ASME B30.9 SLINGS.pdf

A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D

ASME B30.9-2021

(Revision of ASME B30.9-2018)

Slings

Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

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(Revision of ASME B30.9-2018)

Slings

Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA x

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Date of Issuance: December 22, 2021

Thenexteditionof this Standard is scheduled for publication in2024. This Standardwill becomeeffective 1year after theDateof Issuance.

ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Interpretations are published on the ASME website under the Committee Pages at http://cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued.

Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME website under the Committee Pages to provide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.

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This code or standardwas developed under procedures accredited asmeeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standardwas balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.

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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2021 by

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.

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CONTENTS

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

B30 Standard Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

Chapter 9-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, Rigger Responsibilities, Translations, and References

Section 9-0.1 Scope of ASME B30.9 Section 9-0.2 Definitions Section 9-0.3 Personnel Competence Section 9-0.4 Rigger Responsibilities Section 9-0.5 Original and Translated Technical and Safety-Related Information Section 9-0.6 References Chapter 9-1 Alloy Steel Chain Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 9-1.0 Scope Section 9-1.1 Training Section 9-1.2 Components Section 9-1.3 Fabrication and Configurations Section 9-1.4 Design Factor Section 9-1.5 Rated Load Section 9-1.6 Proof Test Requirements Section 9-1.7 Sling Identification Section 9-1.8 Effects of Environment Section 9-1.9 Inspection, Removal, and Repair Section 9-1.10 Operating Practices Chapter 9-2 Wire Rope Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 9-2.0 Scope Section 9-2.1 Training Section 9-2.2 Components Section 9-2.3 Fabrication and Configurations Section 9-2.4 Design Factor Section 9-2.5 Rated Load Section 9-2.6 Proof Test Requirements Section 9-2.7 Sling Identification Section 9-2.8 Effects of Environment Section 9-2.9 Inspection, Removal, and Repair Section 9-2.10 Operating Practices Chapter 9-3 Metal Mesh Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 9-3.0 Scope iii

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Section 9-3.1 Training Section 9-3.2 Components Section 9-3.3 Fabrication and Configurations Section 9-3.4 Design Factor Section 9-3.5 Rated Load Section 9-3.6 Proof Test Requirements Section 9-3.7 Sling Identification Section 9-3.8 Effects of Environment Section 9-3.9 Inspection, Removal, and Repair Section 9-3.10 Operating Practices Chapter 9-4 Synthetic Rope Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 9-4.0 Scope Section 9-4.1 Training Section 9-4.2 Components Section 9-4.3 Fabrication and Configurations Section 9-4.4 Design Factor Section 9-4.5 Rated Load Section 9-4.6 Proof Test Requirements Section 9-4.7 Sling Identification Section 9-4.8 Effects of Environment Section 9-4.9 Inspection, Removal, and Repair Section 9-4.10 Operating Practices Chapter 9-5 Synthetic Webbing Slings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 9-5.0 Scope Section 9-5.1 Training Section 9-5.2 Components Section 9-5.3 Fabrication and Configurations Section 9-5.4 Design Factor Section 9-5.5 Rated Load Section 9-5.6 Proof Test Requirements Section 9-5.7 Sling Identification Section 9-5.8 Effects of Environment Section 9-5.9 Inspection, Removal, and Repair Section 9-5.10 Operating Practices Chapter 9-6 Polyester Roundslings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 9-6.0 Scope Section 9-6.1 Training Section 9-6.2 Components Section 9-6.3 Fabrication and Configurations Section 9-6.4 Design Factor Section 9-6.5 Rated Load Section 9-6.6 Proof Test Requirements Section 9-6.7 Sling Identification Section 9-6.8 Effects of Environment Section 9-6.9 Inspection, Removal, and Repair iv

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Section 9-6.10 Operating Practices Chapter 9-7 High Performance Roundslings: Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 9-7.0 Scope Section 9-7.1 Training Section 9-7.2 Components Section 9-7.3 Fabrication and Configurations Section 9-7.4 Design Factor Section 9-7.5 Rated Load Section 9-7.6 Proof Test Requirements Section 9-7.7 Sling Identification Section 9-7.8 Effects of Environment Section 9-7.9 Inspection, Removal, and Repair Section 9-7.10 Operating Practices

