Attach__No__1B_-_Sample_Level_1_EBS.pdf

ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY

FOR

114th SPACE CONTROL SQUADRON

NEW MISSION BEDDOWN

CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, FL

PREPARED FOR:

Florida Air National Guard and United States Air Force (USAF), 45 Space Wing (SW)

PREPARED BY:

NOVEMBER 2016

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

Phase 1 Environmental Baseline Survey 114 SCS New Mission Beddown, Cape Canaveral AFS, FL i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

VZ Technologies, LLC was contracted by the United States Air Force, 45th Space Wing to perform and deliver an Environmental Baseline Survey (EBS) of the area known as the site of the former Rapid Attack Identification, Detection, and Reporting System (RAIDRS) at the Morrell Operations Center (MOC) on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Florida. This area will include only the RAIDRS site and adjacent areas within the MOC fenced facility.

Collectively this area will be referred to as the Subject Property. This site lies within Section 2, Township 24 South, Range 37 East in Brevard County, Florida. The 45 Space Wing is seeking to transfer this Subject Property to the 114th Florida Air National Guard for use as a new mission beddown. This EBS will provide all parties with a comprehensive evaluation that complies with and satisfies both Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-7066 “Environmental Baseline Surveys in Real Estate Transactions” (dated January 2015) and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) due diligence requirements for real property transactions.

E-1 Property Identification

The Subject Property is a currently inactive parcel of property adjacent to the MOC and within the MOC perimeter fence. This property is bordered by coastal scrub habitat to both the east and north. It is bordered by the MOC (Facility 81900) itself to the west, as well as a stormwater control system to the south. The Subject Property is largely developed land. This developed land includes paved areas, large gravel (rocked) areas, drainage swales, water retention areas, and maintained grassy areas. The Subject Property is currently only accessible thru the front gate at the MOC facility.

E-2 Site History and Operations

The MOC was built adjacent to the Subject Property in 1990. At that time, the Subject Property comprised of the existing natural scrub vegetation on the MOC’s eastern boundary.

The Subject Property was developed in 2012 in order to facilitate operations for the RAIDRS Block 10 (RB-10). This was an Air Force program designed to improve the Air Force’s ability to detect radio frequency interference that could affect the United States’ protected communication satellites. Designs for the program facilities were drawn up in 2011. Construction on facilities within the Subject Property ended in October 2012. At that time, the site was put into a testing and evaluation status. However, the program was never fully instituted and the facilities were never transferred into operational status. The program was terminated by Air Force Space Command and the Subject Property was left vacant until demolition of the site structures and facilities occurred in January 2016. Since that time, the Subject Property has stood devoid of structure or use, with the exception of one transformer (Facility 81915).

E-3 Proposed Future Use

The 114th Space Control Squadron of the Florida Air National Guard intends to use this property as a support facility for the 125th Fighter Wing. A 12,100 square foot facility will be designed ii and built on the property in order to support 24 hour a day operations by up to 88 full time Air National Guard staff. This facility will consist of space for Command and Administration, Operations, Maintenance, Security Forces, and Support staff.

E-4 Factors Evaluated

This EBS serves to document past and existing environmental conditions of the Subject Property and has determined the potential for contamination by hazardous substances, petroleum products, and other possible contaminants including migration of groundwater and soil contaminants from other sites.

Factors evaluated include: hazardous waste management plans, spill plans, stormwater control system permits, historic activities, storage tank locations, natural resource management plans, construction plans and as-built drawings, biological surveys, environmental analysis records, asbestos records, lead-based paint records, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) records, and other pertinent environmental factors. Current and discontinued permits pertaining to environmentally regulated activities such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, and hazardous waste management were also evaluated where available. Additionally, information gathered from the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) regarding Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs) factored into the evaluation.

E-5 Property Categorization

AFI 32-7066 (2015) establishes seven (7) property categorization codes to indicate the environmental condition associated with the real property. This EBS classifies each environmental impact at the property into one (1) of the seven (7) revised property categorization codes described below.

•Category 1 – Areas where no release, storage, or disposal of hazardous or petroleum substances has occurred (including no migration of these substances from adjacent areas).

• Category 2 – Areas where only release or disposal of petroleum substances has occurred.

• Category 3 – Areas where release, disposal and/or migration of hazardous substances has occurred, but at concentrations that do not require removal or remedial response.

• Category 4 – Areas where release, disposal and/or migration of hazardous substances has occurred, and all removal or remedial actions necessary to protect human health and the environment have been taken.

• Category 5 – Areas where release, disposal and/or migration of hazardous substances has occurred, and all removal or remedial actions are underway, but not yet taken.

• Category 6 – Areas where release, disposal and/or migration of hazardous substances has occurred, but required response actions have not yet been initiated.

• Category 7 – Areas that are not evaluated or require additional evaluation.

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E-6 Findings and Recommendations

The findings of this EBS will refer to the Subject Property as a whole. Although eleven (11) facilities formerly were located on the site, the site now stands empty with the exception of one transformer (Facility 81915).

During the preparation of this EBS, no evidence was revealed indicating that release or disposal of hazardous or petroleum substances has ever occurred on the Subject Property. Therefore, as the Subject Property stands vacant and the former facilities would have been categorized identically based on records found during the preparation of this EBS, it is the recommendation of this EBS that the Subject Property be classified as a Category 1- an area where no release, storage, or disposal of hazardous or petroleum substances has occurred (including no migration of these contaminants from adjacent areas).

