Attach__No__1B_-_PAFBDrinkingWaterESAMPlan.pdf

DRINKING WATER SAMPLING, ANALYSIS, AND

MONITORING PLAN

Bioenvironmental Engineering Flight

(45 OMRS/SGXB)

Patrick Space Force Base, FL

Prepared by 1st Lt Casey N. Meyering

February 2019

Updated by SSgt Markus L. Beil

December 2020

INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPDATING THE ESAM PLAN: The ESAM Plan is a living document designed to: 1) reflect the most current information within the body of the report; and 2) provide a historical record of changes that have occurred over time since the baseline ESAM Plan. Each time ESAM Plan is updated, implement the following actions:

1) Update the report where applicable. Examples include adding or deleting rows from tables, adding or deleting plumes, and modifying text with updated observations or conclusions.

2) Summarize any changes made to the report since the last ESAM Plan in this “Record of

ESAM Plan Updates” table. Be sure to include the date of the change and the individual(s) responsible for making the change. Also be sure to precede all Summary of Change inputs with the appropriate classification.

3) Change the dates on the report cover, and any other dates relevant to the current plan’s timeframe.

DATE OF BASELINE ESAM PLAN: 19 FEBRUARY 2019

Date of Change / Posted By Summary of Change 19 Feb 19 2LT Casey Meyering

Initial baseline accomplished. ESAM plans prior to 2018 were prepared by a contractor, and included a joint CES/CEIE & AMDS/SGPB Environmental and Drinking Water sampling plan.

27 Dec 19 1LT Casey Meyering

-Renamed to “Drinking Water” sampling plan to identify scope.

-Significant revisions to content, to include references to analytical methods, correcting tables, updating AFI references, sample schedule, and dangling references.

17 Jun 20 1LT Casey Meyering

- Updated Monthly Monitoring Locations.

10 Dec 20 SSgt Beil - Updated 1.2.5. Storage, demo of north tower begins 1 Jan 21

- Updated 2.4 Lead and Copper, sampling now conducted by BE.

- Updated 2.5 Asbestos, sampling conducted 13 Feb 20, next event 2029

- Updated Table 2-1, Long-term sampling plan All references to KEMCON updated with NEMCON.

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.2 DRINKING WATER SYSTEM INFORMATION

1.2.1 Public Water System

1.2.2 Distribution System

1.2.3 Pumps and Generators

1.2.4 Water Treatment

1.2.5 Storage

1.2.6 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

2 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.2 BACTERIOLOGICAL MONITORING – DRINKING WATER

2.2.1 Total-Coliform-Positive Repeat Sampling

2.3 BACTERIOLOGICAL MONITORING – POOLS

2.4 LEAD AND COPPER

2.5 ASBESTOS

2.6 CHEMICAL

2.6.1 Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)

2.6.2 Nitrates and Nitrites

2.6.3 Secondary Drinking Water Standards

2.6.4 Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)

1.1.1 Disinfection Byproducts

1.1.1 Compliance (Routine) Monitoring

1.1.1 BE conducts quarterly Stage 2 Disinfection Byproduct sampling in accordance with FAC 62-550.514 (2)(a)(b) and the 2019 FDEP Drinking Water Monitoring Requirements. PSFB is required to sample within the first week of the first month of each quarter. Samples are collected at 2 locations (Bldgs 546 and 1391) with 2 samples (1 TTHM/1 HAA5) taken at each location

2.6.5 Operational TTHM Monitoring

2.7 RADIONUCLIDES

2.8 AIR FORCE-UNIQUE DRINKING WATER SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS

2.8.1 Bacteriological

2.8.2 Lead in CDC and School Ages Programs

2.8.3 Aircraft Watering Points and Sanitary Survey

2.9 MONITORING DURING CONTINGENCIES AND HEIGHTENED FORCE PROTECTION

CONDITIONS

2.9.1 Water Contingencies

2.9.2 Heightened FPCONs

2.9.3 Laboratory Analysis for Contingencies and FPCONs

2.10 MONITORING FOR PLANNED OUTAGES AND EMERGENCY MALFUNCTIONS

2.11 WATER BUFFALO MONITORING

3 ANALYTICAL METHODS

3.1 BACTERIOLOGICAL

3.2 ASBESTOS

3.3 LEAD AND COPPER

3.4 DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS (TTHM/HAA5)

4 QUALITY ANALYSIS/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC)

4.1 QA/QC PROCEDURES FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

4.1.1 Bacteriological Sample Collection Procedures

4.1.2 Shipping Procedures

4.1.3 Sampling Incubation Procedures – In-House Bacteriological Samples

4.2 QA/QC PROCEDURES FOR DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT SAMPLES

4.2.1 Florida DEP Required Chemical Sampling

4.2.2 Shipping Procedures

4.3 QA/QC PROCEDURES FOR RADIOLOGICAL SAMPLING

4.3.1 Single Samples

4.3.2 Composite Samples

4.3.3 Shipping Information

5 PROCEDURES FOR MCL VIOLATIONS

5.1 BACTERIOLOGICAL

5.2 LEAD AND COPPER

5.3 DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS

5.4 LEAD AND COPPER SAMPLING AT CDCS AND SCHOOL AGE PROGRAMS

5.5 RADIOACTIVITY

APPENDIX A: TABLES

TABLE 2-1 LONG TERM SAMPLING PLAN

TABLE 2-2 MONTHLY SAMPLING PLAN-STATE COMPLIANCE SAMPLES

TABLE 2-3 LEAD AND COPPER SAMPLING SITES

Appendix B: Sample Collection Procedures

IN-HOUSE FLUORIDE SAMPLING

VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICAL (VOCs)

INORGANIC CHEMICALS (IOCs)

NITRATES AND NITRITES

LEAD AND COPPER

DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS (TTHM/HAA)

COMPOSITE SAMPLES

SINGLE SAMPLES

APPENDIX C – FPCON SAMPLING PROCEDURES

1 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this sampling plan is to fulfill both the drinking water quality requirements set forth in Chapter 62-550 of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) Code and the planning requirements for Environmental Sampling, Analysis, and Monitoring (ESAM) Plan cited in Chapter 4 of Air Force Instruction (AFI) 48-144, Drinking Water Surveillance Program, 2014.

