Att 5 HDBK 423 5-15-93.pdf

MIL-HNDBK-423

May 15, 1993

Scanned by Mission Research Corporation

MIL-HDBK-423

F O R E W O R D

1. This military handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the

Department of Defense.

2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: AFC4A/ TNAB, 607

Pierce Street, Room 300, Scott AFB, IL 62225-5421, by using the Standardization Document

Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter.

3. This document provides design guidance and examples of good practice to support the implementation of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) hardening and testing requirements of MIL-STD-188-125. It also includes management guidance for HEMP protection acquisition programs and hardness maintenance and hardness surveillance for operational facilities.

4. This handbook reflects the 26 June 1990 issue of MIL-STD-188-125.

ii

C O N T E N T S

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1. SCOPE

1.1 Purpose

1.2 Content

1.3 Applications

1.4 Objectives

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 Government documents

2.1.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks

2.1.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications

2.2 Non-Government publications

2.3 Order of Precedence

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 Abbreviations and acronyms used in this handbook

3.2 Definitions

4. HOW TO USE THIS HANDBOOK

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Handbook content

4.3 Handbook arrangement

4.4 Guide to the HEMP protection program

4.5 Brief descriptions of HEMP protection program tasks

5. THE HEMP ENVIRONMENT AND SYSTEM RESPONSE

5.1 Introduction

5.2 History of recognition of the HEMP threat

5.3 The HEMP environment

5.3.1 HEMP generation and characteristics

5.3.1.1 Early-time HEMP

5.3.1.2 Intermediate-time HEMP

5.3.1.3 Late-time HEMP

5.3.2 HEMP environment specifications

5.3.2.1 The DoD standard environment

5.3.2.2 Earlier HEMP environment criteria

5.3.3 HEMP compared with lightning

iii

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5.4 System response to HEMP

5.4.1 HEMP-induced stresses

5.4.1.1 Long-line coupling

5.4.1.2 Antenna coupling

5.4.1.3 Intrasite conductor coupling

5.4.1.4 Shield coupling

5.4.1.5 Interior stresses

5.4.1.5.1 Long-line contributions

5.4.1.5.2 Antenna contributions

5.4.1.5.3 Intrasite line contributions

5.4.1.5.4 Shield leakage contribution

5.4.2 System susceptibility

5.5 References

6. HEMP HARDENING AND THE LOW-RISK APPROACH

6.1 Basic principles

6.1.1 System susceptibility and the need for hardening

6.1.2 Hardening strategy

6.1.3 Facility hardening program goal and objectives

6.2 HEMP hardening

6.2.1 General principles of hardening

6.2.2 The HEMP barrier

6.2.3 Generalized hardening approach

6.3 The low-risk hardening approach

6.3.1 Fundamentals of low-risk hardening

6.3.2 The low-risk approach as applied in MIL-STD-188-125

6.3.2.1 Hardening design features

6.3.2.2 Support for hardening program objectives

6.3.2.3 Advantages

6.3.2.4 Relationship of low-risk approach to other HEMP hardening approaches

6.4 References

IV

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7. BARRIER TOPOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

7.1 Basic principles

7.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

7.2.1 General barrier requirements

7.2.2 Barrier topology requirements

7.2.3 Special protective barrier requirements

7.3 Applications

7.3.1 Identification and location of mission-essential equipment

7.3.2 Shield topology definition

7.3.2.1 Shield topology options

7.3.2.2 Shield topology tradeoffs

7.3.3 POE identification and placement

7.3.3.1 POE types

7.3.3.2 Identification of POEs

7.3.3.3 POE location and grouping

7.3.3.4 POE control procedures

7.3.4 Special protective measures and volumes

7.3.5 Power generation and distribution system

7.4 References

8. SHIELDS AND SHIELDING

8.1 Basic principles

8.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

8.3 Applications

8.3.1 Shield material and thickness

8.3.2 Welding

8.3.2.1 Shielded metal-arc welding

8.3.2.2 Gas metal-arc welding

8.3.2.3 Gas tungsten-arc welding

8.3.2.4 Special considerations in welding stainless steels

8.3.3 Shield seam construction

8.3.3.1 Sheet metal pan

8.3.3.2 Butt-welded seams

8.3.3.3 Lap-welded seams

8.3.3.4 Corner seams

8.3.4 The shield/POE interface

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8.3.5 Metal warpage and buckling

8.3.6 Copper shields

8.4 References

9. ARCHITECTURAL POINTS-OF-ENTRY

9.1 Basic principles

9.1.1 Introduction

9.1.2 Aperture points-of-entry

9.1.3 Waveguides-below-cutoff

9.1.4 Electromagnetic closure of openings in the shield

9.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

9.3 Applications

9.3.1 General design guidance

9.3.2 Architectural POE testing

9.3.3 Personnel entryways

9.3.3.1 Waveguide-below-cutoff entryway

9.3.3.1.1 Waveguide entryway shield

9.3.3.1.2 Waveguide entryway electrical installations

9.3.3.2 Vestibule entryway

9.3.3.3 Shielded doors

9.3.3.3.1 Shielded doors with rf gasketed seals

9.3.3.3.2 Fingerstock shielded doors

9.3.3.3.3 Bellows-operated shielded doors

9.3.3.3.4 Magnetic shielded doors

9.3.3.3.5 Shielded door selection

9.3.3.4 Door interlock and alarm circuits

9.3.3.5 Entryway shield points-of-entry

9.3.4 Equipment accesses

9.3.5 Specifications for architectural POEs

9.4 References

10. MECHANICAL POINTS-OF-ENTRY

10.1 Basic principles

10.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

10.3 Applications

10.3.1 General guidance

VI

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10.3.2 Piping penetrations

10.3.2.1 Chilled water penetrations

10.3.2.2 Sprinkler pipe penetrations

10.3.2.3 Copper piping systems

10.3.2.4 Drain lines

10.3.2.5 Generator and boiler exhausts

10.3.3 Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system penetrations . . . 186

