ASME B30.26 (Shackles).pdf

A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D

ASME B30.26-2015

(Revision of ASME B30.26-2010)

Rigging Hardware Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

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(Revision of ASME B30.26-2010)

Rigging Hardware Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings

A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D

Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA

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Date of Issuance: October 7, 2015

The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2020. This Standard will become effective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.

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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2015 by

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.

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CONTENTS

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii B30 Standard Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii

Chapter 26-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, Translations, and References

Section 26-0.1 Scope Section 26-0.2 Definitions Section 26-0.3 Personnel Competence Section 26-0.4 Translations Section 26-0.5 References

Chapter 26-1 Shackles — Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 26-1.0 Scope Section 26-1.1 Types and Materials Section 26-1.2 Design Factor Section 26-1.3 Rated Loads Section 26-1.4 Proof Test Section 26-1.5 Identification Section 26-1.6 Effects of Environment Section 26-1.7 Training Section 26-1.8 Inspection, Repair, and Removal Section 26-1.9 Operating Practices

Chapter 26-2 Adjustable Hardware — Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 26-2.0 Scope Section 26-2.1 Types and Materials Section 26-2.2 Design Factor Section 26-2.3 Rated Loads Section 26-2.4 Proof Test Section 26-2.5 Identification Section 26-2.6 Effects of Environment Section 26-2.7 Training Section 26-2.8 Inspection, Repair, and Removal Section 26-2.9 Operating Practices

Chapter 26-3 Compression Hardware — Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 26-3.0 Scope Section 26-3.1 Types, Materials, and Assembly Section 26-3.2 Design Factor Section 26-3.3 Rated Loads Section 26-3.4 Proof Test Section 26-3.5 Identification Section 26-3.6 Effects of Environment Section 26-3.7 Training Section 26-3.8 Inspection, Repair, and Removal Section 26-3.9 Operating Practices

Chapter 26-4 Links, Master Link Subassemblies, Rings, and Swivels Section 26-4.0 Scope Section 26-4.1 Types and Materials iii

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Section 26-4.2 Design Factor Section 26-4.3 Rated Loads Section 26-4.4 Proof Test Section 26-4.5 Identification Section 26-4.6 Effects of Environment Section 26-4.7 Training Section 26-4.8 Inspection, Repair, and Removal Section 26-4.9 Operating Practices

Chapter 26-5 Rigging Blocks — Selection, Use, and Maintenance Section 26-5.0 Scope Section 26-5.1 Types and Materials Section 26-5.2 Design Factor Section 26-5.3 Rated Loads Section 26-5.4 Proof Test Section 26-5.5 Identification Section 26-5.6 Effects of Environment Section 26-5.7 Training Section 26-5.8 Inspection, Repair, and Removal Section 26-5.9 Operating Practices

Chapter 26-6 Detachable Load-Indicating Devices — Selection, Use, and Maintenance

Section 26-6.0 Scope Section 26-6.1 Types and Materials Section 26-6.2 Design Factor Section 26-6.3 Rated Loads Section 26-6.4 Proof Test Section 26-6.5 Identification Section 26-6.6 Effects of Environment Section 26-6.7 Training Section 26-6.8 Calibration, Inspection, Repair, and Removal Section 26-6.9 Operating Practices

Figures 26-1.1.1-1 Shackle Types 26-1.9.1-1 Angle of Loading (Shackles) 26-1.9.4-1 Typical Shackle Components 26-1.9.4-2 Side Loading 26-2.1.1-1 Turnbuckles 26-2.1.1-2 Eyebolts 26-2.1.1-3 Eye Nuts 26-2.1.1-4 Swivel Hoist Rings 26-2.9.1-1 Angle of Loading (Adjustable Hardware) 26-3.1.1-1 Wire Rope Clips 26-3.1.1-2 Wedge Sockets 26-4.1.1-1 Links and Rings 26-4.1.1-2 Swivels 26-4.9.1-1 Angle of Loading (Links, Master Link Subassemblies, Rings, and

Swivels) 26-5.1.1-1 Rigging Block Types 26-5.1.1-2 Typical Rigging Block Components 26-5.3-1 Block Load Factor Multipliers 26-6.1.1-1 Crane Scale — Dynamometer 26-6.1.1-2 Link Style Load-Indicating Device 26-6.1.1-3 Shackle With Load-Indicating Pin iv

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FOREWORD

This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presented at the annual meeting of the ASME.

Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920 to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC) [later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSI], Department of Labor – State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry – State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee’s recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.

In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to a Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out on October 2, 1926, and the committee was organized on November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 national organizations. Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code published by ASME in 1916 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists. The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks but, due to inputs and comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to make the requirements for jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was published, addressing a multitude of equipment types and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was published addressing just jacks. Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safety standards.

Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industry in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yards and Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command), was reorganized on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The new committee changed the format of ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be published in separate Volumes that could completely cover the construction, installation, inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation of each type of equipment that was included in the scope of ASA B30.2.

This format change resulted in the initial publication of B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16 being designated as Revisions of B30.2 with the remainder of the B30 Volumes being published as totally new volumes. ASA changed its name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, which resulted in B30 Volumes from 1943 to 1968 being designated as either ASA B30, USAS B30, or ANSI B30 depending on their date of publication.

In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operating under procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. This Standard presents a coordi-nated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be required by employers of their employees.

In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrative or regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use of other devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree of protection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard, administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordance with the format described in the introduction of Section IX, before rendering decisions on disputed points.

v

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Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmental and industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.

The first edition of this Volume was B30.26-2004, published on May 20, 2005. The second edition, B30.26-2010, which was published on June 30, 2010, added Chapter 26-6, Detachable Load-Indicating Devices — Selection, Use, and Maintenance. This 2015 Edition incorporates many global B30 changes, including addition of Sections on personnel competence, translations, and references; addition of general information paragraphs in the inspection Sections; and other revisions. This Edition, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, was approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on August 6, 2015.

vi

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ASME B30 COMMITTEE

Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)

STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS

B. D. Closson, Chair T. L. Blanton, Vice Chair K. M. Hyam, Secretary

STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL

N. E. Andrew, LTS Cranes Mechanical M. Eggenberger, Alternate, Berry Contracting, Inc.

G. Austin, Terex Corp.

T. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.

R. Ohman, Alternate, Verde Concepts, Inc.

P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group C. E. Lucas, Alternate, The Crosby Group P. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.

M. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.

A. L. Calta, Alternate, The Manitowoc Co.

B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services B. A. Pickett, Alternate, Systems Engineering and Forensic Services J. A. Danielson, The Boeing Co.

D. Decker, Becket, LLC L. D. DeMark, Equipment Training Solutions, LLC D. F. Jordan, Alternate, BP America D. W. Eckstine, Eckstine & Associates G. J. Brent, Alternate, NCCCO R. J. Edwards, NBIS Claims and Risk Management, Inc.

A. J. Egging, National Oilwell Varco R. Stanoch, Alternate, National Oilwell Varco E. D. Fidler, The Manitowoc Co.

G. D. Miller, Alternate, The Manitowoc Co.

J. A. Gilbert, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators J. L. Gordon, Associated Chain and Lifting Products N. C. Hargreaves, Hargreaves Consulting, LLC G. B. Hetherston, E. I. DuPont R. J. Bolen, Alternate, E. I. DuPont K. M. Hyam, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers M. M. Jaxtheimer, Navy Crane Center S. R. Gridley, Alternate, Navy Crane Center P. R. Juhren, Morrow Equipment Co., LLC M. J. Quinn, Alternate, Morrow Equipment Co., LLC R. M. Kohner, Landmark Engineering Services, Ltd.

D. Duerr, Alternate, 2DM Associates, Inc.

A. J. Lusi, Jr., Lumark Consulting, LLP K. J. Shinn, Alternate, K. J. Shinn, Inc.

vii

E. K. Marburg, Columbus McKinnon Corp.

J. R. Burkey, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.

L. D. Means, Means Engineering and Consulting D. A. Henninger, Alternate, Bridon American M. W. Mills, Liberty Mutual Insurance D. M. Gordon, Alternate, Liberty Mutual Insurance D. L. Morgan, Critical Lift Consultants, LLC T. C. Mackey, Alternate, WRPS Hanford W. E. Osborn, Ingersoll Rand S. D. Wood, Alternate, Link-Belt Construction Equipment Co.

R. M. Parnell, Industrial Training International W. C. Dickinson, Jr., Alternate, Industrial Training International J. T. Perkins, Solarex J. R. Schober, Alternate, American Bridge Co.

J. E. Richardson, Navy Crane Center K. Kennedy, Alternate, Navy Crane Center D. W. Ritchie, David Ritchie Consultant, LLC L. K. Shapiro, Alternate, Howard I. Shapiro & Associates J. W. Rowland III, Consultant D. A. Moore, Alternate, Unified Engineering J. C. Ryan, Boh Bros. Construction Co., LLC A. R. Ruud, Alternate, Atkinson Construction D. W. Smith, STI Group S. K. Rammelsberg, Alternate, Chicago Bridge & Iron Co.

