Attachment_4_-_PPNM_Stabilization_-_Appendix_C_Part1.pdf

APPENDIX C:

POMPEYS PILLAR NATIONAL MONUMENT

INTRUMENTATION OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

MANUAL

4300 MarketPointe Drive, Suite 200 Minneapolis, MN 55435 952.832.2600 www.barr.com

Pompeys Pillar National Monument

Instrumentation Operation and Maintenance Manual

Prepared for Bureau of Land Management

April 2022

P:\Mpls\26 MT\55\26551004 Pompeys Pillar NA Monitoring\WorkFiles\O&M Manual\PPNM O&M Manual.docx i

Pompeys Pillar National Monument

Instrumentation Operations and Maintenance Manual

April 2022

Contents 1 Overview

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Purpose of Instrumentation

1.3 Related Documents

1.4 Overview of O&M Plan

2 Instrumentation System Description

2.1 Vibrating Wire Crackmeter

2.2 Biaxial Tiltmeter

2.3 Laser Distance Meter

2.4 Meteorological Station

2.5 Vibrating Wire Data Logger

2.6 Gateway

2.7 Data Visualization

2.8 Accessing Data Loggers – Dlog

2.9 Summary

3 Instrumentation Systems Operations

3.1 Organization and Structure

3.2 Data Collection and Validation

3.3 Data Reporting

3.4 Data Management and Storage

3.5 Periodic Systems Adequacy and Update

4 Instrumentation System Maintenance

4.1 Routine Preventative Maintenance

4.1.1 Battery Replacement

4.2 Instrument Calibration Procedures

4.3 Troubleshooting and Repairs

4.3.1 Vibrating Wire Crack Meters

ii

4.3.2 Biaxial Tiltmeters

4.3.3 Laser Distance Meters

4.3.4 Meteorological Station

4.3.5 Vibrating Wire Data Loggers

4.3.6 Gateway

ist o a les

Table 1 VW Crackmeter Summary Table 2 Biaxial Tiltmeter Summary Table 3 Laser Distance Meter Summary Table 4 Weather Station Summary Table 5 VW Data Logger Summary Table 6 Gateway Summary Table 7 Battery Replacement Schedule ist o i ures

Figure 1 Data Flow ist o Appendices Attac ments or i its

Attachment 1 – Instrument Installation Data Attachment 2 – Instrument Location Figures Attachment 3 – Calibration Sheets Attachment 4 – Manufacturer Manuals Attachment 5 – eagle.io User Guide Attachment 6 – DLog User Guide iii

Abbreviations

Barr Barr Engineering Company BLM Bureau of Land Management CSV Coma Separated Values EOR Engineer of Record O&M Operation and Maintenance PoE Power over Ethernet PPNM Pompeys Pillar National Monument RBMS Rock Block Monitoring System TARP Trigger Action Response Plan VW Vibrating Wire

1 Overview

1.1 Introduction

The purpose of this operation and maintenance (O&M) manual is to provide information about equipment and the monitoring program as well as a user’s manual to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for the instrumentation system installed at Pompeys Pillar National Monument (PPNM) located in Yellowstone County, Montana. The Rock Block Monitoring System (RBMS) includes sensors and data loggers to measure rock block movement at the site, a data storage and visualization system, and a Trigger Action Response Plan (TARP). The data collected from the site is processed and visualized on a web-based application to allow users to evaluate potential rock block displacement and notify staff to act based on the data.

1.2 Purpose of Instrumentation

The purpose of the RBMS is to measure rock block displacement, rotation, and environmental conditions at the site. Vibrating wire crackmeters, biaxial tiltmeters, laser distance meters, and a weather station are all used to collect information from the site at the Signature Block, Turtle Rock, and Lower Rock areas of the site. Threshold limits (or trigger limits) for each sensor were provided by Itasca Consulting Group, Inc.

(Itasca) of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The threshold limits have been added to the visualization platform such that email and text notifications are sent to select staff when a threshold has been exceeded. Once the alarm has triggered, steps to be followed will be listed in the TARP.

1.3 Related Documents

A TARP was introduced in the Pompeys Pillar National Monument Stabilization Environmental Assessment (BLM, 2022). The TARP provides the BLM staff with planned steps of action to follow if visual observation identifies changed conditions and or if monitoring data thresholds are exceeded. The trigger limits were established March 25, 2022 by Itasca (Barr, 2022).

1.4 Overview of O&M Plan

The O&M plan provides the BLM with the information necessary to operate and maintain the RBMS geotechnical instrumentation system that was installed by Barr Engineering Co. (Barr) in July 2020, March 2021, and updated in March 2022. Itasca identified monitoring locations and monitoring threshold limits, and Barr selected the sensors, telemetry and visualization system and alerting platform. The following sections describe the RBMS system, describes instrumentation operations, and RBMS system maintenance.

2 Instrumentation System Description As described in the previous section, the instrumentation system is comprised of sensors and data loggers to collect data onsite and transmit to a web-based application for visualization. The sensors used at the site include vibrating wire crackmeters, biaxial micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) based tilt sensors, laser distance meters, and a meteorological station. The sensors are connected to and interface with Loadsensing data loggers that collect and store data that is viewed using a web-based application, eagle.io. This section will describe each sensor, data logger, and the website that is used for this RBMS.

The instrument installation data and instrument location figures can also be found in Attachment 1 and Attachment 2, respectively.

2.1 Vibrating Wire Crackmeter

The vibrating wire (VW) crackmeter sensors are manufactured by GEOKON of Lebanon, New Hampshire.

The model number for each VW crackmeter is 4420-1-50MM, which has a total range of 50 millimeters (mm). The crackmeters were installed to the rock face using ¼-inch wedge anchors that were drilled and epoxied into the rock. The wedge anchors extruding out of the rock were inserted into the circular ends of the crackmeter and secured with washers and lock nuts. The crackmeters were installed such that each meter has 25 mm of travel in both extension and compression. The cable end of the crackmeter was then installed in either a radio enabled Loadsensing 5-channel or 1-channel vibrating wire data logger manufactured by Worldsensing. Details of the Loadsensing VW data logger can be found in Section 2.5.

