for

37 Beilfield Straight As noted no vegetated wetlands were found on either side of the mouth or along the

38 abutting segments of the York River shoreline Some marginally hydrophytic species such as

13 Wetland Delineation saltmeadow hay and switchgrass have become established behind the revetment on the western side of the inlet However these areas lack hydric soils and are situated above the high tide line physical benchmark of the river which is evidenced by the fouling line on the rocks of the revetment see Data

Point Appendix

Sandy Point Southward Area

As shown on the USGS topographic map see Figure small spit of land known as Sandy Point is located just east of the Indian Field Creek inlet From this point eastward Area includes mosaic of intertidal habitat types including emergent and scrub-shrub wetlands similar to Felgates Creek see description above as well as some maritime fringe forest habitats dominated by loblolly pine Pinus

10 taeda with an understory dominated by wax myrtle and poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans see Data

11 Point 10 Appendix Tidal inundation is irregular in these forested patches and probably only occurs

12 during spring tides or stonn surges Portions of the marsh eastward have been colonized by the

13 problematic invasive common reed which co-dominates with other species see Data Point 13 Appendix

14 On the inland side of the scrub-shrub fringe line there are few wetland areas maintained by

15 occasional mowing as described for Felgates Creek above see Data Point 12 Appendix

16 Navy Pier North Areas and

17 The Navy Pier large trapezoidal closed-circuit military pier extending for nearly half mile into

18 the river roughly bisects the project area along the York River shoreline see Figure Because the

19 3300-foot portion of the shoreline between the two pier landings is on Department of Defense property

20 this reach was not included in the study area However the region just to the north of the pier contains

21 fairly large tidal marsh with scrub-shrub fringe along the marsh/river interface Area Tidal marsh

22 species are the typical dominants as noted above with the addition of few areas of big cordgrass

23 Spartina cynosuroides scattered throughout see Data Point 17 Appendix Several culverts convey

24 small tidal channels under the Colonial Parkway to tidal emergent marsh on the south side of the road

25 Area

26 Navy Pier South Areas and

27 South of the Navy Pier shoreline wetland habitat types change character due to the presence of non-tidal

28 freshwater inputs from drainages originated on the south side of the Colonial Parkway Palustrine scrub-

29 shrub and forested wetlands Area are found behind narrow rise that is situated just above the fairly

30 broad sandy beach that accompanies this segment of the shoreline Typical wetland species in this area

31 include sugarberry groundsel tree and host of exotic species established at points of introduction from

32 the river or adjacent slopes see Data Points 19 and 22 Appendix Soils in these areas are typically

33 gray in color ca 2.5Y 4/2 in Munsell notation with redoximorphic features such as iron oxide

34 concentrations and oxidized rhizospheres Wetland hydrology includes saturated soils drift lines and

35 sediment deposits Eastward vegetated wetlands dissipate and the limit of jurisdiction becomes the

36 ordinary high water mark of the river i.e along Area and adjacent revetments

14 Wetland Delineation

Ballard Creek Areas and

At the mouth of Ballard Creek several different wetland types were delineated in connection with the multiple hydrologic influences present at this location For example Area is non-tidal freshwater scrub-shrub system on the south side of the Parkway dominated by stiff dogwood Corn us foemina red maple Acer rubrum awifruit sedge Carex stipata manna grass Glyceria striata and lizards tail

Saururus cernuus see Data Point 24 Appendix On the river side of the parkway combination of tidal and non-tidal scrub-shrub habitats is present the former in association with freshwater drainage inputs see Data Point 28 Appendix the latter with intertidal sections of the Ballard Creek-York River confluence see Data Point 26 Appendix Additionally the floodplain of Ballard Creek on the south

10 side of the parkway Area is tidal emergent marsh vegetated with nearly monotypic stand of

11 saltmarsh cordgrass see Data Point 25 Appendix

12 York River Cliffs

13 As described for Bellfield Straight above the York River Cliffs section of the project area is long fairly

14 straight reach of shoreline that has been hardened with rip-rap No vegetated wetlands were found along

15 this reach therefore the jurisdictional boundary is the ordinary high water line of the river along the toe

16 of the revetment

17 Point of Rocks North Areas and

18 The section of the York River shoreline known as Point of Rocks sits just to the southeast of the

19 recreation beaches and picnic areas of the Yorktown Waterfront The section of shoreline north of Point