W. J. Smith, Jr., NBIS Claims and Risk Management, Inc.

J. Schoppert, Alternate, NBIS Claims and Risk Management, Inc.

R. S. Stemp, Lampson International, LLC E. P. Vliet, Alternate, Turner Industries Group R. G. Strain, Advanced Crane Technologies, LLC J. Sturm, Sturm Corp.

P. D. Sweeney, General Dynamics Electric Boat B. M. Casey, Alternate, General Dynamics Electric Boat J. D. Wiethorn, Haag Engineering Co.

M. Gardiner, Alternate, Haag Engineering Co.

R. C. Wild, CJ Drilling, Inc.

J. Dudley, Alternate, Archer Western Contractors D. N. Wolff, National Crane/Manitowoc Crane Group J. A. Pilgrim, Alternate, Manitowoc Crane Group

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HONORARY MEMBERS

J. W. Downs, Jr., Downs Crane and Hoist Co.

J. L. Franks, Consultant C. W. Ireland, National Oilwell Varco J. M. Klibert, Lift-All Co., Inc.

R. W. Parry, Consultant P. S. Zorich, Consultant

B30.26 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNEL

C. E. Lucas, Chair, The Crosby Group, Inc.

R. Ohman, Alternate, Verde Concepts, Inc.

N. E. Andrew, AM/NS Calvert W. B. Bickett, Jr., Alternate, The Babcock & Wilcox Companies T. Cobb, Columbus McKinnon Forge Operations Chattanooga B. Considine, Skyazul, Inc.

D. Decker, Becket, LLC D. W. Eckstine, Eckstine & Associates W. Emberger, Exelon Energy

B30 INTEREST REVIEW GROUP

O. Akinboboye, Ropetech Engineering Services J. D. Cannon, Consultant M. Eggenberger, Berry Contracting, Inc.

A. Gomes Rocha, Belgo Bekaert Arames H. A. Hashem, Saudi Aramco J. Hui, School of Civil Engineering, People’s Republic of China

B30 REGULATORY AUTHORITY COUNCIL

C. Shelhamer, Chair, New York City Department of Buildings A. O. Omran, Alternate, New York City Department of Buildings K. M. Hyam, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical

Engineers G. Beer, Iowa OSHA L. G. Campion, U.S. Department of Labor/OSHA W. L. Cooper, Arizona Division of Occupational Safety and Health R. Feidt, Stephenson Equipment, Inc.

viii

J. A. Gilbert, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators S. R. Gridley, Navy Crane Center M. W. Mills, Liberty Mutual Insurance J. M. Randall, CB&I S. K. Rammelsberg, Alternate, CB&I M. J. Secrist, Ulven Companies C. Seale, Alternate, Skookum K. Sellers, Gunnebo-Johnson Corp.

B. D. Todd, Campbell Chain D. W. Smith, Contributing Member, STI Group

A. C. Mattoli, Prowinch, LLC M. W. Osborne, E-Crane International USA G. L. Owens, Consultant W. Rumburg, Crane Consultants, Inc.

C.-C. Tsaur, Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Taiwan

C. Harris, City of Chicago — Department of Buildings J. L. Lankford, State of Nevada/OSHA A. Lundeen, State of Washington – Department of Labor and

Industries G. E. Pushies, MIOSHA C. N. Stribling, Jr., Kentucky Labor Cabinet T. Taylor, State of Minnesota – Department of Labor and Industry C. Tolson, State of California – OSH Standards Board

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SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS,

HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGS

B30 STANDARD INTRODUCTION

SECTION I: SCOPE

The ASME B30 Standard contains provisions that apply to the construction, installation, operation, inspec-tion, testing, maintenance, and use of cranes and other lifting and material-movement related equipment. For the convenience of the reader, the Standard has been divided into separate volumes. Each volume has been written under the direction of the ASME B30 Standard Committee and has successfully completed a consensus approval process under the general auspices of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

As of the date of issuance of this Volume, the B30 Standard comprises the following volumes:

B30.1 Jacks, Industrial Rollers, Air Casters, and Hydraulic Gantries

B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist)

B30.3 Tower Cranes B30.4 Portal and Pedestal Cranes B30.5 Mobile and Locomotive Cranes B30.6 Derricks B30.7 Winches B30.8 Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks B30.9 Slings B30.10 Hooks B30.11 Monorails and Underhung Cranes B30.12 Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft B30.13 Storage/Retrieval (S/R) Machines and

Associated Equipment B30.14 Side Boom Tractors B30.15 Mobile Hydraulic Cranes

(withdrawn 1982 — requirements found in latest revision of B30.5)

B30.16 Overhead Hoists (Underhung) B30.17 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running

Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung Hoist) B30.18 Stacker Cranes (Top or Under Running

Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or Under Running Trolley Hoist)

B30.19 Cableways B30.20 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices B30.21 Lever Hoists B30.22 Articulating Boom Cranes ix

B30.23 Personnel Lifting Systems B30.24 Container Cranes B30.25 Scrap and Material Handlers B30.26 Rigging Hardware B30.27 Material Placement Systems B30.28 Balance Lifting Units B30.29 Self-Erecting Tower Cranes B30.30 Ropes1

SECTION II: SCOPE EXCLUSIONS

Any exclusion of, or limitations applicable to the equipment, requirements, recommendations, or opera-tions contained in this Standard are established in the affected volume’s scope.