Nonmandatory Appendix A Sling Protection

Figures 9-1.0-1 Alloy Steel Chain Slings: Configurations, Components, and Hitches 9-1.5-1 Angle of Loading 9-2.0-1 Wire Rope Sling 9-2.0-2 Wire Rope 9-2.3.2-1 Minimum Sling Length 9-2.3.2-2 Minimum Braided Sling Length 9-2.5-1 Angle of Loading 9-2.9.5-1 Cable-Laid Wire Rope Sling 9-2.10.1-1 D/d Ratio: Wire Rope Slings 9-3.0-1 Metal Mesh Sling 9-3.5-1 Angle of Loading 9-3.10.1-1 Angle of Choke: Metal Mesh Slings 9-4.0-1 Synthetic Fiber Rope Slings 9-4.5-1 Hitch Types for Synthetic Rope Slings 9-4.5-2 Angle of Loading 9-4.10.1-1 D/d Ratio: Synthetic Rope Slings 9-5.0-1 Synthetic Webbing Slings 9-5.0-2 Synthetic Webbing Sling Nomenclature 9-5.5-1 Angle of Loading 9-6.0-1 Polyester Roundsling Types 9-6.5-1 Angle of Loading 9-7.0-1 High Performance Roundsling Types 9-7.5-1 Angle of Loading A-3-1 Sling Protection Types to Help Resist Against Abrasion Damage A-3-2 Sling Protection Types to Help Resist Local Bearing Pressure or Cutting Damage v

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Tables 9-1.8.1-1 Effect of Elevated Temperature on Rated Load of Alloy Steel Chain 9-1.9.5-1 Minimum Allowable Thickness at Any Point on a Link 9-1.10.1-1 Basket Sling Hitch-Rated Capacity Affected by D/d 9-2.10.1-1 Angle of Choke: Wire Rope Slings 9-3.2.1-1 Fabric Construction: Metal Mesh Slings 9-4.10.1-1 Angle of Choke: Synthetic Rope Slings 9-5.10.1-1 Angle of Choke: Synthetic Webbing Slings 9-6.10.1-1 Angle of Choke: Polyester Roundslings 9-7.10.1-1 Angle of Choke: High Performance Roundslings vi

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FOREWORD

This AmericanNational Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has beendevelopedunder theprocedures accreditedby theAmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standardhad its beginning in December 1916, when an eight-page “Code of Safety Standards for Cranes,” prepared by the American Society ofMechanical Engineers (ASME) Committee on the Protection of IndustrialWorkers,was presented at the annual meeting of the ASME.

Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920 to 1925 involving the ASMESafety CodeCorrelatingCommittee, theAssociationof Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers, theAmericanMuseumof Safety, the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC) [later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to theUnitedStatesofAmerica Standards Institute (USASI), and finally toANSI],Departmentof Labor—StateofNew Jersey,Department of Labor and Industry—State of Pennsylvania, and theLocomotiveCraneManufacturersAssociation.

On June11, 1925, theAESCapproved theASMESafetyCodeCorrelatingCommittee’s recommendationandauthorized the project with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.

In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to a Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2, 1926, and the Committee was organized on November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 national organizations.

Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page Code published by ASME in 1916 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the “Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists.” The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks, but due to inputs and commentson thosedrafts, the Sectional Committeedecided in1938 tomake the requirements for jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was published addressing a multitude of equipment types, and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was published addressing only jacks. Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safety standards.

Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industry in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorshipofASMEand theBureauofYards andDocks (nowtheNaval FacilitiesEngineering Command), was reorganized on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The new Committee changed the format of ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be published in separate volumes that could completely cover the construction, installation, inspection, testing, mainte-nance, and operation of each type of equipment that was included in the scope of ASA B30.2. This format change resulted inB30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, andB30.16being initially published as “Revisions” of B30.2,with the remainder of theB30 volumes being published as totally new volumes. ASA changed its name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, which resulted inB30volumes from1943 to1968beingdesignated asASAB30, USASB30, orANSIB30, dependingon their date of publication. In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee operating under procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.

This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules thatmay serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be required by employers of their employees. In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unne-cessary hardship, the administrative or regulatory authoritymay grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use of other devices ormethods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree of protection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard, administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordance with the format described in Section IX of the B30 Standard Intro-duction, before rendering decisions on disputed points.

Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from committee consideration of factors suchas technological advances, newdata, andchangingenvironmental and industryneeds.Revisionsdonot imply that previous editions were inadequate.

The first edition of ASMEB30.9was issued in 1971; new editionswere published in 1984, 1990, 1996, 2003, 2006, and 2010. The 2014 edition contained extensive revisions including the use of the term load handling to recognize that the load could be moving vertically or horizontally, and removal of the rated load tables, and addressed personnel compe-tence and translations. The 2018 edition contained guidance concerning the inspection of stored slings, rigger respon-sibilities, and an entire chapter dedicated to high performance roundslings. This 2021 edition contains the new vii

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Nonmandatory Appendix A on Sling Protection, a new definition of endless sling (alloy chain), and updated sections addressing proof test requirements, rated load, and operating practices, as well as other updates.

