A04_Attachment_Task_1B_-_BLM_Water_-_RWUP.pdf

UNITED STATED DEPARTMENT OF

THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF LAND

MANAGEMENT

Eugene District

Office P.O. Box 10226

Eugene, OR 97440

FOR

SHOTGUN RECREATION SITE WASTE

WATER TREATMENT FACILITY

RECYCLED WATER USE PLAN

USDOI - Bureau of Land Management BLM Shotgun Creek Recreation Park

Facility Shotgun Creek STP Stabilization Lagoon with Aeration

Physical Address Shotgun Creek BLM Recreation Site 38455 Shotgun Creek Road Marcola, OR 97454

Mailing Address Bureau of Land Management 3106 Pierce Parkway, Suite E Springfield, OR 97477-7910

Recycled Water Use Plan Contact Contact: James Condit, Civil Engineer, Phone: (541-683-6212.

Wastewater Plant Contact Contact: Paul Walker Phone: (541)683-6600 E-mail: pwalker@blm.gov mailto:pwalker@blm.gov

Recycled Water Use Plan BLM Shotgun Creek Recreation Park

1. INTRODUCTION

The USDOI - Bureau of Land Management, Eugene district owns and operates a small Level I domestic sewage collection and treatment disposal system under WPCF Permit No. 101895.

It consisting of an influent wet well, influent pumping station, concrete aerobic clarifier lagoon, effluent pumping station, chlorine contact chamber and land application of recycled wastewater with a spray irrigation field.

The treatment facility receives domestic waste from Shotgun Park BLM Recreation site. The site is 260 acres in size with about 35 acres developed. Wastewater is generated from the park use areas"and an administration building. Influent flow to the treatment system averages 500 gallons per day. Wastewater is collected in a wet well, then pumped to an aeration basin and treated for a 30 to 60 day holding period. Treated wastewater is disinfected by chlorination and then discharged to the spray irrigation area.

Supervision, daily operations and maintenance of the system are conducted by DEQ Wastewater System Operator Qualified BLM staff. Consulting is provided by Delta Environmental Services Inc. Analytical testing is provided by Analytical Laboratory & Consultants Inc.

This "Recycled Water Use Plan" (RWUP) supersedes any previous plans for the facility.

2. Beneficial Purposes The RWUP rules identify a number of approved beneficial purposes for use with defined classes of water. The effluent water from the BLM Shotgun Creek wastewater facility receives Class C and D treatment as defined in OAR 340-055.

Irrigation of forested areas, Christmas trees, firewood, and ornamental nursery stock are all approved beneficial purposes for Class C and D recycled water.

Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 55-0012 (4), contain the Regulations pertaining to Class D Recycled Water Quality Standards and Requirements for Sewage Treatment Plants. Our current WPCF Class C permit is more suited for a Class D designation to accurately reflect our facility's recycled water usage and current recycled water quality standards and requirements as outlined in OAR 340-055-0012 (4).

3. DESCRIPTION (Wastewater Processing) The USDOI — Bureau of Land Management, Eugene District owns and operates a small Level 1 domestic sewage collection and treatment system consisting of an influent wet well, influent pumping station, concrete aerobic clarifier lagoon, effluent pumping station, chlorine contact chamber and land application of recycled wastewater with a spray irrigation outfall field. The treatment facility, Level II, receives domestic waste from Shotgun Park BLM Recreation site, one host residence, and an administration building. Influent to the treatment plant is by a gravity collection system. It enters the treatment plant lift station which contains two submersible duplex pumps. The pumps deliver the wastewater to a 73,000 gallon concrete lagoon which

Shotgun Creek RWUP WPCF Permit No. 101895 File No.100100 contains a surface aerator. An influent flow meter is located between the lift station and lagoon.

Influent flows average approximately 500 gallons per day. Treated wastewater is disinfected by chlorinating and then land applied to a spray irrigation field typically during the months of May through October

4. REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 55, contain the Regulations pertaining to the Use of Reclaimed Water (Treated Effluent) from Sewage Treatment Plants. Page 2 of the NPDES permit contains the DEQ Regulations specifying the level of treatment (Class C or Class D), corresponding allowable uses of reclaimed water, and standards which must be met.

In order to meet the criteria as outlined in (OAR) 340-55-012 (5), (b) and (c), the Shotgun will treat the effluent to a Class C quality. The following table describes the beneficial purpose, Class of water, quantity and frequency of irrigation:

Beneficial Purpose Fodder, Fiber, Firewood, Timber, Pasture grass, hay

Class of Water

CorD

Quantity

10MG/YR

Frequency

May 1st- Oct 31st

Disinfection occurs during the 1.0 hours of contact time as the water flows through the serpentine chambers.

• For Class C recycled water the sampling frequency is once per week; where no two consecutive samples shall exceed 240 total coliform organisms per 100 mL; and the 7-day median shall be less than 23 organisms per 100 mL.

• For Class D recycled water the sampling frequency is once per week; recycled water must exceed a 30-day log mean of 126 E. coli organisms per 100 mL; and 406 E. coli organisms per 100 mL.

Setback distances are based on the class of recycled water being applied through a sprinkler system.