10.3.3.1 Welded WBC ventilation panel

10.3.3.2 Commercial honeycomb WBC ventilation panel

10.3.4 Mechanical POE protection in copper shields

10.4 References

11. STRUCTURAL POINTS-OF-ENTRY

11.1 Basic principles

11.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

11.3 Applications

11.3.1 General guidance

11.3.2 Shielded building concept

11.3.3 Expansion joints

11.3.4 Interior support columns

11.3.5 Interior walls

11.3.6 Beams

11.3.7 Attachment to the floor slab

11.3.8 Attachments to the shield surface

11.3.9 Copper shields

11.4 References

12. ELECTRICAL POINTS-OF-ENTRY

12.1 Basic principles

12.1.1 Introduction and overview

12.1.1.1 Stress on electrical POEs

12.1.1.2 Protection strategy

12.1.1.3 Time-domain circuit analysis

12.1.2 Electronic surge arresters

12.1.2.1 Basic principles

12.1.2.1.1 Principles of crowbar devices

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12.1.2.1.2 Principles of voltage-clamping devices

12.1,2.2 Device characteristics

12.1.2.2.1 Technology of crowbars

12.1.2.2.2 Technology of clamps

12.1.2.2.3 Device applications

12.1.2.3 Advantages and limitations

12.1.2.3.1 Advantages and limitations of crowbars

12.1.2.3.2 Advantages and limitations of clamps

12.1.2.4 Device selection criteria

12.1.2.4.1 Crowbar selection criteria

12.1.2.4.2 Clamp selection criteria

12.1.2.5 Hybrid series combinations

12.1.2.5.1 General

12.1.2.5.2 Basic design and application considerations

12.1.2.6 Hybrid parallel combinations

12.1.2.6.1 General

12.1.2.6.2 Example of the principle of coordination

12.1.2.7 Failure modes

12.1.2.7.1 Device failure modes

12.1.2.7.2 Excessively low clamping voltage versus reliability

12.1.2.8 Packaging and mounting

12.1.3 Filters

12.1.3.1 Basic principles

12.1.3.2 Filter design and operation

12.1.3.3 Insertion loss

12.1.3.3.1 Power line filters

12.1.3.3.2 Signal line filters

12.1.3.4 Capacitive-input filters

12.1.3.4.1 Short pulse response of filter

12.1.3.4.2 Intermediate pulse response

12.1.3.4.3 Long pulse response

12.1.3.5 Inductive-input filters

12.1.3.5.1 Short pulse response

12.1.3.5.2 Intermediate and long pulse

12.1.3.6 Effect of source and load impedances

12.1.3.7 Filter design information

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12.1.3.8 Military specifications and standards applicable to filters

12.1.3.9 Packaging constraints

12.1.4 Power apparatus for isolation

12.1.4.1 Transformers

12.1.4.1.1 Power transformers

12.1.4.1.2 Isolation transformers

12.1.4.2 Motor-generators

12.1.4.3 Contactors, circuit breakers, and fuses

12.1.4.3.1 Fuses

12.1.4.3.2 Circuit breakers

12.1.4.3.3 Contactors

12.1.5 Optical isolation devices

12.1.5.1 Fiber optic cable

12.1.5.2 Optoelectronic converters

12.1.5.3 Reliability

12.2 MIL-STD-188-125 general requirements for electrical POEs

12.3 Applications

12.3.1 Treatment of commercial power line POEs

12.3.1.1 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements for commercial power line POEs

12.3.1.2 Short pulse treatment

12.3.1.3 Intermediate pulse treatment

12.3.1.4 Long pulse treatment

12.3.1.5 Hardness critical items in power feeder protection

12.3.2 Treatment of intrasite facility power POEs

12.3.2.1 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements for intrasite power line POEs . . . 292

12.3.2.2 Penetration protection for intrasite facility power POEs

12.3.3 Treatment of intersite telephone audio/data line POEs

12.3.3.1 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements for intersite audio/data line POEs . . . 295

12.3.3.2 Fiber optic isolation for audio/data lines

12.3.3.2.1 Power for the Optoelectronic converter

12.3.3.2.2 Grounding

12.3.3.3 Penetration protection for nonstandard audio and data lines

12.3.3.3.1 Short and intermediate pulse protection

12.3.3.3.2 Long pulse protection

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12.3.4 Treatment of intrasite control and signal line POEs

12.3.4.1 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements for control/signal line POEs . . . 304

12.3.4.2 Penetration protection for control/signal line POEs

12.3.5 Treatment of antenna line POEs

12.3.5.1 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements for antenna line POEs

12.3.5.2 Penetration protection for antenna line POEs

12.3.5.2.1 Shield bonding

12.3.5.2.2 MF and lower frequency antenna cables

12.3.5.2.3 HF antenna cables

12.3.5.2.4 VHF antenna cables

12.3.5.2.5 UHF antenna cables

12.3.6 HEMP protection using conduit shielding

12.3.6.1 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements for conduit shielding

12.3.6.2 Conduit protection methods

12.3.7 Penetration entry area

12.3.7.1 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements for the penetration entry area . . . 324

12.3.7.2 Penetration entry area design

12.4 References

13. GROUNDING AND BONDING

13.1 Basic principles

13.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

13.3 Applications

13.3.1 Grounding

13.3.2 Bonding

13.3.2.1 Bonding of power filters to the HEMP shield

13.3.2.2 Bonding of conductors to the HEMP shield

13.3.2.3 Impedance of bonding straps

13.4 References

14. SPECIAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES

14.1 Basic principles

14.1.1 Introduction

14.1.2 Requirements for special protection

14.1.2.1 Mission-essential equipment outside the electromagnetic barrier . . 342

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14.1.2.2 Sensitive mission-essential equipment inside the electro-magnetic barrier . . . 344

14.1.2.3 Special protective volumes and barriers

14.1.3 Specification approaches for special protective measures

14.1.4 Design approach for special protective measures

14.1.4.1 Environments analysis

14.1.4.2 Coupling experiments and analysis

14.1.4.3 Equipment vulnerability experiments and analysis

14.1.4.4 Special protective design development

14.1.5 Testing concepts for special protective measures

14.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

14.3 Applications

14.3.1 General design guidance

14.3.2 Testing requirements

14.3.3 Hardening mission-essential equipment outside the electromagnetic barrier

14.3.4 Hardening sensitive mission-essential equipment inside the barrier

14.3.5 Special protective barrier design and construction

14.3.5.1 Special protective barriers for piping POEs

14.3.5.2 Special protective barriers for electrical POEs

14.3.5.3 Hardening mission-essential equipment in a special protective volume . . . 372

14.3.6 Fielded system examples

14.4 References

15. CORROSION CONTROL

15.1 Basic principles

15.1.1 Uniform attack

15.1.2 Crevice corrosion

15.1.3 Pitting

15.1.4 Intergranular corrosion

15.1.5 Selective leaching or parting

15.1.6 Erosion corrosion

15.1.7 Stress corrosion

15.1.8 Galvanic or two-metal corrosion

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15.1.9 Facility corrosion protection methods