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Table of Contents

SECTION 1.0 PURPOSE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Boundaries of the Property and Survey Area

SECTION 2.0 SURVEY METHODOLOGY

2.1 Approach and Rationale

2.2 Description of Documents Reviewed

2.3 Property Inspections/Personal Interviews

2.4 Sampling

SECTION 3.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION

3.1 History and Current Use

3.2 Environmental Setting

SECTION 4.0 PROPERTY CATEGORIZATION

SECTION 5.0 FINDINGS FOR SUBJECT PROPERTY

5.1 Visual Site Inspection

5.2 Hazardous Substances Notification

5.3 Petroleum Products and Derivatives

5.4 Environmental Restoration

5.5 Areas of Concern

5.6 Storage Tanks(s)

5.7 Oil Water Separator(s)

5.8 Grease Trap(s)

5.9 Wash rack(s)

5.10 Waste Tank(s)

5.11 Pesticides

5.12 Medical or Bio-hazardous Waste

5.13 Radioactive Waste

5.14 Solid/Municipal Waste

5.15 Indoor Air Quality

5.16 Groundwater

5.17 Wastewater Treatment, Collection and Disposal/Discharge

5.18 Drinking Water Quality

5.19 Utilities (Energy)

5.20 Asbestos

5.21 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

5.22 Radon

5.23 Lead-Based Paint

5.24 Cultural Resources

5.25 Floodplains

5.26 Natural /Biological Resources

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SECTION 6.0 APPLICABLE REGULATORY COMPLIANCE ISSUES

6.1 List of Compliance Issues

SECTION 7.0 FINDINGS FOR ADJACENT PROPERTIES

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Adjacent Environmental Data Resources (EDR) Survey Properties

7.3 Findings/Impact

SECTION 8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

SECTION 9.0 CERTIFICATIONS

9.1 Certification of the Environmental Baseline Survey

Appendices

Appendix A: Terms

Appendix B: Maps and Figures

Appendix C: Aerial and Site Photos

Appendix D: References

Appendix E: Interviews

SECTION 1.0 PURPOSE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE

SURVEY

1.1 Introduction

VZ Technologies, LLC was contracted by the U.S. Air Force, 45th Space Wing to perform and deliver an Environmental Baseline Survey of the area known as the site of the former Rapid Attack Identification, Detection, and Reporting System adjacent to the Morrell Operations Center on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. This area will include only the RAIDRS site and adjacent areas within the MOC fenced facility. Collectively this area will be referred to as the Subject Property. The 45th Space Wing is seeking to transfer this Subject Property to the 114th Space Control Squadron of the Florida Air National Guard for use as a new mission beddown. The Subject Property is bordered by a stormwater control system to the south, coastal scrub habitat (undeveloped land) to the north and east, and the MOC itself on the west.

At the current time, the Florida Air National Guard proposes to enter into a permit agreement with the United States Air Force, USAF for the use of the Subject Property as a new mission beddown area.

Typically, an EBS is prepared prior to property transfer of federally owned property. The purpose of this EBS will be to identify any recognized environmental conditions created by past and current practices, in addition to any adjacent properties, which may have impacted the Subject Property.

This EBS will follow the guidelines outlined set forth in Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-7066, Environmental Baseline Surveys in Real Estate Transactions (2015), as well as those set forth in Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 32-70 Environmental Quality, which largely outlines the roles and responsibilities of an EBS.

The Subject Property was the site of eleven (11) facilities, all but one of which have now been demolished (2016). Within this document, the word facility or facilities will be used to note these structures. Collectively, they along with the rest of the property under evaluation will be referred to as the Subject Property.

1.2 Boundaries of the Property and Survey Area

The Subject Property proposed for transfer includes the site of the former RAIDRS facility and some additional surrounding land within the MOC perimeter fence. A map of the Subject Property location is provided in Appendix B (Figure 2).

SECTION 2.0 SURVEY METHODOLOGY

2.1 Approach and Rationale

This EBS was prepared in order to document the level of known existing environmental contamination and/or hazards, and is designed to outline and authenticate an environmental baseline for the Subject Property, using proper due diligence. It is the intention of this document to properly identify possible environmental concerns, by notifying the USAF and Florida Air

National Guard of the release, storage, or disposal of any hazardous substances on the Subject Property. This is in accordance with Section 120(h)(1) of the CERCLA (42 United States Code (U.S.C.) 9620(h)(1)).

In order to properly review the history of the Subject Property, existing historical documents were procured and reviewed, interviews with individuals familiar with the past history of the property were conducted, and a visual, onsite inspection was carried out. Data was gathered from federal databases, in addition to data gathered from other approved government sources.

All conclusions presented in this report are based on data gathered directly from such sources and are presumed accurate. VZ Technologies, LLC has diligently labored to produce a highly reliable document from as accurate information as could be procured. This report is intended for sole use by the USAF and the Florida Air National Guard. Use by any other parties, without the explicit authorization of the USAF is not approved.

2.2 Description of Documents Reviewed

The following documents were reviewed during the preparation of this Environmental Baseline Survey:

Acquisition Civil/Environmental Engineering, Space and Missile Systems Center.