Table 1 Class C Recycled Water Use Restriction

Property Line Private road Public road

Food preparation area Drinking water fountain

Micro-spray Irrigation system 10 feet 10 feet 25 feet

100 feet

70 feet

Sprinkler system

100 feet 25 feet 100 feet

100 feet

70 feet

Cannon irrigation system 100 feet 25 feet 100 feet

200 feet

200 feet

FiIeNo.100100

Table 2 Class D Recycled Water Use Restriction

Property Line Private road Public road

Food preparation area Drinking water fountain

Micro-spray Irrigation system 20 feet 20 feet 50 feet

100 feet

70 feet

Sprinkler system

100 feet 30 feet 100 feet

100 feet

70 feet

Cannon irrigation system 100 feet 50 feet 100 feet

200 feet

200 feet

The Shotgun maintains a minimum buffer from the irrigation site to the property line and there are no areas of food preparation or drinking fountains near the land application area.

5. MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS

Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340, Division 55-0012 (4), contain the Regulations pertaining to Class D Recycled Water Quality Standards and Requirements for Sewage Treatment Plants. Paragraph 4(c) states "Class D recycled water must not exceed a 30-day log mean of 126 E. coli organisms per 100 milliliters and 406 E. coli organisms per 100 milliliters in any single sample." Our current WPCF Class C permit is more suited for a Class D designation to accurately reflect our facility's recycled water use and current recycled water quality standards and requirements as defined in OAR 340-055-0012 (4).

A. Class C Recycled Water:

i. The treated effluent is sampled for Total Coliform once per week, during times of land application. The sampled effluent must not exceed a median of 23 total coliform organisms per 100 milliliters, based on results of the last seven days that analyses have been completed, and 240 total coliform organisms per 100 milliliters in any two consecutive samples.

B. Class D Recycled Water:

i. The treated effluent is sampled for E. coli once per week, during times of Land application. The sampled effluent must not exceed a 30-day log mean of 126 E.

coli organisms per 100 milliliters and 406 E. coli organisms per 100 milliliters in any single sample.

C. Total Coliform and E. coli Testing and Disinfection:

i. Bacteria monitoring will be conducted in accordance with one of the approved tests methods as specified in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition, or according to any test procedure that has been

FileNo.100100 authorized and approved in writing by the Director or his authorized representative:

Method Reference Method Number Chromogenic Standard Method 9223 Substrate 20th Edition

Wastewater effluent is first chlorinated and then pumped to a pressurized contact tank. The chlorine residual is determined by a manual grab sample at the time of pumping. The pH is automatically monitored by an inflow probe and sent to data storage. A flow meter then measures the discharged to the spray irrigation area.

The Shotgun contracts their analysis for total coliform to Analytical Laboratory in Eugene, Oregon. The sample containers are prepared and sterilized at the laboratory and then delivered to the treatment facility. The sampling is performed by the treatment facility operator, then sealed, placed in an iced cooler and shipped to lab. The operator pulls the samples, puts them on ice, fills out the chain of custody and a sample analysis request form provided by lab and then drives the samples to the lab within a couple of hours . A copy of the forms is retained for the Shotgun files and the original forms accompany the sample to the laboratory. Once the analysis is complete the results are mailed with copies of the chain of custody forms to the Shotgun. The sampling and analytical analysis follows the methods as outlined in 40 CFR Part 136. A copy of the laboratory QA/QC is on file.

6. Public Health and Environmental Controls Under OAR 340-055-0016 Before approving or modifying any plan for Class C or D recycled water the DEQ will submit the proposed plan to the Oregon Department of Human Services for comment(DEQ -OHA check list Attachment 1). Due to the remote location and the distance from the park of the treatment plant and spray irrigation area, public health concerns are minimal.

All areas are secured by chain link security fencing and warning signs are posted indicating the presence of treated wastewater. Direct contact from aerosols is the main health concern.

Setbacks have been established to minimize transfer of recycled water out of the disposal area.

Operational employees are trained in safety practices when in contact with wastewater and recycled water. Appropriate safety items such as disposable gloves, safety glasses, eye wash stations, masks and anti-bacterial soaps are provided in key areas.

Environmental concerns would include surface runoff from the site and groundwater infiltration.

The system is checked daily^during operation for ponding or surface drainage from the irrigation areas. Application rates are followed so as to prevent the recycled water from reaching the groundwater table.

1. Signage: Land application site must be readable signage with appropriate language indicating recycled water is used. RECYCLED WATER USED - NOT SAFE FOR DRINKING /AGUA DE REUSO - NO SALUDABLE PARA BEBER People who work

FileNo.100100 in the land application site area must be notified that recycled water is in use. A written record must be kept of how workers were notified.

7. System Maintenance and Contingency Procedures The operation and maintenance of the system will be provided by the BLM staff. A detailed "Operations & Maintenance Manual" will be kept at the facility outlining the procedures for the facility.

A SCADA system was installed by The Automation Group Inc. for data acquisition and alarms control. There are two PLC systems in use. The administrative building PLC is used to monitor the utility company power, the standby generator power systems and monitor the security alarm system.

The sewage treatment plant PLC is used to monitor utility power and standby generator systems.

It will monitor and control the plant processes and access into the treatment building and lift station.

Both the administrative building PLC and the sewage treatment plant PLC communicate their various status and control functions to the central station computer located in the administrative building. Both human interface and auto dialer capabilities are available for data retrieval and alarm notification.

A general operations overview of the system and alarms is included in "Operations & Maintenance Manual".

Emergency power is supplied by a diesel generator capable of powering the system in the event of utility failure. The generator is connected to the PLC alarm system and signals in case of failure.

8. IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND SITE CHARACTERISTICS

Irrigation System: Recycled Water Transmission, Storage, Distribution, and Plumbing

The 73,000 gallon aerated lagoon is the main storage tank for the system. Recycled water is chlorinated by injection of liquid Sodium Hypochlorite. It then passes through a pressurized contact tank before traveling through 1910 feet of 2 V% inch PVC line to the spray irrigation disposal field. Coliform testing ensures adequate disinfection levels are maintained at all times in the system. The recycled water lines are clearly marked as non-potable. A single potable water line services the treatment plant area. No cross connections exist in the plumbing system. Potable water is used for washing purposes and to fill the chlorine solution tank. A set of site maps and engineering plans is included in the maps and plans section of this plan.

The irrigation system distribution lines consist of low density 50mm K-line poly pipe. There are 2 zones containing 21 rotator sprinkler heads (12 in zone one & 11 in zone two). They

FiIeNo.100100 are positioned 40 feet apart and adjusted to 45 psi maximum pressure. The sprinkler heads distribute approximately 2 gpm at this setting.

Two Rain Bird PESB-R Series scrubber valves located in the center valve boxes alternate and regulate flow on the sprinkler lines.

Four 1.5 inch Green drain valves located at the end of each line allow for draining and flushing of the laterals.

A complete list of parts from Pacific Ag Systems Inc. is located in Appendix A.

Diagrams of the effluent disposal area including distribution lines, sprinkler locations, scrubber valves, drain valves and sampling outlet are located in the Maps & Plans section of the manual.

Specific instructions for operation of the system are contained in the Operations & Maintenance Manual for the facility.

9. Land Application Plan Location The U.S Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management Eugene District owns and operates a small wastewater collection and treatment system at the Shotgun Creek Recreation Park. The Plant is located on Shotgun Creek Road about five miles north of Marcola, Oregon. The existing spray irrigation system consists of 2 acres of federal lands, located directly southwest of the lagoon. Recycled water is pumped from the chlorine contact tank up to a Nelsen R2000 WF rotator irrigation system.

The Shotgun Creek facility is approximately 23 miles Northeast of Eugene and includes part of Sections 29, 30, 31 and 32 in T. 15 S., R. 1W., WIM. The spray irrigation area covers approximately 5 acres of land. It is zoned as Federal Forest Lands. Site maps including setbacks, property boundaries and water ways are included in the Maps & Plans section (Attachment 2). No water supply sources or developed property are located adjacent to the facilities.

Site Characterization

A topographic map of the area is included in the Maps & Plans section. The spray irrigation area slope average is <30% and is towards the East boundaries of the property. The site profile indicates that the dominant soil series on-site is Blachly clay loam.

Soils A soils map of the site shows the soils are predominantly Blachly clay loam 3 to 30 percent slope (15E). These are deep, well drained soils on linear convex-convex slopes used mainly for forestry. Permeability of the Blachly soil is moderately high (0.2 to 0.6 inch/hour).

FiIeNo.100100

Available water capacity for the soil profile is high around 9.5 inches. Effective root zone depth is about 55 inches to weather bedrock.

The significant hydrologic properties of the site soils are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1 Soil

Blachly clay loam

Soil Properties (Hydrology) Map Unit

15E

Depth (inches)

56 to 66

Permeability (inch/hr)

0.2-0.6

Water Capacity

(inch) 9.5

Hydrologic Soil Group

C

10. IRRIGATION AND CROP MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS

Returning crop residue to the soil will help to maintain fertility and tilth (water holding capacity). To ensure no runoff of wastewater from this site, irrigation rates during any day should not exceed 0.20 inches per hour (the soil water holding capacity is about 9.5 inches/ac for a 60 inch profile; an acre inch of treated effluent is 27,154 gallons).

The spray irrigation area is not used to irrigate crops. It consists of conifer forest with approximately 15% understoiy and over 95% herbaceous ground cover. The surface organic matter is about three inches deep above the native soil. Consequently, natural rates of water infiltration, water storage and erosion have been maintained. There have been several nutrient loading studies on Douglas fir trees. Heilman et al. 1982 and Preston et al. 1990 performed long term studies on Douglas firs using nitrogen loadings of 175 -200 Ibs/ac on mature stands (Attachment 3). For this plan WPCF permit Schedule B, has been updated to include nutrient sampling and annual agronomic load reporting. Land application of nutrients will be based on quarterly recycled water nutrient analysis. Soil nutrient analysis for cany over nitrogen must be done once every three years between the late summer (Aug.) early fall (Oct.) of each year at the land application site at soil depths of (0-12" and 12-24") for soil carry over nitrogen (see permit WPCF Schedule B). Annual consumptive and nutrient loadings must be included in Shot Gun Creek annual recycled water report.

Water quality parameters for the recycled water in 2014 averages as follows:

Biochemical Oxygen Demand 2.48 lbs.

Total Suspended Solids 7.73 lbs.

pH 7.4

11. SITE WATER BUDGET AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS

Soil water budget calculations are used to determine the volume of supplemental irrigation required for optimum crop production. In addition, this budget allows calculation of potential leaching volume. One objective of the Reclaimed Water Use Plan is to minimize leaching to avoid ground water impacts.

FileNo.100100

A monthly crop water use budget was computed for this site using the Blaney Criddle methodology described by Oregon Crop Water Use and Irrigation Requirements, OSU Extension Miscellaneous 8530, October 1992. Precipitation and temperature data are from Eugene weather Soil Survey of Lane County Oregon, September 1987. Weather conditions for Eugene were used to compute monthly potential evapotranspiration. Trees were used as an example crop for calculation of monthly crop coefficients. Values for monthly water use represent the total water applications (precipitation plus irrigation) needed to maintain the soils at field moisture capacity without leaching losses to groundwater. Table 2 summarizes the results of the water use (crop consumption) calculations.