15.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

15.3 Applications

15.3.1 Metals and their corrosion characteristics

15.3.1.1 Iron and iron alloys

15.3.1.1.1 Cast irons

15.3.1.1.2 Carbon steels and irons

15.3.1.1.3 Stainless steels

15.3.1.1.4 Welding and stainless steels

15.3.1.2 Copper and its alloys

15.3.2 Environmental control

15.3.3 Material selection

15.3.4 Cathodic protection

15.3.5 Corrosion protection with a barrier coating

15.3.6 Corrosion protection of bonds

15.3.7 Corrosion control plan

15.4 References

16. TESTING

16.1 Basic principles

16.1.1 Test philosophy and types of tests

16.1.1.1 Testing during construction

16.1.1.2 Hardness verification tests

16.2 MIL-STD-188-125 general test requirements

16.3 Applications

16.3.1 Quality assurance testing

16.3.1.1 MIL-STD-188-125 quality assurance test requirements

16.3.1.2 Quality assurance program

16.3.1.3 Quality assurance principles

16.3.1.4 Quality assurance documents

16.3.1.4.1 Project QC specifications

16.3.1.4.2 HEMP QC plan

16.3.1.4.3 Submittal review

16.3.1.5 Storage inspections

16.3.1.6 Receiving inspections

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16.3.1.7 Welding inspections and tests

16.3.1.7.1 Visual inspections

16.3.1.7.2 Magnetic particle testing

16.3.1.7.3 Dye penetrant inspection

16.3.1.7.4 Other weld test methods

16.3.1.8 SELDS tests

16.3.1.8.1 SELDS test method

16.3.1.8.2 Permanently installed SELDS

16.3.1.8.3 Limitations and attributes of SELDS method

16.3.1.9 Factory inspections and tests

16.3.1.10 Shielding effectiveness survey

16.3.1.11 Government quality assurance

16.3.2 HEMP acceptance testing

16.3.2.1 MIL-STD-188-125 acceptance test requirements

16.3.2.2 HEMP acceptance testing overview

16.3.2.3 Shielding effectiveness acceptance testing

16.3.2.3.1 Principles

16.3.2.3.2 Scheduling

16.3.2.3.3 Facility configuration

16.3.2.3.4 Test equipment

16.3.2.3.5 Test planning and execution

16.3.2.3.6 Data recording, format, and disposition

16.3.2.4 Pulsed current injection acceptance testing

16.3.2.4.1 Principles

16.3.2.4.2 Scheduling

16.3.2.4.3 Facility configuration

16.3.2.4.4 Test equipment

16.3.2.4.5 Test planning and execution

16.3.2.4.6 Data recording, format, and disposition

16.3.3 Hardness verification testing

16.3.3.1 MIL-STD-188-125 verification test requirements

16.3.3.2 Verification test overview

16.3.3.3 Continuous wave immersion tests

16.3.3.3.1 Principles of cw immersion testing

16.3.3.3.2 Practical cw immersion issues

16.3.3.3.3 Uncertainties

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16.3.3.4 Shielding effectiveness verification testing

16.3.3.5 Pulsed current injection verification testing

16.3.3.5.1 Principles

16.3.3.5.2 Operating state analysis

16.3.3.5.3 Test equipment

16.3.3.5.4 Test planning and execution

16.3.3.5.5 Data recording, format, and disposition

16.3.3.6 Verification of special protective measures

16.3.3.6.1 Hardening using special protective measures

16.3.3.6.2 Overview of verification for SPMs

16.3.3.6.3 Coupling measurements

16.3.3.6.4 Coupling measurement uncertainties

16.3.3.6.5 Verification of MEE outside the HEMP barrier

16.3.3.6.6 Verification of susceptible MEE inside the HEMP barrier

16.3.3.6.7 Special protective volumes

16.3.3.7 Statement of hardness verification

16.3.3.7.1 Hardness criteria

16.3.3.7.2 Reporting requirements

16.3.3.7.3 Discussion

16.3.3.8 Other useful tests

16.3.3.8.1 Preliminary tests

16.3.3.8.2 Evaluation of safety margin

16.4 References

17. RELIABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY, AND TESTABILITY

17.1 Basic principles

17.1.1 Reliability, maintainability, and testability principles

17.1.2 Reliability, maintainability, and testability source documents . . . 494

17.2 Reliability and maintainability

17.2.1 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

17.2.2 General design guidance

17.2.3 Reliability and maintainability programs

17.2.4 Provisioning

17.2.4.1 Spares and repair parts

17.2.4.2 Special tools and test equipment

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17.3 Testability

17.3.1 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

17.3.2 General design guidance

17.3.3 Access for visual inspection

17.3.4 Shielding effectiveness testability

17.3.5 Built-in shield monitor

17.3.5.1 Qualitative monitoring systems

17.3.5.2 Quantitative monitoring systems

17.3.6 Pulsed current injection testability

17.3.6.1 Circuit flexibility

17.3.6.2 Electrical system design

17.3.6.3 Penetration entry area design

17.3.6.4 Filter/surge arrester assembly design

17.3.7 Continuous wave immersion testability

17.4 References

18. SAFETY AND HUMAN ENGINEERING

18.1 Basic principles

18.1.1 Safety and human engineering principles

18.1.2 Safety and human engineering source documents

18.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

18.3 Applications

18.3.1 General design guidance

18.3.2 Personnel entryway and shielded door design

18.3.2.1 Number and types of entryways

18.3.2.2 Entryway lighting and ventilation

18.3.2.3 Shielded doors

18.3.2.4 Shielded door interlocks and alarms

18.3.3 Equipment access POE cover design

18.3.4 Filter/ESA assembly designs

18.3.4.1 Filter and ESA selection

18.3.4.2 Filter/ESA enclosure

18.3.5 Shielded pull boxes and other small enclosures

18.3.6 Construction safety

18.3.7 Safety during acceptance and verification testing

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18.3.8 Operations and maintenance safety