20 of Rocks is very similar to that described for Navy Pier South above in that the limit of jurisdiction for

21 the majority of the irregular shoreline in this area is the high tide line along sandy beaches and rip-rap

22 revetments One small groundwater-fed wetland was delineated as an extension of Area this feature

23 is seep that has developed at the base of long upland draw that extends to the south

24 Point of Rocks South

25 The shoreline south of Point of Rocks has been hardened as described above for Bellfield Straight and

26 York River Cliffs No vegetated wetlands were found along this reach therefore the jurisdictional

27 boundary is the ordinary high water line of the river along the toe of the revetment

28 Moore House Areas and

29 At the southeastern terminus of the project area two wetland features associated with strong groundwater

30 discharge anomalies were delineated near the historic Moore House region of the Park Area is small

31 seepage face along the steep slope of the York River bank just below small topographic draw

32 Dominant species include common reed and black willow Salix nigra soils are sandy in texture with

33 thin mucky loam surface horizon and wetland hydrology includes soil saturation and pockets of standing

34 water see Data Point 30 Appendix Area is similar to Area but the groundwater discharge

35 originates from springbox located at the head of narrow draw just inside the treeline north of Moore

15 Wetland Delineation

House The seep-discharge at this location is very strong flowing water was observed from the point-source to the river along the entire length of this wetland feature Common species include water cress

Nasturtium officinale and microstegium Microstegium vimineum and though the typically more upland species Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense is the dominant woody shrub this plant appears to be successful at colonizing the wetter substrate through colonial expansion via lateral roots from individuals on adjacent upland slopes

16 Wetland Delineation

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Wetland Cover Types

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E2EM1P

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Ordina High Water Mark

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E2EM1

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VVV VV _____ VV

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co/a

PSS1A

PSS1Bia Flag Number

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WetIover Types

E2EM1P

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______ Flag Number

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E2FO4P

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FO1A

PSS1A

PSS1B

OrthnaHgh

Data Point

Flag Number

_V

Colonial

-I arkway

VV

I-

____ PFO1A

PSS1A

PSS1B

Ordinary High WaterMark

Data Point

Flag Number

5_

.H--

V_V

Si

5L

Wetlan Cover Types

E2 EM iN

E2EM1P

E2FO1P

E2FO4P

E2SS1P

E2SS3P

PFO1A

PSS1A

PSS1B

Data Point

Flaq Number

.4

.4 a._

I-

E2EM1P

E2FO1P

E2FO4P ________

E2SS1P

E2SS3P

PFO1A

PSS1B _________

r- Orth na High

VV

VVV.

VV

__ WetIandCoverTypes

E2EM

E2FO1

______________ E2 EM

E2FO4P

E2SS1

E2SS3P

PFO

Ordinary High

Water Mark

Data Point

Fag Number

...4if-

Ta opoo at

--r

III

E2SS1P

E2SS3P

PFO1A

PSS1Ati

PSS1B

Ordinary High Water Mark

Data Point

Flag Number

-U -l is S... ._

.1 --

WetIaniover Types

E2FO1P

E2FO4P

E2SS1P ______

OrthnaHigh

Data Point

Flag Number

44 ____

WETLAND FUNCTIONS AND VALUES

ASSESSMENT

HIGHWAY METHODOLOGY USCOE

The evaluation of wetland functions and values is an integral part of project review impacts analysis and compensatory mitigation planning The U.S Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S Environmental

Protection Agency have long held the policy that assessment of impacts and the determination of mitigation to achieve no-net loss of wetlands should be based on the functions and values of the impacted wetlands Dahi 2006 The Virginia Department of Environmental Quality DEQ by rule also

10 requires that the functions and values of wetlands be evaluated as part of the permit review process

12 The degree to which the functional integrity of wetlands differs can often be matter of opinion Biases

13 due to personal preferences perceptions and individual experiences can also influence comparisons

14 between different wetland types e.g marsh versus swamp In order to make unbiased comparisons of

15 functions and values wetland scientists have developed assessment methodologies using wide variety of

16 techniques One such technique is the Highway Methodology USCOE 1995 which assesses 13