1.1 BACKGROUND

Patrick Space Force Base (PSFB) is located in Brevard County immediately north of Satellite Beach, FL. PSFB is home to the 45th Space Wing, the Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), the 920th Rescue Wing, 308th Rescue Squadron, Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (DEOMI) and associated units and tenant organizations.

In addition to DEP Chapter 62-550 and AFI 48-144 Drinking Water Surveillance Program, the following AFI and portions of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) govern drinking water sampling requirements:

AFMAN 48-114, Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs, and Natural Bathing Areas, 2019 Drinking Water Surveillance Technical Guide, 2015 40 CFR Part 131 – Water Quality Standards 40 CFR Part 141 – National Primary Drinking Water Regulations 40 CFR Part 143 – National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations

1.2 DRINKING WATER SYSTEM INFORMATION

The PSFB community water system is operated and maintained by the 45th Civil Engineering Squadron (45 CES) and monitored by the 45th Operational Medical Readiness Squadron (OMRS) Bioenvironmental Engineering (BE) Flight.

1.2.1 Public Water System

Patrick is a consecutive community water system operating under State of Florida Permit No.

3054128. The system serves a population of approximately 7,500, including the on-base resident and transient (working) population. Of that population number, there are 146 dorm residents and 1,261 on-base housing residents. These demographics are reported in the annual Patrick Air Force Base Economic Impact Statement, FY18.

1.2.2 Distribution System

The distribution systems is over 33 miles long (174,240 ft) and constructed of a variety of materials, including asbestos cement, cast iron, copper, ductile iron, and PVC. Pipe size ranges from 2 to 16 inches in diameter, with most of the pipe being in the 6- to 12-inch diameter range.

The PSFB injection system is calibrated to 11K gpm through 16 inch pipes and average consumption is around 700-800K gpd.

1.2.3 Pumps and Generators

PSFB has three water supply pumps (bldg. 209) capable of pumping up to 1,350 gallons per minute. Two pumps are active and one is on standby. In the event of a power loss, the pumps are supported by backup generators located in the CE Electric compound (bldgs 1343, 1350, and

1352). If a power loss occurs, a signal is sent from the treatment plant to Fire and Emergency Services dispatch, which notifies the CE Utilities Shop to engage the pump station generators.

1.2.4 Water Treatment

PSFB receives finished water from City of Cocoa’s Dyal Water Treatment Plant. City of Cocoa’s water comes from both ground and surface water sources, which are treated with different processes. Ground water is treated with chlorine, lime, soda ash, coagulant, fluoride, carbon dioxide, disinfected with chloramination, and passed through sand and anthracite filters. Surface water is treated with sulfate, hydrated lime, polymer, and ozone before going through a similar process as ground water.

When Cocoa’s finished water reaches PSFB treatment plant (Bldg 209) chlorine and ammonia are added as needed. CE Utilities Shop furnishes three 150lb ammonia and eight 150lb chlorine cylinders at any given time and consumes them at an average rate of 5 lb chlorine and 1 lb ammonia per day. Treatment quantities change based on the flow rate and disinfection residuals of the incoming water. PSFB is required to maintain a combined chlorine residual of 0.6 mg/L throughout the system.

1.2.5 Storage

PSFB has two storage tanks which are both inoperable at this time: a central storage tank (#410) which has a 200K gallon capacity and a south storage tank (#948) which has a 400K gallon capacity. Central storage tank (#410) is being demolished beginning 1 Jan 21. The south tank has a new cathodic protection system (rust prevention, 2016) and is regularly filled and drained in order to maintain disinfection and chlorine residual.

1.2.6 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

The distribution system has a SCADA system that is not currently in operation.

2 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

PSFB’s drinking water system monitoring requirements include water sample collection and analysis to ensure water quality meets appropriate standards. A combination state-certified and in-house analysis is performed to identify coliform and quantify fluoride, lead and copper, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), inorganic chemicals (IOCs), nitrates/nitrites, disinfection by-products, and radionuclides. Each requirement and analytical method is reviewed in the following sections.

2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

PSFB is classified as a consecutive community water system. The Florida DEP, the primacy agency, requires PSFB to monitor for total coliform, disinfection byproducts, asbestos, lead and copper. Other contaminants, including nitrate and nitrite, primary inorganics, secondary contaminants, radiological contaminants, VOCs and synthetic organic contaminants (SOCs) are monitored by the City of Cocoa at the point of entry. Table 2-1 in Appendix A is a summary of PSFB’s in-house and state-required monitoring requirements with long-term sampling schedule.

In addition to the DEP state-required monitoring, PSFB conducts in-house bacteriological monitoring, total available chlorine, free chlorine, and pH monitoring in accordance with AFI

48-144 and the DWSTG, Sections 6.4.1, 7.3, 8.2.1, and 8.2.4, (2015). Appendix A Tables 2-2 and 2-3 summarize of PSFB’s state-compliance and in-house coliform monitoring with sampling timeline.

2.2 BACTERIOLOGICAL MONITORING – DRINKING WATER

PSFB must conduct bacteriological monitoring monthly in accordance with FDEP Code 62- 550.518, AFI 48-144 Chapter 3.2, and DWSTG Section 8.2.1 (2015). Public water systems shall collect total coliform samples at sites that are representative of water throughout the distribution system and in accordance with a written sampling plan that addresses location, timing, frequency and rotation period. With a reportable population of approximately 7,500 personnel, PSFB submits eight (8) state-required samples for evaluation. Photographs and sampling site locations are located in Appendix A.

2.2.1 Total-Coliform-Positive Repeat Sampling

If a routine bacteriological sample is positive for total coliform, three repeat samples must be collected within 24 hours of notification from the lab. All samples must be collected on the same day. One sample must be collected from the same tap that generated the positive result, one sample must be collected from a tap within 5 service connections upstream and one sample within 5 service connections downstream. If repeat sampling yields another positive result, additional samples for each positive result must be repeated in the same manner described above.

Repeat sampling must continue until either total coliforms are not detected in one complete set of repeat sampling, or BE and CE determine that the MCL for total coliforms has been exceeded.