This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, was approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on September 9, 2021.

viii

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ASME B30 COMMITTEE

Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)

STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS

T. L. Blanton, Chair E. D. Fidler, Vice Chair S. D. Wood, Vice Chair K. Peterson, Secretary

STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

N. E. Andrew, Neil E. Andrew and Associates, LLC B. B. Bacon, Tennessee Valley Authority T. L. Blanton, OGR Consulting Services, LLC P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.

P. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.

J. R. Burkey, Columbus McKinnon Corp.

B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services J. A. Danielson, The Boeing Co.

D. R. Decker, Becket, LLC L. D. Demark, Sr., Equipment Training Solutions, LLC D. W. Eckstine, Eckstine and Associates E. D. Fidler, Grove U.S., LLC M. Gardiner, ICC Forensics, LLC J. A. Gilbert, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators D. A. Henninger, Bridon Bekaert, The Ropes Group G. B. Hetherston, Hetherston Consulting, LLC M. M. Jaxtheimer, Navy Crane Center P. R. Juhren, Morrow Equipment Co., LLC R. M. Kohner, Landmark Engineering Services A. J. Lusi, Jr., Lumark Consulting, LLP L. D. Means, Means Engineering and Consulting, P.C.

M. W. Mills, Liberty Mutual Insurance R. M. Parnell, Industrial Training International — Field Service J. T. Perkins, All Material Handling B. A. Pickett, Systems Engineering and Forensic Services J. A. Pilgrim, Manitowoc Cranes S. K. Rammelsberg, McDermott K. Reynolds, Shell Exploration and Production J. E. Richardson, U.S. Department of the Navy J. W. Rowland III, Consultant A. R. Ruud, Atkinson Construction L. K. Shapiro, Howard I. Shapiro and Associates D. W. Smith, J.E. Spear Consulting, LP W. J. Smith, Jr., NationsBuilders Insurance Services, Inc.

R. S. Stemp, Lampson International, LLC R. G. Strain, Advanced Crane Technologies, LLC J. Sturm, Sturm Corp.

D. Sullivan, International Union of Operating Engineers Local 542

Joint Apprenticeship and Training Committee P. D. Sweeney, Riverside Engineering, LLC E. P. Vliet, Consultant J. D.Wiethorn, International CraneandConstruction Safety Solutions

R. C. Wild, CJ Drilling, Inc.

S. D. Wood, Terex Corp.

R. J. Bolen, Alternate, Consultant D. Boyle, Alternate, The Crosby Group, Inc.

B. M. Casey, Alternate, Electric Boat M. Chaudanson, Alternate, Howard I. Shapiro and Associates W. C. Dickinson, Jr., Alternate, Crane Industry Services, LLC D. Duerr, Alternate, 2DM Associates, Inc.

M. Eckstine, Alternate, Safelift, LLC S. R. Fletcher, Alternate, Cowles, Murphy, Glover and Associates T. Gordon, Alternate, International Union of Operating Engineers

Local 14 Training Fund J. B. Greenwood, Alternate, Navy Crane Center C. K. Hale, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.

D. F. Jordan, Alternate, American International Crane Bureau K. Kennedy, Alternate, Navy Crane Center D. Lavoie, Alternate, Liberty Mutual Insurance J. Lindsay, Alternate, Link-Belt Construction Equipment J. P. Mihlbauer, Jr., Alternate, All Ship and Cargo Surveys, Ltd.

G. D. Miller, Alternate, Manitowoc Cranes D. A. Moore, Alternate, Unified Engineering L. S. Olver, Alternate, Kolo Holdings, Inc.

J. M. Randall, Alternate, McDermott G. Mark Ray, Alternate, Tennessee Valley Authority C. L. Richardson, Alternate, Lone Star Rigging, LP M. Riggs, Alternate, Riggsafe Solutions, Inc.

J. R. Schober, Alternate, American Bridge Co.

J. Schoppert, Alternate, NBIS Claims and Risk Management T. Sicklesteel, Alternate, National Commission for the Certification of

Crane Operators C. H. Smith, Alternate, Morrow Equipment Co., LLC J. E. Spear, Alternate, J.E. Spear Consulting, LP J. A. Stewart, Alternate, Stewart Safety Consulting J. J. Van Egeren, Alternate, Manitowoc Cranes M. P. Zerba, Alternate, Lampson International, LLC J. W. Downs, Jr., Honorary Member, Consultant J. L. Franks, Honorary Member, Consultant C. W. Ireland, Honorary Member, National Oilwell Varco J. M. Klibert, Honorary Member, Lift-All Co., Inc.

R. W. Parry, Honorary Member, Parry Parry and Glen J. C. Ryan, Honorary Member, Boh Bros. Construction Co.

D. N. Wolff, Honorary Member, Consultant ix

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B30.9 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNEL

B. B. Bacon, Chair, Tennessee Valley Authority T. W. Klein, Vice Chair, Wireco Worldgroup N. E. Andrew, Neil E. Andrew and Associates, LLC T. L. Blanton, OGR Consulting Services, LLC P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.