Environmental Assessment for Rapid Attack Identification, Detection, and Reporting System, Block 10, May 07

AF Form 813, Request for Environmental Impact Analysis: Beddown of New Mission, Conversion of 114th Range Operations Squadron (ROPS) to 114th Space Control Squadron (114 SCS), Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), Fl. 05 Mar 15

Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-7006, Environmental Baseline Surveys in Real Estate Transactions, 26 Jan 15

Air Force Instruction (AFI) 32-1067, Water and Fuel Systems, 04 Feb, 15

Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 32-70: Environmental Quality, 20 July 94

American Society for Testing and Materials Practice (ASTM) E 1527-13, Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process

Installation Restoration Program Fact Sheets for Solid Waste Management Units within

0.5 Mile

Morgan & Associates, Inc. AGS (RAIDRS) Final As-built Survey. 31 Aug 2012

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climate Database

United States Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory Online, 08 Sep 16

United States Department of Agricultural Online Soil Survey, 19 Nov 15

United States Environmental Protection Agency Map of Radon Zones

Universal Engineering Services. Preliminary Subsurface Exploration: Proposed Dry Retention Basin. Facility No. 81900 (MOC). 4 Sep 12

Weston Solutions, Inc. Environmental Resource Permit Application: CCAFS AGS Site (40-099-32619-2), June 11

45 Space Wing Instruction (SWI) 32-7001, Exterior Lighting Management

45 Space Wing Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan, Sep 15

45 Space Wing Waste Petroleum Products and Hazardous Waste Management Plan 14-19, Jun 16

40 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) 312

2.3 Property Inspections/Personal Interviews

40 CFR 312.27 mandates that a physical site inspection of the Subject Property be conducted as part of the EBS preparation process. In accordance with this requirement, a physical inspection of the Subject Property was conducted on September 15, 2016. Interviews with appropriate personnel/authorities were conducted during the course of investigation in order to gain insight and data on the Subject Property and identify any possible environmental concerns associated therewith, in accordance with 40 CFR 312.23. A listing of these personal interviews conducted is presented in Appendix E.

2.4 Sampling

As this is a Phase 1 EBS, no sampling was conducted at the Subject Property. Additionally, no evidence was discovered indicating that sampling at the site has occurred under any other programs. Groundwater sampling is being conducted by the IRP at SWMU sites within nearby areas. Further information about these SWMU sites is provided in Section 7.2.1 and a map is provided in Appendix B (Figure 4).

SECTION 3.0 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION

3.1 History and Current Use

In 1843, initial development of Cape Canaveral occurred with the construction of a lighthouse.

Residential development began in 1853 and continued to the late 1940s. CCAFS is located on the East Coast of the Canaveral peninsula (Barrier Island) within Brevard County, Florida and occupies approximately 15,804 acres of land. CCAFS construction began in 1949. CCAFS has been home to numerous government and commercial space launch programs.

3.1.1 Historic

Cape Canaveral Air Force Station was established in 1949 in order to facilitate U.S. missile testing programs and serve as ground zero for the fledgling U.S. Space Program. Since that time, CCAFS has been the premier gateway for U.S. rocket launches. The land encompassing CCAFS has been entirely under federal jurisdiction since that time.

3.1.1.1 Historic Operations and Land Use

The MOC was built adjacent to the Subject Property in 1990. In 2012 the Subject Property was developed (from undeveloped land), and the RAIDRS site was constructed. The RAIDRS project consisted of eleven (11) listed facilities, which were in fact nine (9) antenna support structures, one (1) equipment pad, and one (1) transformer. These structures remained until 2016, although, the RAIDRS program never became operational. A map of the Subject Property and layout of the facilities as constructed is provided in Appendix B (Figure 3).

3.1.1.2 Demolitions

The RAIDRS project and associated facilities were completely demolished by 45 Civil Engineering Squadron (CES) in January 2016. There are no longer any remains of the eleven

(11) original facilities, with the exception of one transformer (Facility 81915).

3.1.2 Current Operations and Land Use

Since the demolition of all eleven (11) facilities associated with RAIDRS, the Subject Property has remained empty and devoid of use. The site is encompassed by perimeter fencing that also surrounds the entirety of the MOC compound.

3.2 Environmental Setting

The Canaveral Barrier Island is 4.5 miles wide at its widest point, and has typical strand-type land surfaces that range in elevation from sea level to +20 feet mean sea level (MSL), with an average land surface of +10 feet MSL. Higher, naturally occurring elevations are found along the eastern portion of CCAFS, with surface elevations sloping gently towards the Banana River Lagoon to the west. The topography of CCAFS is essentially flat, with topographic relief ranging from +5 feet MSL to +15 feet MSL. The soils at CCAFS comprise of Canaveral sand, Palm Beach sand, and Welaka sand associations, and typically feature moderately well drained to excessively drained silty, clayey, and poorly graded sands. A Natural Resource Conservation Service Custom Soil Resource Report, depicting soils types within the area being analyzed by this EBS, is shown in Appendix B (Figure 5).

