B08_Attachment_12_-_SSPC_Standards.pdf

ATTACHMENT 12

STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL

STANDARD (SSPC)

Item No. 21065

Joint Surface Preparation Standard

NACE No. 1/SSPC-SP 5 White Metal Blast Cleaning

This NACE International (NACE)/SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. It is intended to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not addressed in this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE/SSPC standard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Letters Patent. This standard represents current technology and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials.

Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE and SSPC assume no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and accept responsibility for only those official interpretations issued by NACE or SSPC in accordance with their governing procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers.

Users of this NACE/SSPC standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE/SSPC standard may not necessarily address all potential health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE/SSPC standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard.

CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE/SSPC standards are subject to periodic review, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time without prior notice. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. NACE and SSPC require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication.

Reaffirmed 1999-09-07 Approved October 1994

ISBN 1-57590-107-2

©2000, SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings

NACE International P.O. Box 218340

Houston, TX 77218-8340 (telephone +1 281/228-6200)

SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings 40 24th Street, Sixth Floor

Pittsburgh, PA 15222 (telephone +1 412/281-2331)

Printed by NACE International

NACE No. 1/SSPC-SP 5

NACE International i

Foreword

This joint standard covers the use of blast cleaning abrasives to achieve a defined degree of cleaning of steel surfaces prior to the application of a protective coating or lining system. This standard is intended for use by coating or lining specifiers, applicators, inspectors, or others who may be responsible for defining a standard degree of surface cleanliness.

The focus of this standard is white metal blast cleaning. Near-white metal blast cleaning, commercial blast cleaning, industrial blast cleaning, and brush-off blast cleaning are addressed in separate standards.

White metal blast cleaning provides a greater degree of cleaning than near-white metal blast cleaning (NACE No. 2/SSPC-SP 10(1)).

The difference between a white metal blast and a near-white metal blast is that a white metal blast removes all of the coating, mill scale, rust, oxides, corrosion products, and other foreign matter from the surface. Near-white metal blasting allows light shadows, slight streaks, or minor discolorations caused by stains of rust, stains of mill scale, or stains of previously applied coating to remain on no more than 5 percent of each unit area of surface as defined in Paragraph 2.6 of NACE No. 2/SSPC-

SP 10.

This joint standard was originally prepared in 1994 and reaffirmed in 2000 by the SSPC/NACE Task Group A on Surface Preparation by Abrasive Blast Cleaning. This joint Task Group includes members of both the SSPC Surface Preparation Committee and the NACE Unit Committee T-6G on Surface Preparation.

(1) NACE No. 2/SSPC-SP 10 (latest revision), “Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning” (Houston, TX: NACE, and Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

ii NACE International

Joint Surface Preparation Standard

NACE No. 1/SSPC-SP 5 White Metal Blast Cleaning

Contents

1. General

2. Definition

3. References

4. Procedures Before Blast Cleaning

5. Blast Cleaning Methods and Operation

6. Blast Cleaning Abrasives

7. Procedures Following Blast Cleaning and Immediately Prior to Coating

8. Inspection

9. Safety and Environmental Requirements

10. Comments Appendix A: Explanatory Notes

Section 1: General

1.1 This joint standard covers the requirements for white

metal blast cleaning of unpainted or painted steel surfaces by the use of abrasives. These requirements include the end condition of the surface and materials and procedures necessary to achieve and verify the end condition.

1.2 The mandatory requirements are described in Sections

1 to 9. NOTE: Section 10, “Comments,” and Appendix A, “Explanatory Notes,” are not mandatory requirements of this standard.

Section 2: Definition

2.1 A white metal blast cleaned surface, when viewed

without magnification, shall be free of all visible oil, grease, dust, dirt, mill scale, rust, coating, oxides, corrosion products, and other foreign matter.

2.2 Acceptable variations in appearance that do not affect

surface cleanliness as defined in Paragraph 2.1 include variations caused by type of steel, original surface condition, thickness of the steel, weld metal, mill or fabrication marks, heat treating, heat-affected zones, blasting abrasives, and differences because of blasting technique.

2.3 When a coating is specified, the surface shall be

roughened to a degree suitable for the specified coating system.

2.4 Immediately prior to coating application, the entire

surface shall comply with the degree of cleaning specified herein.

2.5 SSPC-VIS 1(2) may be specified to supplement the

written definition. In any dispute, the written standards shall take precedence over visual standards and comparators.

Additional information on visual standards and comparators is available in Paragraph A4 of Appendix A.

Section 3: References

3.1 The documents referenced in this standard are listed in

Paragraph 3.4.

3.2 The latest issue, revision, or amendment of the

referenced standards in effect on the date of invitation to bid shall govern unless otherwise specified.

3.3 If there is a conflict between the requirements of any of the cited reference standards and this standard, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.

3.4 SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings Standards:

AB 1 Mineral and Slag Abrasives AB 2 Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic

Abrasives AB 3 Newly Manufactured or Re-Manufactured Steel

Abrasives PA 3 A Guide to Safety in Paint Applications SP 1 Solvent Cleaning VIS 1-89 Visual Standard for Abrasive Blast Cleaned

Steel

Section 4: Procedures Before Blast Cleaning

4.1 Before blast cleaning, visible deposits of oil, grease, or other contaminants shall be removed in accordance with SSPC-SP 1(3) or other agreed-upon methods.

4.2 Before blast cleaning, surface imperfections such as

sharp fins, sharp edges, weld spatter, or burning slag should be removed from the surface to the extent required by the procurement documents (project specification).

Additional information on surface imperfections is available in Paragraph A5 of Appendix A.

4.3 If a visual standard or comparator is specified to

supplement the written standard, the condition of the steel prior to blast cleaning should be determined before the blasting commences. Additional information on visual standards and comparators is available in Paragraph A4 of Appendix A.