The VW crackmeters are sampled at a frequency of 1 reading per hour. There are currently 11 crackmeters installed onsite with one spare crackmeter in storage onsite intended as a replacement should a sensor become damaged or malfunction. One of the 11 crackmeters has been installed to monitor sensor response resulting from environmental changes while 10 crackmeters have been installed for rock displacement monitoring purposes. Crackmeter installation locations and information are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 VW Crackmeter Summary

Name RBMS ID Manufacturer Model Serial Number

Data Logger Serial

Number

Data Logger

Port

Signature Block 1 Top CM1 101 GEOKON 4420-50MM 2101223 36828 3

Signature Block 1 Top CM2 102 GEOKON 4420-50MM 2101221 36828 1

Signature Block 2 Top CM3 103 GEOKON 4420-50MM 2101222 36828 2

Signature Block 2 East Face CM 104 GEOKON 4420-50MM 1823702 23667 1

Signature Block 2 North Face CM 106 GEOKON 4420-50MM 1823703 23493 1

Signature Block 2- 3 North Face-CM 108 GEOKON 4420-50MM 2101225 28701 1

Control CM 113 GEOKON 4420-50MM 2101217 36828 4

Turtle Rock Block 1a-CM 201 GEOKON 4420-50MM 2101224 36444 3

Turtle Rock Block 1b Top-CM 202 GEOKON 4420-50MM 1823724 36444 2

Turtle Rock Block 3 Top-CM 203 GEOKON 4420-50MM 2101220 36444 1

Turtle Rock Block 2a-CM 204 GEOKON 4420-50MM 2101218 36444 4

2.2 Biaxial Tiltmeter

The biaxial tiltmeter sensors are manufactured by Loadsensing. The model for each tiltmeter is LS-G6- INC15 which have +15° tilt range. The tiltmeters were installed to the rock face using a manufacturer suppled L-bracket. The L-brackets were bolted to the rock face using ¼-inch wedge anchors that were drilled and epoxied into the rock. The tiltmeters were installed in the field as level as possible with the positive A-rotation generally in the direction of expected movement (downslope) and the B-direction perpendicular to the expected direction of movement. Each tiltmeter has an integrated data logger with a 900 MHz radio to communicate with the gateway. The biaxial tiltmeters are powered by two C-size 3.6-volt lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) batteries and are sampled at a frequency of one reading per hour.

There are currently four tiltmeters installed with two spare tiltmeters in storage onsite intended as replacements should a sensor become damaged or malfunction. The tiltmeter installation locations and information are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Biaxial Tiltmeter Summary

Name RBMS ID Manufacturer Model Serial Number

Turtle Rock Block 2b Tiltmeter 205 Loadsensing LS-G6-INC15 25547

Lower Rock Block 1 Tiltmeter 300 Loadsensing LS-G6-INC15 13488

Lower Rock Block 2 Tiltmeter 301 Loadsensing LS-G6-INC15 20315

Lower Rock Block 3 Tiltmeter 302 Loadsensing LS-G6-INC15 20215

2.3 Laser Distance Meter

The laser distance meters are sensors manufactured by Loadsensing. The model number for each laser distance meter is LS-G6-LASER which have an effective measuring range from 0.05 meters (m) to 150 m.

One distance meter was installed under the overhanging Signature Block 2 and is measuring the distance to the bottom of the block to the distance meter. The other two distance meters are installed southeast of the Signature Block area and are pointing to the southwestern face of Signature Block 1. Each distance meter has an integrated data logger with a 900 MHz radio to communicate with the gateway. The distance meters are powered by two C-size 3.6-volt lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) batteries and are sampled at a frequency of one reading per hour. There are currently three distance meters installed with one spare distance meter in storage onsite intended as a replacement in the event a sensor is damaged or malfunctions. The laser distance meter installation locations and information are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Laser Distance Meter Summary

Name RBMS ID Manufacturer Model Serial Number

Signature Block 2 DM 110 Loadsensing LS-G6-LASER 32258

Signature Block 1 DM1 111 Loadsensing LS-G6-LASER 32264

Signature Block 1 DM2 112 Loadsensing LS-G6-LASER 32291

2.4 Meteorological Station

The meteorological station was manufactured by Vaisala of Helsinki, Finland. The model number for the weather sensor is WXT536. The station is equipped with sensors to measure barometric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed, and precipitation. The weather sensor is installed on a pole that is approximately five feet off the ground in an open field just east of the monument. The weather sensor is connected to a Loadsensing digital node data logger, model LS-G6- DIG-2, that has a direct AC power supply from the receptacle on the eastern side of the maintenance garage. The digital node has an integrated 900 MHz radio to communicate with the gateway. The sensor is connected to the RS485 port on the digital node and is sampled at a frequency of 1 reading per hour.

The installation information for the weather senor is shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Weather Station Summary

Name RBMS ID Type Manufacturer Model Serial Number

Weather Station 400 Data Logger Loadsensing LS-G6-DIG-2 34214

401 Sensor Vaisala WXT526 T0150935

2.5 Vibrating Wire Data Logger

The vibrating wire data loggers are manufactured by Loadsensing with two models used at the site, LS- G6-VW-1M and LS-G6-VW-5. Both models are programed to read one or five VW sensors, respectively.

The VW data loggers are equipped with a 900 MHz radio that communicates with the gateway. The VW data loggers are powered by C-size 3.6-volt lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2) batteries and are sampled at a frequency of 1 reading per hour. There are currently five VW data loggers installed with one spare of each model in storage onsite intended as a replacement in the event a data logger becomes damaged or malfunctions. The VW data logger installation locations and information are shown in Table 5.