SECTION III: PURPOSE

The B30 Standard is intended to

(a) prevent or minimize injury to workers, and other-wise provide for the protection of life, limb, and property by prescribing safety requirements

(b) provide direction to manufacturers, owners, employers, users, and others concerned with, or respon-sible for, its application

(c) guide governments and other regulatory bodies in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of appropriate safety directives

SECTION IV: USE BY REGULATORY AGENCIES

These volumes may be adopted in whole or in part for governmental or regulatory use. If adopted for gov-ernmental use, the references to other national codes and standards in the specific volumes may be changed to refer to the corresponding regulations of the govern-mental authorities.

SECTION V: EFFECTIVE DATE

(a) Effective Date. The effective date of this Volume of the B30 Standard shall be 1 yr after its date of issuance.

1 This volume is currently in the development process.

(15)

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Construction, installation, inspection, testing, mainte-nance, and operation of equipment manufactured and facilities constructed after the effective date of this Volume shall conform to the mandatory requirements of this Volume.

(b) Existing Installations. Equipment manufactured and facilities constructed prior to the effective date of this Volume of the B30 Standard shall be subject to the inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation require-ments of this Standard after the effective date.

It is not the intent of this Volume of the B30 Standard to require retrofitting of existing equipment. However, when an item is being modified, its performance require-ments shall be reviewed relative to the requirements within the current volume. The need to meet the current requirements shall be evaluated by a qualified person selected by the owner (user). Recommended changes shall be made by the owner (user) within 1 yr.

SECTION VI: REQUIREMENTS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Requirements of this Standard are characterized by use of the word shall. Recommendations of this Standard are characterized by the word should.

SECTION VII: USE OF MEASUREMENT UNITS

This Standard contains SI (metric) units as well as U.S. Customary units. The values stated in U.S. Customary units are to be regarded as the standard.

The SI units are a direct (soft) conversion from the U.S. Customary units.

SECTION VIII: REQUESTS FOR REVISION

The B30 Standard Committee will consider requests for revision of any of the volumes within the B30 Standard. Such requests should be directed to

Secretary, B30 Standard Committee ASME Codes and Standards Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990

Requests should be in the following format:

Volume: Cite the designation and title of the volume.

Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the volume.

Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the relevant heading(s).

Request: Indicate the suggested revision.

Rationale: State the rationale for the suggested revision.

Upon receipt by the Secretary, the request will be forwarded to the relevant B30 Subcommittee for consid-eration and action. Correspondence will be provided to x the requester defining the actions undertaken by the B30 Standard Committee.

SECTION IX: REQUESTS FOR INTERPRETATION

The B30 Standard Committee will render an interpre-tation of the provisions of the B30 Standard. Such requests should be directed to

Secretary, B30 Standard Committee ASME Codes and Standards Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990

Requests should be in the following format:

Volume: Cite the designation and title of the volume.

Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the volume.

Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the relevant heading(s).

Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific provision suit-able for general understanding and use, not as a request for approval of a proprie-tary design or situation. Plans or draw-ings that explain the question may be submitted to clarify the question. How-ever, they should not contain any proprie-tary names or information.

Upon receipt by the Secretary, the request will be forwarded to the relevant B30 Subcommittee for a draft response, which will then be subject to approval by the B30 Standard Committee prior to its formal issuance.

Interpretations to the B30 Standard will be published in the subsequent edition of the respective volume, and will be available online at http://cstools.asme.org/.

SECTION X: ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE

The equipment covered by the B30 Standard is subject to hazards that cannot be abated by mechanical means, but only by the exercise of intelligence, care, and com-mon sense. It is therefore essential to have personnel involved in the use and operation of equipment who are competent, careful, physically and mentally quali-fied, and trained in the proper operation of the equip-ment and the handling of loads. Serious hazards include, but are not limited to, improper or inadequate mainte-nance, overloading, dropping or slipping of the load, obstructing the free passage of the load, and using equip-ment for a purpose for which it was not intended or designed.