NACE International 1

(2) SSPC-VIS 1 (latest revision), “Visual Standard for Abrasive Blast Cleaning Steel” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

(3) SSPC-SP 1 (latest revision), “Solvent Cleaning” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

Section 5: Blast Cleaning Methods and Operation

5.1 Clean, dry compressed air shall be used for nozzle

blasting. Moisture separators, oil separators, traps, or other equipment may be necessary to achieve this requirement.

5.2 Any of the following methods of surface preparation

may be used to achieve a white metal abrasive blast cleaned surface:

5.2.1 Dry abrasive blasting using compressed air, blast nozzles, and abrasive.

5.2.2 Dry abrasive blasting using a closed-cycle, recirculating abrasive system with compressed air, blast nozzle, and abrasive, with or without vacuum for dust and abrasive recovery.

5.2.3 Dry abrasive blasting using a closed-cycle, recirculating abrasive system with centrifugal wheels and abrasive.

5.3 Other methods of surface preparation (such as wet

abrasive blasting) may be used to achieve a white metal blast cleaned surface by mutual agreement between those responsible for performing the work and those responsible for establishing the requirements. NOTE: Information on the use of inhibitors to prevent the formation of rust immediately after wet blast cleaning is contained in Paragraph A9 of Appendix A.

Section 6: Blast Cleaning Abrasives

6.1 The selection of abrasive size and type shall be based

on the type, grade, and surface condition of the steel to be cleaned, the type of blast cleaning system employed, the finished surface to be produced (cleanliness and roughness), and whether the abrasive will be recycled.

6.2 The cleanliness and size of recycled abrasives shall be

maintained to ensure compliance with this standard.

6.3 The blast cleaning abrasive shall be dry and free of oil, grease, and other contaminants as determined by the test methods found in SSPC-AB 1,(4) AB 2,(5) and AB 3.(6) It should be noted that even though SSPC-AB 1 addresses only mineral and slag abrasives, the tests are applicable to most abrasives.

6.4 Any limitations on the use of specific abrasives, the

quantity of contaminants, or the degree of allowable embedment shall be included in the procurement documents (project specification) covering the work, because abrasive embedment and abrasives containing contaminants may not be acceptable for some service requirements. NOTE: Additional information on abrasive selection is provided in Paragraph A2 of Appendix A.

Section 7: Procedures Following Blast Cleaning and Immediately Prior to Coating

7.1 Visible deposits of oil, grease, or other contaminants

shall be removed according to SSPC-SP 1 or another method agreed upon by those parties responsible for establishing the requirements and those responsible for performing the work.

7.2 Dust and loose residues shall be removed from

prepared surfaces by brushing, blowing off with clean dry air, vacuum cleaning, or other methods agreed upon by those responsible for establishing the requirements and those responsible for performing the work. NOTE: The presence of toxic metals in the abrasives or paint being removed may place restrictions on the methods of cleaning permitted. The chosen method shall comply with all applicable regulations. Moisture separators, oil separators, traps, or other equipment may be necessary to achieve clean, dry air.

7.3 After blast cleaning, any remaining surface

imperfections (e.g., sharp fins, sharp edges, weld spatter, burning slag, scabs, slivers, etc.) shall be removed to the extent required by the procurement documents (project specification). Any damage to the surface profile resulting from the removal of surface imperfections shall be corrected to meet the requirements of Paragraph 2.4. NOTE:

Additional information on surface imperfections is contained in Paragraph A5 of Appendix A.

2 NACE International

(4) SSPC-AB 1 (latest revision), “Mineral and Slag Abrasives” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

(5) SSPC-AB 2 (latest revision), “Specification for Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

(6) SSPC-AB 3 (latest revision), “Newly Manufactured or Re-Manufactured Steel Abrasives” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

7.4 To meet the requirements of this standard, any visible

rust that forms on the surface of the steel after blast cleaning shall be removed by recleaning the rusted areas before coating. NOTE: Information on rust-back (re-rusting) and surface condensation is contained in Paragraphs A6, A7, and A8 of Appendix A.

Section 8: Inspection

8.1 Work and materials supplied under this standard are

subject to inspection by a representative of those responsible for establishing the requirements. Materials and work areas shall be accessible to the inspector. The procedures and times of inspection shall be as agreed upon by those responsible for establishing the requirements and those responsible for performing the work.

8.2 Conditions not complying with this standard shall be

corrected. In the case of a dispute, an arbitration or settlement procedure established in the procurement documents (project specification) shall be followed. If no arbitration or settlement procedure is established, a procedure mutually agreeable to purchaser and supplier shall be used.

8.3 The procurement documents (project specification)

should establish the responsibility for inspection and for any required affidavit certifying compliance with the specification.

Section 9: Safety and Environmental Requirements

9.1 Because abrasive blast cleaning is a hazardous

operation, all work shall be conducted in compliance with applicable occupational and environmental health and safety rules and regulations. NOTE: SSPC-PA 3(7) addresses safety concerns for coating work.

Section 10: Comments 10.1Additional information and data relative to this standard are contained in Appendix A. Detailed information and data are presented in a separate document, SSPC-SP COM,(8)

“Surface Preparation Commentary.” The recommendations contained in Appendix A and SSPC-SP COM are believed to represent good practice, but are not to be considered requirements of the standard. The sections of SSPC-SP COM that discuss subjects related to industrial blast cleaning are listed below.

Subject Commentary Section

Abrasive Selection 6 Film Thickness 10 Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning 8.2 Maintenance Repainting 4.2 Rust-Back (Re-rusting) 8.3 Surface Profile 6.2 Visual Standards 11 Weld Spatter 4.4.1

Appendix A: Explanatory Notes A1 FUNCTION: White metal blast cleaning (NACE No.