Table 5 VW Data Logger Summary

Name RBMS ID Manufacturer Model Serial Number

Signature Top Block 100 Loadsensing LS-G6-VW-5 36828

Signature Block 2 East Face CM 105 Loadsensing LS-G6-VW-1M 23667

Signature Block 2 North Face CM 107 Loadsensing LS-G6-VW-1M 23493

Signature Block 2-3 North Face-CM 109 Loadsensing LS-G6-VW-1M 28701

Turtle Rock 200 Loadsensing LS-G6-VW-5 36444

2.6 Gateway

The remote gateway was manufactured by Loadsensing and has an ethernet connection to an external Digi cellular modem located at the west end of the interpretive center. The model number for the gateway is LS-G6-GW-FCC-3. The gateway is powered through an AC power adapter plugged into the power receptacle. The gateway is equipped with a 900 MHz radio that is used to communicate to the data loggers installed onsite. The data is aggregated as comma-separated values (CSV) files grouped by data logger and stored on the gateway’s server. The data is then pushed to a web visualization application where data is also stored in the cloud. The gateway information is shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Gateway Summary

Name RBMS ID Manufacturer Model Serial Number

PPNM Gateway 500 Loadsensing LS-G6-GW-FCC-3 0x80D07B0

Remote access to the gateway’s server can be achieved in multiple ways. The gateway’s server allows the user to access a variety of options, such as changing the data logger sampling frequency, updating the gateway operating system, manual download of data files (CSV format), and checking on the radio connections to the individual data loggers. There are two security logins to remotely access the gateway; a view-only login and an administrative login. The administrative login allows the user to view and download data as well as change gateway settings. The view-only login restricts the user to only view and download data. The login information for the gateway server is below.

Remote Access URL: https://loadsensing.wocs3.com/21572 Administrative login o Username: admin o Password: Barr_PPNM

View-only login o Username: viewonly o Password: PPNM!23

Cellular Modem Login o IP Address: 166.180.011.072 o Username: username o Password: geomo499

2.7 Data Visualization

As described in the previous section, the data is aggregated at the Loadsensing website and stored in the cloud. For data visualization purposes, the web-based application eagle.io has been used to view data and set trigger alarms for each of the sensors. A more comprehensive eagle.io training document can be found in Attachment 5.

2.8 Accessing Data Loggers – Dlog

Data loggers are accessed using the supplied android phone and cable from Loadsensing. The phone and cable are in an orange hard-sided case that was left with BLM staff after the March 2021 instrument installation. The Loadsensing mobile application, Dlog, is installed on the phone and is used to interface with the Loadsensing sensors and data loggers installed onsite. To connect to a Loadsensing data logger or sensor, connect the USB-C end of the cable to the phone and the mini-USB end to the equipment.

Once connected, open the Dlog application to view the information on the connected equipment. When configuring data loggers to connect to the PPNM gateway, a gateway ID and password are needed for the gateway to give access to the data loggers.

Gateway/Network ID: 21572 Dataserver Password: Barr_PPNM

For details to configure a Loadsensing sensor or data logger please refer to the manual that is included in Attachment 4. A basic user guide for using the Dlog app for configuring the data loggers is included in Attachment 6.

2.9 Summary

Table 6 provides a summary of the sensors, data loggers and gateway onsite the make up the existing RBMS. RBMS ID numbers were assigned to each sensor, data logger and gateway within the RBMS.

Table 6 Rock Block Monitoring System (RBMS) Summary

RBMS ID Name Type Serial Number

100 Signature Block Top Data Logger VW Data Logger 36828

101 Signature Block 1 Top CM1 Crackmeter 2101223

102 Signature Block 1 Top CM2 Crackmeter 2101221

103 Signature Block 2 Top CM3 Crackmeter 2101222

104 Signature Block 2 East Face CM Crackmeter 1823702

105 Signature Block 2 East Face Data Logger VW Data Logger 23667

106 Signature Block 2 North Face CM Crackmeter 1823703

107 Signature Block 2 North Face Data Logger VW Data Logger 23493

108 Signature Block 2-3 North Face CM Crackmeter 2101225

109 Signature Block 2-3 North Face Data Logger Data Logger 28701

110 Signature Block 2 DM Laser Distance Meter 32258

111 Signature Block 1 DM1 Laser Distance Meter 32264

112 Signature Block 1 DM2 Laser Distance Meter 32264

113 Control CM Crackmeter 2101217

200 Turtle Rock Data Logger VW Data Logger 36444

201 Turtle Rock Block 1a CM Crackmeter 2101224

202 Turtle Rock Block 1b Top CM Crackmeter 1823724

203 Turtle Rock Block 3 Top CM Crackmeter 2101220

204 Turtle Rock Block 2a CM Crackmeter 2101218

205 Turtle Rock Block 2b Tiltmeter Tiltmeter 25547

300 Lower Rock Block 1 Tiltmeter Tiltmeter 13488

301 Lower Rock Block 2 Tiltmeter Tiltmeter 20315

302 Lower Rock Block 3 Tiltmeter Tiltmeter 20215

400 Weather Station Data Logger Digital Data Logger 34214

401 Weather Station Meteorological T0150935

500 PPNM Gateway Gateway 0x80D07B0

3 Instrumentation Systems Operations The following sections outline the operation of the RBMS at the PPNM site.

3.1 Organization and Structure

BLM staff will be responsible for the operation of the RBMS that has been implement at the site. The following is Barr’s understanding of the roles and responsibilities for BLM staff.

BLM Onsite Staff – Maintenance Staff

- Responsible for maintaining the website and checking in on the operation of the sensors

- Responsible for visual inspections of the site and maintenance of the system as described in

Section 4.