3.2.1 Climate

According to National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (Climate Zones map), the Subject Property, on CCAFS, lies within the Humid Subtropical climate zone. The climate is relatively humid with hot summers and relatively mild winters. Occasional tropical systems impact the area and thunderstorms are prevalent during the summer. Localized rainfall can be heavy during the onset of summer thunderstorms and tropical systems. The National Oceanic & Atmospheric

Administration Climate Database reveals that Florida has an annual mean temperature of just over 71 degrees Fahrenheit. This temperature is often significantly higher during the summer months.

3.2.2 Soils

A Custom Soil Resource Report for the area of the Subject Property was obtained from the U.S.

Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service. Based on this report, the entirety of the Subject Property is filled with soils labeled as Palm Beach Sand. Palm Beach Sand is generally classified as excessively drained soils, with up to 5% slope. These soils typically have a high capacity to transmit water and are not prone to flooding. The USDA Soil Survey of Brevard County, FL (November 1974) identifies rapid permeability as a characteristic of this soil type, which belongs to hydrologic group A. Soil borings conducted during analysis for initial stormwater permitting confirm this analysis. The Subject Property lies on CCAFS, a barrier island, which is bordered by the Banana River to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The close proximity of these major water bodies, however, has little influence on the hydrology underling the Subject Property. A Custom Soil Resource Report is included in Appendix B (Figure 5).

3.2.3 Geology/Hydrogeology

A preliminary subsurface exploration was conducted adjacent to the Subject Property in 2012, in preparation for stormwater permitting. At that time, two (2) Standard Penetration Test (SPT) borings and four (4) auger-type borings were conducted which revealed the subsurface layers to be largely, fine sands with broken shell. These layers were also classified to have rapid permeability, consistent with the Custom Soil Resource Report provided in Appendix B which refers to the area as being largely Palm Beach Sand.

3.2.4 Topography

The topography surrounding the Subject Property is extremely flat, with little change in elevation. According to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data, CCAFS maintains elevations below 10 feet. A USGS Quadrangle digital elevation map provided by USGS portrays the areas surrounding the Subject Property as being between 5-10 feet above sea level. This USGS Quadrangle digital elevation map is provided in Appendix B (Figure 6). Furthermore, a USGS Quadrangle elevation map of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is also provided in Appendix B (Figure 7).

SECTION 4.0 PROPERTY CATEGORIZATION

The EBS has been performed in conformance with AFI 32-7066 and AFPD 32-70, for the Subject Property. Property categorization for an EBS requires areas where hazardous and petroleum substances have been stored, released, or disposed of, as well as, all contaminated property be identified under CERCLA 120(h)(1) – 120(h)(4).

The findings of this EBS will refer to the Subject Property as a whole. Although eleven (11) facilities formerly were located on the site, the site now stands empty with the exception of one transformer (Facility 81915).

During the preparation of this EBS, no evidence was revealed indicating that release or disposal of hazardous or petroleum substances has ever occurred on the Subject Property. Therefore, as the Subject Property stands vacant and the former facilities would have been categorized identically based on records found during the preparation of this EBS, it is the recommendation of this EBS that the Subject Property be classified as a Category 1- an area where no release, storage, or disposal of hazardous or petroleum substances has occurred (including no migration of these substances from adjacent areas).

SECTION 5.0 FINDINGS FOR SUBJECT PROPERTY

5.1 Visual Site Inspection

A Visual Site Inspection (VSI) was conducted by VZ Technologies, LLC on September 15, 2016. VZ Technologies, LLC personnel inspected the area for signs of contamination, erosion, unnatural drainage issues, or any other signs that could indicate possible areas of environmental concern. The VSI revealed that there were no materials or debris on the Subject Property and that the Subject Property was devoid of structures, with the exception of one transformer (Facility 81915). No evidence of inappropriate use of the property was revealed. The property is mainly flat and is covered in medium sized white gravel-rock. Some small areas of water ponding within the rocked areas were noted. The storm water system along the western edge of the Subject Property was inspected and found to be in proper working order with no evidence of erosion. Photo documentation of the VSI is provided in Appendix C.

5.2 Hazardous Substances Notification

All hazardous waste substances on CCAFS are monitored and regulated by 45 Space Wing Waste Petroleum Products and Hazardous Waste Management Plan 19-14.

5.2.1 Storage of Hazardous Substances

A comprehensive review of Air Force records has revealed that the Subject Property has never been a site for the storage of hazardous substances.

5.2.2 Hazardous Substances Released

The 45 Space Wing spill database contains thorough records of spills of hazardous substances on CCAFS that have occurred since 1989. A comprehensive review of these Air Force spill records has revealed that there have been no known releases of hazardous substances or contaminants within the boundary of the Subject Property.

5.2.3 Hazardous and Petroleum Waste

There is no documentation to suggest that hazardous or petroleum waste has ever been stored on the Subject Property. In addition, no evidence of petroleum staining was observed during the

VSI. Additionally, interviews with program familiar personnel reveal that no hazardous or petroleum waste was ever generated by operations onsite.

5.3 Petroleum Products and Derivatives

The RAIDRS program initially had expected to generate used engine oil, ethylene glycol-based coolant from diesel generators, and used batteries. However, since the RAIDRS program was only tested, and never entered the operational phase on the Subject Property, it is improbable that such wastes were generated and no records have been found indicating that there were ever illicit discharges of such materials on the property. During the VSI, the Subject Property was inspected for evidence of petroleum or contaminant staining. None was observed. Additionally, interviews with program familiar personnel revealed that although elements of the RAIDRS program were tested, no hazardous materials were ever stored onsite and, likewise, no hazardous or petroleum waste was ever generated onsite.