Additional information can be found in FAC 62-550.518(7). See section 5.1 Procedures for MCL Violations – Bacteriological for notification requirements for bacteriological MCL violations.

2.3 BACTERIOLOGICAL MONITORING – POOLS

BE provides water quality oversight of swimming pools, spas, and hot tubs, and natural bathing areas and reviews engineering designs for new and/or modified swimming pools, spas and hot tubs, and associated equipment and facilities IAW AFI 48-114 “Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs, and Natural Bathing Areas”, paragraph 2.10.6. If bacteriological water quality of pools, spas/hot tubs, or natural bathing areas does not meet standards, BE shall take the following steps specified in AFI 48-144, paragraph 4.3.

2.4 LEAD AND COPPER

The PSFB drinking water system meets the requirements of F.A.C. Chapter 62-550.513 for reduced lead and copper monitoring. The rules that apply are the same as those found in 40 CFR

141.86. Currently, PSFB is required to sample from 20 sites, based on a population of greater than 3,301 but less than 10,000. Sampling is conducted by BE. Samples are collected from kitchen faucets or hose spigots of residential housing units and buildings. Appendix A Table 2-5 contains the addresses of the lead/copper sampling sites.

2.5 ASBESTOS

Patrick AFB is required to conduct novennial asbestos sampling per FDEP Drinking Water Monitoring Requirements (2019). Asbestos sampling was last conducted on 13 Feb 20 at building 912, and is next due in the year 2029. An asbestos sampling plan [using Form 62- 555.900(10)] must be completed detailing the location and the conditions under which the sample is to be taken. Sampling must be conducted under conditions where asbestos contamination is most likely to occur.

2.6 CHEMICAL

2.6.1 Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)

As a consecutive water system, PSFB relies on City of Cocoa to perform IOC monitoring at the water system’s point of entry in Christmas, Florida. City of Cocoa’s Water Quality Assurance Laboratory conducts sampling in accordance with F.A.C. 62-550.513 Inorganic Contaminants Monitoring Requirements.

2.6.2 Nitrates and Nitrites

As a consecutive water system, PSFB relies on City of Cocoa to perform Nitrate and Nitrite monitoring at the water system’s point of entry in Christmas, Florida. City of Cocoa’s Water Quality Assurance Laboratory conducts sampling in accordance with F.A.C. 62-550.512 Nitrate and Nitrite Monitoring Requirements.

2.6.3 Secondary Drinking Water Standards

As a consecutive water system, PSFB relies on City of Cocoa to perform Nitrate and Nitrite monitoring at the water system’s point of entry in Christmas, Florida. Secondary standards include fluoride, odor, pH, color, turbidity and a number of minerals and treatment residuals.

City of Cocoa’s Water Quality Assurance Laboratory conducts sampling for secondary standards in accordance with F.A.C. 62-550.320 Secondary Drinking Water Standards. The secondary maximum contaminant levels are listed in Table 6 of F.A.C. 62.550.

2.6.4 Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)

As a consecutive water system, PSFB relies on City of Cocoa to perform VOC monitoring at the water system’s point of entry in Christmas, Florida. City of Cocoa’s Water Quality Assurance Laboratory conducts VOC sampling in accordance with requirements in FAC 62-550.515 Volatile Organic Contaminants Monitoring Requirements.

2.6.5 Disinfection Byproducts

2.6.5.1 Compliance (Routine) Monitoring

BE conducts quarterly Stage 2 Disinfection Byproduct sampling in accordance with FAC 62-

550.514 (2)(a)(b) and the 2019 FDEP Drinking Water Monitoring Requirements. PSFB is required to sample within the first week of the first month of each quarter. Samples are collected at 2 locations (Bldgs 546 and 1391) with 2 samples (1 TTHM/1 HAA5) taken at each location.

2.6.5.2 Operational TTHM Monitoring

BE also collects monthly operational TTHM samples from Bldg 209. These samples are voluntarily collected by PSFB in order to monitor the quality of incoming water. City of Cocoa uses a variable blend of groundwater and surface water sources prior to treatment and entry into the system. Due to the different treatment processes and varying quantities of source water used, TTHM levels can elevate to an actionable level, and coordination with City of Cocoa may be required. See paragraph 1.2.4 for more information.

2.7 RADIONUCLIDES

As a consecutive water system, PSFB relies on City of Cocoa to perform radionuclide monitoring at the water system’s point of entry in Christmas, Florida. City of Cocoa’s Water Quality Assurance Laboratory conducts monthly testing for Gross Alpha Particle Activity, Radium-226, Radium-228, and Uranium IAW FAC 62-550.519 Radionuclides Monitoring Requirements.

2.8 AIR FORCE-UNIQUE DRINKING WATER SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS

2.8.1 Bacteriological

IAW AFI 48-144 paragraph 3.2.2.1., BE collects monthly DW sample for bacteriological analysis from each Child Development Center (CDC), Youth Center (YC), and School-Age Program it supports. BE collects monthly bacteriological samples from the CDC as part of its compliance monitoring, and collects one separate sample from the YC (Bldg. 3656) which is analyzed in-house with 24-hour Colilert™.

2.8.2 Lead in CDC and School Ages Programs

PSFB must conduct initial sampling for lead using the Lead Contamination Control Act (LCCA) protocols and Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) when metallic materials, including lead-free materials, are used in CDCs and School Age Programs. Follow-up sampling is required at facilities when plumbing lines or fixtures are modified, added, or replaced. BE conducted the initial lead sampling at the CDC in 2010 and again in 2014. The Patrick AFB Youth Center was sampled for lead in 2012 and again in 2014. Results for initial and subsequent sampling are available and on file in the Lead and Copper folder on the BE private drive. Results were provided to the CDC and Youth Center and are required to remain on file per AFI 48-144 paragraph 3.2.2.2.2. The Youth Center and CDC were sampled in 2020 as part of routine sampling, results were provided and are saved on the drive.

2.8.3 Aircraft Watering Points and Sanitary Survey

BE maintains an MFR from 920 AMXS/AMU stating that the watering system on the aircraft is not used; the only water source on the aircraft is bottled water from local retailers/stores.