BLM Staff – Manager and/or District Engineer

- Responsible for managing the maintenance staff

- Responsible for reviewing data collected from RBMS

- Responsible for adherence to the TARP

3.2 Data Collection and Validation

Data is collected from each sensor at the site and is the posted to a Loadsensing server as described in Section 2.6. Once the data is posted to the server, a 3rd party software, eagle.io, is used to compute results from sensor values and visualize the data. The flow of data is illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Data Flow

3.3 Data Reporting

Data is stored and reported in eagle.io. Data is being collected on 1-hour intervals for all sensors and is being uploaded to eagle.io on the same 1-hour interval. The charts and dashboards on eagle.io can be configured based on each user and the access permission of that user. Generally, the plotting functions are reporting data collected from each sensor and grouped for the four main areas of the project:

Signature Block, Turtle Rock, Lower Rocks and the weather station.

There are typically multiple parameters associated with each sensor and data logger. Also described as each sensor or data logger makes multiple types of measurements. On eagle.io, these different types of measurements for the same sensor or data logger are denoted at the end of the name. Below is a list of different types of measurements that are taken by the RBMS.

BattV – battery voltage of a data logger, typically measured in volts.

Temp – temperature of the sensor or internal temperature of the data logger, typically measured in degrees Celsius.

Dig – signifying the unit digits, the raw sensor value for a vibrating wire crackmeter.

Dist – signifying distance, the raw sensor value for a laser distance meter, typically measured in meters.

Disp – signifying displacement, the engineering value for a crackmeter or laser distance meter, typically measured in millimeters.

Aaxis – signifying tilt along the A-axis or A-direction, typically measured in degrees.

Baxis – signifying tilt along the B-axis or B-direction, typically measured in degrees.

3.4 Data Management and Storage

The data is stored in eagle.io and can be accessed at any time through the historical data export function in eagle.io. The eagle.io database is the most up to date data management and storage location that includes both the raw and calculated values for each of the sensors. However, raw data can also be retrieved from the Loadsensing data server (Section 2.6) in CSV format.

3.5 Periodic Systems Adequacy and Update

It is recommended that the RBMS and its components be reviewed with the Engineer of Record, Itasca, and the instrumentation engineer on a basis of every 3 years to determine the adequacy of the system.

This is to ensure that the current technology used at the site is up to date and adequate based on the most current state of practice.

4 Instrumentation System Maintenance

4.1 Routine Preventative Maintenance

Routine preventative maintenance includes regularly scheduled battery replacements, visual inspection of the sensor installation locations, and visual inspection of the sensor cabling.

4.1.1 Battery Replacement

The vibrating wire data loggers, tiltmeters, and laser distance meters all require routine battery replacement. The manufacturer, Loadsensing, recommends using Saft LSH 14 3.6V C-size batteries for replacements in all Loadsensing equipment. Table 7 summaries the quantity and replacement schedule for the equipment installed onsite.

Table 7 Battery Replacement Schedule

Name Model Number of Batteries

Manufacturer Replacement Schedule at 1 Hour Sampling Rate1

Recommended Replacement

Schedule

Lower Rock Block 1 Tiltmeter

LS-G6-INC15 2 5 years

3 years

Lower Rock Block 2 Tiltmeter

LS-G6-INC15 2 5 years

Lower Rock Block 3 Tiltmeter

LS-G6-INC15 2 5 years

Turtle Rock Block 2b Tiltmeter

LS-G6-INC15 2 5 years

Signature Block 1 DM1 LS-G6-LASER 2 6 years

Signature Block 1 DM2 LS-G6-LASER 2 6 years

Signature Block 2 DM LS-G6-LASER 2 6 years

Signature Block 2-3 North Face-CM

LS-G6-VW-1M 1 7 years

Signature Block 2 North Face CM

LS-G6-VW-1M 1 7 years

Signature Block 2 East Face CM

LS-G6-VW-1M 1 7 years

Signature Top Block LS-G6-VW-5 4 >10 years

Turtle Rock LS-G6-VW-5 4 >10 years

1. Battery life recommended by Loadsensing for environmental conditions in Barcelona, Spain, may vary depending on site location.

Although the manufacturer has recommendations for battery life based on the number of batteries and sampling interval, it is recommended that batteries be replaced according to Table 7 due to different environmental conditions at the site. It is recommended that all batteries be replaced on a 3-year schedule to lessen the risk of data loss due to battery performance issues.

4.2 Instrument Calibration Procedures

All sensors and data loggers were calibrated at the manufacturer prior to shipment to the site. Onsite baseline calibrations were completed during installation for each of the sensors to “zero” out the sensors.

If sensors are removed from the currently installed locations, crackmeters should be installed such that there is 25 mm of range in both extension and retraction and tiltmeters should be installed as level as possible in both the A and B directions. A new “zero” value should be updated in eagle.io as described in Attachment 5. The manufacturer calibration sheets are included in Attachment 3.

4.3 Troubleshooting and Repairs

The following sections outline common troubleshooting and repair items for each of the sensors installed onsite.

4.3.1 Vibrating Wire Crack Meters

The following troubleshooting steps are an excerpt from the GEOKON 4420 Crackmeter Manual that is included in Attachment 4.

Issue: Thermistor Resistance is Too High or Too Low

- Check for an open circuit. Check all connections, terminals, and plugs to make sure there is no loose wires or connections.

- If resistance is too low, water may have penetrated the interior of the instrument and there is no remedial action that can be taken.

Issue: Instrument Readings are Unstable

- On the data logger, check to make sure the swept frequency excitation settings correct.

- Check to ensure that the shaft is not positioned outside of the specified range in either extension or retraction. When the shaft is fully retracted with the alignment pin inside the alignment slot, the readings will likely be unstable because the vibrating wire is under-tensioned.

- Check for sources of electrical noise nearby. Likely sources are generators, motors, arc welding equipment, high voltage lines, etc. If possible, move the instrument cable away from power lines and electrical equipment of install electronic filtering.

- Check that the shield drain wire is connected to the ground.

- Check the voltage on the data logger batteries to make sure the logger is functioning correctly and not in a low voltage state.

Issue: Instrument Fails to Read

- Check the voltage on the data logger batteries to make sure the logger is functioning correctly and not in a low voltage state.