18.4 References

19. HEMP CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT

19.1 Basic principles

19.1.1 Configuration management principles

19.1.2 HEMP configuration management

19.1.3 Configuration management source documents

19.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

19.3 Applications

19.3.1 Configuration management during facility design

19.3.1.1 HEMP design analyses

19.3.1.2 Design drawings

19.3.1.3 Schedules

19.3.1.4 HEMP protection subsystem specifications

19.3.2 Configuration management in the construction phase

19.3.2.1 Configuration change control

19.3.2.2 Identification of installed HCIs

19.3.2.3 As-built drawings and other configuration documentation

19.3.3 Configuration management during equipment installation

19.3.4 Operations and support phase configuration management

19.3.4.1 HEMP configuration management plan

19.3.4.2 Implementation

19.4 References

20. HARDNESS MAINTENANCE/HARDNESS SURVEILLANCE . . . 559

20.1 Basic principles

20.1.1 Hardness critical items and assemblies

20.1.2 Hardness critical processes

20.1.3 Hardness maintenance

20.1.4 Hardness surveillance

20.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

20.3 Applications

20.3.1 General guidance

20.3.2 HM/HS concept development

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20.3.3 Reliability, maintainability, and testability in design and construction . . . 567

20.3.4 HEMP protection subsystem technical manual

20.3.5 Preventive maintenance and inspection procedures

20.3.5.1 HEMP shield

20.3.5.2 Shielded door assemblies

20.3.5.3 Shielded access covers

20.3.5.4 Piping WBC penetration protection

20.3.5.5 Ventilation and fiber optic WBC penetration protective devices . . 577

20.3.5.6 Filter/ESA assemblies

20.3.5.7 Conduit penetrations

20.3.5.8 Shielded enclosures

20.3.5.9 Special protective measures

20.3.5.10 PMI schedule

20.3.5.11 PMI manpower

20.3.6 Corrective maintenance

20.3.6.1 Required corrective maintenance procedures

20.3.6.2 Corrective maintenance procedure example

20.3.6.3 Corrective maintenance manpower requirements

20.3.7 Periodic hardness surveillance/reverification testing

20.3.7.1 Frequency of testing

20.3.7.2 Hardness surveillance survey

20.3.7.3 Test documentation

20.3.7.4 Surveillance/reverification test requirements

20.3.7.4.1 Barrier effectiveness testing

20.3.7.4.2 Pulsed current injection

20.3.7.4.3 Tests of special protective measures

20.3.8 Training

20.4 References

21. HEMP PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

21.1 Basic principles

21.1.1 The HEMP program manager

21.1.2 The facility life cycle

21.1.3 Facility acquisition organization

21.1.4 Military service differences

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21.2 MIL-STD-188-125 requirements

21.3 Planning, programming, and budgeting phase

21.3.1 Milestones

21.3.2 Execution

21.3.2.1 HEMP requirements definition

21.3.2.2 HEMP budget estimates

21.3.2.3 Facility HEMP requirements section

21.3.2.4 HEMP program plan

21.4 Design and specification development phase

21.4.1 Milestones

21.4.2 Execution

21.4.2.1 Design contractor qualifications

21.4.2.2 HEMP design reviews

21.4.2.3 HEMP specifications review

21.4.2.4 Preparations for future phases

21.5 Construction and acceptance testing phase

21.5.1 Milestones

21.5.2 Execution

21.5.2.1 Construction contractor qualifications

21.5.2.2 Review of construction contractor submittals

21.5.2.3 HEMP construction surveillance

21.5.2.4 HEMP review of proposed construction change orders

21.5.2.5 Acceptance testing

21.5.2.6 Preparations for future phases

21.6 C-E equipment installation and acceptance testing phase

21.6.1 Milestones

21.6.2 Execution

21.6.2.1 Installation plan development

21.6.2.2 Installation surveillance

21.6.2.3 Installation acceptance testing

21.6.2.4 Preparations for future phases

21.7 Verification testing phase

21.7.1 Milestones

21.7.2 Execution

21.7.2.1 Verification test plan

21.7.2.2 Verification test execution

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21.7.2.3 Verification test report