Consequently, BE does not conduct sampling on aircraft watering points. This MFR is stored digitally on the BE Drive.

2.9 MONITORING DURING CONTINGENCIES AND HEIGHTENED FORCE

PROTECTION CONDITIONS

2.9.1 Water Contingencies

Specific monitoring locations and methods will be determined by the BE office on a case-by-case basis when actual or suspected, intentional or accidental contamination events occur.

2.9.2 Heightened FPCONs

IAW AFMAN 10-246 and DWSTG (2015), BE is required to establish increased monitoring and surveillance schedules based on elevated threat levels, and to initiate increased parameter monitoring during Force Protection Conditions (FPCON) Charlie. Department of Defense (DoD) Instruction O-2000.16, DoD Antiterrorism Standards (December 2006) also requires monitoring for biological and chemical agents during FPCON Charlie and Delta. Frequency

(daily/weekly) of increased monitoring will depend on length of time in these FPCONs. A flowchart of BE FPCON sampling procedures is included in Appendix C.

As a minimum, contingency monitoring will consist of bacteriological, pH, and chlorine testing.

Test results will be compared to baseline water characteristics to determine if measurements fall within the “acceptable” range for each relevant parameter. The application of other available rapid test methods (M-272 kit, colorimetric test strips, HAPSITE ER portable gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer [GC/MS], HACH spectrophotometer, etc.), or submission of water samples for analyses by a certified laboratory, will be determined on a case-by-case basis by the BEE. Monitoring personnel will report any positive or abnormal test results to the BEE without delay. The BEE will report positive or abnormal results up the chain of command and advise if a public advisory is recommended.

2.9.2.1 FPCON NORMAL, ALPHA, & BRAVO

Compliance and in-house drinking water samples will be collected as normal (Bacte, pH, chlorine, etc.).

2.9.2.2 FPCON CHARLIE & DELTA

Samples will be taken weekly with random in-house testing. Testing for chemical agent contaminants will be accomplished using an M-272 field kit or Hapsite Headspace. Testing for biological use of the Hand Held Assay (HHA) on top of regular bacteriological sampling. Field screening for alpha and beta particles in accordance with BE Field Manual Appendix AM-6: AF CBRN Method for Analysis of Alpha and Beta Particles in Drinking Water.

2.9.3 Laboratory Analysis for Contingencies and FPCONs

BE will use the laboratory listed below or coordinate with USAFSAM for an alternate for sample analysis during contingencies or as needed during heightened Force Protection conditions:

TESTAMERICA - TAMPA

6712 Benjamin Road - Suite 100 Tampa, FL 33634

Phone: (813) 885-7427

FAX: (813) 885-7049

www.testamericainc.com

TestAmerica Laboratories has the capacity for rapid turnaround. Types of samples analyzed are air, water, soil, radiobioassay, waste and debris, and sediment and biological. Contact the lab before collecting samples to notify of the need for sample analysis, arrange for priority and rapid analysis, and verify sample collection procedures.

2.10 MONITORING FOR PLANNED OUTAGES AND EMERGENCY MALFUNCTIONS

IAW AFI 48-144 and DWSTG (2015), all new water mains and tanks; and those taken out of service for inspection, repair, or other maintenance activity; or mains which have had a loss of positive pressure below 20 psi shall be disinfected and tested for coliform bacteria. Two consecutive days of upstream and downstream sampling are required in the event of a pressure loss. New water mains and tanks will pass the coliform bacteria testing before being put into service. Water mains and tanks taken out of service for inspection, repair, or maintenance may be put into service prior to the coliform bacteria test results are completed only under the discretion of BE based on the measured pH and chlorine levels. To sample from storage tanks, sampling will be done at the tank drain pipe. Flush the tank drain pipe for at least 30 minutes to ensure that the water sampled is representative of the water in the tank and to ensure that the pipe is well rinsed. In the event of an emergency, coordinate with PSFB Public Affairs (PA) before posting any notices if possible by calling the PA on-call phone at (321) 494-4793. Comply with the FAC 62-550.730 Reporting Requirements for Public Water Systems for sampling, notifications, and Boil Water Advisories/Notices.

IAW AFI 48-144, Civil Engineering (CE) and BE personnel shall follow primacy agency regulations for emergency disinfection. Disinfection procedures for water mains are provided in Florida DEP’s Best Practices for Water Main Breaks and Repairs. A copy is located on the BE Private Drive under K:\Bioenvironmental_Private\5. DW Bacte Analyses\5-02 Regulations & Guidance.

2.11 WATER BUFFALO MONITORING

Water Buffalos should be disinfected with a 0.5% chlorine solution and 24 hour contact time before sampling IAW AWWA C652-92. BE must periodically sample chlorine, pH, and bacteriological on the water buffalo to ensure the water is potable. Water buffalos should not be approved for use until bacteriological sampling with Colilert™ is negative.

3 ANALYTICAL METHODS

Standard methods for the analysis of contaminants are described in the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI) and by the EPA. Per FAC 62-550.550 Certified Laboratories and Analytical Methods for Public Water Systems, samples shall be considered acceptable only if they have been analyzed by a laboratory certified in drinking water by the Department of Health.

Eurofins TestAmerica laboratories located in Tampa, FL, and Savannah, GA, are certified by the Department of Health for drinking water analysis using all analytical methods below. The KSCEM Lab is also certified by the Department of Health, but only for chlorine and microbiological contaminant analysis. All labs are certified on an annual July to June rolling cycle, with recertification due on 1 July 2020.

3.1 BACTERIOLOGICAL

The requirements for microbiological analysis are specified by the state-certified lab which conducts analysis. The federal regulations may be found in 40 CFR 141.21(f). Public water systems need only determine the presence or absence of total coliforms, and a variety of methods, including NEMI methods 9221 A, B, and D, 9222 A, B, and C, and 9223 are authorized to be used. The NEMCON Microbiological Laboratory typically uses method 9223B, Enzyme Substrate Test, to detect enzymes produced by total coliforms to determine presence/absence.