D. R. Decker, Becket, LLC G. J. D’Elia, Slingmax Rigging Solutions D. Fabula, U.S. Department of the Navy M. J. Gelskey, Lift It Manufacturing Co., Inc.

J. A. Gilbert, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators D. Heins, Samson Rope Technologies P. S. Hughes, MAGNA Lifting Products D. A. Moore, Unified Engineering M. Neuzil, Six Flags T. Raines, Jr., CMCO

C. L. Richardson, Lone Star Rigging, LP J. Schroeder, Caldwell Lifting Solutions B. D. Todd, Consultant L. Townsend, FIRST Sling Technology, LLC J. R. Yochimowitz, Navy Crane Center D. Boyle, Alternate, The Crosby Group, Inc.

W. P. Conger, Alternate, Cortland Company P. Cooke, Alternate, National Rigging and Crane Training L. D. Means, Alternate, Means Engineering and Consulting, P.C.

P. Quick, Alternate, Affiliated Engineering Laboratories M. Riggs, Alternate, Riggsafe Solutions, Inc.

B. Schmoyer, Alternate, U.S. Training Consultants, LLC T. M. Varnava, Alternate, Corltand Company R.M. Parnell, ContributingMember, Industrial Training International

— Field Service

B30 INTEREST REVIEW GROUP

O. Akinboboye, Ropetech Engineering Services J. D. Cannon, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers B. Dobbs, Lifting Equipment Engineers Association M. J. Eggenberger, Berry Contracting, Inc.

A. Gomes Rocha, Industrial Training International J. B. Greenwood, Navy Crane Center N. C. Hargreaves, Hargreaves Consulting, LLC H. A. Hashem, Saudi Aramco

J. Hui, School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing A. C. Mattoli, Prowinch, LLC J. Mellott-Green, All Canadian Training Institute, Inc.

J. P. Mihlbauer, Jr., All Ship and Cargo Surveys, Ltd.

L. S. Olver, Kolo Holdings, Inc.

G. L. Owens, Consultant A. Payne, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement C.-C. Tsaur, Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

B30 REGULATORY AUTHORITY COUNCIL

C. N. Stribling, Jr., Chair, Kentucky Labor Cabinet K. Peterson, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical

Engineers R. D. Jackson, U.S. Department of Labor D. E. Latham, State of Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing, and

Regulation M. J. Nelmida, State of California, Occupational Safety and Health

Standards Board

C. Shelhamer, New York City Department of Buildings T. Taylor, Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry G. M. Thomas, South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing, and

Regulation A. O. Omran, Alternate, New York City Department of Buildings N. Reynolds, Alternate, Maryland Occupational Safety and Health x

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B30 STANDARD INTRODUCTION ð21Þ

SECTION I: SCOPE

The ASME B30 Standard contains provisions that apply to the construction, installation, operation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and use of cranes and other lifting and material-movement-related equipment. For the convenience of the reader, the Standard has been divided into separate volumes. Each volume has been written under the direction of the ASME B30 Standards Committee and has successfully completed a consensus approval process under the general auspices of the Amer-ican National Standards Institute (ANSI).

As of the date of issuance of this Volume, the B30 Stan-dard comprises the following volumes:

B30.1 Jacks, Industrial Rollers, Air Casters, and Hydraulic Gantries

B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single orMultiple Girder, TopRunning Trolley Hoist)

B30.3 Tower Cranes B30.4 Portal and Pedestal Cranes B30.5 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes B30.6 Derricks B30.7 Winches B30.8 Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks B30.9 Slings B30.10 Hooks B30.11 Monorails and Underhung Cranes (withdrawn

2018— requirements found in latest revision of B30.17)

B30.12 Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft B30.13 Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and

Associated Equipment B30.14 Side Boom Tractors B30.15 Mobile Hydraulic Cranes (withdrawn 1982 — requirements found in latest revision of B30.5)

B30.16 Overhead Underhung and Stationary Hoists B30.17 Cranes and Monorails (With Underhung Trolley or Bridge) B30.18 Stacker Cranes (Top or Under Running Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or Under Running Trolley Hoist)

B30.19 Cableways B30.20 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices

B30.21 Lever Hoists B30.22 Articulating Boom Cranes B30.23 Personnel Lifting Systems B30.24 Container Cranes B30.25 Scrap and Material Handlers B30.26 Rigging Hardware B30.27 Material Placement Systems B30.28 Balance Lifting Units B30.29 Self-Erecting Tower Cranes B30.30 Ropes B30.31 Self-Propelled, Towed, or Remote-Controlled

Hydraulic Platform Transporters1

B30.32 Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Used in Inspection, Testing, Maintenance, and Lifting Operations1

SECTION II: SCOPE EXCLUSIONS

Any exclusion of, or limitations applicable to, the equip-ment, requirements, recommendations, or operations contained in this Standard are established in the affected volume’s scope.