17 functions and values through descriptive approach using both wetland science and judgment in the

18 field The 13 functions and values include

20 Groundwater Recharge/Discharge

21 Floodflow Alteration/Attenuation

22 Fish and Shellfish Habitat

23 SedimentlToxicant Retention

24 Nutrient Removal

25 Production Export

26 Sediment/Shoreline Stabilization

27 Wildlife Habitat

28 Recreation

29 Educational/Scientific Value

30 Uniqueness/Heritage

31 Visual Quality/Aesthetics

32 Endangered Species Habitat

32 Wetland Functional Assessment

If in the judgment of the evaluator particular function is present justification for identifying that function is documented by descriptive characteristics This method was applied to the wetland areas within the Moors Road study corridor to evaluate relative functions and values

FUNCTIONS AND VALUES ASSESSMENT NARRATIVE

The Highway Methodology data sheets summarizing the results of this assessment are included in

Appendix Five representative tidal wetland areas along the shoreline of the York River were assessed

Area Ringfield Area Felgates Creek Area Sandy Point Area Navy Pier North and Area

10 Ballard Creek Though non-tidal wetlands and wetland areas on the inland side of the Parkway were

11 identified as part of the delineation such wetlands are not likely to be affected by the proposed project

12 Therefore this functional assessment effort focuses on river-side tidal wetlands that could be affected by

13 shoreline stabilization practices

15 Based on the application of the Highway Methodology functional assessment model Wetland Areas

16 and retain several functions and values attributed to their important tidal fringe position within the

17 greater York River ecosystem For all three of these areas principal functions/values include

18 Sediment/Shoreline Stabilization Wildlife Habitat Recreation and Visual Quality/Aesthetics Wetland

19 Area adds the benefit of accessibility and ease of access making it prime location for

20 Educational/Scientific Value Area is similar in functional capacity interspersion of habitat types and

21 beneficial uses however the presence of the invasive species common reed Phragmites in several

22 locations reduces wildlife habitat functions decreases biological diversity and has an effect on visual

23 quality and aesthetic values Though Area is tidal fringe system several functions and values are

24 diminished by the close proximity of the Navy pier which reduces visual quality and has potential effects

25 on recreational/educational uses due to Navys vigilant monitoring of hikers/pedestrians around the pier

26 In addition although it is unclear whether water quality functions are negatively impacted by the ongoing

27 ship traffic to the pier scientists did detect strong residual hydrocarbon odor while sampling soils off

28 the outer fringe of the marshat Area Finally access to this area is very limited there are no direct

29 access points and the shoulder along the Colonial Parkway is narrow at this location

31 Summary and Conclusions

32 Functions and values attributed to wetlands within the study corridor are relatively similar due to similar

33 hydrogeomorphic position sensu Brinson 1993 and habitat condition Based on the Highway

34 Methodology model USCOE 1995 and best professional judgment this assessment suggests that Area

35 retains slightly higher functional capacity relative to the remaining wetlands Areas and retain most

36 wetland functions and values typically attributable to coastal fringe marshes Area is similar in this

37 respect but slightly degraded by invasive species colonization and Area retains some functions but

38 minimal values due to the restrictions on access and aesthetics imposed by the adjacent Navy pier

33 Wetland Functional Assessment

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Lead Scientist Douglas DeBerry Ph.D PWS PWD

Dr DeBerry is Senior Environmental Scientist with Vanasse Hangen Brustlin Inc He has 18 years of professional experience in wetland delineation wetland functional assessment environmental impact analysis and environmental permitting Dr DeBerry is also trained vegetation ecologist with expertise in wetland and terrestrial ecology rare species inventory and conservation restoration ecology and general habitat evaluation Dr DeBerry is certified by the State of Virginia as Professional Wetland

10 Delineator PWD by the Society of Wetland Scientists SWS as Professional Wetland Scientist

11 PWS and has served in an advisory capacity for several federal and state technical committees

12 including the Virginia Wetland Delineator Certification Test Development Panel He completed his

13 doctorate in 2006 on vegetation dynamics in created and natural wetland systems and has published

14 several peer-reviewed papers on topics related to wetland ecology habitat restoration and ecological

15 succession

34 Principal Investigators

REFERENCES CITED

Bart Burdick Chambers and Hartman 2006 Human facilitation of Phragmites australis invasions in tidal marshes review and synthesis Wetlands Ecology and Management 1453-65