1/SSPC-SP 5(9)) provides the greatest degree of cleaning.

It should be used when the highest degree of blast cleaning is required. The primary functions of blast cleaning before coating are (a) to remove material from the surface that can cause early failure of the coating system and (b) to obtain a suitable surface roughness and to enhance the adhesion of the new coating system. The hierarchy of blasting standards is as follows: white metal blast cleaning, near-white metal blast cleaning, commercial blast cleaning, industrial blast cleaning, and brush-off blast cleaning.

A2 ABRASIVE SELECTION: Types of metallic and nonmetallic abrasives are discussed in SSPC-SP COM. It is important to recognize that blasting abrasives may become embedded in, or leave residues on, the surface of NACE International 3

(7) SSPC-PA 3 (latest revision), “Guide to Safety in Paint Application” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

(8) SSPC-SP COM (latest revision), “Surface Preparation Specifications Surface Preparation Commentary” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

(9) NACE No. 1/SSPC-SP 5 (latest revision), “Joint Surface Preparation Standard White Metal Blast Cleaning” (Houston, TX: NACE, and Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

the steel during preparation. While such embedment or residues are normally not detrimental, care should be taken to ensure that the abrasive is free from detrimental amounts of water-soluble, solvent-soluble, acid-soluble, or other soluble contaminants (particularly if the prepared steel is to be used in an immersion environment). Criteria for selecting and evaluating abrasives are given in SSPC-AB 1, SSPC-AB 2, and SSPC-AB 3.

A3 SURFACE PROFILE: Surface profile is the roughness of the surface that results from abrasive blast cleaning. The profile depth (or height) is dependent on the size, shape, type, and hardness of the abrasive, particle velocity and angle of impact, hardness of the surface, amount of recycling, and the proper maintenance of working mixtures of grit and/or shot.

The allowable minimum/maximum height of profile is usually dependent on the thickness of the coating to be applied.

Large particle-sized abrasives (particularly metallic) can produce a profile that may be too deep to be adequately covered by a single thin-film coat. Accordingly, it is recommended that the use of larger abrasives be avoided in these cases. However, larger abrasives may be needed for thick-film coatings or to facilitate removal of thick coatings, heavy mill scale, or rust. If control of profile (minimum/maximum) is deemed to be significant to coating performance, it should be addressed in the procurement documents (project specification). Typical maximum profile heights achieved with commercial abrasive media are shown in Table 8 of SSPC-SP COM. Surface profile should be measured in accordance with NACE Standard RP0287,(10) “Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel Surfaces Using Replica Tape,” or ASTM(11) D 4417,(12) “Test Method for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel.”

A4 VISUAL STANDARDS: Note that the use of visual standards or comparators in conjunction with this standard is required only when specified in the procurement document (project specification) covering the work.

However, it is strongly recommended that the procurement document require the use of visual standards or comparators. SSPC-Vis 1-89 provides color photographs for the various grades of surface preparation as a function of the initial condition of the steel. The series A-SP 5, B-SP 5, C-SP 5, and D-SP 5 depicts surfaces cleaned to white metal grade. In addition, the series A-SP 5 M and N depicts surfaces cleaned by various metallic and nonmetallic abrasives to SP 5 condition. The NACE “Visual Comparator for Surface Finishing of Welds Prior to Coating”(13) is a plastic weld replica that complements NACE Standard RP0178,(14) “Fabrication Details, Surface Finish Requirements, and Proper Design Considerations for Tanks and Vessels to Be Lined for Immersion Service.” Other available visual standards are described in Section 7 of

SSPC-SP COM.

A5 SURFACE IMPERFECTIONS: Surface imperfections can cause premature failure when the service is severe.

Coatings tend to pull away from sharp edges and projections, leaving little or no coating to protect the underlying steel. Other features that are difficult to properly cover and protect include crevices, weld porosities, laminations, etc. The high cost of the methods to remedy surface imperfections requires weighing the benefits of edge rounding, weld spatter removal, etc., against the costs of a potential coating failure.

Poorly adhering contaminants, such as weld slag residues, loose weld spatter, and some minor surface laminations may be removed during the blast cleaning operation. Other surface defects (steel laminations, weld porosities, or deep corrosion pits) may not be evident until the surface preparation has been completed. Proper planning for such surface repair work is essential because the timing of the repairs may occur before, during, or after the blast cleaning operation. Section 4 of SSPC-SP COM and NACE Standard RP0178 contain additional information on surface imperfections.

A6 CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION: Steel contaminated with soluble salts (e.g., chlorides and sulfates) develops rust-back rapidly at intermediate and high levels of humidity.

These soluble salts can be present on the steel surface prior to blast cleaning as a result of atmospheric contamination. In addition, contaminants can be deposited on the steel surface during blast cleaning if the abrasive is contaminated. Therefore, rust-back can be minimized by removing these salts from the steel surface and eliminating sources of recontamination during and after blast cleaning.

Wet methods of removal are described in NACE No.

5/SSPC-SP 12,(15) “Surface Preparation of Steel and Other Hard Materials by High- and Ultrahigh-Pressure Water Jetting Prior to Recoating.” Identification of the 4 NACE International

(10) NACE Standard RP0287 (latest revision), “Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel Surface Using a Replica Tape” (Houston, TX: NACE).

(11) ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

(12) ASTM D 4417 (latest revision), “Standard Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel” (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM).

(13) “Visual Comparator for Surface Finishing of Welds Prior to Coating,” Visual Aid for Use with NACE Standard RP0178 (latest revision), (Houston, TX: NACE).

(14) NACE Standard RP0178 (latest revision), “Fabrication Details, Surface Finish Requirements, and Proper Design Considerations for Tanks and Vessels to Be Lined for Immersion Service” (Houston, TX: NACE).