SECTION III: PURPOSE

The B30 Standard is intended to

(a) prevent or minimize injury to workers, and other-wise provide for the protection of life, limb, and property by prescribing safety requirements

(b) provide direction to manufacturers, owners, employers, users, and others concerned with, or respon-sible for, its application

(c) guide governments and other regulatory bodies in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of appropriate safety directives

SECTION IV: USE BY REGULATORY AGENCIES

These volumes may be adopted in whole or in part for governmental or regulatory use. If adopted for govern-mental use, the references to other national codes and standards in the specific volumes may be changed to refer to the corresponding regulations of the govern-mental authorities.

1 This volume is currently in the development process.

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SECTION V: EFFECTIVE DATE

(a) Effective Date. The effective date of this Volume of the B30 Standard shall be 1 yr after its date of issuance.

Construction, installation, inspection, testing, mainte-nance, and operation of equipment manufactured and facilities constructed after the effective date of this Volume shall conform to the mandatory requirements of this Volume.

(b) Existing Installations. Equipment manufactured and facilities constructed prior to the effective date of this Volume of the B30 Standard shall be subject to the inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation re-quirements of this Standard after the effective date.

It is not the intent of this Volume of the B30 Standard to require retrofitting of existing equipment. However,when an item is being modified, its performance requirements shall be reviewed relative to the requirements within the current volume. The need to meet the current require-ments shall be evaluated by a qualified person selected by the owner (user). Recommended changes shall be made by the owner (user) within 1 yr.

SECTION VI: REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Requirements of this Standard are characterized by use of the word shall. Recommendations of this Standard are characterized by the word should.

SECTION VII: USE OF MEASUREMENT UNITS

This Standard contains SI (metric) units as well as U.S.

Customaryunits. Thevalues stated inU.S. Customaryunits are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units are adirect (soft) conversion from the U.S. Customary units.

SECTION VIII: REQUESTS FOR REVISION

The B30 Standards Committee will consider requests for revisionof anyof the volumeswithin theB30Standard.

Such requests should be directed to

Secretary, B30 Standards Committee ASME Standards and Certification Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990

Requests should be in the following format:

Volume: Cite the designation and title of the volume.

Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the volume.

Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the relevant heading(s).

Request: Indicate the suggested revision.

Rationale: State the rationale for the suggested revision.

Upon receipt by the Secretary, the request will be forwarded to the relevant B30 Subcommittee for consid-erationandaction.Correspondencewill beprovided to the requester defining the actions undertaken by the B30 Standards Committee.

SECTION IX: REQUESTS FOR INTERPRETATION

The B30 Standards Committee will render an interpre-tation of the provisions of the B30 Standard. An Interpre-tation Submittal Form is available on ASME’s website at http://cstools.asme.org/Interpretation/Interpretation- Form.cfm.

Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific provision suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for approval of a proprietary design or situation. Plans or drawings that explain the question may be submitted to clarify the question.

However, they should not contain any proprietary names or information. Read carefully the note addressing the types of requests that the B30 Standards Committee can and cannot consider.

Upon submittal, the request will be forwarded to the relevant B30 Subcommittee for a draft response, which will then be subject to approval by the B30 Standards Committeeprior to its formal issuance. TheB30Standards Committeemayrewrite thequestion for the sakeof clarity.

Interpretations to the B30 Standard will be available online at https://cstools.asme.org/Interpretation/ SearchInterpretation.cfm.

SECTION X: ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE

The equipment covered by the B30 Standard is subject tohazards that cannotbeabatedbymechanicalmeans, but only by the exercise of intelligence, care, and common sense. It is therefore essential to have personnel involved in the use andoperation of equipmentwho are competent, careful, physically and mentally qualified, and trained in the proper operation of the equipment and the handling of loads. Serious hazards include, but are not limited to, improper or inadequate maintenance, overloading, drop-ping or slipping of the load, obstructing the free passage of the load, and using equipment for a purpose for which it was not intended or designed.

The B30 Standards Committee fully realizes the impor-tance of proper design factors, minimum or maximum dimensions, and other limiting criteria of wire rope or chain and their fastenings, sheaves, sprockets, drums, and similar equipment covered by the Standard, all of which are closely connected with safety. Sizes, strengths, and similar criteria are dependent on many different factors, often varying with the installation and uses.