- Check the cabling to see if it is cut or crushed. Connect an ohmmeter to the sensor leads. If the resistance is very high or infinite, the cable is likely broken. If the resistance is very low, the conductors may be shorted.

Vibrating Wire Sensor Lead Resistance Levels Red/Black ~180 Green/White 3000 at 25°C

Any other wire combination will result in a measurement of infinite resistance.

If it is found that the cable is damaged, the cable can be spliced according to the following guidelines.

The cable used for making splices should be high quality twisted pair type, with 100% shielding and an integral shield drain wire. When splicing, it is very important that the shield and the drain wires be spliced together. If using GEOKON bulk cable, always maintain polarity by connecting color to color. Splice kits recommended by GEOKON incorporate casts that are placed around the splice and are then filled with epoxy to waterproof the connections. When properly made, this type of splice is equal or superior to the cable strength and electrical properties. Contact GEOKON for splicing materials and additional cable splicing instructions.

4.3.2 Biaxial Tiltmeters

The following troubleshooting steps are an excerpt from the Loadsensing LS-G6 Wireless Tiltmeter User Guide that is included in Attachment 4.

Issue: Readings that Appear Unreliable

- Inspect the wireless tiltmeter’s mounting hardware and the structure where it is attached. Any compromise to or deformation of the mounting hardware can cause unstable readings.

- Check for dents on the tiltmeter enclosure that would indicate signs of impact.

- Check for any high vibration sources that are near the tiltmeter.

- Check for ingress of water into the tilt meter enclosure.

- Check antenna connection for damage from environmental damage.

4.3.3 Laser Distance Meters

The following troubleshooting steps are an excerpt from the Loadsensing LS-G6 Laser Node User Guide that is included in Attachment 4.

Issue: Readings that Appear Unreliable

- Inspect the laser node’s mounting hardware and the structure where it is attached. Any compromise to or deformation of the mounting hardware can cause unstable readings.

- Check for dents on the tiltmeter enclosure that would indicate signs of impact.

- Check for any high vibration sources that are near the laser distance meter.

- Check for ingress of water into the laser distance meter enclosure.

- If the signal strength drops below 2000 V, clean the surface of the laser node where the laser exits the node.

- Check antenna connection for damage from environmental damage.

- Check for any obstruction to the line of site for the laser to the measuring point on the rock face.

4.3.4 Meteorological Station

The following troubleshooting steps are an excerpt from the Vaisala WXT530 User Guide that is included in Attachment 4.

Problem Possible Causes Action(s)

Wind measurement failure. Both speed and direction units are replaced by a # sign or the data values are irrelevant

Blockage between wind transducers.

Remove blockage and check that the wind transducers are not damaged.

If the blockage is ice or snow it will melt after some time if heating is enabled.

If birds are causing the blockage, consider using the bird kit

Pressure, humidity, or temperature measurement failure. The unit is replaced by a # sign or the data values are irrelevant.

The PTU module may not be properly connected. There may be water in the PTU module.

Ensure the proper connection of the PTU module. Remove and dry the module.

No response to any commands

Wrong wiring or operation voltage not connected. Baud rate/start bits/parity/stop bit settings do not match between the device and the host.

Check the wiring, antenna connection, and operation voltage

4.3.5 Vibrating Wire Data Loggers

The following troubleshooting steps are an excerpt from the Loadsensing LS-G6 Vibrating Wire Node User Guide that is included in Attachment 4.

Issue: Readings that Appear Unreliable

- Check for dents on the tiltmeter enclosure that would indicate signs of impact.

- Check for any high vibration sources that are near the tiltmeter.

- Check for ingress of water into the tilt meter enclosure

- Check antenna connection for damage from environmental damage.

4.3.6 Gateway

The following troubleshooting steps are an excerpt from the Loadsensing LS-G6 Gateway User Guide that is included in Attachment 4.

Error Cause Solution

Connectivity error:

Gateway not available (connected from Ethernet interface)

Gateway not powered -Check that PoE injector us plugged in and LED is green (PoE powering)

Incorrect connection -Check connection of Ethernet cable to gateway -Check cables are connected from GW to “DATA & POWER OUT” at PoE injector, and “DATA IN” to Ethernet network.

Incorrect Boot -Check that Ethernet wiring is complete before restarting the gateway.

Incorrect Configuration

-Check that internet connection is not set by default, suing USB-Ethernet interface -Check PING to gateway IP -Check LAN access from the same subnet (https://21572).

-Check that gateway and DNS are correctly set

Networking Issues

-Check that the network has internet access through TCP22 port.

-Check that the configured network has access to internet -Check Proxy/Firewall and other network element configuration

Software Issues -Reset device (https://loadsensing.wocs3.com/21572/reboot.html)

Gateway offline periodically on non-internet-access installations

Internet WatchDog provokes periodical resets -Deactivate WatchDog (resets gateway every 40 minutes)

WEB error: “Internal Server Error”

Blocked application by excess of CPU usage -Reset device and check access again

Data: Health file of a node unavailable.

Data: Serial number of Node unavailable.

Node had higher version than the gateway -Request gateway upgrade from Worldsensing technical department

Data: Readings from a node are unavailable

Node has no battery or does not communicate -Check node troubleshooting

Node is not up-to-date -Set actual time and done of the node using DLog android application.

-Upgrade may be required

Data: Repeated TimeStamps on compacted files

The date and time of some nodes are not synchronized with the Gateway

-Set actual time and done of the node using DLog android application.

-Upgrade may be required

Compacted readings:

Last nodes are not appended

File has reached 600 columns (Maximum number of columns per

CSV)

-Retrieve data from Compacted Custom -Close and rename the existing CSV file on FTP site and change to 1000 Lines CSV

ModBUS: No data received and node type is displayed as ‘Unknown’

No data are available at ModBUS registers

-Check node radio connection to gateway.

-Check node’s ModBUS message timeout is not smaller than node sampling rate.