5.4 Environmental Restoration

The 45 Space Wing maintains an Installation Restoration Program, tasked with coordinating and managing contaminated sites on CCAFS.

5.4.1 Environmental Restoration Program (ERP) Sites

A review of Air Force, Installation Restoration Program records indicates that there are no SWMU sites on or directly adjacent to the Subject Property. However, eight (8) SWMU sites exist within a 0.5 mile radius of the Subject Property. Further information is provided on these SWMU sites in Section 7.0.

5.4.2 Military Munitions Response Program Sites

There has been no evidence discovered to indicate that the Subject Property is, or has ever been a part of the Military Munition Response Program.

5.5 Areas of Concern

During the preparation of this EBS, there has been no evidence discovered indicating the presence of any areas of concern (AOCs) either on the Subject Property or immediately adjacent to the Subject Property. Environmental contamination has occurred at eight (8) SWMU sites within a 0.5 mile radius of the Subject Property. These areas include areas of potential concern.

None of these sites, however, are immediately adjacent to the Subject Property, and none are believed to be allowing contaminants to be migrating towards it.

5.6 Storage Tanks(s)

The 45 Space Wing maintains a storage tank program tasked with monitoring and inspecting all storage tanks on CCAFS.

5.6.1 Aboveground Storage Tanks

The Environmental Support Contract (ESC) maintains a storage tank oversight program which manages a comprehensive database of storage tanks on CCAFS. After review of the 45 Space Wing’s tank database and management program and an interview with the manager of the program, it is apparent that there have never been any aboveground storage tanks present on the Subject Property.

5.6.2 Underground Storage Tanks

ESC maintains a storage tank oversight program which manages a comprehensive database of storage tanks on CCAFS. After review of the ESC’s tank database and management program and an interview with the manager of the program, it is apparent that there have never been any underground storage tanks present on the Subject Property.

5.6.3 Pipelines, Hydrant Fueling, and Transfer Systems

No hydrant fueling systems were discovered or reported to have ever been utilized on the Subject Property.

5.7 Oil Water Separator(s)

According to construction details and as-built drawings of the RAIDRS facilities, no oil water separators were ever constructed or operated on the Subject Property.

5.8 Grease Trap(s)

According to construction details and as-built drawings of the RAIDRS facilities, no grease traps were ever constructed or operated on the Subject Property.

5.9 Wash rack(s)

According to construction details and as-built drawings of the RAIDRS facilities, no wash racks were ever constructed on the Subject Property.

5.10 Waste Tank(s)

ESC maintains a storage tank oversight program which manages a comprehensive database of storage tanks on CCAFS. After review of ESC’s tank database and management program and an interview with the manager of the program, it is apparent that there have never been any waste tanks present on the Subject Property.

5.11 Pesticides

There is no documentation or evidence indicating that pesticides were ever stored on the Subject Property.

5.11 Military Munitions/Ordnance

There is no documentation or evidence indicating that military munitions/ordnance were ever produced or stored at the Subject Property.

5.12 Medical or Bio-hazardous Waste

The 45 Space Wing Hazardous Waste Management Program maintains comprehensive records on waste generation on CCAFS. After comprehensive review of the Hazardous Waste Management Program’s records, it is apparent that, there is no documentation or evidence indicating that medical or bio-hazardous waste was ever stored at the Subject Property.

5.13 Radioactive Waste

The 45 Space Wing Hazardous Waste Management Program maintains comprehensive records on waste generation on CCAFS. After comprehensive review of the Hazardous Waste Management Program’s records, it is apparent that, there is no documentation or evidence indicating that radioactive waste was ever stored at the Subject Property.

5.14 Solid/Municipal Waste

The VSI revealed that there was no solid waste onsite. Furthermore, as the site is empty and within a highly restricted area, solid waste generation on the Subject Property is not a concern at this time.

5.15 Indoor Air Quality

The Asbestos National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) enacted in 1973 established federal guidelines for indoor air quality, regarding asbestos. The RAIDRS project was constructed on the Subject Property in 2012. Because of the time period it was constructed in, none of the facilities associated with it would be old enough to have any Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) used during construction. Additionally, these facilities have since been demolished. Asbestos records maintained by ESC, do not reference any of the facilities as containing ACM.

Additionally, operations from RAIDRS operations at the Subject Property were never expected to exceed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), such as the standard for carbon monoxide (35 parts per million averaged over 1 hour and 9 ppm averaged over 8 hours) and were likewise never expected to exceed state ambient air quality standards. Furthermore, the program was never designated as operational.

5.16 Groundwater

Review of Air Force records does not indicate that the Subject Property, nor any directly adjacent properties, have ever been the site of groundwater monitoring. This is likely due to the site’s age and also to the fact that no operations have ever occurred on the site which would lead the Air Force to suspect groundwater contamination at the site. Historical Air Force spill records have not revealed any release of contaminant on the Subject Property. This fact, coupled with the minimal likelihood of contaminant migration from offsite are likely reasons why groundwater monitoring efforts have not been conducted within this area. Groundwater monitoring for contaminants does occur at SWMU sites on CCAFS. There are eight (8) SWMU sites located within a 0.5 mile radius of the Subject Property. Further information on these SWMU sites is provided in 7.2.1 and a map is provided documenting their locations in Appendix B (Figure 4).