These factors depend on

(a) the condition of the equipment or material

(b) the loads xii

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(c) the acceleration or speed of the ropes, chains, sheaves, sprockets, or drums

(d) the type of attachments

(e) the number, size, and arrangement of sheaves or other parts

(f) environmental conditions causing corrosion or wear

(g) many variables that must be considered in each in-dividual case

The requirements and recommendations provided in the volumes must be interpreted accordingly, and judg-ment used in determining their application.

xiii

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SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Following approval by the ASMEB30 Committee and ASME, and after public review, ASMEB30.9-2021was approved by the American National Standards Institute on September 9, 2021.

ASME B30.9-2021 includes the following changes identified by a margin note, (21).

Page Location Change xi B30 Standard Introduction Updated 1 Section 9-0.2 Definition of endless sling (alloy chain) added 3 Section 9-0.3 Revised 3 Section 9-0.6 Updated 5 9-1.3.1 Subparagraph (b) revised 6 Figure 9-1.0-1 Illustration (f) added 9 9-1.9.6 Subparagraph (f) revised 9 9-1.10.4 (1) Subparagraph (d) revised

(2) Subparagraph (p) added 12 Section 9-2.5 Subparagraph (b)(7) added 12 9-2.6.1 (1) Subparagraph (b) revised

(2) Subparagraph (c) added and subsequent subparagraph redesignated

16 9-2.10.4 Subparagraph (d) revised 22 9-3.10.4 Subparagraph (d) revised 24 Section 9-4.5 Subparagraph (b)(7) added 24 9-4.6.1 (1) Subparagraph (a) revised

(2) Subparagraph (b) added and subsequent subparagraph redesignated

29 9-4.10.4 Subparagraph (d) revised 30 Section 9-5.5 Subparagraph (b)(7) added 32 9-5.6.1 (1) Subparagraph (a) revised

(2) Subparagraph (b) added and subsequent subparagraph redesignated

34 9-5.10.4 Subparagraph (d) revised 36 Section 9-6.5 Subparagraph (b)(7) added 36 9-6.6.1 (1) Subparagraph (a) revised

(2) Subparagraph (b) revised and subsequent subparagraph redesignated and revised

38 Table 9-6.10.1-1 Title revised 39 9-6.10.4 Subparagraph (d) revised 41 Section 9-7.5 Subparagraph (b)(8) added 41 9-7.6.1 (1) Subparagraph (a) revised

(2) Subparagraph (b) added and subsequent subparagraph redesignated xiv

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Page Location Change 44 9-7.10.4 Subparagraph (d) revised 45 Nonmandatory Appendix A Added xv

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INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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Chapter 9-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, Rigger Responsibilities, Translations, and References

SECTION 9-0.1: SCOPE OF ASME B30.9

Volume B30.9 includes provisions that apply to the fabrication, attachment, use, inspection, testing, and maintenance of slings used for load-handling purposes, used in conjunction with equipment described in other volumes of the B30 Standard, except as restricted in ASME B30.12 and ASME B30.23. Slings fabricated from alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, synthetic fiber rope, synthetic webbing, and polyester and high performance fiber yarns in a cover(s) are addressed.

SECTION 9-0.2: DEFINITIONSð21Þ abnormal operating conditions: environmental conditions that are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or for the operation of a sling such as excessively high or low ambient temperatures, exposure to weather, corrosive fumes, dust-laden or moisture-laden atmospheres, and hazardous locations.

abrasion: the mechanical wearing of a surface resulting from frictional contact with other materials or objects.

angle of choke: the angle formed in a sling body as it passes through the choking eye or fittings.

angle of loading: the acute angle between the sling leg and the plane perpendicular to the direction of applied force, sometimes referred to as horizontal angle when lifting (see Figure 9-1.5-1).

basket hitch: a method of rigging a sling in which the sling is passed around the load, and both eye openings or end fittings are attached to a hook, shackle(s), or other load-handling device.

body (sling): that part of a sling between the eyes, end fittings, or loop eyes.

braided wire rope: a rope formed by plaiting component wire ropes.

braided wire rope sling: a sling made from braided rope.

bridle sling: a sling composed of multiple legs with the top ends gathered in a fitting that attaches to a hook, shackle, or other load-handling device.

cable-laid rope: a type of wire rope composed of six indi-vidual wire ropes laid as strands around a wire rope core.

cable-laid rope sling, mechanical joint: a wire rope sling made from a cable-laid wire rope with eyes fabricated by swagingoneormoremetal sleevesover each rope junc-tion.

choker hitch: a method of rigging a sling in which one end of the sling is passed around the load, then through itself, an eye opening, an end fitting, or other device, and attached to a hook, shackle, or other load-handling device.

component: any load-bearing element of the sling including the chain, wire rope, metal mesh, synthetic rope, synthetic webbing, roundsling core yarns, thread, and fittings, as applicable.

component strength: the published or industry accepted minimum breaking strength or minimum breaking force of the weakest component of the sling.

coupling link:

mechanical coupling link: a nonwelded cross-pinned link used as a connector to join a sling leg to a fitting.

welded coupling link: an alloy steelwelded link used as a connector to joinalloy steel chain toanother componentof the sling cross rod: awire used to join spirals of metal mesh to form the complete fabric.