The B30 Standard Committee fully realizes the impor-tance of proper design factors, minimum or maximum dimensions, and other limiting criteria of wire rope or chain and their fastenings, sheaves, sprockets, drums, and similar equipment covered by the standard, all of

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These factors depend on

(a) the condition of the equipment or material

(b) the loads

(c) the acceleration or speed of the ropes, chains, sheaves, sprockets, or drums

(d) the type of attachments xi

(e) the number, size, and arrangement of sheaves or other parts

(f) environmental conditions causing corrosion or wear

(g) many variables that must be considered in each individual case

The requirements and recommendations provided in the volumes must be interpreted accordingly, and judg-ment used in determining their application.

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SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Following approval by the ASME B30 Committee and ASME, and after public review, ASME B30.26-2015 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on August 6, 2015.

ASME B30.26-2015 includes editorial changes, revisions, and corrections introduced in ASME B30.26-2010, as well as the following changes identified by a margin note, (15).

Page Location Change ix–xi B30 Standard Introduction Updated

1 Chapter 26-0 Title revised

Section 26-0.2 (1) Definition of adjustable hardware added

(2) Definition of designated person deleted

2 Section 26-0.3 Added

Section 26-0.4 Added

Section 26-0.5 Added

3 26-1.1.2 Revised

26-1.4.1 Subparagraph (b) revised

4–6 26-1.5.1 Revised

26-1.5.2 Revised

Section 26-1.8 (1) Revised

(2) Paragraph 26-1.8.1 added and subsequent paragraphs redesignated

26-1.9.1 Subparagraph (a) revised

Figure 26-1.9.1-1 Revised

26-1.9.4 Revised

7 26-2.1.2 Revised

26-2.4.1 Subparagraph (c) revised

Section 26-2.5 Revised

26-2.6.2 Revised

8 Figure 26-2.1.1-2 Angular loading table added (2010 Errata)

11 Section 26-2.8 (1) Revised

(2) Paragraph 26-2.8.1 added and subsequent paragraphs redesignated

26-2.9.1 Subparagraph (a) revised

12 Figure 26-2.9.1-1 Revised

26-2.9.4 Revised

14 26-3.1.2 Revised xii

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Page Location Change

Section 26-3.2 Revised

Section 26-3.3 Subparagraph (b) revised

17, 18 26-3.4.1 Subparagraph (d) revised

26-3.5.1 Revised

26-3.5.2 Revised

Section 26-3.8 (1) Revised

(2) Paragraph 26-3.8.1 added and subsequent paragraphs redesignated

26-3.9.4.1 Subparagraph (f) revised

19–22 Chapter 26-4 (1) Title revised

(2) Master link subassemblies incorporated into text throughout

(3) In Section 26-4.8, para. 26-4.8.1 added with subsequent paragraphs redesignated

(4) Subparagraphs 26-4.9.4.1 (a), (f), and

(g) revised

(5) Paragraph 26-4.9.4.2 added and subsequent paragraph redesignated

Figure 26-4.9.1-1 Revised

24 26-5.4.1 Subparagraph (b) revised

26-5.5.1 Revised

26-5.6.2 Revised

27 Figure 26-5.3-1 Editorially revised to include metric values

28 Section 26-5.8 (1) Revised

(2) Paragraph 26-5.8.1 added and subsequent paragraphs redesignated

26-5.9.1 Revised

29 26-5.9.4 Subparagraph (a) revised

30 26-6.1.2 Revised

26-6.4.1 Subparagraph (b) revised

26-6.5.1 Subparagraph (e) added

26-6.6.2 Revised

34, 35 Section 26-6.8 (1) Revised

(2) Paragraph 26-6.8.1 added and subsequent paragraphs redesignated

26-6.9.1 Subparagraph (a) revised

26-6.9.2 Subparagraph (d) revised

26-6.9.4 Subparagraph (b) revised xiii

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RIGGING HARDWARE

Chapter 26-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, Translations, and References

SECTION 26-0.1: SCOPE

Volume B30.26 includes provisions that apply to the construction, installation, operation, inspection, and maintenance of detachable rigging hardware used for load handling activities in conjunction with equipment described in other volumes of the B30 Standard. This hardware includes shackles, links, rings, swivels, turn-buckles, eyebolts, hoist rings, wire rope clips, wedge sockets, rigging blocks, and load-indicating devices.

Detachable hardware used in applications other than those detailed in this Volume shall only be used in accor-dance with the recommendations of the manufacturer or a qualified person.