5.17 Wastewater Treatment, Collection and Disposal/Discharge

There is currently no wastewater connection on the Subject Property. An adjacent facility, the MOC (Facility 81900), is connected to the CCAFS wastewater treatment system.

Domestic wastewater treatment was regionalized at CCAFS starting in 1995. All domestic waste is collected and piped to the CCAFS Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility (WWTF) on Scrub Jay Road, north of the Cape Industrial Area. The CCAFS Regional WWTF is currently operating under Florida Department of Environmental Protection permit FL0102920 issued on April 26, 2015 and expiring on April 25, 2020.

5.17.1 Storm Water

A stormwater control system, permitted by the St Johns River Water Management District (40- 009-32619) lies along and adjacent to the Subject Property. The southern and western edges of the Subject Property are bordered by this system. In 2011-2012, this stormwater system was modified to accommodate the RAIDRS facilities and accommodate excess water volume incurred by development of the property. The VSI, conducted on September 15, 2016, revealed the system to be in proper working order with minimal erosion. Photos of the system are included in Appendix C. Minimal standing water was also noted outside the stormwater system at that time. A photo of this is also included in Appendix C.

5.17.2 Septic Tanks and Leach Fields

There is no documentation or evidence indicating that there was ever any septic structures or leach fields present at the Subject Property.

5.18 Drinking Water Quality

There are currently no potable water connections on the Subject Property. An adjacent facility, the MOC (Facility 81900), is connected to the CCAFS potable water system.

The CCAFS potable water system, ID# FL3054140, is a non-transient, non-community water supply system which is consecutive to the City of Cocoa potable water system, ID# FL3050223.

The City of Cocoa produces water at the Claude H. Dyal water plant from a mixture of surface and groundwater. Water enters the CCAFS system from the Cocoa interconnect near Gate 2 at the southern end of the base. All potable water is monitored in conjunction with Florida Department of Health (FDOH) and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) requirements at CCAFS. Unless otherwise identified, water at CCAFS is considered potable and safe to drink.

5.19 Utilities (Energy)

CCAFS receives its electricity from Florida Power & Light (FPL). An electrical transformer, (Facility 81915), is present on the Subject Property.

5.20 Asbestos

ESC maintains asbestos data on Air Force facilities. A comprehensive search of these Air Force records revealed that there were no known ACMs used in the construction of any of the facilities within the Subject Property. Furthermore, because the facilities were constructed in 2012, it would likely not have been possible to use ACM materials in the construction. Additionally, these facilities have since been demolished.

5.21 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

There is no documentation indicating PCBs were ever present on the Subject Property. The RAIDRS project was not constructed until 2012. Although construction included installation of transformers, ESC records indicate that CCAFS transformers have been PCB-compliant since approximately August of 1997.

5.22 Radon

No records have been discovered that indicate radon screening has ever occurred on the Subject Property. CCAFS lies within Brevard County, which has been designated as Zone 3 by the Environmental Protection Agency for Radon Potential. This indicates predicted indoor radon screening levels less than 2 Picocuries per Liter (pCi/L). An EPA map of Radon Zones is provided in Appendix D (Figure 8).

5.23 Lead-Based Paint

No records of Lead-Based Paint being used at the Subject Property have been discovered. Based on the year the facilities associated with the RAIDRS project were constructed (2012), it is highly unlikely that Lead Based Paint was used. Additionally, these facilities have since been demolished.

5.24 Cultural Resources

The Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP) for CCAFS outlines a long-term plan for the 45 Space Wing to manage cultural resources in compliance with relevant statutes, executive orders, presidential memoranda, regulations, and Air Force-specific requirements. The ICRMP integrates the 45 Space Wing cultural resources management program with ongoing mission activities for sustainability while conserving and protecting cultural resources.

5.24.1 Prehistoric Resources

Comprehensive review of historical record has revealed that there are no known prehistorical resources within or adjacent to the Subject Property.

5.24.2 Historic Structures and Resources

The Subject Property is not currently considered a historic complex and there are no known historic resources or structures associated within this area. If at any time, historic or cultural artifacts are discovered at this location, coordination with the 45 Space Wing Natural Resource Office, Cultural Resource Manager is required.

5.24.3 Paleontological Resources

There are currently no known paleontological sites associated with the Subject Property.

5.25 Floodplains

Based on U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) floodplain maps, it does not appear that the Subject Property lies within any known floodplains. A map utilizing FEMA floodplains data around the Subject Property is provided in Appendix B (Figure 9).

5.26 Natural /Biological Resources

CCAFS is rich in natural and biological resources. Protection of these resources is critical to maintaining an ecologically-balanced habitat.

5.26.1 Sensitive Habitat

The areas around the Subject Property are classified by the 45 Space Wing’s Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan (45 SW-INRMP) as Scrub. According to the 45 SW-INRMP, Scrub habitat is a community composed of evergreen shrubs, with or without a canopy of pines, and is typically found on dry, acid, sandy ridges. Characteristic species of this upland community include Florida rosemary, sand pine, myrtle oak, live oak, and Chapman’s oak. Rusty staggerbush and saw palmetto are also frequently observed in this community.