21.7.2.4 Correction of deficiencies

21.8 Operations and support phase

21.8.1 Milestones

21.8.2 Execution

21.8.2.1 HM/HS plan development

21.8.2.2 Organizational hardness maintenance and surveillance

21.8.2.3 Periodic hardness surveillance/reverification testing

21.8.2.4 Spare parts and special equipment

21.8.2.5 HEMP training

21.8.2.6 Configuration control and facility modifications

21.9 References

APPENDIX A SAMPLE CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE

HEMP PROTECTION SUBSYSTEM

10. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE HEMP PROTECTION

SUBSYSTEM

10.1 Applicable publications

10.1.1 American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) publications . . . 650

10.1.2 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) publications

10.1.3 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) publications

10.1.4 Military standards

10.1.5 Military specifications

10.1.6 Military handbooks

10.1.7 Federal specifications

10.2 General requirements

10.2.1 Scope

10.2.2 Performance requirements

10.2.2.1 Compliance with MIL-STD-188-125

10.2.2.2 Warranty

10.2.3 Shielding contractor

10.2.3.1 Qualifications

10.2.3.2 Responsibilities

10.2.3.3 Coordination

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10.3 Components

10.3.1 Shield

10.3.2 Penetrations

10.3.2.1 Doors

10.3.2.2 Waveguide-below-cutoff penetrations

10.3.2.3 Electrical filters and electronic surge arresters (ESAs)

10.3.2.4 Shielded conduit system

10.3.2.5 Special protective components

10.3.3 Standard products

10.3.4 Standards compliance

10.3.5 Marking

10.3.6 Reliability

10.4 Delivery and storage

10.5 Installation

10.5.1 Workmanship

10.5.2 Maintainability and testability

10.5.3 Corrosion control

10.6 Quality control

10.6.1 General quality control requirements

10.6.1.1 Test procedures and results

10.6.1.2 Notification of inspections and tests

10.6.1.3 Site visits

10.6.1.4 Additional Government testing

10.6.2 Remedial action

10.7 Submittals

10.7.1 Qualifications

10.7.2 Shop drawings

10.7.2.1 Shield shop drawings

10.7.2.2 Ground system shop drawings

10.7.2.3 Shielded door shop drawings

10.7.2.4 Waveguide-below-cutoff penetration shop drawings

10.7.2.5 Filter/ESA assembly shop drawings

10.7.3 Quality control plan

10.7.4 Daily QC report requirements

10.7.5 Manufacturer's certificates of compliance

xx

10.7.6 Test plans and procedures

10.7.6.1 Acceptance test plan and procedures

10.7.6.2 Other test plans and procedures

10.7.7 Test reports

10.7.7.1 Acceptance test reports

10.7.7.2 Other test reports

10.7.8 Instruction handbook

10.7.9 Hardness maintenance procedures

20. HEMP SHIELD

20.1 General requirements

20.1.1 Performance requirements

20.1.1.1 Warranty

20.1.2 Qualifications

20.1.2.1 HEMP protection shielding contractor

20.1.2.2 Qualification of welders

20.1.3 Marking

20.2 Submittals

20.2.1 Qualification data

20.2.1.1 HEMP protection shielding contractor

20.2.1.2 Welder qualification certificates

20.2.2 Shop drawings

20.2.3 Certificates of compliance

20.2.4 Test plans and procedures

20.2.5 Test reports

20.2.6 Operation and maintenance instruction manuals

20.3 Requirements

20.3.1 Materials

20.3.1.1 Shield material

20.3.1.2 Welding materials

20.3.1.3 Miscellaneous materials and parts

20.3.2 Penetrations

20.3.2.1 Penetration identification

20.3.2.2 Penetration fixtures

20.4 Delivery and storage

xxi

MIL-HDBK-423

PARAGRAPH PAGE

20.5 Installation

20.5.1 Sequence of installation

20.5.1.1 Placement of floor shield

20.5.1.2 Protection during fabrication

20.5.1.3 Covering of shield work

20.5.2 Construction control

20.5.3 Welding for seam integrity

20.5.3.1 Welding method

20.5.3.2 Locations of welds

20.5.3.3 Weld quality

20.5.3.4 Weld defects

20.5.3.5 Welding safety

20.5.4 Control of warping

20.5.5 Shield penetrations

20.5.6 Grounding and bonding

20.5.6.1 Grounding

20.5.6.2 Bonding

20,5.7 Corrosion protection

20.6 Quality assurance

20.6.1 General requirements

20.6.2 Inspections and tests

20.6.2.1 In-progress weld inspections and tests

20.6.2.2 Complete (empty) shield effectiveness survey

20.6.3 Acceptance testing

30. SHIELDED DOORS AND ACCESS COVERS

30.1 General requirements

30.1.1 Scope

30.1.2 Performance requirements

30.1.2.1 Warranty

30.1.3 Qualifications

30.2 Marking

30.3 Submittals

30.3.1 Door manufacturer credentials

30.3.2 Shop drawings

30.3.3 Certificates of compliance

xxu

MIL-HDBK-423

PARAGRAPH PAGE

PARAGRAPH PAGE

30.3.4 Test plans and procedures

30.3.5 Test reports

30.3.6 Operation and maintenance instruction manuals

30.4 Requirements

30.4.1 Frames

30.4.2 Hinged fingerstock doors

30.4.2.1 Electromagnetic seal

30.4.2.2 Latching mechanism

30.4.2.3 Hinges

30.4.3 Sliding doors

30.4.3.1 Door and frame assembly

30.4.3.2 Electromagnetic seal

30.4.3.3 Sealing system

30.4.3.4 Power assist

30.4.3.5 Servicing

30.4.4 Magnetically operated doors

30.4.4.1 Frame and rails

30.4.4.2 Door leaf

30.4.4.3 Hinges

30.4.4.4 Operation

30.4.5 Locks and interlocks for all doors

30.4.5.1 Cypher locks

30.4.5.2 Interlocks

30.4.5.3 Electric connectivity

30.4.6 Threshold protectors

30.4.7 Painting

30.4.8 Spare parts, special tools, and supplies

30.5 Delivery and storage

30.6 Shielded door installation

30.6.1 Post-installation protection

30.7 Quality assurance

30.7.1 General requirements

30.7.2 Inspections

30.7.3 Factory testing

30.7.3.1 Swinging door static load test

30.7.3.2 Swinging door and hinged access cover sag test

xxm

PARAGRAPH PAGE

30.7.3.3 Power-operated door cycling test

30.7.3.4 Manually operated door handle pull test

30.7.4 On-site tests

30.7.4.1 Shielding effectiveness test

30.7.4.2 Interlock configuration tests

30.7.5 Acceptance testing

40. WAVEGUIDE-BELOW-CUTOFF PROTECTION

40.1 General requirements