FileNo.100100

Table 2. Consumptive irrigation requirements for trees in Euger

Month

January February March April May June July August September October November December Totals:

Precip. (Inch)

8.89 5.05 5.34 2.53 1.93 1.26 0.25 0.81 1.33 3.50 6.70 8.28 45.8

Temp. (deg.

F)

40.8 44.2 47.4 50.6 55.8 62.0 67.3 67.6 62.8 54.1 46.1 41.1

19 in 20 yrET

Crop In.

1.77 3.31 5.04 6.38 7.99 6.57 4.72 2.28 0.71

38.06 le OR area.

19 in 20 yr Net

IRRIn.

0.08 1.73 3.94 5.83 7.91 6.57 4.45 1.77

32.26

Application Rates and Irrigation Scheduling

Irrigation at the facility varies each year depending on influent flows and current weather conditions. The following table is a summary of weather conditions recorded for Eugene Oregon. The Normal Climate Period data is from 1971 to 2000 according to the National Climate Data Center (NCDC).

Table 3. Temperature and precipitation in Eugene

Month

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Temp UF Avg. Maximum

46.5 50.7 55.9 60.6 66.8 73.3 81.5 81.9 76.6 64.6 52.1 45.7

Temp UF Avg. Minimum

33.0 34.9 36.7 38.9 42.7 47.0 50.8 50.8 46.7 40.5 37.2 33.3

OR area.

Temp UF

Mean 39.8 42.8 46.3 49.8 54.8 60.2 66.2 66.4 61.7 52.6 44.7 39.5

Precipitation 7.65 6.35 5.80 3.66 2.66 1.53 0.64 0.99 1.54 1.70 8.44 8.29

FileNo.100100

12. WATER QUALITY CONSIDERATIONS

According to the Table 2, irrigation is possible during the months of May through October. If soil moisture does not exceed field capacity, there will be little leaching to groundwater during the irrigation season. At the applied wastewater rates of two to three cycles (550 gallons per cycle) a day there should be little soil nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) available for leaching to groundwater during the year.

The irrigation schedule should result in no runoff of wastewater to surface waters or leaching of wastewater constituents to groundwater. The trees and ferns on the land application site will beneficially use of the wastewater.

The total land needed for an adequate spray irrigation site can be determined by calculating the total water that can be applied of over the irrigation season. The design average daily flow for this facility is 1,200 gallons a day (GPD). The park is only open during the summer months of the year. If the park operate 8 months a year then that would yield 1,200 gpd X 310 day/year = 372,000 gallons/year (13.7 inches or 1.1 ac feet) of water. The park has a 2 acre land application site that recycled water can be beneficially land applied.

An acre foot of water (one foot of water over 43,560 sq. ft. of land) is equal to approximately 326,000 gallons. Therefore, each acre will accept approximately 533,551 (410,424 X 1.3) gallons of treated wastewater. By dividing the total amount of treated wastewater to be disposed of each year by 43 8,000 the total area of land needed for disposal can be calculated.

Total sewage flows = 1200 gal/dayx 150 days =

372,000 gal/yr. Total rainfall impacting lagoons

+1,221,930 gal/yr. Summer evaporation from lagoons ^ l,033,481gal/vr. Wastewater to irrigate = 188,449 gal/yr.

372.000 gal/yr.

188,449 gal/ac

= 1.97 acres

The 2014 irrigation recycled water use (total gallons per month) are shown in Table 4.

Table 4, Shotgun Creek 2014 recycled water monthly irrigation.

Month

January February March

Irrigation Events

Gallons Irrigated per Month

11,026 35,786 21,908

Average Daily Gallons

1,100

FileNo.100100

April May June July August September October November December

10,341 14,600

5,515 7,013 4,921 5,176 14,496 34,296

13. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

Schedule D, establishes the following conditions for effluent disposal by land Irrigation:

1. All reclaimed water must be managed in accordance with the approved Reclaimed Water Use Plan. No substantial changes must be made in the approved plant without written approval of the Department.

2. No reclaimed water must be released by the permittee to another person, as defined in ORS 468.005, for use unless there is a valid contract between the permittee and t hat person that meets the requirements of OAR 340-55-015(9).

3. The permittee must notify the Department within 24 hours if it is determined that the treated effluent is being used in a manner not in compliance with OAR 340-55.

4. No reclaimed water must be made available to a person proposing to recycle unless that person certifies in writing that they have read and understand the provisions to these rules. Certification is to be kept on file.

5. A deep-rooted, permanent grass cover must be maintained on the land irrigation area at all times. Grass must be periodically cut and removed to ensure maximum evapotranspiration and nutrient capture.

6. The Permittee must submit and obtain permission to remove accumulated solids from the holding ponds six (6) months in advance of the removal. Department approval of a Biosolids Management Plan must be created and approval obtained.

7. A properly certified operator must be in attendance at all times.

8. The River is water quality limited for fecal Coliform bacteria, dissolved oxygen, mercury and iron during the period of discharge. This permit may be reopened to include any Waste Load allocation (WLA), best management practice or any other condition required by the Total Maximum Daily Load for this water body.

9. Discharges may be allowed outside of November through April during periods of high precipitation, but only with the prior written authorization from the Department.

Source will operate the spray irrigation system as provided in the NPDES permit, Schedule D.