SECTION 26-0.2: DEFINITIONS

abnormal operating conditions: environmental conditions that are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or for the operation of a piece of detachable hardware, such as excessively high or low ambient temperatures, expo-sure to weather, corrosive fumes, dust laden or moisture laden atmospheres, and hazardous locations.

adjustable hardware: threaded detachable rigging hard-ware that is adjustable in length, orientation, or position by the user to handle a load.

angle of loading: the acute angle between horizontal and the leg of the rigging, often referred to as the horizontal angle (see Fig. 26-1.9.1-1).

NOTE: A stress multiplier produced by the angle of loading is also present when the rigging is used in nonvertical applications.

bow, shackle: the curved portion of the shackle body opposite the pin, often referred to as the bail, the body, the dee, or the bowl (see Fig. 26-1.9.4-1).

crane scale: see load-indicating device.

dead end: the section of wire rope that is not tensioned under load (see Figs. 26-3.1.1-1 and 26-3.1.1-2).

design factor: ratio between nominal or minimum break-ing strength and rated load of the rigging hardware.

dynamometer: see load-indicating device.

ears, shackle: portion of the shackle body that supports the shackle pin (see Fig. 26-1.9.4-1).

hardware service normal: service that involves use of loads at or below the rated load.

severe: service that involves normal service coupled with abnormal rigging or operating conditions.

special: service that involves operation, other than nor-mal or severe, that is approved by a qualified person.

hitch, choker: a method of rigging a sling in which the sling is passed around the load, then through one loop eye, end fitting, or other device with the other loop eye or end fitting attached to the load handling device.

in-line loading: condition where the load is applied through the centerline of the rigging hardware at the intended bearing points.

jaw: a U-shaped, load-bearing connection designed for use with a removable pin (see Fig. 26-2.1.1-1).

LID: see load-indicating device.

line pull: the tension load in a rope entering a rigging block (see Fig. 26-5.3-1).

live end: the section of wire rope that is tensioned under load (see Figs. 26-3.1.1-1 and 26-3.1.1-2).

load-indicating device: a device that measures and dis-plays applied load or force.

manufacturer: the entity responsible for the physical pro-duction of an item.

pin, shackle: a steel bolt made to span the two shackle ears (see Fig. 26-1.9.4-1).

primary load fitting: the fitting on a rigging block that carries the highest applied load during use (see Fig. 26-5.3-1).

proof load: the specific load applied in performance of the proof tests.

proof test: a nondestructive load test made to a specific multiple of the rated load of the rigging hardware.

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rated capacity: see rated load.

rated load: the maximum allowable working load estab-lished by the rigging hardware manufacturer. The terms rated capacity and working load limit are commonly used to describe rated load.

saddle: the base of a wire rope clip (see Fig. 26-3.1.1-1).

shackle: a U-shaped, load-bearing connector designed to be used with a removable pin (see Fig. 26-1.1.1-1).

shock load: a momentary increase in the force applied to lifting and/or load handling components caused by the sudden movement, shifting, or arresting of the load.

sling: an assembly used for lifting when connected to a lifting mechanism. The upper portion is connected to the lifting mechanism, and the lower supports the load, as described in the chapters of this Volume.

swivel hoist ring: a load-supporting device capable of pivoting and rotating, consisting of four components: a bolt, a swivel bearing, a bushing flange, and a load connection fitting, such as a bail or eye (see Fig. 26-2.1.1-4).

turnbuckle: an adjustable device consisting of three pri-mary components: a body, a right-hand threaded end fitting, and a left-hand threaded end fitting (see Fig. 26-2.1.1-1).

wedge socket: an end fitting that terminates a wire rope by compressing the wire rope between a wedge and socket body (see Fig. 26-3.1.1-2).

wire rope clip: a fitting for clamping two parts of wire rope of the same diameter to each other by compressing the wire ropes between a saddle and a U-bolt or between two saddles (see Fig. 26-3.1.1-1).

double saddle type: wire rope clip using two saddles.

U-bolt type: wire rope clip using one saddle and a

U-bolt.

working load limit (WLL): see rated load.

SECTION 26-0.3 PERSONNEL COMPETENCE

Persons performing the functions identified in this Volume shall, through education, training, experience, skill, and physical ability, as necessary, be competent and capable to perform the functions as determined by the employer or employer’s representative.

SECTION 26-0.4: TRANSLATIONS

(a) Translation of Non-English Documentation Into English

(1) The wording of written non-English safety information and manuals regarding use, inspection, and maintenance shall be translated into English by profes-sional translation industry standards, which include, but are not limited to the following:

(-a) translation of the complete paragraph mes-sage, instead of word by word

(-b) grammatical accuracy (-c) respectfulness of the source document con-tent without omitting or expanding the text (-d) accurate translation of the terminology (-e) reflection of the level of sophistication of the original document

(2) The finished translation shall be verified for compliance with paras. 26-0.4(a)(1)(-a) through (a)(1)(-e) by a qualified person having an understanding of the technical content of the subject matter.