D/d ratio: the ratio between the curvature taken by the sling, D, and the diameter of the wire rope, synthetic rope, or chain, d.

denier: a mass-per-unit-length measure equal to the weight in grams of 9 000 m of the material. Denier is a direct numbering system in which the lower numbers represent the finer sizes and the higher numbers the coarser sizes.

design factor: the ratio between the designed breaking load of the fabricated sling and the rated load of the sling.

designed breaking load: the minimum load at which a newly fabricated and unused sling is expected to break when loaded to destruction in direct tension.

endless sling (alloy chain): a chain sling made from one continuous length of alloy chain with both ends joined by a welded link or mechanical coupling link.

ASME B30.9-2021

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Not for Resale, 09/15/2025 09:23:32 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris endless sling (wire rope): a wire rope sling made endless from one continuous length of cable-laid or strand-laid rope with ends joined by one or more metallic fittings (mechanical joint).

eyeopening: the opening in the endof a sling for the attach-mentof thehook, shackle, orother load-handlingdeviceor the load itself.

fabric (metal mesh): the flexible portion of the sling exclu-sive of end fittings consisting of a series of transverse spirals and cross rods.

fabric length (metal mesh): the distance of metal mesh between the end fittings.

fabric thickness (metal mesh): the nominal overall thick-ness of the spirals.

fabrication efficiency: the strength of the fabricated sling, as a percentage of the material strength prior to fabrica-tion.

fitting: any load-bearing hardware used to fabricate the sling suchas a swage sleeve forwire ropeora coupling link for alloy chain, or an end attachment such as a hook or master link.

flemish eye splice: a mechanical splice formed by unlaying the wire rope body into two parts and reforming it to create a loop or eye. The splice is completed by pressing (swaging) a metal sleeve over the rope juncture.

grommet (wire rope): awire rope slingmade endless from one continuous strand (strand-laid) formed tomake a six-strand rope with a strand core, or one continuous rope (cable-laid) formed to make a body of six ropes around a rope core. The strand or rope ends (as applica-ble) are hand-tucked into the body.

hand-tucked splice (wire rope and synthetic rope): a loop or eye formed in the end of a rope by tucking the ends of the strandsback into themainbodyof the rope in aprescribed manner.

high tenacity fiber: fiber that has a tenacity of 15 g per denier or higher.

hitch (hitched): a method of rigging (attaching) a sling temporarily to a load or object for the purpose of load handling.

load-bearing splice (web sling): that part of a sling that is lapped and secured to become an integral load-bearing part of the sling.

load handling: the act of lifting or pulling a load from one location to another by using a sling as the connector between the load and the load-handling equipment.

loop eye (web sling): the opening formed when a length of webbing is folded back upon itself and sewn to the sling body, thereby forming a bearing point.

master coupling link: an alloy steel welded coupling link used as an intermediate connector to join alloy steel chain to a master link.

master link: a link used to gather the leg(s) of a sling.

mechanical splice (wire rope): a splice formed by swaging one or more metal sleeves over the wire rope to form a loop or eye.

original language(s): language(s) used by the manufac-turer to develop and verify product instructions and manual(s).

ply: a layer of load-bearing webbing used in a synthetic webbing sling.

poured socket: a fitting into which a broomed and degreased wire rope is inserted. The wire rope is then secured within the socket by filling the socket bowl with special molten metal or resin materials.

proof load: the specific loadapplied in theperformanceofa proof test.

proof test: a nondestructive tension test of the sling or components.

qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recog-nized degree or certificate of professional standing in an applicable field, or who, by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subjectmatter and work.

rated load: the maximum allowable working load estab-lished by the slingmanufacturer. The terms rated capacity and working load limit are commonly used to describe rated load.

reach (alloy steel chain sling): see sling length.

return loop: see turnback swaged eye splice (wire rope).

service:

normal: service that involves handling of loads within the rated load.

severe: service that involves normal service coupled with abnormal operating conditions.

special: service that involves operation, other than normal or severe, that is identified by a qualified person.

shall: a word indicating a requirement.

shock load: amomentary increase in the force applied to a sling caused by the sudden movement, shifting, or arresting of a load.

short splice (synthetic rope endless sling): a splice formed by joining the two opposite rope ends by tucking the strands into the main body of the rope in a prescribed manner.

should: a word indicating a recommendation.

sling: an assembly as described in this Volume used for load handling.