During this time, the operator must perform the following tasks:

1. The Land Irrigation will occur mostly in March through October depending on rainfall.

FileNo.100100

2. The operator will need to be available whenever irrigation is scheduled.

3. Prior to initiating irrigation, all visible components of the irrigation pump, valves, appurtenances, and risers should be verified to function as described.

4. The operator will align the appropriate irrigation zone and start the irrigation pump in a recirculation mode until proper disinfection is obtained. The operator will then set an operational timer to allow the system to irrigate at the proper rate.

5. When irrigation is complete the operator will record the number of hours the pump ran, and the number of gallons pumped. The operator should also verify that the irrigation system has run as anticipated, with no runoff or ponding.

14. Site Monitoring Plan

The irrigation area will be inspected each day before the irrigation system is activated.

Operators will check for any surface ponding or evidence that water has been running out of the irrigation area. Also the pipe and sprinkler heads will be checked for damage.

After activation, the system will again be checked for proper operation. Areas of excess moisture should be noted at the end of the irrigation day. Sprinkler heads should be adjusted in these areas to reduce any ponding or soil saturation.

On days that the effluent flows exceed facility average daily flow of 1,200 gpd soil moisture monitoring must be taken once a week. Soil moisture samples must be taken at soil depths of 0-6" 6-12" and deeper if soil is wetting front is present from irrigation. Attachment 4, Soil moisture reading may be estimated using the USDA April 1998 Estimating Soil Moisture by Feel and Appearance Method.

15. Records and Reporting The land irrigation system requires a minimum amount of monitoring. Records of quantity irrigated, chlorine residuals, quantity of chlorine used, pH, Total Coliforms/E. coli and nutrients tested for should be maintained. This information should be included with the Daily Monitoring Report (DMR) for the treatment facilities and reported to the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) monthly as required by the Source NPDES Permit.

Records for the facility will be kept on file in the administrative building. Records of all monitoring and maintenance information including all calibrations, copies of all reports required by the WPCF permit, and records of all data used to complete any reports or applications will be retained for a minimum of 3 years.

By no later than January 15 of each year, the permittee or their representative will submit to the DEQ an annual report describing the effectiveness of the recycled water system to comply with this Recycled Water Use Plan, the rules of Division 55, and the limits and conditions of the WPCF permit applicable to reuse of recycled water.

Appendix A Pacific Ag Systems, Inc.

Page: 1

Quote 93780 Highway 99 South Junction City, OR 97448 (541)998-1983

(541) 998-6768 Fax

Sold To:

Eugene Dist. BLM c/o Maintenance Organization PO Box 10226 933-2899 Shotgun Creek# Eugene, OR 97440

Order Number; 0 0 0 2 4 8 6 Order Date: 10/16/2008

Salesperson: AK Customer Number: CASH08

Quote Expiration Date: 11/7/2008

Ship To:

Eugene Dist. BLM c/o Maintenance Organization PO Box 10226 933-2899 Shotgun Creek# Eugene, OR 97440

Confirm To:

Paul 683-6459

Customer P.O.

Item Number

Phone #: ( )

Unit

KLINE01410 PER

POLY Low Density Pipe (50mm!)

KLINE02110 EACH

K-LINE MALE COUPLING (2 WIIPT

GATE900125

2" Galv. TEE

GANI001550

2 x 3 " Galv. NIPPLE

GACA900040

2 Galv. CAP

EACH

EACH

EACH

Ship VIA

DELIVERY

Ordered

1,000.00

Shipped

0.00

8.00 0.00 x 50mm Comp OVERSIZED)

6.00

4.00

4.00

INRE000002 EACH 1,00

RECTOR SEAL T+2 w/Teflon, 1/2 Pint (8 Fluid Ounces)

/LABOR /HR

Labor - 1 MAN ** In-House **

0.75

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Job Description: poly & Rot. Sprinklers

Terms Upor Receipt

Back Order

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Price

1.49

19.56

7.61

2.69

3.45

0.00 13.99

For sealing the threaded connections.

0.00 70.00

Amount

1,490.00

156.48

45.66

10.76

13.80

13.99

52.50

Labor to weld on mounting "C" bracket

8 GABU902150

2 xVA" Galv. BUSHING

EACH 4.00 0.00 0.00 3.47 13.88

Continued

93780 Highway 99 South Junction City, OR 97448 (541)998-1983

(541) 998-6768 Fax

Page:

Quote Order Number: 0 0 0 2 4 8 6

Order Date: 10/16/2008 Salesperson: AK

Customer Number: CASH08 Quote Expiration Date: 11/7/2008

Sold To:

Eugene Dist. BLM c/o Maintenance Organization PO Box 10226 933-2899 Shotgun Creek# Eugene, OR 97440 Confirm To:

Ship To:

Eugene Dist. BLM c/o Maintenance Organization PO Box 10226 933-2899 Shotgun Creek# Eugene, OR 97440

Paui 683-6459 Phone #: { ) -

Customer P.O. Ship VIA

DELIVERY

item Number unit Ordered

9 /CUSTOM - NEW 4.00

1.5" Gheen drain valve long

10 SPSP62R200 EACH 22.00

Nelson R2000WF Rotator w/#18p!ate(Gold)oz

11 SPPA620879 EACH 11.00

Nelson R2000 Rotator ROAD GUARD High Angle i

12 /CUSTOM - NEW 22.00

FT5 Feedtube Assm. for R2000WF

(#9879)

Shipped

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Job Description: Poly & Rot Sprinklers

Terms Upon Receipt

Back Order

0.00

0.00

Nofe.- The #18 noz is 9/64".