3.2 ASBESTOS

The requirements for the analysis of inorganics, including asbestos, are specified in 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1). EPA Method 100.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy must be used.

3.3 LEAD AND COPPER

The requirements for Lead and Copper analysis are specified in 40 CFR 141.89 and 141.23(k)(1). A wide variety of EPA and Standard Methods are acceptable for these analytes.

Consult 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1) to confirm the lab uses an appropriate method.

3.4 DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS (TTHM/HAA5)

Analytical requirements for TTHM and HAA5 are specified in 40 CFR 141.131(b). TTHM requires EPA methods 502.2, 524.2, or 551.1. HAA5 must be analyzed according to EPA methods 552.1, 552.2, 552.3, or Standard method 6251 B.

4 QUALITY ANALYSIS/QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC)

Part of conducting a successful drinking water surveillance program is to have QA/QC procedures in place to prevent samples from being tainted. The following sections discuss proper QA/QC procedures.

4.1 QA/QC PROCEDURES FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

Sample collection procedures are detailed in Standard Methods, 23rd Ed. in section 9060A (p. 9- 36). All routine compliance samples required by the Florida DEP will be collected in sample containers provided by the KSCEM Lab. The containers have preservative or buffer chemicals in them. Be careful not to overflow the container or some of the preservative or buffer will be lost. QA/QC Procedures are listed in Appendix B, however, if sampling kits obtained from the lab or state include instructions, follow the instructions provided.

4.1.1 Bacteriological Sample Collection Procedures

a. Samples will be collected in 100 ml bottles provided by NEMCON.

b. Sample bottles are to remain closed until the samples are ready to be collected.

c. Measure the free chlorine, total chlorine, and pH of the water and write it on the bottle with a permanent felt-tip marker.

d. Remove the aerator, if one is attached, from the tap.

e. Before collecting the sample, the tap should be fully opened to allow the water to run for two or three minutes or for a time sufficient to permit clearing of the service line.

f. If tap cleanliness is questionable, choose a more appropriate tap or disinfect the exposed surfaces of the tap (inside and outside) with a solution of sodium hypochlorite (10 mg NaOCl/L). After disinfection, let the water run for two to three minutes before collecting the sample.

g. If sampling from a mixing faucet, remove the faucet attachments such as the screen or splash guard. Run hot water from two minutes and then cold water for two to three minutes.

h. Fill the sample bottle with 100 (milliliters) ml of water ensuring that there is ample air space (at least 2.5cm) left in the bottle.

i. Once the sample is collected, replace the cap to the bottle. The collector shall complete the sample analysis request form immediately after collection. The collector shall state the following on the form:

1. That sterilized containers with preservative were used for sampling;

2. The collector's name

3. Name and identification number of the environmental laboratory analyzing the sample;

4. Sample identification number and location

5. Date and time of collection;

6. Free chlorine, total chlorine, and pH

4.1.2 Shipping Procedures

For state sampling, BE collects samples and NEMCON will send an Environmental Specialist to transport the samples to the lab for analysis. NEMCON must be notified at least one day prior to sample collection. In the event of a line malfunction, contact NEMCON immediately.

Coordinate sample collection with NEMCON POC Sarah Hausman (321)-967-1928.

4.1.3 Sampling Incubation Procedures – In-House Bacteriological Samples For in-house bacteriological sampling, one Colilert packet must be added per 100mL sample.

The samples must then be incubated at 35.5 °C + 0.5 °C (95.9 °F + 0.5 °F) and read in 24 hours.

Positive and negative controls should be used in conjunction with the samples acquired. Before incubating the samples, the incubator temperature MUST read 35.5 °C + 0.5 °C (95.9 °F + 0.5 °F). Ensure a certified incubator thermometer is used to record accurate temperature readings.

4.2 QA/QC PROCEDURES FOR DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT SAMPLES

Sample collection procedures are detailed in Standard Methods, 23rd Ed., section 6010 B (p. 6- 3). All routine compliance samples required by the Florida DEP will be collected in sample containers provided by the KSCEM Lab. The containers have preservative or buffer chemicals in them

4.2.1 Florida DEP Required Chemical Sampling

All sampling required by the Florida DEP will be performed by two individuals when mission allows. The samples will be collected in containers provided by the KSCEM Lab. Sample collection procedures should be enclosed with the sample containers. Procedures listed in Appendix B should correspond to the procedures received from the KSCEM Lab. IF THERE IS

A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PROCEDURES DEP PROVIDES AND THOSE LISTED

HERE, USE THE PROCEDURES PROVIDED BY THE DEP. For most samples, the containers have preservative or buffer chemicals in them. Be careful not to overflow the container or some of the preservative or buffer will be lost.

4.2.2 Shipping Procedures

For state compliance sampling, BE will collect and hand over samples to NEMCON personnel for analysis at the KSCEM Lab located at:

Kennedy Space Center Environmental Microbiology Laboratory

Building M7-355, Room 2272 Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899

4.3 QA/QC PROCEDURES FOR RADIOLOGICAL SAMPLING

All sampling required by the Florida DEP will be performed by two individuals when mission allows. The samples will be collected in containers provided by the KSCEM Lab. Sample collection procedures should be enclosed with the sample containers. Procedures listed here should follow the procedures received from the KSCEM Lab. IF THERE IS A DIFFERENCE

BETWEEN THE PROCEDURES DEP PROVIDES AND THOSE LISTED HERE, USE THE

PROCEDURES PROVIDED BY THE DEP.

4.3.1 Single Samples

Please view Appendix B for specific procedures in regards to Single Samples.

4.3.2 Composite Samples

Please view Appendix B for specific procedures in regards to Composite Samples.

4.3.3 Shipping Information

Preserved (acidified) samples may not be shipped through common carriers (e.g. UPS or FedEx) unless in US Department of Transportation approved shipping containers.