Brinson M.M 1993 Hydrogeomorphic Classification for Wetlands Technical Report WRP-DE-4

Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg MS 79pp

Chesapeake Bay Program 2004 Chesapeake Bay Introduction to an Ecosystem U.S Environmental

Protection Agency Washington EPA 903-R-04-003 CBP/TRS 232/00 Available at

10 http//www.chesapeakebay.netlcontent/publications/cbp_1 303 9.pdf

12 Cowardin Carter Golet LaRoe 1979 Classification of wetlands and deepwater

13 habitats of the United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Washington

14 D.C

16 Dahi T.E 2006 Status and trends of wetlands in the conterminous United States 1998 to 2004 U.S

17 Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Washington D.C 112 pp

19 Duncan and Duncan 1987 Seaside Plants of the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts from Louisiana

20 to Massachusetts Exclusive of Lower Peninsular Florida Smithsonian Institution Press

21 Washington D.C 4O9pp

23 Environmental Laboratory 1987 Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual Technical Report

24 87-1 Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg MS

26 Fernald 1950 Grays Manual of Botany 8th Edition Dioscorides Press Portland Oregon

28 Friedrichs 2009 York River physical oceanography and sediment transport Journal of Coastal

29 Research Special Issue 5717-22

31 Friedrichs and Perry 2001 Tidal salt marsh morphodynamics synthesis Journal of Coastal

32 Research Special Issue 277-3

34 Gleason and Cronquist 1991 Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and

35 Adjacent Canada New York Botanical Garden Bronx New York

37 Hardaway Jr and Byrne 1999 Shoreline Management in the Chesapeake Bay Virginia

38 Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point Virginia Special Report in Applied Marine Science

39 and Ocean Engineering Number 356 Virginia Sea Grant Publication VSG-99-1 S4pp

41 Hobbs 2009 York River geology Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue 5710-16

35 References Cited

Johnson and Ramsey 1987 Geology and geomorphology of the York-James Peninsula

Virginia Guidebook prepared for the 1987 Meeting of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Geological

Association College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia 69pp

Mitsch and Gosselink 2000 Wetlands John Wiley and Sons New York NY 920 pgs

Moore 2009 Submerged aquatic vegetation of the York River Journal of Coastal Research

Special Issue 5750-58

10 National Park Service 2008 National Park Service Procedural Manual 77-1 Wetland Protection US

11 DOl National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins CO

13 Orth Wilcox R.Whiting Nagey Owens and Kenne 2009 2008 Distribution of

14 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and Coastal Bays VIMS Special Scientific

15 Report Number 149 Final report to NOAA Washington D.C Grant No.NA08NOS4190466

16 http//www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav08

18 Packett and Chambers 2006 Distribution and nutrient status of haplotypes of the marsh

19 grass Phragmites australis along the Rappahannock River in Virginia Estuaries and Coasts 291222-

20 1225

22 Perry and Atkinson 1997 Plant diversity along salinity gradient of four marshes on the

23 York and Pamunkey Rivers in Virginia Castanea 62112-118

25 Perry and Atkinson 2009 York Rivdr tidal marshes Journal of Cbastal Research Special

26 Issue 5740-49

28 Radford Ahles and Bell 1968 Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas

29 University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill N.C

31 Silberhorn 1999 Common Plants of the Mid-Atlantic Coast Johns Hopkins University Press

32 Baltimore Maryland 306pp

34 Stuckey and Gould 2000 Coastal Plants from Cape Cod to Cape Canaveral University of

35 North Carolina Press Chapel Hill NC 3O5pp

37 U.S Army Corps of Engineers 1995 The Highway Methodology Workbook Supplement Wetland

38 Functions and Values Descriptive Approach U.S Army Corps of Engineers New England

39 Division NENEP-360-1-30a 32pp

41 Army Corps of Engineers 2008 Interim Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland

42 Delineation Manual Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region Wakeley Lichvar and

43 Noble eds ERDC/EL TR-08-30 Vicksburg MS U.S Army Engineer Research and Development

44 Center l6lpp

46 USDA NRCS 2009 The PLANTS Database http//plants.usda.gov National Plant Data Center Baton

47 Rouge Louisiana

49 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service 2006 Field indicators of hydric soils in the United