FTP: New readings are not appended to existing files

FTP Server Error -Check FTP configuration -Check that file is not corrupted -Check file read/write permissions -Erase file to be generated again

References

Pompeys Pillar National Monument Stabilization, Environmental Assessment: DOI-BLM-MT-C010-2022- 0002-EA, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Pompeys Pillar National Monument, February 2022. Date Accessed March 9, 2022.

Barr Engineering Co., Trigger Action Response Plan, April 12, 2022.

Attachments

Attachment 1 – Instrument Database

Attachment 2 – Instrument Location Figures

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Attachment 3 – Calibration Sheets

MANUFACTURER'S DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

Quality Assurance Procedures

Manufacturer’s Name: Worldsensing, S.L.

Responsible person / Title: Quality Assurance Department

Business Address: Viriat, 47, 10th floor, 08014 Barcelona. Spain

This is a declaration in accordance with the Quality System Management. We hereby declare that the devices mentioned below have been classified according to exhaustive quality rules. All products are manufactured and supervised under strict production methods. At a production level, each product undergoes through functional tests in order to ensure a compliant product.

Industrial Device: LS-G6-LASER

Serial Number(s):

32258 32260 32264 32291

QA Process and Traceability: All products have total traceability from initial design phase to final manufacturing. There is an absolute control of which production phase a specific product is in. All batches are traceable by individual serial numbers during the manufacturing processes.

Standards Applied: It has been applied to each Industrial device the Full Quality Assurance Procedures, and therefore, they comply with the applicable classification, security, and production processes. All products are manufactured using Lean methodologies. A complete quality inspection is done before shipment to the customer.

This declaration is being made on the basis of the following certificates:

Worldsensing, S.L., Viriat, 47, Edificio Numancia 1, 10th floor, 08014 Barcelona, Spain (+34) 93 418 05 85

Quality Management System Certificate:

We declare that we are committed to a quality management system based on the ISO 9001:2015 standard where all our processes are controlled following Worldsensing Quality Policy. All products have passed an exhaustive Quality Control during the manufacturing and verification processes and are ready for installation and operation in accordance with the standards.

Authorised Signatory:

Eduardo Córdoba

Quality Assurance Manager Barcelona, March 2022

Worldsensing, S.L., Viriat, 47, Edificio Numancia 1, 10th floor, 08014 Barcelona, Spain (+34) 93 418 05 85

Attachment 4 – Manufacturer Manuals

©20 , GEOKON. All rights reserved.

Document Revision: W | Release date: 8/4/20

Model 4420 Series Vibrating Wire Crackmeter

Instruction Manual

WARRANTY STATEMENT

GEOKON warrants its products to be free of defects in materials and workmanship, under normal use and service for a period of 13 months from date of purchase. If the unit should malfunction, it must be returned to the factory for evaluation, freight prepaid. Upon examination by GEOKON, if the unit is found to be defective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. However, the WARRANTY IS VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence of being damaged as a result of excessive corrosion or current, heat, moisture or vibration, improper specifi-cation, misapplication, misuse or other operating conditions outside of GEOKON's control. Components that wear or are damaged by misuse are not warranted. This includes fuses and batteries.

GEOKON manufactures scientific instruments whose misuse is potentially dangerous.

The instruments are intended to be installed and used only by qualified personnel.

There are no warranties except as stated herein. There are no other warranties, expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchant-ability and of fitness for a particular purpose. GEOKON is not responsible for any damages or losses caused to other equipment, whether direct, indirect, incidental, special or consequential which the purchaser may experience as a result of the instal-lation or use of the product. The buyer's sole remedy for any breach of this agreement by GEOKON or any breach of any warranty by GEOKON shall not exceed the purchase price paid by the purchaser to GEOKON for the unit or units, or equipment directly affected by such breach. Under no circumstances will GEOKON reimburse the claimant for loss incurred in removing and/or reinstalling equipment.

Every precaution for accuracy has been taken in the preparation of manuals and/or software, however, GEOKON neither assumes responsibility for any omissions or errors that may appear nor assumes liability for any damages or losses that result from the use of the products in accordance with the information contained in the manual or software.

No part of this instruction manual may be reproduced, by any means, without the written consent of GEOKON. The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, GEOKON assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions or misinterpretation. The information herein is subject to change without notification.

The GEOKON® wordmark and logo are registered trademarks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