(15) NACE No. 5/SSPC-SP 12 (latest revision), “Surface Preparation of Steel and Other Hard Materials by High- and Ultrahigh-Pressure Water Jetting Prior to Recoating” (Houston, TX: NACE, and Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

contaminants along with their concentrations may be obtained from laboratory and field tests as described in SSPC-TU 4,(16) “Technology Update on Field Methods for Retrieval and Analysis of Soluble Salts on Substrates.”

A7 RUST-BACK: Rust-back occurs when freshly cleaned steel is exposed to moisture, contamination, or a corrosive atmosphere. The time interval between blast cleaning and rust-back varies greatly from one environment to another.

Under mild ambient conditions, if chemical contamination is not present (see Paragraph A6), it is best to blast clean and coat a surface on the same day. Severe conditions may require a more expedient coating application to avoid contamination from fallout. Chemical contamination should be removed prior to coating (see Paragraph A6).

A8 DEW POINT: Moisture condenses on any surface that is colder than the dew point of the surrounding air. It is, therefore, recommended that the temperature of the steel surface be at least 3°C (5°F) above the dew point during dry blast cleaning operations. It is advisable to visually inspect for moisture and periodically check the surface temperature and dew point during blast cleaning operations and to avoid the application of coating over a damp surface.

A9 WET ABRASIVE BLAST CLEANING: Steel that is wet abrasive blast cleaned may rust rapidly. Clean water should be used for rinsing. It may be necessary to add inhibitors to the water or apply them to the surface immediately after blast cleaning to temporarily prevent rust formation. The use of inhibitors or the application of coating over slight discoloration should be in accordance with the requirements of the coating manufacturer. CAUTION:

Some inhibitive treatments may interfere with the performance of certain coating systems.

A10 FILM THICKNESS: It is essential that ample coating be applied after blast cleaning to adequately cover the peaks of the surface profile. The dry-film thickness of the coating above the peaks of the profile should equal the thickness known to be needed for the desired protection. If the dry-film thickness over the peaks is inadequate, premature rust-through or failure will occur. To assure that coating thicknesses are properly measured the procedures in SSPC-PA 2,(17) “Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness with Magnetic Gauges” should be used.

A11 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR PAINTING: When this standard is used in maintenance painting, specific instructions should be provided on the extent of surface to be blast cleaned or spot blast cleaned to this degree of cleanliness. In these cases, the cleaning shall be performed across the entire specified area. For example, if all weld seams are to be cleaned in a maintenance operation, this degree of cleaning shall be applied 100% to all weld seams. If the entire structure is to be prepared, this degree of cleaning shall be applied to 100% of the entire structure. SSPC-PA 4,(18) “Guide to Maintenance Repainting with Oil Base or Alkyd Painting Systems,” provides a description of accepted practices for retaining old sound coating, removing unsound coating, feathering, and spot cleaning.

NACE International 5

(16) SSPC-TU 4 (latest revision), “Field Methods for Retrieval and Analysis of Soluble Salts on Substrates” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

(17) SSPC-PA 2 (latest revision), “Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness with Magnetic Gages” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

(18) SSPC-PA 4 (latest revision), “Guide to Maintenance Painting with Oil Base or Alkyd Painting Systems” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).

SSPC-SP 1

April 23, 2015

Editorial Revision August 10, 2016

SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings

Surface Preparation Standard No. 1 Solvent Cleaning

1. Scope

1.1 This standard defines the end-condition of a metal

surface from which visible deposits of oil, grease, and other visible contaminants have been removed in preparation for subsequent application of protective coatings or for the use of additional methods to prepare the surface for the application of coatings. The standard also includes requirements for materials and procedures necessary to achieve and verify the end condition.

2. Definition

2.1 When viewed without magnification, a solvent-cleaned

surface shall be free of visible oil, grease, dust, dirt, drawing and cutting compounds, and other visible soluble contaminants.

“Visible” means detectable with normal or corrected normal vision without the use of additional test equipment (see Note 6.1).

2.2 For the purpose of this standard, a “solvent” is defined

as any liquid or vapor, permitted by the owner of the item being cleaned and used in compliance with all health, safety and environmental regulations applicable at the job site, that will dissolve or emulsify visible deposits of soluble contaminants on the surface. Examples of solvents include: water, emulsion or alkaline cleaners, and hydrocarbons.

3. Surface Preparation Before and After Solvent Cleaning

3.1 Before solvent cleaning, remove visible foreign matter

(other than grease and oil) by one or a combination of the following manual methods: brushing with stiff fiber or wire brushes, or scraping.

3.2 Remove localized deposits of oil or grease by

scraping. Remove the remaining visible oil or grease by any of the methods listed in Section 4.

Immediately before using additional methods of surface preparation or immediately prior to coating application if additional surface preparation is not required, the surface shall meet requirements of Section 2.1.

4. Methods of Solvent Cleaning

4.1 Apply the solvent to the surface by spraying or using

rags or brushes wetted with approved solvent. Wipe or scrub the surface with rags or brushes wetted with solvent.1 Use clean solvent and clean rags or brushes for the final rinsing or wiping.

4.2 Use stabilized chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents to

perform vapor degreasing.

4.3 Immerse completely in a tank or tanks of solvent. For

the last immersion, use solvent that will not deposit residual contaminants on the surface being cleaned.

4.4 Apply emulsion or alkaline cleaners as described in

Sections 4.1 through 4.3. After treatment, wash the surface with surface preparation water2 or steam to remove visible residual contaminants.

4.5 Steam clean, using detergents or cleaners and follow

by steam or surface preparation water wash to remove visible residual contaminants.

5. Disclaimer

5.1 This is a consensus standard developed by SSPC:

The Society for Protective Coatings. While every precaution is taken to ensure that all information furnished in SSPC standards is as accurate, complete, and useful as possible, SSPC cannot assume responsibility nor incur any obligation resulting from the use of any materials, coatings, or methods specified herein, or of the specification or standard itself.