40.1.1 Scope

40.1.2 Performance requirements

40.1.2.1 Warranty

40.1.3 Marking

40.2 Submittals

40.2.1 Manufacturer's data

40.2.2 Shop drawings

40.2.3 Test plans and procedures

40.2.4 Test reports

40.2.5 Operation and maintenance instruction manuals

40.3 Requirements

40,3.1 Piping penetration protection

40.3.1.1 Material and dimensions

40.3.1.2 Electromagnetic seal

40.3.1.3 Pipe sleeve

40.3.1.4 Weld plate

40.3.1.5 Exhausts

40.3.2 Ventilation penetration protection

40.3.2.1 WBC array construction and dimensions

40.3.2.2 Electromagnetic seal

40.3.2.3 Mounting frame

40.3.2.4 Pressure drop

40.3.2.5 Attachments

40.3.3 Fiber optic cable penetration protection

40.3.4 Microwave communications penetration

40.4 Delivery and storage

40.5 Installation

xxiv

PARAGRAPH PAGE

40.6 Quality assurance

40.6.1 General requirements

40.6.2 Inspections

40.6.3 Factory testing of commercially manufactured WBC protective devices 688

40.6.4 Acceptance testing

50. FILTER/ESA ASSEMBLIES

50.1 General requirements

50.1.1 Scope

50.1.2 Performance requirements

50.1.2.1 Warranty

50.1.3 Standard products

50.1.4 Standards compliance

50.2 Submittals

50.2.1 Manufacturer's data

50.2.2 Shop drawings

50.2.3 Certificates of compliance

50.2.4 Test plans and procedures

50.2.5 Test reports

50.2.6 Operation and maintenance instruction manuals

50.3 Requirements

50.3.1 Electrical filters

50.3.1.1 Filter construction

50.3.1.2 Filter mounting

50.3.1.3 Filter replaceability

50.3.1.4 Filter terminals

50.3.1.5 Bleeder resistor

50.3.1.6 Marking of filters

50.3.1.7 Voltage rating

50.3.1.8 Current rating

50.3.1.9 Operating frequency

50.3.1.10 Passband impedance

50.3.1.11 Insertion loss

50.3.1.12 Voltage drop

50.3.1.13 Insulation resistance

xxv

PARAGRAPH PAGE

50.3.1.14 Dielectric withstanding voltage

50.3.1.15 Current overload capability

50.3.1.16 Reactive shunt current

50.3.1.17 Parallel filters

50.3.1.18 Harmonic distortion

50.3.1.19 Operating temperature range

50.3.1.20 Temperature rise

50.3.1.21 Minimum life

50.3.2 Electronic surge arresters

50.3.2.1 ESA construction

50.3.2.2 ESA mounting

50.3.2.3 ESA replaceability

50.3.2.4 ESA terminals

50.3.2.5 Marking of ESAs

50.3.2.6 Voltage rating

50.3.2.7 Operating frequency

50.3.2.8 Varistor voltage at 1 mA dc current and spark gap dc breakdown voltage 695

50.3.2.9 ESA impulse sparkover voltage

50.3.2.10 ESA clamping voltage

50.3.2.11 ESA extinguishing characteristics

50.3.2.12 Extreme duty discharge capability

50.3.2.13 Operating temperature range

50.3.2.14 Minimum operating life

50.3.3 Filter/ESA enclosures

50.3.3.1 Enclosure construction

50.3.3.2 Enclosure configuration

50.3.3.3 Access openings and cover plates

50.3.3.4 Conduit connections

50.3.3.5 Ground bus

50.3.3.6 Enclosure mounting

50.3.3.7 Marking of enclosures

50.3.4 Filter/ESA assemblies

50.3.4.1 Insertion loss

50.3.4.2 Insulation resistance

xxvi

PARAGRAPH PAGE

50.3.4.3 Dielectric withstanding voltage

50.3.4.4 Operating temperature

50.3.4.5 Temperature rise

50.3.4.6 Pulsed current injection testing

50.3.4.7 Shielding effectiveness

50.4 Delivery and storage

50.5 Installation

50.6 Quality assurance

50.6.1 General requirements

50.6.2 Inspection and test requirements

50.6.2.1 Filters

50.6.2.2 ESAs

50.6.2.3 Enclosures

50.6.2.4 Filter/ESA assemblies

50.6.3 Test methods

50.6.3.1 Terminal strength test (filters and ESAs)

50.6.3.2 Filter insertion loss measurements

50.6.3.3 Filter voltage drop/dc resistance measurements

50.6.3.4 Filter insulation resistance measurements

50.6.3.5 Filter dielectric withstanding voltage test

50.6.3.6 Filter current overload test

50.6.3.7 Filter reactive shunt current measurement

50.6.3.8 Power filter current sharing measurements

50.6.3.9 Filter harmonic distortion measurements

50.6.3.10 Filter temperature rise measurements

50.6.3.11 Varistor voltage at 1 mA dc current and spark gap dc breakdown voltage measurements

50.6.3.12 ESA impulse sparkover voltage measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 7 04

50.6.3.13 ESA clamping voltage measurement

50.6.3.14 ESA extinguishing test

50.6.3.15 ESA extreme duty discharge measurements

50.6.3.16 ESA minimum operating life test

50.6.3.17 Filter/ESA assembly insertion loss measurements

50.6.3.18 Filter/ESA assembly insulation resistance measurements xxvii

PARAGRAPH PAGE

50.6.3.19 Filter/ESA dielectric withstanding voltage test

50.6.3.20 Filter/ESA assembly thermal measurements

60. SHIELDED CONDUITS AND PULL BOXES

60.1 General requirements

60.1.1 Marking

60.2 Requirements

60.2.1 Material and dimensions

60.2.2 Shielded conduit

60.2.3 Shielded pull boxes

60.2.4 Corrosion protection

60.3 Installation

60.4 Quality assurance

60.4.1 Inspections and tests

60.4.2 Acceptance testing

70. SPECIAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES FOR CONDENSING UNITS . . 709

70.1 General requirements

70.1.1 Marking

70.2 Requirements

70.2.1 Shielded conduits, pull boxes, and enclosures

70.2.2 Filter/ESA assemblies

70.2.3 Motor and sensor protection

70.3 Installation

70.3.1 Inspections and tests

70.3.2 Acceptance testing

80. HEMP PROTECTION SUBSYSTEM ACCEPTANCE TESTING . . 711

80.1 General requirements

80.1.1 Scope

80.1.2 Requirements

80.1.3 Qualifications

80.2 Submittals

80.2.1 Testing agency credentials

XXVlll

PARAGRAPH PAGE

80.2.2 Acceptance test plan and procedures

80.2.3 Acceptance test report

80.3 Requirements

80.3.1 General quality assurance requirements

80.3.2 Shielding effectiveness test

80.3.3 Pulsed current injection test

80.3.4 Condensing units

80.3.4.1 Shielded conduits and enclosures

80.3.4.2 Filter/ESA tests

APPENDIX B COST OF HEMP PROTECTION

10. GENERAL

10.1 Scope

10.2 Applications

20. INITIAL CONSTRUCTION, ACCEPTANCE TESTING, AND HEMP