5 PROCEDURES FOR MCL VIOLATIONS

In the event that a regulated contaminant’s maximum contaminant level (MCL) is exceeded and the corresponding permit requirement is violated, the base BEE should take the lead in the base’s response to the violation. The BEE should form a “Tiger Team” consisting of Civil Engineering Environmental, Civil Engineering Operations, Judge Advocate, Public Affairs, and Chief of Aerospace Medicine. Additionally, the BEE should develop a fact sheet that addresses the possible cause of the violation, the potential health issues, and both temporary and permanent solutions to prevent further violations. Once the fact sheet is developed, the Tiger Team should review it and formulate a plan of action. In addition, the BEE should follow the Florida DEP rules and regulations governing violations to the MCLs. Notification of the MCL violation should be made to the Chain of Command and the MAJCOM BEE. Notification should also be made to the Florida DEP or the Florida KSCEM Lab unless they were the agency that notified the base BEE of the violation. BE is responsible for all installation public notifications for MCL violations.

5.1 BACTERIOLOGICAL

FAC 62-550.518 (7) (b) states that if a routine distribution system sample is total-coliform-positive, the public water system shall collect a set of repeat distribution system samples within 24 hours of being notified of the positive result. The system shall collect all repeat samples on the same day. A system that collects monthly routine samples shall collect no fewer than three repeat samples for each total-coliform-positive sample found. In accordance with Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR), Subpart S, a ground water system must collect, within 24 hours of notification of the total coliform-positive sample, at least one ground water source sample from each ground water source in use at the time the total coliform-positive sample was collected under §141.21(a), and at least three repeat samples must be taken for each positive sample found.

One repeat sample must come from the original tap testing positive, one within five connections upstream, and one within five connections downstream. All repeat samples must be taken on the same day.

If one or more of the repeat samples is also positive for total coliforms, another repetition must take place until total coliforms are not detected or it is determined that the MCL is no longer being exceeded and the state is notified. If any routine or repeat sample tests positive for total coliforms, the sample must be analyzed to determine if fecal coliforms are present. The system may test for E. coli in lieu of fecal coliforms. If fecal coliforms or E. coli are found to be present in the sample, the system must notify the state before the end of the day (or the next business day if offices are closed).

Per the ground water rule if the repeat sample is found to have fecal coliforms or E. coli then the system must collect three additional samples from the same source within 24 hours of being notified of the fecal indicator-positive sample. All repeat samples must be taken on the same day. One sample must be collected at the original site of the positive, one sample must be collected within 5 service connections upstream, and one within 5 service connections downstream. If any of the repeat samples are positive, then the system is considered as exceeding the MCL for coliform bacteria. If any of the repeat samples test positive for total coliform only (none for E. coli or fecal), then a notice of such must be given to the users within 30 days. If any of the results test positive for E. coli or fecal as well, then the public notice of such must be done within 24 hours.

TABLE 5-1 BACTERIOLOGICAL MCLS

Contaminant Sample Type MCL Total Coliform Any sample No more than one positive per month Total Coliform Repeat sample following a positive fecal coliform or E. Coli sample Any positive

Fecal or E. Coli Repeat sample Any positive

5.2 LEAD AND COPPER

As previously mentioned, PSFB is on reduced monitoring for lead and copper; therefore, sampling must be accomplished every three years. In the event that PSFB exceeds the lead or copper action levels in 10% of the samples per annual sampling event (see Table 5-2), PSFB would have to sample in accordance with Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR), Subpart I, which requires sampling every six months. PSFB may resume monitoring once every three years for lead and copper at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of either of 40 CFR 141, Subpart I, Section 86(d)(4)(iii) or (d)(4)(v) as specified in (d)(4)(vi).

5.3 DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS

IAW 40 CFR 141.132 Monitoring Requirements, PSFB is on routine monitoring for Stage 1 and Stage 2 disinfection by-products; therefore, sampling must be accomplished every quarter for Stage 1and Stage 2 disinfection by-products. In the event that PSFB exceeds the disinfection by-product action levels (see Table 5-2), public notification must be done within 72 hrs after the violation. PSFB may resume the previous monitoring schedule after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of 40 CFR 141, Subpart L, Section 133(b)(1)(ii).

TABLE 5-2 DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT AND DISINFECTANT MCLS

Disinfection By-Products Disinfectants

Contaminant MCL (mg/L) Contaminant MCL (mg/L) Total trihalomethanes 0.080 Chlorine 4.0 (as Cl2) Haloacetic acids (five)

0.060 Chloramines 4.0 (as Cl2)

Bromate 0.010 Chlorine Dioxide 0.8 (as ClO2) Chlorite 1.0

5.4 LEAD AND COPPER SAMPLING AT CDCS AND SCHOOL AGE PROGRAMS

In accordance with DWSTG (2015) Table 12-1, specific actions must be taken if any water sample results for lead exceed 20 parts per billion (ppb). If any sampled drinking water outlets exceed the 20 ppb action level, those drinking water outlets will be immediately taken out of service and resampled.

Investigation and remediation measures are required when successive results exceed 20 ppb. BE must work with CE to investigate the source of lead, identify appropriate corrective actions (e.g.

temporary flushing for new components or component replacement), and provide all necessary follow up sampling to further pinpoint the source of lead. Follow-up water sampling to pinpoint the source of lead may require sampling at different locations within the facility (e.g., service connections, drinking water fountains, water faucets, and interior plumbing). Each of these sample locations has a slightly different testing protocol. The EPA has developed a technical guidance document titled, 3Ts for Reducing Lead in Drinking Water in Schools that provides specific sampling procedures for each of these locations.

5.5 RADIOACTIVITY

In the event that City of Cocoa PWS exceeds the MCLs identified in table 5-3, PSFB shall conduct quarterly radionuclide sampling IAW F.A.C 62-550.519 (1) (d) 5 Radionuclides Monitoring Requirements. The City of Cocoa may reduce monitoring after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of F.A.C 62-550.519 (e).

Public notification must be done in accordance with 40 CFR, Parts 141, Subpart Q, 142.16(a).