5.2 This standard does not attempt to address problems

concerning safety associated with its use. The user of this standard, as well as the user of all products or practices described herein, is responsible for instituting appropriate

1 Local regulations or owner restrictions may prohibit the use of certain solvents. If coating is to be applied following solvent cleaning, the coating manufacturer should be consulted for recommended solvents.

2 The SSPC/NACE waterjetting standards (SSPC-SP WJ-1, 2, 3 and 4/NACE WJ-1, 2, 3, and 4) define surface preparation water (SP water) as “water of sufficient purity and quality that it does not prevent the surface being cleaned from achieving the [specified degree] of surface cleanliness or nonvisible contamination criteria when contained in the procurement documents.”

SSPC-SP 1

April 23, 2015 Editorial Revision August 10, 2016 health and safety practices and for ensuring compliance with all governmental regulations.

6. Notes

Notes are not requirements of this standard.

6.1 Additional Verification Methods: Project

specifications may require visual verification to be supplemented by methods including but not limited to the options listed below for the visual detection and verification methods defined in Section 2.1. Areas subject to verification by these methods should be identified prior to solvent cleaning.

6.1.1 Wipe Test: A clean dry white rag is wiped across the

[dry] cleaned area(s) and examined for visible residue.

6.1.2 Ultraviolet Light: The cleaned area(s) are examined

for the presence of fluorescing hydrocarbon residues using ultraviolet light.3

6.1.3 Water-Break Test: The cleaned area(s) are

examined in accordance with ASTM F21, “Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Atomizer Test,” or ASTM F22, “Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Water-Break Test.”4

6.1.4 Surface Dust Test: The cleaned area(s) are

examined in accordance with ISO 8502-3, “Preparation of steel surfaces before application of paint and related products–Tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness, Part 3: Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting (pressure-sensitive tape method).”5 An acceptable dust class should be established prior to conducting surface dust tests.

3 SSPC TU 11, “Inspection of Fluorescent Coating Systems” provides guidance on inspection techniques and recommended personal protective equipment.

4 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, <http://www.astm.org>. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

5 International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Case Postale 56, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland. ISO standards may also be obtained through the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) at <http://www.ansi.org>

Copyright © SSPC standards, guides, and technical reports are copyrighted world-wide by SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings. Any photocopying, re-selling, or redistribution of these standards, guides, and technical reports by printed, electronic, or any other means is strictly prohibited without the express written consent of SSPC: The Society of Protective Coatings and a formal licensing agreement.

SSPC-SP 2

January 3, 2018

SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings

SURFACE PREPARATION STANDARD NO. 2

Hand Tool Cleaning

1. Scope

1.1 This standard contains the requirements for hand

tool cleaning to remove loose detrimental foreign matter from steel substrates.

1.2 This standard differs from SSPC-SP 3, Power Tool

Cleaning, in that SSPC-SP 3 requires use of powered hand-held tools. This standard requires use of hand-held tools without supplemental power.

1.3 Units of Measure: This standard makes use of

both the IEEE/AST SI 10(1), International Standards (SI) units and U.S. Customary units. The measurements are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without combining in any way. This standard uses SI units with the U.S. Customary conversions shown in parentheses.

2. Definitions

2.1 Hand tool cleaning is a method of preparing steel

substrates with hand-held tools without supplemental power.

2.2 A hand tool cleaned surface, when viewed without

magnification, shall be free of visible deposits of oil and grease, and all loose mill scale, loose rust, loose paint, and other loose foreign matter. It is not intended that adherent material be removed by this process. Material is considered adherent if it cannot be removed by lifting with a dull flexible putty knife as described in Section 6.3 (see also Notes 8.1 and 8.2).

2.3 DULL PUTTY KNIFE (for use as an inspection

tool): A commercially manufactured, straight, flexible metal blade capable of returning to its original shape without permanent distortion after being bent by hand around a 28-to 33-cm (11 to 13-in) diameter mandrel (or pipe or other curved surface). The blade shall also have the following characteristics: length of approximately 75 to 125 mm (3 to 5 in); thickness of approximately 760 to 1270 µm (30 to

(1) ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

50 mils); and a straight working edge approximately 40 to 75 mm (1.5 to 3 in) in width. The putty knife is acceptable for use if the thickness at the working edge of the blade is not less than 635 µm (25 mils) or 75% of its original thickness, whichever is greater.(2)

NOTE: Some commercially manufactured, straight, flexible metal blades are between 500 and 760 µm (20 and 30 mils) in thickness. New blade thicknesses between 500 and 760 µm (20 and 30 mils) are permitted, provided the coating being tested is 20 mils or less in thickness, and the thickness of the blade is not worn to less than 20 mils.

2.4 Reference photographs of cleaned surfaces found

in SSPC-VIS 3 are often used to supplement the written definition. In any dispute, the written definition set forth in this standard shall take precedence over reference photographs (see Note 8.3).

3. Referenced Documents

3.1 The latest issue, revision, or amendment of the

referenced documents in effect on the date of publication of this standard shall govern unless otherwise specified.

Documents marked with an asterisk (*) are not requirements of this standard.

3.2 If there is a conflict between the requirements of any

of the cited standards and this standard, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.

3.3 ASTM INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

ASTM D4285 Standard Test Method for Indicating Oil or

Water in Compressed Air

3.4 SSPC STANDARDS AND JOINT STANDARDS

SSPC-SP 1 Solvent Cleaning

* SSPC-SP 3 Power Tool Cleaning

* SSPC-SP 11 Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal

* SSPC-SP 7/

NACE No. 4 Brush-Off Blast Cleaning

(2) Exact dimensions of equipment manufactured using S.I. units may vary slightly from the S.I. values provided.