50 States Version 6.0 Hurt and Vasilas eds. Fort Worth TX USDA NRCS in

36 References Cited cooperation with the National Technical Conimittee for Hydric Soils http//soils.usda.gov/use/hydric/

Walker 2005 Microtidal coasts in Schwartz L.ed. Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

Springer Netherlands 638

Weakley 2008 Flora of the Carolinas Virginia Georgia Northern Florida and Surrounding Areas

Working draft UNC Herbarium University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC

37 References Cited

APPENDIX WETLAND DELINEATION

DATA SHEETS

A-i Appendices

WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region

Project Site COLO Repair/Stabilize York River Shoreline Citi/County

York County Samp Date 4/12/2010

Applicant/Owner National Park Service State Virginia

Sampling Point

Investigators DeBerry Ph.D PWS PWD Section Township Range N/A

Landform lhtilaope terrace etc.l coastal terrace Local relief lconcaveconve nonel none Slope

2%

Subregion LRR or MLRA LRR-T Lat

Long

Datum

Soil Map Unit UDORTHENTS LOAMY NWI Class

E2EM1P

Are climatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of year Yes If no explain in Remarks

Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology significantly disturbed No Normal Circumstances Yes

Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology naturally problematic No

If needed explain any answers in Remarks

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Attach site map showing sample point locations transects important features etc

Hydrophytic Vegetation Present YES

Hydric Soil Present

YES

Is This Sample Area

Wetland Hydrology Present

YES

Within Wetland YES

Remarks

Salt marsh near flag A-5 northeast of Ringfield Picnic Area west bank of Felgates Creek inlet across from Penrtiman Spit

HYDROLOGY

Wetland Hydrology Indicators Secondary Indicators minimum of two required

Primary Indicators minimum ofone is required check all that apply

Surface Soil Cracks B6 Surface Water Al Water-Stained Leaves B9 Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface B8

_High Water Table A2 XAquatic Fauna B13 Drainage Patterns BlO

XSaturation A3 Marl Deposits B15 LRR Moss Trim Lines B16

_Water Marks Bl XHydrogen Sulfide Odor Cl Dry-Season Water Table C2 XSediment Deposits B2 Oxidized Rhizospheres on Living Roots C3 Crayfish Burrows C8 XDrift Deposits B3 Presence of Reduced Iron C4 Saturation Visible on Aerial C9

Algal Mat or Crust B4 Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils C6 Geomorphic Position D2 Iron Deposits B5 Thin Muck Surface C7 Shallow Aquitard D3 Inundation Visible on Aerial B7 Other Explain in Remarks XFAC-Neutral Test 05

Field Observations

Surface Water Present

Depth inches

Water Table Present Depth inches

Saturation Present Depth inches SURFACE Wetland Hydrology Present YES includes capillary fringe

Describe Recorded Data stream gauge monitoring well aerial photos previous inspections if available

Remarks

VEGETATION Use scientific names of plants sampling Point

Absolute Dom Indicator

Tree Stratum Plot size 30 RAD %Cover Sp Status Dominance Test Worksheet

Dominants OBL FACW FAC

Dominants across all strata

Dominants OBL FACW FAC 100% A/B

Prevalence Index Worksheet

Total Cover Total Cover of Multiply By

Sapling Stratum Plot size 30 RAD OBL 63 xl 63

FACW 18 x2 36

FAC x3

FACU

x4

UPL

_________ x5

Sum 81 99

Prevalence Index B/A 1.22

Total Cover Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators

ShrubStratum Plot size 15 RAD XDominanceTestis50%

XPrevalence Index is 3.01

Problematic Hydrophytic Vegetation1 lexplainl

1lndicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must be present unless disturbed or problematic

Definitions of Vegetation Strata

Total Cover

Herb Stratum Plot size 10 RAD Tree Woody plants excluding woody vines approximately 2Oft

Spartina alterniflora Loisel 63 OBL Sm or more in height and 3m 7.6cm or larger In diameter at breast height DBH Distichlis spicata Greene 15