Price

23.29

8.63

0.00 2.55

This guard is for 180 degree operation.

0.00 3.99

Amount

93.16

189.86

28.05

87.78

The feed tube is 48" long, & the ID. is .37".

13 /CUSTOM-NEW

8mm Steel Rod Stake 48"

22.00 0.00 0.00 2.25

14 /CUSTOM - NEW

Drill Punch Tool for install

1.00 0.00 0.00 15.00

49.50

15.00

15 /CUSTOM - NEW

#413302 3x30" Red Earth Anchor

16 /CUSTOM -NEW

#241176 Tension Spring HD

4.00

2.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

9.32

10.65

37.28

21.30

Continued

93780 Highway 99 South Junction City, OR 97448 (541)998-1983

(541) 998-6768 Fax

Page:

Quote Order Number: 0002486

Order Date: 10/16/2008

Salesperson: AK Customer Number: CASH08

Quote Expiration Date: 11/7/2008

Sold To:

Eugene Dist. BLM c/o Maintenance Organization PO Box 10226 933-2899 Shotgun Creek# Eugene, OR 97440 Confirm To:

Paul 683-6459 Phone #: ( ) -

Ship To:

Eugene Dist. BLM c/o Maintenance Organization PO Box 10226 933-2899 Shotgun Creek# Eugene, OR 97440

Job Description: Poly & Rot. Sprinklers

Customer P.O.

Item Number unit

17 /CUSTOM-NEW

#241334 Galv. Inline Ratchet

18 /CUSTOM - NEW

#488692 9 Gauge Smooth Wire

19 /CUSTOM-NEW

Wire Crimp Sleeve

20 /CUSTOM - NEW

FT5 Goof Plug

Ship VIA

DELIVERY

Ordered

2.00

1.00

8.00

5.00

Shipped

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Terms Upon Receipt

Back Order

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Price

7.09

19.98

3.00

0.66

Amount

14.18

19.98

24.00

3.30

Total Job Cost:

Less Down Payment:

Check #:

Balance Due:

Estimate Delivery Date:

Signed:

Date: / /

Net Order:

Less Discount:

Freiqht:

2,380.46 0.00 0.00

Order Total: 2,380.46

Quote Valid Until: / /

TECH SPECS

PESB-R Series Valves Durable chlorine-resistant valves for reclaimed water applications

A true reclaimed water valve, able to handle chlorine and other chemicals found in reclaimed water systems. PESB-R Series valves offer long life and efficient, trouble-free performance - even in harsh reclaimed water applications. Construction of heavy-duty, glass-filled nylon, these valves resist clogging and feature a patented scrubber to actively f ight dirt, algae and other particles from block ing the pilot flow.

Features

• Diaphragm and plastic scrubber components molded of chlorine- and chemical-resistant materials.

- Body constructed of durable glass-filled nylon construction for long life and heavy-duty performance at 200 psi (13,80 bar) pressure.

• Stainless steel studs molded into the body.

Bonnet can be attached and removed easily wi thout damaging threads.

• One-piece solenoid design with captured plunger and spring for easy servicing.

Prevents loss of parts during field service.

• External bleed protects the solenoid ports from debris when system is flushed.

• Internal bleed operates the valve without allowing water into the valve box; allows pressure regulator to be adjusted wi thout turning on the valve at the controller first.

• Slow closing to prevent water hammer and subsequent system damage.

• Scrubber mechanism scrapes stainless steel screen clean to break down grit and plant material

- Purple f low control handle standard on

PESB-R Series valves.

Options (order separately)

• Accommodates optional, field installed

PRS-D pressure regulating module to ensure opt imum sprinkler performance.

• Accepts latching solenoid for use with

Rain Bird battery-operated controllers up to

150 psi (10,35 bar).

• PESB-R conversion kits are available t o convert existing PEBand PESB valves to reclaimed water valves.

Operating Range

• Pressure: 20 to 200 psi (1,38 to 13,80 bar)

• Flow: 0.25 to 200 gpm {0,06 to 45,40 m3/h;

1,2to757l/m}

• F lowwi thPRS-D:5to200gpm(1,14to

45,40 m3/h; 19,2 to 757 l/m)

• Temperature: up to 150° F (66° C)

GPM 1"

0.25 0.5

1.6 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.6 5.8 10 2 16.0

150-PESB-R

I V

3.5 3.1 2.3 2.1 4.3 7,5 11.9 17.0

200-PESB-R

2"

-3.7 3.3 4.7 8.6 12.6 14.8 18.9

Flow mJ/h 0,06 0,3 0,6 1,2 n 15

Flow i/m

2,5 0,11 0,13 0,15 0,20 0,19 0,32 0,69

100-PESB-R 150-PESB-R

3,8 cm

200-PESB-R

5,1cm

0,22 0,16 0,16 0,24 0,33 0,45 0,59 0,75 0,91 1,10

0,25 0,24 0,25 0,30 0,38 0,53 0,67 0,82 0,92 1,00 1,13 1,30

Notes 1}iossvaluesareivitliflowcontroifullyopm

2) PRS-D module recommended brail flow ranges.

Recommendations

1) Rain Bird recommends flov/rates in the supply line not to exceed 75 ftJsec

023 mis) in order 10 reduce the effects of water hammer.

2) For Hows belowSgpm (!, 14 m'M; 19,21 l/m), Rain Bird recommends use ol upstream filtration to prevent debits from collecting below the diaphragm.