COSTS

30. HEMP COST DURING COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS

EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION

40. HEMP VERIFICATION COST

50. HM/HS PLAN DEVELOPMENT COST

60. HARDNESS MAINTENANCE AND SURVEILLANCE COSTS . . . 720

APPENDIX C DATA ITEM DESCRIPTIONS

10. INTRODUCTION

20. DATA ITEM DESCRIPTION LISTS

20.1 Facility (nuclear survivability and HEMP) requirements

20.2 Nuclear survivability and HEMP program plan

20.3 Nuclear survivability and HEMP design report

20.4 Nuclear survivability and HEMP test plan and procedures

XXIX

PARAGRAPH PAGE

20.5 Nuclear survivabihty and HEMP test report

20.6 Nuclear survivability and HEMP hardness maintenance and

hardness surveillance plan

20.7 Configuration management plan

20.8 Reliability, maintainability, and testability program plans

30. REFERENCES

FIGURE

1 Overview of HEMP protection in facilities

2 HEMP ground coverage for bursts at various heights

3 Qualitative HEMP time history and spectrum

4 Compton collision process

5 Geometry for the production of early-time HEMP

6 HEMP source region

7 System response

8 Development of current induced in long lines

9 Coupling model for antenna response

10 Effective and ineffective HEMP barriers

11 Zonal or allocated hardening

12 Shield topology options

13 Typical POEs for a fixed ground-based facility

14 Penetration entry area and major aperture POE locations

15 Sample shield penetration schedule

16 Sample filter/ESA schedule

17 Simplified power generation and distribution schematic

18 Magnetic shielding effectiveness of spherical shell enclosure versus normalized frequency for various values of parameter K

19 Pan-welded shield seam

20 Pan-welded floor shield under raised floor

21 Floor shield pan joint with wear slab

22 Butt-welded shield seam

23 Butt-welded shield seam with plug welds

24 Butt-welded shield seam with steel backing

25 Basic lap-welded shield seam

XXX

FIGURE PAGE

26 Lap-welded preshaped sheets

27 Wall/floor shield joint

28 Wall/ceiling shield joint

29 Longitudinal and transverse shrinkage

30 Skip welding techniques

31 Longitudinal stress vs. bead length

32 Electromagnetic penetration of small apertures

33 Rectangular waveguide-below-cutoff

34 Electromagnetic closure

35 Electromagnetic seal with rf gasket

36 Typical fingerstock

37 Example of main personnel entryway

38 Waveguide entryway configurations

39 Waveguide entryway electrical installation without longitudinal conduits. 151

40 A lighting concept providing light transmission through acrylic tubes. . 152

41 Entryway lighting through waveguides-be low-cutoff

42 Two seal designs for fingerstock shielded doors

43 Two designs of bellows-sealed doors

44 Magnetically operated shielded door

45 Welded equipment access design

46 Gasketed equipment access design

47 Weld plates with WBC protective devices

48 Pipe penetration through a WBC sleeve

49 Chilled water pipe penetrations

50 Computer air conditioner drain line penetration details

51 Generator exhaust penetration

52 Boiler exhaust through the ceiling shield

53 Welded waveguide array panel

54 Welded WBC panel assembled from square metal tubes

55 Waveguide matrix detail

56 Installed WBC array

57 Alternate installation of a WBC array

58 Commercial honeycomb ventilation WBC array panel

59 Overall shield concept

60 Shield expansion joint

61 Shield configuration at an interior column with rigid attachments xxxi

FIGURE PAGE

62 Shield configuration at an interior column with no rigid attachments. . . 202

63 Plan and elevation drawings of a column shield assembly

64 Alternate treatment of a steel column at the floor shield

65 Partition wall installation

66 Steel beam incorporated into the HEMP barrier

67 Steel beam not incorporated into the HEMP barrier

68 Floor shield attachment to the slab

69 Typical techniques for attachments to the shield

70 Norton and Thevenin equivalent circuits for sources driving electrical

POEs

71 Basic multistage configuration of an ESA

72 Transient suppressor symbols

73 Simple configuration for a two-electrode gas tube

74 Volt-ampere characteristics of a gas tube

75 Voltage divider action between source impedance and clamp impedance. . . 226

76 Equivalent circuit of a varistor

77 V-I characteristic of a varistor

78 Differential mode surge created by different time to sparkover of two separate gas tubes

79 Mutual coupling between upstream and downstream loops

80 Pulse rating curves with "indefinite" rating added

81 Hybrid parallel combination of ESAs

82 Examples of fuse protection against ESA failure, 83 Insertion loss of filters

84 Insertion loss of capacitive-input filter for various source and load impedances

85 Acceptance test circuit

86 Capacitive-input power line filter—short pulse response (Ro = 50 fl, RL = 2ty

87 Capacitive-input filter response to intermediate pulse

(Ro = 50 f7, RL = 2fi)

88 Responses of capacitive-input filter to the long pulse (RQ = 3 n, RL = 2 f7). 251

89 Insertion loss of inductive-input filter for various (source/load) impedances. . . 252 xxxn

FIGURE PAGE

90 Responses of an inductive-input filter to a short pulse for 50 H and 300 0 source impedances and 2 (7 load

91 Responses of an inductive-input filter to the intermediate pulse for 50 f7 source impedance and 2 ft load

92 Principle of common mode rejection using transformer

93 Principle of common mode rejection and dc blocking with power transformer.

94 Magnitude of transfer function relating common mode primary voltage to common mode secondary voltage across a 100 f7 load for the test transformers (reference 12-

21)

95 Magnitude of transfer function relating common mode primary voltage to differential mode secondary voltage across a 100 fl load for the test transformers (reference

12-21)