ASME B30.9-2021

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sling length: the distance between the extreme bearing points of the sling assembly, except that the length dimen-sion for wire rope slings excludes the gathering ring or master link in the length dimension.

sling manufacturer (fabricator): a person or company assembling or fabricating the sling(s). The sling manufac-turer and the manufacturer of the sling components may or may not be the same entity.

spiral (metal mesh): a single transverse coil of wire that is the basic element from which metal mesh is fabricated.

straight-line hitch: a method of rigging a sling in which an eye opening, end fitting, or one end of the sling is attached to the load, and theother eyeopening, end fitting, or endof the sling is attached to a hook, shackle, or other load-hand-ling device.

strand-laid rope: a wire rope made with strands (usually six to eight) formed around a fiber core, wire strand core, or independent wire rope core (IWRC).

swaged socket: an end fitting into which a wire rope is inserted and then permanently attached by mechanical compression applied to the socket shank.

tenacity: measurement of strength of the fiber or yarn where strength is defined as the force divided by the linear density. This is typically expressed as grams force per denier (gpd).

turnback swaged eye splice (wire rope):amechanical splice inwhich the rope is looped back on itself and securedwith one or more metal sleeves. The term return loop is commonly used to describe a turnback swaged eye.

vertical hitch: see straight-line hitch.

yarn: a generic term for a continuous strand of fibers.

SECTION 9-0.3: PERSONNEL COMPETENCEð21Þ

Persons performing the functions identified in this Volume shall, through education, training, experience, skill, and physical ability, as necessary, be competent and capable to perform the functions as determined by the employer or employer’s representative.

SECTION 9-0.4: RIGGER RESPONSIBILITIES

Riggers assigned to a load-handling activity shall, at a minimum, be responsible for

(a) ensuring theweight of the load and its approximate center of gravity have been obtained, provided, or calcu-lated

(b) selecting the proper rigging equipment, inspecting it, and complying with the applicable operating practices according to the criteria of the applicable ASME B30 volume (i.e., ASME B30.9, ASME B30.10, ASME B30.20, ASME B30.23, ASME B30.26)

(c) ensuring the rated load of the rigging equipment as selected and configured is sufficient for the load to be handled, based on the number of legs, hitch configuration, and effects of angles

(d) properly attaching the rigging equipment to the hook, shackle, or other load-handling device

(e) ensuring that rigging equipment is adequately protected from abrasion, cutting, or other damage during load-handling activities

(f) rigging the load in a manner to ensure balance and stability during the load-handling activity

(g) knowing and understanding the applicable signals for the equipment in use

(h) installing and using a tag line(s) when additional load control is required

SECTION 9-0.5: ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATED

TECHNICAL AND SAFETY-

RELATED INFORMATION

(a) If the manufacturer provides instructions [manual(s), warnings labels, usage decals, etc.] for the operation, inspection, and maintenance of the sling

(1) the instructions shall be provided in a language specified by the purchaser at the time of the initial sale by the manufacturer

(2) any pictograms used shall be described in the instructions, and the pictograms should comply with ISO 7000, ISO 7296, or other recognized source, if previously defined

(b) If the original language instructions are translated, the process shall meet professional translation industry standards, which include, but are not limited to, the following:

(1) translating the complete paragraph message, instead of word by word

(2) ensuring grammatical accuracy

(3) preserving the sourcedocument contentwithout omitting or expanding the text

(4) translating the terminology accurately

(5) reflecting the level of sophistication of the original document

(c) If the original language instructions are translated, the finished translation shall be verified for compliance with (b)(1) through (b)(5) by a qualified person having an understanding of the technical content of the subject matter.

SECTION 9-0.6: REFERENCES ð21Þ

The following is a list of publications referenced in this Standard:

ASME B30.10-2014, Hooks ASME B30.12-2011, Handling Loads Suspended From

Rotorcraft ASME B30.20-2013, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices

ASME B30.9-2021

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ASME B30.23-2011, Personnel Lifting Systems ASME B30.26-2015, Rigging Hardware Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

(ASME), Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 (www.asme.org)

ASTM A391/A391M-01, Standard Specification for Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain

ASTM A586-98, Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated Parallel and Helical Steel Wire Structural Strand and Zinc-Coated Wire for Spun-in-Place Structural Strand

ASTM A906/A906M-02, Standard Specification for Grade 80 and Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain Slings for Overhead Lifting

ASTMA952/A952M-02, StandardSpecification forForged Grade 80 and Grade 100 Steel Lifting Components and Welded Attachment Links

ASTM A973/A973M-01, Standard Specification for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain

ASTM A1023/A1023M-02, Standard Specification for StrandedCarbonSteelWireRopes forGeneral Purposes

Publisher: American…