The beaches along CCAFS exist as important nesting grounds for several species of protected sea turtles. Artificial lighting along the coast can negatively impact the normal activities of these sea turtles. Any proposed artificial lighting at the Subject Property must be coordinated with the 45 CES/CEIE, prior to installation to ensure compliance with 45 Space Wing Instruction (SWI) 32-7001, Exterior Lighting Management.

5.26.2 Threatened and Endangered Species

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 (16 United States Code [USC] 1531 et seq.) is the primary law that addresses biological resources. The following threatened species are of concern in and around the Subject Property:

The Florida Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) is a threatened species according to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWCC). CCAFS is known to be Scrub Jay habitat, however, a review of historic Scrub Jay data has revealed that the area directly around the Subject Property is not used by Scrub Jays. Currently, the nearest active group of Scrub Jays is located 0.5 mile to the north of the Subject Property.

The Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) is listed as a threatened Species by the FWCC.

Gopher Tortoises are common in the vicinity of the Subject Property. A biological survey was conducted by Air Force biologists on October 7, 2014 in order to determine the presence of threatened species near the site. At that time, one active gopher borrow was surveyed near the site.

The Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon corais couperi) is listed as both a federal and state threatened listed species. Eastern Indigo Snakes favor habitat that is similar to that favored by Gopher Tortoises. No Eastern Indigo Snakes were observed during the biological survey.

The Southeastern Beach Mouse (Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris) is a federal listed threatened species that is native to the coastlines of CCAFS. There were also no Southeastern Beach Mice observed during the biological survey.

Several species of protected sea turtles, including Loggerhead (Caretta caretta), Green (Chelonia mydas), and Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) Turtles use the coastal beach habitat of CCAFS as nesting grounds. Theses protected turtles are not expected to be within the vicinity of the Subject Property.

Numerous bird species federally protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act are known to nest and/or reside within CCAFS. These species could be found within the habitat adjacent to the Subject Property at any time.

The presence of federally and state protected species must be disclosed to the Grantee during the real property transaction. Air Force biologists with 45 CES/CEIE conduct natural resource surveys prior to all construction activities as part of the work clearance process. At this time, if threatened & endangered species are located, the biologists will advise of protective measures to minimalize impact to the species or will relocate the affected species. Such activities could include relocation of gopher tortoises which would be required for any activity involving ground disturbance.

5.26.3 Wetlands

According to the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) website, established by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, neither the Subject Property nor any areas adjacent to it are designated as wetlands. Additionally, the VSI revealed that no wetlands are present at nor directly adjacent to the Subject Property. A permitted stormwater system, however, does exist at the site. A NWI map showing the Subject Property and adjacent areas is included for reference in Appendix B (Figure 10).

5.26.4 Floodplains

As discussed in Section 5.25, and based on U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) floodplain maps, it does not appear that the Subject Property lies within any known floodplains. A map utilizing FEMA floodplains data around the Subject Property is provided in Appendix B (Figure 9).

SECTION 6.0 APPLICABLE REGULATORY COMPLIANCE ISSUES

6.1 List of Compliance Issues

Several management plans and permits exist for entities operating on CCAFS. This would include any former and future occupants of the Subject Property.

An Environmental Resource Permit (stormwater) exists for the area encompassing the Subject Property. This permit is entitled 40-009-32619 and is permitted through the St Johns River Water Management Agency. Information regarding this permit can be accessed through the ESC’s Water Resources Department.

Petroleum waste and hazardous waste generation and storage on CCAFS are regulated by the 45 Space Wing Waste Petroleum Products and Hazardous Waste Management Plan 19-14.

All air emission units under Air Force control, on CCAFS, are regulated by Title V Air Operation Permit: 0090005-016-AV.

In addition all federal and state environmental regulations apply, including the Clean Air Act (1955), Clean Water Act (1972), Safe Drinking Water Act (1974), Comprehensive Environment Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, Endangered Species Act (1978), National Environmental Policy Act (1969), National Historic Preservation Act (1966), Pollution Prevention Act (1990), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, and Water Quality Act of 1987.

SECTION 7.0 FINDINGS FOR ADJACENT PROPERTIES

7.1 Introduction

The Subject Property is encompassed by land to the east and north which is primarily natural, scrub habitat. This habitat is described in length in Section 5.26.1. The western border of the Subject Property lies on the eastern edge of MOC facility (Facility 81900). To the south, the Subject Property is bordered by a permitted stormwater control system and additional scrub habitat.

7.2 Adjacent Environmental Data Resources (EDR) Survey Properties

An Environmental Data Resource Survey was not conducted for this EBS. Adjacent properties were researched within the respective databases appropriate for the subjects being investigated.

7.2.1 Federal Databases

A comprehensive search of federal databases has revealed environmental impacts associated with facilities and properties adjacent to the Subject Property.

The 45 Space Wing spill database has referenced several historical events at nearby facilities where contaminants have been reported as being discharged onto the ground. A summary of reported spill events at adjacent facilities is provided in the tables below.

Facility: 81900

Substance Regulatory Synonym

CAS

Registry Number

Quantity Date Hazardous Waste ID

Comments

Hydraulic Oil N/A Varies ~1 gallon 13 Aug 97 Solidified, None

A leak in an elevator lift system resulted in the release of ~ 1 gallon of hydraulic oil.