TABLE 5-3: MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS FOR RADIONUCLIDES

CONTAMINANT MCL

Combined Radium226 and Radium228 5 pCi/L Gross alpha particle activity including Radium226 but excluding Radon and Uranium

15 pCi/L

Uranium 30 ug/L

APPENDIX A: TABLES

TABLE 2-1 LONG TERM SAMPLING PLAN

Regulated

Contaminants Collector Lab

Sampling Frequency

Sample Location

No. of Samples

Last Sample Timeline

Next Sample Timeline

Bacteriological BE KSCEM Monthly See Table 2-2 9 Continuous Continuous TTHM/HAA5 BE TestAmerica Quarterly Bldgs 546, 1391 2 Continuous Continuous Lead and Copper Contractor TestAmerica Triennial See Table 2-3 20 Aug 2020 Aug 2023 Asbestos Contractor TestAmerica Novennial TBD 1 2020 2029

Air Force & Internally-Driven Monitoring Bacteriological BE In-House Monthly Bldg 3656 (YC) 1 Continuous Continuous Lead BE TestAmerica As-needed CDC, YC --- 2020 --- TTHM Operational BE TestAmerica Monthly Bldg 209 1 Continuous Continuous

Point of Entry Monitoring – City of Cocoa Nitrates/Nitrites Cocoa Cocoa Annual POE --- --- --- IOCs Cocoa Cocoa Triennial POE --- --- --- Secondary WQPs Cocoa Cocoa Monthly POE --- --- --- VOCs Cocoa Cocoa Triennial POE --- --- --- Radionuclides Cocoa Cocoa Triennial POE --- --- ---

TABLE 2-2 MONTHLY SAMPLING PLAN-STATE COMPLIANCE SAMPLES

Monthly

Week 1 Sampling

210 Riverside Trail Bldg 732, Bowling Alley

Bldg 912, Utilities Break Room Bldg 1000, CDC

Bldg 1319, Security Forces

Week 2 Sampling

Bldg 350, Dining Facility Bldg 698, Pararescue

Bldg 1365, Commissary Bldg 1493, Marina

TABLE 2-3 LEAD AND COPPER SAMPLING SITES

ID Tier Type1 Location1 Contact1

LSL2

Y/N

Home Plumbing Material2

Field Verified3

Y/N

Site Status3

S/O

Training Status3

Y/N Name Phone

1 2 BLDG Bldg 209, Water Treatment Bldg Ronald Burgdorf 321-494-7890 POE N S N

2 3 SFR 425, Mermaid Cove Brenda Haynes 321-779-9785 N BF N S N

3 2 BLDG 308, Temporary Lodging Mary Schamberlain 321-494-6591 N Pb2 N S N

4 2 BLDG 345, Outdoor Recreation Naomi Parish 321-494-2042 N Pb2 N S N

5 2 BLDG 506, Dormitory Trisha Cook 321-494-3647 N Pb2 S N

6 2 BLDG 530, Professional Development Center William Lloyd 321-494-7080 N Pb2 N S N

7 2 BLDG 647, 920th MXS Fuel System Repair Derek Brandt 321-494-8520 N Pb2 N S N

8 2 BLDG 722, Airman and Family Readiness Gerald Eglason 321-494-5675 N Pb2 N S N

9 2 BLDG 732, Bowling Center Naomi Parish 321-494-2042 N Pb2 N S N

10 2 BLDG 912, CE Break Room James Kelley 321-494-7890 N Pb2 N S N

11 1 BLDG 1000, Child Development Center Sue Pollock 321-494-7028 N Pb2 N S N

12 2 BLDG 1060, Housing Office Brenda Haynes 321-779-9785 N Pb2 N S N

13 2 BLDG 1361, Satellite Pharmacy Richard Bartlett 321-494-8107 N Pb1 N S N

14 2 BLDG 1368, ASTS Dorlin Martin 321-494-4005 N Pb2 N S N

15 2 BLDG 1372, Medical Logistics Richard Bartlett 321-494-8107 N Pb1 N S N

16 2 BLDG 1380, Medical Center Richard Bartlett 321-494-8107 N Pb1 N S N

24 2 BLDG 350, Riverside Dining Facility Arnold Welch 321-494-4248 Pb2 N S N

25 2 BLDG 352, Defense Equal Op. Mgt. Inst. Nathanial Davis 321-494-7386 N Pb2 N S N

19 1 BLDG 3656, Youth Center Alama Terrell 321-494-4747 N Pb2 N S N

20 2 BLDG 1652, Family Camp Shower Facility Naomi Parish 321-494-2042 N Pb2 N S N

21 3 SFR 223, Angelfish Cove Brenda Haynes 321-779-9785 N BF N O N

22 2 MFR 142, Shoshini Trail Brenda Haynes 321-779-9785 N Pb1 N O N

ID Tier Type1 Location1 Contact1

LSL2

Y/N

Home Plumbing Material2

Field Verified3

Y/N

Site Status3

S/O

Training Status3

Y/N Name Phone

23 2 BLDG 311, Temporary Lodging Facility Michael Maguire 321-494-6591 N Pb2 N O N

17 2 MFR 5352, Breakers Lane Brenda Haynes 321-779-9785 N BF N O N

18 2 BLDG 5752, Dusky Run Brenda Haynes 321-779-9785 N BF N O N

26 2 BLDG 408, Army Vet Clinic Ronald Burgdurf 321-494-7890 N Pb2 N O N

27 2 BLDG 425, Mission Support Building Tim Schmal 321-494-7720 N Pb2 N O N

28 2 BLDG 545, Fitness Center Tammy Shalley 321-494-4947 N Pb2 N O N

1 TYPE, LOCATION, and CONTACT PERSON. Site types are identified as a single-family residence (SFR), a multiple-family residence (MFR), or a building (BLDG).

Enter the street address of the site in the Location column and the name and phone number of the building or residence owner in the Contact Person column.

2 LSL and HOME PLUMBING MATERIAL. "Y" in the LSL column indicates a site with a lead service line. The plumbing material is identified for each site in the Home Plumbing Material column as follows:

• "Pb1" identifies a site with lead solder installed after December 31, 1982;

• "Pb2" identifies a site with lead solder installed before January 1, 1983;

• "BF" identifies tier 4 sites (tier 3 for NTNCWSs) that have brass faucets;

• "POE" or "POU" identifies tier 4 sites that have a point-of-entry or point-of-use treatment device, respectively; or

3 FIELD VERIFIED, SITE STATUS, and TRAINING STATUS. A site's home plumbing or service line material has been field verified, it is marked with a "Y" in the Field Verified column. Sites selected for sampling are indicated by entering an "S" in the Site Status column. Optional sites are identified by an "O." To be a selected site, there was an agreement with the site building owner to sample himself or to have the site sampled by the system. All homeowners who will sample at the selected sites must receive training in sampling procedures. Homeowners who have received training are identified by a "Y" in the Training Status column.