3) For flows below 10 gpm (2,37 m3/h;37Jil/mS Rain Bird recommends the flow conttohtem be turned dovm two full turm from the fully open position.

Electrical Specifications

• Power: 24 VAC 50/60 Hz (cycles/sec) solenoid

• Inrush current: 0.41 A(9.84VA)at60Hz

• Holding current: 0.28 A (6.72 VA) at 60 Hz

• Coil resistance: 30-39 Ohms

Dimensions Size Heiqht

100 6l6" (16,5 cm)

150 8" (20,3 cm)

200 8" (203 cm)

Lenqth

4" (10,2 cm)

6" (15,2 cm)

6" (15,2 cm)

Width

4" (10,2 cm)

6" (15,2 cm)

6" (15,2 cm)

Note: The PRS-D option adds2" (5,1 cm) to valve height.

Models

• 100PESB-R 1 "(26/34)

• 150PESB-R 1 V$" (40/49)

• 200PESB-R 2"(50/60)

• PESB-R Conversion Kit

BSP threads available, specify when ordering.

100-PESBR-PRS-D

i Size

100:1" 150:1W 200: 2"

J r-1

Model

PESB-R:

scrubber model

Optional Feature PRS-D: pressure regulating module

Note: Valve and PRS-D module must be ordered separately.

Specifications The electric remote control valve shall be a normally closed 24 VAC 50/60 Hz (cycles/sec) solenoid actuated g lobe pattern design. The valve pressure rating shall not be less than

200 psi (13,80 bar).The valve shall have the following characteristics (circle one):

Flow rate: g p m m3/h l/m

Pressure loss not to exceed: psi bar

The valve body shall be constructed of heavy-duty, glass-filled UV resistant nylon and have stainless steel studs and flange nuts. Diaphragm shall be of nylon reinforced

EPDM rubber.

The valve shall have both internal and exter nal manual open/close control (internal and external bleed) to manually open and dose the valve without electrically energizing the solenoid. The valve's internal bleed shall prevent f looding of the valve box.

The valve shall house a fully-encapsulated, one-piece solenoid.The solenoid shall have a captured plunger wi th a removable retainer for easy servicing and a leverage handle for easy turning.This 24 VAC 50/60 Hz solenoid shall open with 19.6 VAC minimum at 200 psi

(13,80 bar). At 24 VAC, average inrush current shall not exceed 0.41 amps. Average holding current shall not exceed 0.28 amps.

The valve shall have a brass f low control stem for accurate manual regulation and/or shut-off of outlet flow. The valve must open or close in less than 1 minute at 200 psi (13,80 bar), and less than 30 seconds at 20 psi

{1,38 bar).

The PESB-R valve shall have a self-cleaning stainless steel screen designed for use in dirty water applications.

The valve construction shall be such as to provide for all internal parts to be removable from the top of the valve without disturbing the valve installation.

The valve shall have a purple f low control handle to indicate to the user that non-po table water is being used.

Optional Feature Specifications PRS-D Pressure Regulating Module:

100PESB-R-PRS-D

150PESB-R-PRS-D

200PESB-R-PRS-D

When so indicated on the design, the 1" 1 W and 2"electric remote control plastic valves shall have a pressure regulating module

(PRS-D) capable of regulating outlet pressure between 15 and 100 psi (±3 psi) (1,04 and

6,90 bar (±0,21 bar}).

The PRS-D module shall have an adjusting knob for setting pressure, wi th a pressure indicator scale, and Schrader valve connec t ion for monitoring pressure.The pressure shall be adjustable from the PRS-D when the valve is internally manually bled or electri cally activated.

Plastic Electric Remote Control PESB-R Valve (with PRS-D)

$9|3<$S%oB8i3b&$9&

PESB-R Conversion Kit:

100PESBRWK

150PESBRWK

200PESBRWK

PESB-R conversion kits are available to convert existing PEB and PESB valves to reclaimed water valves. Kits include NP handle, purple sticker, diaphragm assembly, scraper and snap washer. Diaphragm as sembly kits are also available separately.

The valve shall be as manufactured by

Rain Bird Corporation, Glendora, California.

Rain Bird Corporation 6991 E. Southpoint Road, Tucson, AZ, 85706, U.S.A.

Phone: (520) 741 -6100 Fax: (520) 741 -6522

Rain Bird Corporation 970W.Sierra Madre Avenue, Azusa, CA, 91702, U.S.A.

Phone: (626) 812-3400 Fax: (626) 812-34! 1

Rain Bird International, Inc.

P.O. Box 37, Giendora, CA, 91740-0037, U.S.A.

Phone: (626) 963-9311 Fax: (626) 852-7343

Technical Service and Support

(800) RA1NBIRD (U.S. and Canada only)

Specification Hotline

(800) 458-3005 (U.S. and Canada only) www.rainbird.com

The Intelligent Use of Water'" — Visit www.rainbird.com to learn about our efforts

" Registered trademark of Rain Bird Corporation.

©20G8Ratn Bird Corporation 2/0B http://www.rainbird.com http://www.rainbird.com

Attachment 1

-O, ' Oregon Department of Environmental Quality

RECYCLED WATER USE PLAN SUMMARY

Directions: Check {•/) appropriate boxes for tables and provide brief narrative where necessary.

Submit with Recycled Water Use Plan to DEQ.