* SSPC-SP 15 Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaning

* SSPC-SP COM Surface Preparation Commentary

* SSPC-VIS 3 Guide and Reference Photographs for

Steel Surfaces Prepared by Power- and Hand Tool Cleaning

4. Tools and Methods for Hand Tool Cleaning

4.1 TOOLS: Any hand-held tool that will remove loose

material. Examples include, but are not limited to: hammers, wire brushes, scrapers, knives, and abrasive paper, pads, and stones. Hand tool cleaning does not alter or create a surface profile.

4.2 The use of multiple tools is sometimes necessary to

achieve a surface meeting the requirements of Section 2.2.

5. Procedures Prior to Hand Tool Cleaning

If the surface is to be coated, visible deposits of oil, grease, or other materials that interfere with coating adhesion shall be removed in accordance with SSPC-SP 1 or other specified methods prior to hand tool cleaning.

6. Procedures Following Hand Tool Cleaning and Immediately Prior to Coating

6.1 Visible deposits of oil, grease or other materials

that interfere with coating adhesion shall be removed in accordance with SSPC-SP 1 or as specified.

6.2 Dust and loose residues shall be removed from

hand tool cleaned surfaces by brushing; blowing off with clean, dry air verified in accordance with the procedure described in ASTM D4285; vacuum cleaning; or other methods established in the procurement documents (project specification).

6.3 When using a dull putty knife to test paint, mill

scale, or rust remaining on the surface after cleaning, the straight working edge of the blade shall be held flat against the surface at a maximum of 45 degrees to the surface and pushed with light to moderate pressure so that the end of the blade remains in flat contact with the surface. The corners of the blade shall not be used to dig at the residues. A putty knife shall not be used as an inspection tool if the working edge of the blade is nicked or gouged, or if dry paint or other material is present along the working edge that would prevent the blade from making intimate contact with the surface.

6.4 Immediately prior to coating application, the entire

surface to be coated shall comply with the requirements of Section 2.2 (see Notes 8.4, 8.5 and 8.6).

7. Disclaimer

7.1 This is a consensus standard developed by SSPC:

The Society for Protective Coatings. While every precaution is taken to ensure that all information furnished in SSPC standards and specifications is as accurate, complete, and as useful as possible, SSPC cannot assume responsibility nor incur any obligation resulting from the use of any materials, coatings, or methods specified herein, or of the specification or standard itself.

7.2 This standard does not attempt to address problems

concerning safety and health associated with its use. The user of this standard, as well as the user of all products or practices described herein, is responsible for instituting appropriate health and safety practices and for ensuring compliance with all applicable governmental regulations.

8. Notes

Notes are not requirements of this standard.

8.1 FUNCTION: The type of hand tool surface

preparation described in this standard removes loosely adherent material. This standard is suitable where removal of loosely adherent foreign matter is required, but where the effort to remove all tightly adherent rust, mill scale, old coatings, and other tightly adherent foreign matter is not necessary. The surfaces prepared according to this standard should not be compared to surfaces cleaned by abrasive blast cleaning or power tool cleaning. Although this method produces surfaces that resemble SSPC-SP 7 (brush-off blast cleaned) or SSPC-SP 3, (power tool cleaned surfaces), they are not necessarily equivalent to those surfaces produced by abrasive blast cleaning or power tool cleaning. The contracting parties should agree on the appropriateness of the finished surface to accept the specified coating system.

Selection of hand tools and cleaning media should be based on (1) the condition of the surface prior to surface preparation; and (2) the extent of cleaning that is required.

The SSPC Surface Preparation Commentary (SSPC-SP COM) provides additional information on subjects related to hand tool cleaning. The recommendations contained in SSPC-SP COM are believed to represent good practice, but are not to be considered requirements of this standard.

8.2 STRATIFIED RUST, PACK RUST AND RUST

SCALE: As noted in Section 4.3.1 of SSPC-COM, Surface Preparation Commentary for Steel and Concrete Substrates, stratified rust, pack rust or rest scale can adhere so tightly to the base metal that a wire brush will not remove it. Even though it is considered “tightly adherent” because it cannot be lifted with a dull flexible putty knife, it provides a very poor surface to paint over. Specifiers should consider providing additional instructions in the project specification regarding the acceptable methods for, and the acceptable level of, removal of these types of rust.

8.3 VISUAL GUIDES AND COMPARATORS: Note that

the use of visual guides or comparators in conjunction with this standard is required only when they are specified in the procurement documents (project specification) covering the work. It is recommended, however, that the use of visual guides or comparators be made mandatory in the procurement documents.

SSPC-VIS 3 provides a suitable comparative visual guide for SSPC-SP 2, SSPC-SP 3, SSPC-SP 11, and SSPC-SP 15. However, visual comparators for blast-cleaned steel (e.g. VIS 1) are not suitable for assessing hand tool cleaned surfaces. Because hand tool cleaning is time- and labor-intensive, it is advisable to prepare a test area of 1 x 1 m (3 x 3 ft) for large areas or 30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 in) for spot cleaning to an acceptable level agreed upon by the contracting parties, then cover it with a clear lacquer to save it as a standard during the power tool cleaning operation. A 30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 in) steel test plate can also be hand tool cleaned to an acceptable level and photographed or retained to serve as a project standard.