96 Low-frequency equivalent circuit of a power transformer

97 Insertion loss of 500 kVA delta-wye shielded isolation transformer

98 Motor-generator used to eliminate electric power penetration

99 Hydraulic motor-generator set

100 Typical time-current curves for a 30-A fuse and a 30-A circuit breaker

101 Fiber optic conversion and shield protection

102 Sensitivity of a PIN photodiode and an avalanche photodiode (reference 12-22). 273

103 Variation of current impulses into filter with series inductance

104 Filter/MOV response to the intermediate pulse

105 Distribution transformer in configuration to serve as the long-pulse barrier

106 Overall arrangement of power service

107 Schematic diagram of distribution transformer configuration

108 Installation of MOV lightning arrester on transformer

109 Installation of MOV lightning arrester at last pole

110 Integrated power feeder protection

111 Special protective measures for optoelectronic converter on an audio/data cable

112 Power and grounding arrangement for optoelectronic converter on an audio/data cable xxxm

FIGURE PAGE

113 Example of a HEMP filter for high data rate communications circuits

114 Schematic of DNA high data rate filter (reference 12-8)

115 Isolation transformer for long pulse isolation (protected with a gas tube). . . 304

116 Feedthrough connector for bonding rf cable shield to shield

117 Bulkhead connector for bonding cable shield to shield

118 Protection elements for antenna lines operating at HF and lower

119 MF radio receiver HEMP protection device (reference 12-8)

120 One kilowatt HF transceiver HEMP protection device (reference 12-8). . . 316

121 VHF television receiver HEMP protection device (reference 12-8)

122 UHF receiver HEMP protection device (reference 12-8)

123 UHF antenna line protection

124 Shield and internal equipment excitation by external conductor currents

125 Use of single entry area to minimize external excitation of facility HEMP shield. 325

126 Schematic diagram of penetration entry area

127 Reentrant filter compartment

128 Protruding filter compartment

129 Filter and surge arrester compartment in penetration entry area

130 Proper bonding of ground conductor to shield

131 Grounding interface with the HEMP shield

132 Current paths for a low-pass filter

133 Typical exothermic bond configurations (reference 13-2)

134 Illustration of special protective requirements

135 Design approach

136 Environments analysis task

137 Typical damage thresholds (reference 14-5)

138 Special protective measures for an external antenna subsystem

139 Shield-within-a-shield

140 Techniques for eliminating oversized piping penetrations

141 Special protective barrier constructed with cable and equipment cabinet shields

142 Satellite antenna and antenna structural shield xxxiv

FIGURE PAGE

143 HEMP testing sequence

144 Examples of weld beads

145 Examples of unsatisfactory or poor welds

146 Magnetic particle testing

147 Typical shield drive SEEDS test setup

148 SELDS testing with loop excitation

149 Shielding effectiveness test geometry

150 Plane wave test configuration

151 Magnetic field test configuration

152 Shielding effectiveness measurements for a special protective volume. . . 428

153 Sample shielding effectiveness data sheet

154 PCI acceptance test wire-to-ground configuration

155 Double exponential waveform

156 Damped sinusoidal waveform

157 Typical PCI data recording system

158 PCI wire-to-shield acceptance test

159 PCI conduit-to-ground acceptance test

160 Additional PCI measurements for a special protective volume

161 Immersion test configuration (raw data)

162 Processing required from raw data to final result (only magnitudes are shown). . 460

163 Electric field measurements and the MIL-STD-188-125 pass/fail criterion

164 Transmitting antenna position selection

165 Power line common mode injection test

166 Earth terminal complex

167 Mission-essential motor protected with special protective measures

168 Verification for MEE located outside the electromagnetic barrier

169 Shielding effectiveness tests

170 Clear volumes for shielding effectiveness testability

171 Test penetrations

172 Built-in shield monitoring systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 1

173 Typical PCI test configurations

174 Typical penetration entry area

175 Filter/ESA assembly configuration for PCI testing

176 Possible high-voltage, high-current filter/ESA assembly configuration. . 521 xxxv

FIGURE PAGE

177 Continuous wave immersion test configuration

178 Horizontal dipole antenna

179 "Imbedded" electrical POE protective device

180 Floor plan indicating the location of the electromagnetic barrier

181 Section drawing indicating the location of the electromagnetic barrier. . 548

182 HCI identification marking

183 Typical HCI list

184 Sample PMI procedure

185 Sample corrective maintenance procedure

186 Hardened facility life cycle diagram

187 HEMP activities in the PP&B phase

188 Estimate for verification test costs

189 Design phase HEMP activities

190 Construction phase HEMP activities

191 HEMP activities during C-E equipment installation phase

192 HEMP verification test activities

193 HEMP activities during O&S

194 Total building construction cost versus HEMP-protected floor area. . . 715

TABLE

I Major events

II HEMP generation regimes and mechanisms

III Double exponential waveform parameters

IV Reasonable worst case HEMP response for power and communication lines

V Reasonable worst case HEMP response for antennas

VI Shield seam construction methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I l l

VII Dielectric constants of liquids

VIII Parameters for the double exponential representation of the electrical

POE sources

IX Action and charge transfer of the HEMP-induced pulses and a lightning flash

X Peak voltage and current in a 50 H coaxial cable as a function of the rf power

XI Special protective measures for an external condensing unit xxxvi

XII Galvanic series of common metals and alloys

XIII Common types of stainless steels

XIV Shielding effectiveness test equipment requirements

XV PCI acceptance test amplitudes and waveforms

XVI Maximum allowable residual internal response characteristics for acceptance testing electrical POEs

XVII PCI acceptance test equipment requirements

XVIII MIL-STD-188-125 cw immersion measurements

XIX Penetration ratings by reliability/maintainability

XX Hardness configuration management plan outline

XXI HCI degradation mechanisms

XXII HEMP awareness training

XXIII Maintenance personnel training

XXIV Military Department information relevant to HEMP facility acquisition

XXV Content of the HEMP section in the facilities requirement document

XXVI HEMP program plan outline

XXVII Design checklist for preliminary and final reviews

XXVIII Construction surveillance checklist

XXIX Acceptance test plan outline

XXX Acceptance test report

XXXI HEMP verification test plan outline

XXXII HEMP verification test report outline

XXXIII HM/HS plan outline

XXXIV HEMP protection costs for U.S. ground-based facilities

XXXV Comparison of HEMP protection costs from independent sources. . . 719 xxxvii/xxxviii

MIL-HDBK-423

PAGE TABLE

1. SCOPE

1.1 Purpose. The two-volume MIL-HDBK-423 handbook set provides information to managers and engineers responsible for the design, construction, testing, and hardness maintenance/hardness surveillance of fixed and transportable ground-based facilities that must be hardened against the high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP). The primary purpose of this Volume I is to provide detailed guidance to implement HEMP protection of fixed facilities in accordance with the requirements of MIL-STD-188-125, "High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) Protection for

Ground-Based C I Facilities Performing Critical, Time-Urgent Missions." Volume II provides similar guidance for ground-mobile and transportable facilities.

1.2 Content. This handbook provides design guidance and examples of good practice to support compliance with the requirements stated in MIL-STD-188-125. That standard calls for the establishment of an electromag