Appendix B: Sample Collection Procedures

IN HOUSE BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLING;

1. Below are the listed procedures used for the presence/absence method (Colilert media).

2. Sample collection bottles provided by the local lab are used to collect water samples.

3. After removing all devices from the tap allow the cold water to run for a minimum of two minutes prior to taking the sample.

4. Check the Chlorine residual. NOTE: if there is no chlorine residual do not collect a sample. Continue to flush the faucet until a residual is detected. If it takes several minutes of flushing to obtain chlorine residual at a faucet, do not take the sample immediately. Wait 10- 15 minutes. The chlorine needs to sit in the piping long enough to kill all bacteria that may be present.

5. Open the collection bottle. DO NOT CONTAMINATE BY TOUCHING THE INDISE

OF THE BOTTLE OR LID.

6. Place the sample collection bottle under the running water and fill the container until the water is at or slightly above the 100 mL line marked on the collection bottles. Do not allow the water to overflow. If this happens, it removes the sodium thiosulfate and you must resample with a different collection bottle.

7. Replace the lid tightly, and place in an ice chest containing ice packs for transport to the laboratory.

8. Once returned to lab, apply gloves and remove lid in same manner as before, open and enter contents of one Colilert package into 100 mL bottle, secure lid, shake until Colilert is dissolved and place into incubator for 24 hours.

IN-HOUSE FLUORIDE SAMPLING

1. Remove all aerators, strainers, and screens.

2. Flush the tap for about two to three minutes

3. Fill a 200 mL jar with deionized water to the 200 mL line.

4. Fully submerge one SPADNS Glass Fluoride Reagent Ampoule into the deionized water with tip facing down and break off tip against the bottom of the jar.

5. After deionized water fills into the reagent ampoule, wipe off excess water around ampoule.

6. Insert ampoule into HACH kit and press PRGM 28 for Fluoride detection.

7. Cover the ampoule with the HACH cover and press the zero key.

8. Insert fluoride standard into HACH kit, cover the standard with the HACH cover, press read key.

9. Verify HACH results are within XX for the fluoride standard reading.

10. Fill a 200 mL jar with the sampling water to the 200 mL line.

11. Fully submerge one SPADNS Glass Fluoride Reagent Ampoule into the sampling water with tip facing down and break off tip against the bottom of the jar.

12. After sampling water fills into the reagent ampoule, wipe off excess water around ampoule.

13. Insert ampoule into HACH kit, cover the ampoule with the HACH cover, press read key.

14. Record result appropriately.

15. Discard both glass ampoules.

VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICAL (VOCs)

1. Remove all aerators, strainers, and screens.

2. Flush the tap for about 10 minutes or until the water temperature has stabilized.

3. Adjust the flow rate to about 500ml (1 pint) per minute (approximately 1/8” diameter stream).

4. Fill the 125ml brown round bottom glass container and return the cap.

5. Invert the bottle three times to dissolve the ascorbic acid (vitamin C to de-chlorinate the sample 75mg).

6. Let the bottle sit for one minute.

7. Hold the 40ml clear vial at an angle, fill both clear vials with the water from the 125ml brown bottle.

8. Carefully complete the filling of each vial to form a meniscus (the curved upper surface of a liquid formed by surface tension), or use the vial cap to top off the vial and form a meniscus.

9. Screw the cap on the vial and invert the vial. Tap against your hand and check for air bubbles. If any are present, add additional water to reform the meniscus and check for bubbles again.

10. Shake the vial vigorously for about one minute to let the preservative fully mix with the water sample.

11. Pack the samples into the supplied plastic bag and ice chest. Completely fill the sample bag with ice.

12. Fill out the chain of custody form.

13. Ship or deliver sample to the laboratory the same day or by overnight courier. Sample must be shipped by Monday or Tuesday of a full week.

INORGANIC CHEMICALS (IOCs)

1. Refrigerate the cool pack overnight prior to sample collection.

2. Remove all hoses, aerators, and strainers if present.

3. Check the label on the bottle. It will indicate from which entry point the sample is to be collected.

4. Turn on water and adjust flow to a slow, steady stream. Allow water to run until the water temperature has stabilized.

5. Fill the bottle completely, cap and seal the bottle. Turn the bottle upside down to check for leaks around the cap.

6. Fill out paperwork, including chain of custody, enclosed with the containers received from the DEP.

7. After collection, place the filled bottle, the cool pack, and form in the case for shipping to the DEP Laboratories.

NITRATES AND NITRITES

1. Samples must be collected and returned within 7 days of receipt of bottles.

2. Freeze cold pack upon reception. The cold pack is needed to keep the collected sample cool during return shipment.

3. Remove all hoses, aerators, and strainers if present.

4. Turn on the water for several minutes allowing water temperatures to stabilize before collecting the sample.

5. Adjust flow to about 500ml/min (approx. 1/8 inch diameter stream).

6. Completely fill the 250ml plastic bottle and secure cap.

7. Fill out paperwork, including chain of custody, enclosed with the containers received from the DEP. Note any corrections on the sample collection form.

8. Ship samples with the frozen cold pack. Samples must be shipped back by overnight carrier.

LEAD AND COPPER

1. Make arrangements with the resident to coordinate the sample collection. If the resident uses any water treatment devices (carbon filters, water softeners, reverse-osmosis systems, and distillers) make sure to note this.

2. Provide the resident with the following instructions:

a. To correctly collect a "first draw" water sample, the resident must allow sufficient time between the last time used and collection time. Federal regulation requires that a "first draw" water sample be collected from water that has been sitting in the interior plumbing FOR AT LEAST SIX (6) HOURS. There should be NO WATER USAGE PRIOR TO SAMPLE COLLECTION. Due to this requirement, either early morning (i.e.

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