8.4 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR PAINTING: When

this standard is used in maintenance painting, specific instructions should be given on the extent of surface to be hand tool cleaned, including any additional requirements for retaining old paint, removing unsound paint, feathering and spot cleaning. If the procurement documents require hand tool cleaning to prepare surfaces for subsequent coating, the edges of remaining intact coatings should be feathered to improve the appearance of the repaired coating

8.5 SURFACE IMPERFECTIONS: Surface

imperfections can cause premature failure when the environment is severe. Generally, coatings tend to pull away from sharp edges and projections, leaving little or no coating to protect the underlying steel. Other features that are difficult for a coating to properly cover and protect include crevices, weld porosity, laminations, etc. Poorly adherent contaminants, such as weld slag residues, loose weld spatter, and some minor surface laminations, be removed during hand tool cleaning. Other surface defects may not be evident until the surface preparation has been completed.

Therefore, proper planning for such repair work is essential, since the timing of the repairs may occur before, during, or after hand tool cleaning operations.

8.6 DEW POINT: Moisture condenses on any surface

that is colder than the dew point of the surrounding air. It is recommended that the temperature of the steel surface be at least 3 °C (5 °F) above the dew point during hand tool cleaning. It is advisable to visually inspect for moisture and periodically check the surface temperature and dew point during cleaning. It is equally important to continue to monitor the surface temperature/dew-point relationship until the coating is applied to avoid painting over a damp surface, unless the selected coating is specifically intended for application on damp substrates.

Copyright © 2017 SSPC standards, guides, and technical reports are copyrighted world-wide by SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings. Any photocopying, re-selling, or redistribution of these standards, guides, and technical reports by printed, electronic, or any other means is strictly prohibited without the express written consent of SSPC: The Society of Protective Coatings and a formal licensing agreement.

This revision replaces the version dated November 1,1982 (Editorial Revisions November 2004). Content has been reorganized to parallel construction of SSPC-SP 11 and SSPC-SP 15, and definition of a dull putty knife has been added. A redline version is available from SSPC upon request.

�������������������� �� ������!����"��#$%�&'()�*��'*�)')�+,-���)-.)'.�-,/�0��1� ����2��2�"#�#$3/����4��3/3�5678�89:;<:=<�>?;9:7;8�96@�=@AB7=@C@;98�D?=�E?F@=�9??G�>G@:;7;H�9?�=@C?I@�G??8@�<@9=7C@;9:G�D?=@7H;�C:99@=�D=?C�89@@G�8BJ89=:9@8K3/L�5678�89:;<:=<�<7DD@=8�D=?C�MMNOPMN�Q�R:;<�5??G�OG@:;7;HS�7;�96:9�MMNOPMN�Q�=@AB7=@8�B8@�?D�6:;<P6@G<�9??G8�F796?B9�8BEEG@C@;9:G�E?F@=K3/0�5678�89:;<:=<�<7DD@=8�D=?C�MMNOPMN��TS�O?CC@=>7:G�U=:<@�N?F@=�5??G�OG@:;7;HS�7;�96:9�MN��T�B8@8�E?F@=�9??G8�9?�=@C?I@�:GG�I787JG@�?7GS�H=@:8@S�<7=9S�=B89S�>?:97;HS�C@9:GG7>�?V7<@8S�C7GG�8>:G@S�>?==?87?;�E=?<B>98S�:;<�?96@=�D?=@7H;�C:99@=�D=?C�96@�8B=D:>@S�F796�96@�@V>@E97?;�?D�9=:>@�:C?B;98�?D�>?:97;HS�89:7;7;H�:;<�>?==?87?;�7;�E79�J?99?C8K3/W�&#��%����X�"%Y ���5678�89:;<:=<�C:Z@8�B8@�?D�J?96�96@�[\\\]̂M5_�M[��̀a�b�[;9@=;:97?;:G�Mc89@C�d;798�aM[b�B;798�:;<�dKMK�OB89?C:=c�B;798K�56@�C@:8B=@C@;98�:=@�;?9�@V:>9�@AB7I:G@;98e�96@=@D?=@S�@:>6�8c89@C�CB89�J@�B8@<�7;<@E@;<@;9Gc�?D�96@�?96@=�F796?B9�>?CJ7;7;H�7;�:;c�F:cK�5678�89:;<:=<�B8@8�M[�B;798�F796�96@�dKMK�OB89?C:=c�>?;I@=87?;8�86?F;�7;�E:=@;96@8@8K�fg�hijklmlnkL/3�N?F@=�9??G�>G@:;7;H�78�:�C@96?<�?D�E=@E:=7;H�89@@G�8B=D:>@8�Jc�96@�B8@�?D�E?F@=P:88789@<�6:;<�9??G8K�[9�<?@8�;?9�7;>GB<@�96@�B8@�?D�G:8@=�:;<�6@:9P7;<B>97?;�9@>6;?G?H7@8KL/L�̂�E?F@=�9??G�>G@:;@<�8B=D:>@S�F6@;�I7@F@<�F796?B9�opqrstupvswrx�yzp{{�|}�~�}}�w~��sys|{}��}�wysvy�w~�ws{�pr��H=@:8@�:;<�86:GG�J@�D=@@�?D�:GG�G??8@�C7GG�8>:G@S�G??8@�=B89S�G??8@�E:7;9S�:;<�?96@=�G??8@�<@9=7C@;9:G�D?=@7H;�C:99@=K�[9�78�;?9�7;9@;<@<�96:9�:<6@=@;9�C7GG�8>:G@S�=B89S�:;<�E:7;9�J@�=@C?I@<�Jc�9678�E=?>@88K�_7GG�8>:G@S�=B89S�:;<�E:7;9�:=@�>?;87<@=@<�:<6@=@;9�7D�96@c�>:;;?9�J@�=@C?I@<�Jc�G7D97;H�F796�:�<BGG�EB99c�Z;7D@�:8�<@8>=7J@<�7;�M@>97?;��K��a8@@��?9@8��K��:;<��KQbK�L/0�.&����&�����-+(*���� �Y%��"%�"#��#%4�����#����2�����uwoo}�usp{{��opr�~puv��}�x�yv�psqzvx��}�s|{}�o}vp{�JG:<@�>:E:JG@�?D�=@9B=;7;H�9?�798�?=7H7;:G�86:E@�F796?B9�E@=C:;@;9�<789?=97?;�:D9@=�J@7;H�J@;9�Jc�6:;<�:=?B;<�:�Q��9?���P>C�a���9?���P7;b�<7:C@9@=�C:;<=@G�a?=�E7E@�?=�?96@=�a�b�̂ M5_�[;9@=;:97?;:GS��̀ �̀�:==�R:=J?=��=7I@S��@89�O?;86?6?>Z@;S�N̂����Q�PQ�T�K��?=�=@D@=@;>@<�̂M5_�89:;<:=<8S�I7879�96@�̂M5_�F@J879@S�FFFK:89CK?=HS�?=�>?;9:>9�̂M5_�OB89?C@=�M@=I7>@�:9�8@=I7>@�:89CK?=HK��?=�̂;;B:G��??Z�?D�̂M5_�M9:;<:=<8�I?GBC@�sr~w�opvswrx��}~}��vw�vz}�yvpr�p���y��wu�o}rv���oop����pq}�wr�vz}�������}|ysv}��

>B=I@<�8B=D:>@bK�56@�JG:<@�86:GG�:G8?�6:I@�96@�D?GG?F7;H�>6:=:>9@=7897>8��G@;H96�?D�:EE=?V7C:9@Gc� T�9?��QT�CC�a��9?�T�7;>6@8be�967>Z;@88�?D�:EE=?V7C:9@Gc� �̀�9?��Q ̀�¡C�a�̀�9?�T̀�C7G8be�:;<�:�89=:7H69�F?=Z7;H�@<H@�:EE=?V7C:9@Gc��̀�9?� T�CC�a�KT�9?���7;b�7;�F7<96K�56@�EB99c�Z;7D@�78�:>>@E9:JG@�D?=�B8@�7D�96@�967>Z;@88�:9�96@�F?=Z7;H�@<H@�?D�96@�JG:<@�78�;?9�G@88�96:;���T�¡C�aQT�C7G8b�?=� T¢�?D�798�?=7H7;:G�967>Z;@88S�F67>6@I@=�78�H=@:9@=KaQb��-,�*��M?C@�>?CC@=>7:GGc�C:;BD:>9B=@<S�89=:7H69S��}�s|{}�o}vp{�|{p�}y�p�}�|}v�}}r�£¤¤�pr��¥¦¤�§o�̈©¤�pr���̀�C7G8b�7;�967>Z;@88K��@F�JG:<@�967>Z;@88@8�J@9F@@;�T̀ �̀:;<� �̀�¡C�aQ̀�:;<��̀�C7G8b�:=@�E@=C799@<S�E=?I7<@<�96@�>?:97;H�J@7;H�9@89@<�78�Q̀�C7G8�?=�G@88�7;�967>Z;@88S�:;<�96@�967>Z;@88�?D�96@�JG:<@�78�;?9�F?=;�9?�G@88�96:;�Q̀�C7G8KL/W�ª@D@=@;>@�E6?9?H=:E68�?D�E?F@=�9??G�>G@:;@<�8B=D:>@8�D?B;<�7;�MMNOP«[M���:=@�?D9@;�B8@<�9?�8BEEG@C@;9�vz}���svv}r��}trsvswr��¬r�pr���sy��v}x�vz}���svv}r��}trsvswr�y}v�D?=96�7;�9678�89:;<:=<�86:GG�9:Z@�E=@>@<@;>@�?I@=�=@D@=@;>@�E6?9?H=:E68�a8@@��?9@��K�bK0/�'��� �#�����"#" %�0/3�56@�G:9@89�788B@S�=@I787?;S�?=�:C@;<C@;9�?D�96@�=@D@=@;>@<�89:;<:=<8�7;�@DD@>9�?;�96@�<:9@�?D�EBJG7>:97?;�w~�vzsy�yvpr�p���yzp{{�qw�}�r��r{}yy�wvz}��sy}�y�}ust}���M9:;<:=<8�C:=Z@<�F796�:;�:89@=78Z�a®b�:=@�;?9�=@AB7=@C@;98�?D�9678�89:;<:=<K0/L�¬~�vz}�}�sy�p�uwr�suv�|}v�}}r�vz}��}̄�s�}o}rvy�w~�:;c�?D�96@�>79@<�=@D@=@;>@�89:;<:=<8�:;<�9678�89:;<:=<S�96@�=@AB7=@C@;98�?D�9678�89:;<:=<�86:GG�E=@I:7GK0/0�)��X�+-�*'-)�+,-)����)-.)'.�M̂5_���Q�T M9:;<:=<�5@89�_@96?<�D?=�[;<7>:97;H�°7G�?=��:9@=�7;�O?CE=@88@<�̂7=�0/W��������)-.)'.��)-.�±,+-����)-.)'.�MMNOPMN�� M?GI@;9�OG@:;7;H® MMNOPMN�Q� R:;<�5??G�OG@:;7;H® MMNOPMN� ]��̂ O\��?K�� �=B86P°DD��G:89�OG@:;7;H® MMNOPMN��� N?F@=�5??G�OG@:;7;H�9?��:=@�_@9:G® MMNOPMN��T O?CC@=>7:G�U=:<@�N?F@=�5??G�OG@:;7;HaQb��\V:>9�<7C@;87?;8�?D�@AB7EC@;9�C:;BD:>9B=@<�B87;H�MK[K�B;798�C:c�I:=c�8G7H69Gc�D=?�96@�MK[K�I:GB@8�E=?I7<@<K�

� ���������� ������ !��"�#�$�!%���&'(')$ *&+�#'$��(��,���$# %�+��$�* $���-.��'/�$�� !��0 !��1'',��,�…