Acid N/A N/A ~0.49 lbs 16 May 98 N/A An internal short caused overheating and expulsion of the acid through a hole in the case. ~ 0.49 lbs. of acid was release to the concrete on the ground

Gasoline 86290-81-5 N/A ~0.25 gallons

23 Nov 00 N/A A fuel line on a personal vehicle leaked in the parking lot. ~0.25 gallon of fuel was leaked. The owner was able to repair the leak. The Fire Department threw down granular absorbent.

Dielectric Fluid

N/A N/A <20 gallons 07 May 01 N/A Oil switch exploded and caught on fire. Some oil sprayed on the ground and some on vegetation. Most of the <20 gallons of dielelectric fluid was consumed in the fire.

Hydraulic Oil N/A Varies ~2 ounces 01 Dec 07 Solidified, None

A leaking hydraulic fitting on a lawn tractor spilled ~ 2 oz. of hydraulic oil onto the mower deck.

Hydraulic Oil N/A Varies <2 quarts 13 Mar 14 Solidified, None

< 2 quarts of hydraulic oil was spilled onto the loading dock

Facility: 81902

Substance Regulatory Synonym

CAS

Registry Number

Quantity Date Hazardous Waste ID

Response/Comments

Mineral Oil N/A N/A ~1-2 gallons 20 Oct 06 N/A Transformer, just east of 81902, leaked ~ 1-2 gallons of mineral oil from a damaged bushing.

Facility: 78710

Substance Regulatory Synonym

CAS

Registry Number

Quantity Date Hazardous Waste ID

Response/Comments

Hydraulic Oil N/A Varies ~200 gallons 31 May 94 Solidified, None

~200 gallons of diesel fuel was spilled when a sight glass on a tank cracked.

A review of the Air Force, Installation Restoration Program’s records indicates that there are eight (8) SWMU sites within a 0.5 mile radius of the Subject Property. The specifics of each unit are described in detail below. The following information was directly provided by representatives of the IRP. A map showing the locations of these SWMU sites is provided in Appendix B (Figure 4)

SWMU NO. 005, FACILITY 62879 FORMER TRIDENT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

IRP-SITE DP025

Solid Waste Management Unit, No. 005 was the Former Trident Sewage Treatment Plant site, located towards the south end of CCAFS in the Naval Ordnance Test Unit (NOTU) Area. The Former Trident Sewage Treatment Plant treated submarine sewage, domestic waste, ship bilge water, and missile tube wastewater. Ship bilge waters contain oil and petroleum products.

Treated wastewater was discharged to two percolation ponds, which were included in the investigation. The treatment facility was originally built at the site in 1962. A new facility was constructed in 1976 and was permitted in 1983. The percolation ponds were identified as areas of concern due to historical operating difficulties at the plant and an oily sheen observed in one of the percolation ponds. This facility has been demolished, and now consists of a grassy field.

Low levels of petroleum products were detected in groundwater samples, but none of these compounds exceeded appropriate screening values. Low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and metals were detected in soils at concentrations that exceeded screening values. An Interim Measure was conducted in order to excavate and remove the contaminated soils. Remaining soils at the site meet Florida Department of Environmental Protection standards for residential and industrial settings. No contaminants were detected in surface water at concentrations that pose a risk to human health or the environment. No contaminants were detected in sediment at concentrations that pose a risk to human health or the environment.

In accordance with RCRA, a Preliminary Assessment was completed on the site in 1992. This assessment recommended further investigation. Consequently, a Site Investigation was conducted between 1992 and 1994. The Site Investigation Report recommended that a RCRA Facility Investigation be conducted in order to fully delineate the nature and extent of site contamination and to assess the risk to human health and the environment posed by site contaminants. During the RCRA Facility Investigation, an Interim Measure was completed. This resulted in the removal of all soils containing contaminant concentrations that exceeded screening values. Following completion of the Interim Measure, the RCRA Facility Investigation Report was issued and concluded that No Further Action was necessary at the site. The RCRA Facility Investigation Report was approved by both State and Federal regulatory agencies.

Based on the RCRA Facility Investigation, both State and Federal regulatory agencies approved the site for No Further Action. Accordingly, No Further Action is planned at the site of the Former Trident Sewage Treatment Plant.

SWMU NO. 020, FACILITY 84920, ACID NEUTRALIZATION PIT

IRP-SITE DP033

Facility 84920, formerly known as the Valve Cleaning Shop and designated as Solid Waste Management Unit, No. 020, was built on CCAFS in 1963. The facility is located west of Phillips Parkway in the southern portion of CCAFS. Operations performed in and around the facility indicated the possibility of environmental contamination. Historically, there was an Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant located behind the facility. This plant has been removed. Other operations in the area included equipment cleaning and propellant-trailer storage. The materials used in these operations included industrial solvents, degreasers, and other industrial waste products. Historical operations also included the storage of acids, fuel oil, solvents, and boiler water treatment chemicals in tanks on the site. Facility 84920 is currently used as a support facility by the Naval Ordnance Test Unit.

Contaminants detected in the groundwater included various residual industrial solvents and metals at concentrations above appropriate screening levels. A Long Term Monitoring program was implemented to monitor the natural degradation of these contaminants.