I

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. INSTALLATION

2.1 PRELIMINARY TESTS

2.2 CRACKMETER INSTALLATION

2.2.1 ANCHORS

2.2.2 INSTALLATION USING WELDABLE FIXTURES

2.2.3 INSTALLATION USING GROUTABLE ANCHORS

2.2.4 INSTALLATION USING EXPANSION ANCHORS

2.3 SPECIAL INSTALLATION NOTE

3. INSTRUMENT PROTECTION

3.1 CABLE SPLICING AND TERMINATION

3.2 PROTECTION FROM MECHANICAL DAMAGE

3.3 CABLE AND CONNECTOR PROTECTION

3.4 PROTECTION FROM CORROSION

3.5 PROTECTION FROM ELECTRICAL NOISE

3.6 PROTECTION FROM SUNLIGHT AND TEMPERATURE CHANGES

3.7 LIGHTNING PROTECTION

4. TAKING READINGS

4.1 GK-404 VIBRATING WIRE READOUT

4.1.1 OPERATING THE GK-404

4.2 GK-405 VIBRATING WIRE READOUT

4.2.1 CONNECTING SENSORS WITH 10-PIN BULKHEAD CONNECTORS

ATTACHED

4.2.2 CONNECTING SENSORS WITH BARE LEADS

4.2.3 OPERATING THE GK-405

4.3 MEASURING TEMPERATURES

5. DATA REDUCTION

5.1 DISPLACEMENT CALCULATION

5.2 TEMPERATURE CORRECTION

5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

6. TROUBLESHOOTING

APPENDIX A. SPECIFICATIONS

APPENDIX B. THERMISTOR TEMPERATURE DERIVATION

II

APPENDIX C. MODEL 4420HT – HIGH TEMPERATURE VERSION

APPENDIX D. 3D MONITORING

D.1 ARRAY OF 3 CRACKMETERS

D.2 INSTALLING THE 3D ARRAY

D.3 MODEL 4420-3 CANTILEVER 3D ARRAY ALTERNATIVE

APPENDIX E. MODEL 4420-3 LOW PROFILE CRACKMETER

E.1 INSTALLATION

E.1.1 PRELIMINARY TESTS

E.1.2 CRACKMETER INSTALLATION

E.2 SPECIFICATIONS

E.3 THERMISTOR

E.4 TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTOR

III

FIGURES

FIGURE 1: MODEL 4420 VIBRATING WIRE CRACKMETER

FIGURE 2: MODEL 4420-3, -12.5, -25 DETAILED VIEW

FIGURE 3: ANCHOR TYPES WITH DIMENSIONS

FIGURE 4: INSTALLATION USING WELDABLE FIXTURES

FIGURE 5: INSTALLATION USING GROUTABLE ANCHORS

FIGURE 6: INSTALLATION USING EXPANSION ANCHORS

FIGURE 7: TYPICAL COVER PLATE INSTALLATION

FIGURE 8: LIGHTNING PROTECTION SCHEME

FIGURE 9: GK-404 READOUT

FIGURE 10: LEMO CONNECTOR TO GK-404

FIGURE 11: GK-405 READOUT

FIGURE 12: TYPICAL CRACKMETER CALIBRATION SHEET

FIGURE 13: TYPICAL 3D ARRAY - TOP VIEW

FIGURE 14: TYPICAL 3D ARRAY - FRONT VIEW

FIGURE 15: CANTILEVER 3D ARRAY - TOP VIEW

FIGURE 16: CANTILEVER 3D ARRAY, FRONT VIEW

FIGURE 17: MODEL 4420-3 VW LOW PROFILE CRACKMETER LAYOUT

FIGURE 18: CRACKMETER ASSEMBLY USING REFERENCE DISK

FIGURE 19: CRACKMETER ASSEMBLY WITH ONLY ONE ANCHOR

IV

TABLES

TABLE 1: CRACKMETER ANCHOR SPACING DISTANCES

TABLE 2: CRACKMETER READING RANGES

TABLE 3: DIMENSIONS OF EXTENDED RANGE COVERS

TABLE 4: ENGINEERING UNITS CONVERSION MULTIPLIERS

TABLE 5: THERMAL COEFFICIENT CALCULATION CONSTANTS

TABLE 6: MODEL 4420 CRACKMETER SPECIFICATIONS

TABLE 7: 3KΩ THERMISTOR RESISTANCE

TABLE 8: MODEL 4420HT 10KΩ THERMISTOR RESISTANCE

TABLE 9: 3D ARRAY, TYPICAL VERSION

TABLE 10: 3D ARRAY, CANTILEVER VERSION

TABLE 11: MODEL 4420-3 CRACKMETER SPECIFICATIONS

V

EQUATIONS

EQUATION 1: DIGITS CALCULATION

EQUATION 2: DISPLACEMENT CALCULATION

EQUATION 3: DISPLACEMENT CHANGE

EQUATION 4: THERMALLY-CORRECTED DISPLACEMENT CALCULATION

EQUATION 5: THERMAL COEFFICIENT CALCULATION

EQUATION 6: 3KΩ THERMISTOR RESISTANCE

EQUATION 7: MODEL 4420HT 10KΩ THERMISTOR RESISTANCE

EQUATION 8: DISPLACEMENT, CORRECTED FOR TEMPERATURE

VI

MODEL 4420 VIBRATING WIRE CRACKMETER | INTRODUCTION | 1

1. INTRODUCTION

GEOKON Model 4420 vibrating wire crackmeters are designed to measure movement across tension cracks in soils, joints in rock and concrete, construction joints in buildings, bridges, pipelines, dams, and more.

The instrument consists of a vibrating wire sensing element in series with a heat-treated, stress-relieved spring, which is connected to the wire at one end and to a connecting rod at the other. The unit is fully sealed and operates at pressures of up to 250 psi. As the connecting rod is pulled out from the gauge body, the spring is elongated causing an increase in tension, which is sensed by the vibrating wire element. The increase in tension (strain) of the wire is directly proportional to the extension of the shaft. This change in strain allows the Model

4420 to measure the opening of the joint very accurately.

1:

FIGURE 1: Model 4420 Vibrating Wire Crackmeter

Models 4420-3, 4420-12.5, and 4420-25 differ slightly from the standard crackmeter in that they provide for adjustment of the setting distance with a threaded extension rod and locking nut.

2:

FIGURE 2: Model 4420-3, -12.5, -25 Detailed View

CAUTION! Do not rotate the shaft of the crackmeter more than 180 degrees:

Doing so may cause irreparable damage to the instrument. Use the alignment pin on the transducer shaft and the slot on the body as a guide for alignment.

Never extend the crackmeter beyond its working range.

2 | INSTALLATION | GEOKON

2. INSTALLATION

2.1 PRELIMINARY TESTS

Check the gauge for proper operation when you receive it. Check the thermistor as well. The crackmeter normally arrives with its shaft secured at approximately

50% of its range.

For crackmeters with a range of 100 mm (4") or smaller, the shaft is secured using a dowel pin held in place by a piece of tape (see Figure 1).

For crackmeters with a range greater than 100 mm, a slotted sleeve made of

PVC secures the shaft.

These devices hold the crackmeter in tension to protect it during shipping. With the shipping spacers still in place, connect the gauge to a readout box and take a reading. (See Section 4.1 for readout instructions.) The reading should be stable and in the range of 4000 to 5000 digits. Please note that crackmeters with a 3 mm (.125") range are shipped with the push rod fully retracted and have no shipping spacer to remove. These gauges should read between 2000 to 3000 digits.