(3) Pictograms used to identify controls shall be described in the manuals, if required. The pictograms should comply with ISO 7000, or other recognized sources, if previously defined. The text of the description shall meet the criteria of paras. 26-0.4(a)(1) and (a)(2).

(b) Any non-English documentation provided in addition to English shall be translated and reviewed in accordance with the requirements listed above.

SECTION 26-0.5: REFERENCES

Within the text, references are made to the following publications, copies of which may be obtained from the publishers indicated:

ASME B30.9-2010, Slings ASME B30.10-2009, Hooks Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical

Engineers (ASME), Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 (www.asme.org)

ISO 7000-2012, Graphic symbols for use on equipment-registered symbols

Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, Case Postale 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland (www.iso.org)

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Chapter 26-1 Shackles — Selection, Use, and Maintenance

SECTION 26-1.0: SCOPE

This Chapter applies to shackles.

SECTION 26-1.1: TYPES AND MATERIALS

26-1.1.1 Types

(a) Body types covered are anchor, chain, and syn-thetic sling (see Fig. 26-1.1.1-1).

(b) Pin types covered are screw pin and bolt type (see Fig. 26-1.1.1-1).

(c) Shackles other than those detailed in this Chapter shall be used only in accordance with recommendations of the shackle manufacturer or a qualified person.

NOTE: Round pin shackles are not covered by the scope of this Volume, because they have limited application in lifting. They are only restrained by a cotter pin and may present a hazard in odd angle loading conditions.

26-1.1.2 Materials

The shackle shall have sufficient ductility to perma-nently deform before losing the ability to support the load at the temperatures the manufacturer has specified for use.

Fig. 26-1.1.1-1 Shackle Types

Anchor Shackles Chain Shackles Synthetic Sling Shackles

Screw pin type

Bolt type Bolt type Bolt type

Screw pin type Screw pin type

SECTION 26-1.2: DESIGN FACTOR

(a) The design factor for shackles up to and including a 150-ton (136-metric ton) rated load shall be a minimum of 5.

(b) The design factor for shackles over a 150-ton (136-metric ton) rated load shall be a minimum of 4.

SECTION 26-1.3: RATED LOADS

Rated load shall be in accordance with the recommen-dation of the shackle manufacturer. The terms rated capacity and working load limit are commonly used to describe rated load.

SECTION 26-1.4: PROOF TEST

26-1.4.1 Proof Test Requirements

(a) Shackles are not required to be proof tested unless specified by the purchaser.

(b) Proof tested shackles shall be inspected after the test for the conditions stated in para. 26-1.8.5.

26-1.4.2 Proof Load Requirements

(a) The proof load for a shackle up to and including a 150-ton (136-metric ton) rated load shall be a minimum

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ASME B30.26-2015

of 2 and a maximum of 2.2 times the rated load unless approved by the manufacturer.

(b) The proof load for a shackle over a 150-ton (136-metric ton) rated load shall be a minimum of 1.33 and a maximum of 2 times the rated load unless approved by the manufacturer.

SECTION 26-1.5: IDENTIFICATION

26-1.5.1 Shackle Body Identification

Each shackle body shall have durable markings by the manufacturer to show

(a) name or trademark of manufacturer

(b) rated load

(c) size

26-1.5.2 Shackle Pin Identification

Each shackle pin shall have durable markings by the manufacturer to show

(a) name or trademark of manufacturer

(b) grade, material type, or load rating

26-1.5.3 Maintenance of Identification

Shackle identification should be maintained by the user so as to be legible throughout the life of the shackle.

SECTION 26-1.6: EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT

26-1.6.1 Temperature

When shackles are to be used at temperatures above 400°F (204°C) or below −40°F (−40°C), the shackle manu-facturer or a qualified person should be consulted.

26-1.6.2 Chemically Active Environments

The strength of shackles can be affected by chemically active environments, such as caustic or acidic substances or fumes. The shackle manufacturer or a qualified per-son should be consulted before shackles are used in chemically active environments.

SECTION 26-1.7: TRAINING

Shackle users shall be trained in the selection, inspec-tion, cautions to personnel, effects of environment, and rigging practices as covered by this Chapter.

SECTION 26-1.8: INSPECTION, REPAIR, AND

REMOVAL

26-1.8.1 General

All inspections shall be performed by a designated person. Any deficiencies identified shall be examined and a determination made by a qualified person as to whether they constitute a hazard.

26-1.8.2 Initial Inspection

Prior to use, all new, altered, modified, or repaired shackles shall be inspected to verify compliance with the applicable provisions of this Chapter. Written records are not required.