FACW

Spartina patens Aiton MuhI FACW

Sapling Woody plants excluding woody vines approximately 2Oft

Sm or more in height and less than 3m 7.6cm OBH

Shrub Woody plants excluding woody vines approximately to

2Oft to Sm in height

11 Herb All herbaceous non-woody plants including herbaceous vines regardless of size Includes woody plants escept woody vines

______________________________________________________________________ ______________ ________ ____________ less than approximately 3ft lm in height

81 Total Cover

Woody Vines Plot size 15 RAD

Woody vine All woody vines regardless of height

Hydrophytic

Vegetation

Total Cover Present YES

Remarks If observed list morphological adaptations below ç9

SOIL

Sampling Point

Profile Description Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators

Depth Matrix Redox Features in Color moist Color moist Type Loc2 Texture Remarks

0-1 5Y 4/1 100 lBRlC LOAMY SANC

1-8 2.5Y 3/1 100

IBRIC LOAMY SAN

8-16 2.5Y 3/1 100

MUCKY LOAM

1lypeCConcentration DDepletion RMReduced Matrix CSCovered or Coated Sand Grains 2Location PLPore Lining MMatrix

Hydric Soil Indicators Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils3

Histosol Al Polyvalue Below Surface S8 LRR STU 1cm Muck A9 LRR

Histic Epipedon A2 Thin Dark Surface 59 LRR STU 2cm Muck AlO LRR

Black Histic A3 Loamy Mucky Mineral Fl LRR Reduced Vertic F18 outside MLRA 150AB

Hydrogen Sulfide A4 Loamy Gleyed Matrix F2 Piedmont Floodplain Soils F19 LRR PST Stratified Layers AS Depleted Matrix F3 Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils F20

Organic Bodies A6 LRR PTU Redox Dark Surface F6 MLRA 153B

Scm Mucky Mineral A7 LRR PTU Depleted Dark Surface F7 Red Parent Material TF2

_Muck Presence A8 LRR Redox Depressions F8 Very Shallow Dark Surface TF12 LRR TU 1cm Muck A9 LRR PT Marl F1D LRR Other Explain in Remarks

Depleted Below Dark Surface All Depleted Ochric Fil MIRA 151

_Thick Dark Surface A12 Iron-Manganese Masses F12 LRR 0pT 3lndlcators of hydrophytic vegetation and

Coast Prairie Redox A16 MIRA 150A Umbric Surface F13 LRR PTU wetland hydrology must be present unless

Sandy Mucky Mineral Sl LRR0S Delta Ochric F17 MIRA 151 disturbed or problematic

Sandy Gleyed Matrix S4 Reduced Vertic F18 MIRA 150A150B

Sandy Redox S5 Piedmont Floodplain Soils F19 MLRA 149A

_Stripped Matrix S6 Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils F20 MLRA 149A153C153D

XDarkSurface S7 LRR PSTU

Restrictive Layer if observed

Type

Depth inches _____________________________________ Hydric Soil Present YES

ProjectSite COLO Repair/Stabilize York River Shoreline

City/County York County Samp Date 4/12/2010

Applicant/Owner National Park Service

State Virginia Sampling Point

Investigators DeBerry Ph.D PWS PWD Section Township Range N/A

Landform Ihilislope terrace etc.l coastal terrace Local relief Iconcave convex fond none

Slope 2%

Subregion LRR or MLRA LRRT Lat

_____________________ Long

Datum

Soil Map Unit UDORTHENTS LOAMY NWI Class

E2SS1P

Are climatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of year Yes If no explain in Remarks

Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology significantly disturbed No Normal Circumstances

Yes

Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology naturally problematic No

If needed explain any answers in Remarks

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Attach site map showing sample point locations transects important features etc

Hydrophytic Vegetation Present

YES

Hydric Soil Present

YES

Is This Sample Area

Wetland Hydrology Present

YES

Within Wetland YES

Remarks

Scrub-shrub tidal wetlands adjacent to Data Point

HYDROLOGY

Wetland Hydrology Indicators Secondary Indicators minimum of two required

Primary Indicators minimum of one is required check all that apply

Surface Soil Cracks B6 Surface Water Al Water-Stained Leaves 89 Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface B8

_High Water Table A2 Aquatic Fauna B13 Drainage Patterns 810

XSaturation A3 Marl Deposits B15 LRR Moss Trim Lines BlG

_Water Marks Bl Hydrogen…