Check electrical continuity using an ohmmeter. Be sure to consider the following:

Resistance between the gauge leads should be approximately 180 ohms, ±10 ohms (128 ohms for the Model 4420HT).

Remember to add the cable resistance, which is approximately 14.7 per

1000 ft. (48.5 per km) of 22 AWG stranded copper leads at 20 °C.

Multiply this factor by two to account for both directions.

Resistance between the green and white conductors will vary based on temperature.

For standard crackmeters, refer to Table 7 in Appendix B.

For the 4420HT crackmeter, refer to Table 8 in Appendix C.

Resistance between any conductor and the shield should exceed two megohms.

Carefully remove the PVC slotted sleeve or dowel pin before proceeding further.

Hold the transducer shaft to prevent it from snapping into the transducer housing.

2.2 CRACKMETER INSTALLATION

For additional instructions Models 4420HT and 4420-3, see Appendix C and

Appendix E respectively. For additional instructions regarding 3D Arrays, see

Appendix D.

2.2.1 ANCHORS

Three types of anchors are available:

Weldable Mounting Fixture

Expansion Anchor

Groutable Anchor

MODEL 4420 VIBRATING WIRE CRACKMETER | INSTALLATION | 3

The weldable fixture is designed to aid in mounting the crackmeter on steel members. The machine bolt expansion anchors and groutable anchors are used to install the crackmeter on concrete or rock. The anchors are installed at the appropriate spacing distance, depending on the anticipated direction of movement (extension or compression). Refer to the table below.

3:

FIGURE 3: Anchor Types with Dimensions

Section 2.2.2 through Section 2.2.4 contain detailed instructions on each type of anchor. Section 2.3 contains special instructions on the following models:

4420-1-3 mm (.125")

4420-1-12.5 mm (.5")

4420-1-25 mm (1")

TABLE 1: Crackmeter Anchor Spacing Distances

When setting the gauge position using a portable readout, use the reading ranges in the table below to determine the proper position.

TABLE 2: Crackmeter Reading Ranges

Be sure to consider the following:

Note that the calibration sheet (see Figure 12) supplied with the crackmeter shows factory readings at zero, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the range of extension.

These readings can be used as a guide to set the crackmeter in any part of its range, either in anticipation of closure or opening of the crack.

Extend the crackmeter until the desired reading is obtained.

Model & Range 1: Midrange To Monitor Extension To Monitor Compression 4420-3 mm (.125") 292.6 mm (11.52") 291.1 mm (11.46") 294.1 mm (11.58")

4420-12.5 mm (.5") 317 mm (12.5") 310 mm (12.2") 325 mm (12.8")

4420-25 mm (1") 343 mm (13.5") 330 mm (13") 356 mm (14")

4420-50 mm (2") 396 mm (15.6") 371 mm (14.6") 422 mm (16.6")

4420-100 mm (4") 554 mm (21.8") 503 mm (19.8") 605 mm (23.8")

4420-150 mm (6") 645 mm (25.4") 569 mm (22.4") 721 mm (28.4")

4420-200 mm (8") 869 mm (34.2") 767 mm (30.2") 970 mm (38.2")

4420-300 mm (12") 1186 mm (46.7") 1034 mm (40.7") 1339 mm (52.7")

Note for Model 4420HT: Due to the U-joint configuration of 4420HT, the overall gauge assembly length is increased by 35 mm (1.375"). This length should be added to the anchor spacing distance shown above.

Approximate Midrange Reading 2: Approximate Reading to Monitor Extensions

Approximate Reading to Monitor Compressions

4500-5000 2500-3000 6500-7000

4 | INSTALLATION | GEOKON

Hold the crackmeter in this position while the distance between the cap screws is measured (set inside the swivel bearings, see Figure 1).

This measurement can serve as a spacing guide for drilling or welding the anchor points.

Use the alignment pin on the transducer shaft and slot on the body as a guide for alignment.

Do not rotate the shaft of the crackmeter more than 180 degrees.

Doing so may cause irreparable damage to the instrument.

2.2.2 INSTALLATION USING WELDABLE FIXTURES

4:

FIGURE 4: Installation using Weldable Fixtures

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Determine the proper setting distance using the spacings listed in Table 1.

2. Grind, sand, or otherwise prepare the surface of the steel around the area of each weldable fixture.

3. Position the welding fixtures on prepared surfaces.

4. Verify the placement again, then tack weld to the member.

5. Remove the PVC slotted sleeve or dowel pin securing the transducer shaft.

6. Thread the cap screw through the swivel bearing and through the half-inch spacer on each end.

7. Tighten the cap screws into the welding fixtures as depicted in Figure 4.

8. Check and record the reading with a portable readout. Use Table 2 or the readings on the calibration sheet to check the position.

2.2.3 INSTALLATION USING GROUTABLE ANCHORS

5:

FIGURE 5: Installation using Groutable Anchors

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Determine the proper setting distance using the spacings listed in Table 1.

MODEL 4420 VIBRATING WIRE CRACKMETER | INSTALLATION | 5

2. Using a hammer drill (or other suitable equipment), drill two half-inch diameter holes approximately three inches deep at the proper locations.

Shorter holes may be drilled if the anchors are cut down accordingly.

3. Push the cap screws through the swivel bearings and spacers on each end of the crackmeter and then loosely thread them into the groutable anchors.

4. For midrange position installations, secure the transducer shaft in place by leaving the PVC slotted sleeve or dowel pin installed.

5. Fill the holes three quarters full with grout or epoxy. For holes drilled overhead use a quick setting grout or epoxy.

6. Push and twist the anchors in until the tops are flush with the surface. Wipe any excess epoxy clear of the tops of the anchors.

7. After the grout or epoxy has set, install and tighten the set screws.

8. Remove the PVC slotted sleeve or dowel pin if it was not removed earlier.

9. Check and record the reading with a portable readout. Use Table 2 to check and adjust the position as needed.

2.2.4…