26-1.8.3 Frequent Inspection

(a) A visual inspection shall be performed each shift before the shackle is used. Rigging hardware in semi-permanent and inaccessible locations where frequent inspections are not feasible shall have periodic inspec-tions performed.

(b) Conditions such as those listed in para. 26-1.8.5 or any other condition that may result in a hazard shall cause the shackle to be removed from service. Shackles shall not be returned to service until approved by a qualified person.

(c) Written records are not required.

26-1.8.4 Periodic Inspection

(a) A complete inspection of the shackle shall be per-formed. The shackle shall be examined for conditions such as those listed in para. 26-1.8.5 and a determination made as to whether they constitute a hazard.

(b) Periodic Inspection Frequency

(1) Periodic inspection intervals shall not exceed

1 yr. The frequency of periodic inspections should be based on

(-a) frequency of use (-b) severity of service conditions (-c) nature of lifting or load handling activities (-d) experience gained on the service life of shackles used in similar circumstances

(2) Guidelines for the time intervals are

(-a) normal service — yearly (-b) severe service — monthly to quarterly (-c) special service — as recommended by a qual-ified person

(c) Written records are not required.

26-1.8.5 Removal Criteria

Shackles shall be removed from service if conditions such as the following are present and shall only be returned to service when approved by a qualified person:

(a) missing or illegible identification

(b) indications of heat damage, including weld spatter or arc strikes

(c) excessive pitting or corrosion

(d) bent, twisted, distorted, stretched, elongated, cracked, or broken load-bearing components

(e) excessive nicks or gouges

(f) a 10% reduction of the original or catalog dimen-sion at any point around the body or pin

(g) incomplete pin engagement

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Fig. 26-1.9.1-1 Angle of Loading (Shackles)

120-deg max.

included angle

Horizontal angle of loading

Load

Horizontal Angle, deg Stress Multiplier

90 1.000 60 1.155 45 1.414 30 2.000

(h) excessive thread damage

(i) evidence of unauthorized welding or modification

(j) other conditions, including visible damage, that cause doubt as to the continued use of the shackle

26-1.8.6 Repairs and Modifications

(a) Repairs, alterations, or modifications shall be as specified by the shackle manufacturer or a qualified person.

(b) Replacement parts, such as pins, shall meet or exceed the original equipment manufacturer ’s specifications.

SECTION 26-1.9: OPERATING PRACTICES

26-1.9.1 Shackle Selection

(a) Shackles having suitable characteristics for the type of sling, load, hitch, angle of loading, and environ-ment shall be selected in accordance with the recommen-dations of the shackle manufacturer or a qualified person.

NOTE: The angle of loading affects the stress in the shackle. As the horizontal angle decreases, the stress increases in the shackle (see Fig. 26-1.9.1-1).

(b) The rated load of the shackle shall not be exceeded.

(c) Shackles that appear to be damaged shall not be used until inspected and accepted as usable under Section 26-1.8.

26-1.9.2 Cautions to Personnel

(a) All portions of the human body shall be kept from between the shackle, the load, and any other rigging during the lifting or load handling activities.

(b) Personnel should stand clear of the suspended load.

(c) Personnel should stand clear of rigging when it is under tension.

(d) Personnel shall not ride the shackle.

26-1.9.3 Storage and Work Environments

(a) Shackles should be stored in an area where they will not be subjected to damage, corrosive action, or extreme heat.

(b) If extreme temperatures or chemically active envi-ronments are involved, the guidance provided in para. 26-1.6.1 or 26-1.6.2 shall be followed.

26-1.9.4 Rigging Practices

(a) The screw pin threads shall be fully engaged and tight, and the shoulder should be in contact with the shackle body (see Fig. 26-1.9.4-1).

(b) If a shackle is designed for a cotter pin, the cotter pin shall be used and maintained in good working condition.

(c) Contact with sharp edges that could damage the shackle should be avoided.

(d) Shock loading should be avoided.

(e) The load applied to the shackle should be centered in the bow of the shackle to prevent side loading of the shackle.

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(f) Multiple sling legs should not be applied to the shackle pin.

(g) If the shackle is to be side loaded, the rated load shall be reduced according to Fig. 26-1.9.4-2 or the rec-ommendations of the manufacturer or a qualified person.

(h) Screw pin shackles shall not be rigged in a manner that would cause the pin to unscrew.

(i) For long-term installations, bolt-type shackles should be used; if screw pin-type shackles are used, the pin shall be secured from rotation or loosening.

(j) Shackles should not be dragged on an abrasive surface.

(k) Multiple slings in the body of a shackle shall not exceed…