DEQ

Slate of Oregon Department of Environ mental Quality

APPLICANT INFORMATION

Facility Name: BLM-Shotgun Creek Park Recreation Site Address: 3845S Shotgun Creek Road, Marcola, OR 97454

Contact Name/Phone Number: Jeanne Remi'ro / (541) 683-6981

TYPE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

u E\ •

Activated Sludge Mechanically Aerated Lagoon Aerated Lagoon

Re-circulating Gravel/Sand Filter Rotating Biological Filter Other (Specify):

Average Dry Weather Flow, million gallons per day (MGD):

TREATMENT CLASS IN ACCORDANCE WITH OAR 340-055-0012

n • d

Class A Class B Non-Disinfected water

El

Class C Class D

TREATMENT EFFICIENCY CAPABILITY DURING REUSE

Tertiary Treatment 85% or more BOD/TSS removal

• 95% or more BOD/TSS removal Rotating Biological Filter 90% or more BOD/TSS removal O Other (Specify):

DIS

o • m • n •

NFECTION METHOD

Chlorine injection just prior to irrigation Chlorine injection with storage of recycled water Chlorine injection after storage just prior to irrigation UV exposure just prior to irrigation UV exposure with storage of recycled water UV exposure after storage just prior to irrigation Other (specify):

STORAGE IMPOUNDMENT

Is there a storage facility proposed for this project?

if yes, at the WWTP If yes, located at a location other than the WWTP

Y P

N El •

If yes to either of the above, specify the location and length of time the storage facility will be used:

Recycled Water Use Plan Summary

ARE THERE ALARMS FOR VARIOUS UNIT PROCESSES?

Are alarms independent of the normal power supply of the plant?

N

Failure of a disinfection treatment process? P Failure of a clarification process? P Failure of a coagulation process?

Failure of a filtration process?

Are the alarms on separate circuit breakers from the reuse pumps?

is the Recycled Water back-up generator tested regulariy? O

IN THE EVENT OF POWER LOSS:

Can the plant continue to discharge?

Can there be any irrigation of non-disinfected water?

Y P P

N El El

If no to either of the above, specify control measures that will be in place to stop the irrigation as soon as possible.

RECYCLED WATER WILL BE BENEFICIALLY USED FOR THE FOLLOWING (CHECK ALL THAT

APPLY):

p p d n p

D

D P P a • p p

Beneficial Purpose Class

A B C D ND

Irrigation

Fodder, fiber, seed crops not intended for human ingestion, commercial timber Firewood, ornamental nursery stock, Christmas trees Sod Pasture for animals Processed food crops Orchards or vineyards if an irrigation method is used to apply recycled water directly to the soil Golf courses, cemeteries, highway medians, industrial or business campuses Any agricultural or horticultural use Parks, playgrounds, school yards, residential landscapes, other landscapes accessible to the public

Industrial, Commercial, or Construction Industrial cooling Rock crushing, aggregate washing, mixing concrete Dust contro!

Nonstructural fire fighting using aircraft Street sweeping or sanitary sewer flushing Stand alone fire suppression systems in commercial and residential buildings Non-residential toilet or urinal flushing, floor drain trap priming Commercial car washing Fountains when the water is not intended for human consumption

Y

Y Y Y Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y Y Y Y Y

Y

Y Y Y

Y

Y Y Y Y

Y

Y

N

N

Y Y Y Y Y

Y

Y N N

Y

Y Y Y Y

Y

Y

N_

N

Y Y Y Y Y

N N N N

Y

Y "Y

Y N

N

N

N

N N " N N N

N

N N N

Y

N N N N

N _ i

N

N

N

N N

N_| N

N

N N N

24 August 2009 Version 2.0 a p

Beneficial Purpose

Impoundments or Artificial Groundwater Recharge Water supply for landscape impoundments including, but not limited to, goif course water ponds and no n-residential landscape ponds Restricted recreational impoundments Nonrestricted recreational impoundments including, but not limited to, recreational lakes, water features accessible to the public, and public fishing ponds Artificial groundwater recharge

Other (describe):

Class

A

Y

Y

Y

Y

B

Y

Y

N

N

C | D

Y

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

ND

N

N

N

N "

PAGES 4&5 REQUIRED FOR IRRIGATION ONLY

THE IRRIGATION AREA WILL BE USED FOR THE FOLLOWING (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY):

Crops (specify types):

Pasture Forest Public access areas (specify types):

Natural areas (specify species or mix):

Other (specify):

APPLICATION RATE

Will irrigation be controlled not to exceed the water consumption rate of the crop being grown?

Will irrigation be controlled not to exceed the nutrient requirements of the crop being grown?

Y

N P

What is the proposed application rate of the recycled water?

Acreage of irrigation site ___ ___ The months that irrigation will be permitted If irrigation occurs with Class C recycled water at nighttime, will the public access be restricted to allow for sunlight contact on irrigated water? D Yes P No

If so, specify length of time

TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION LINES/PIPES Y N

At the end of the irrigation day, will-the transport lines/pipes be drained back to the wastewater treatment facility? P Is there a gate/ball shut off valve at the irrigation pump?

fs there an in line pressure relief valve to by-pass reuse water back into the source basin if there is a line transmission plug?

At the cessation of the irrigation season, will the transport lines/pipes be flushed and cleaned?

Is there a gate/ball shut off valve at the irrigation field, or at each irrigation _:one?

ZONED LAND USE OF IRRIGATION SITE (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

P Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) P 1 Forestry P Rural Residential

D m p

Industrial State/Federal lands Other (Specify):

ZONED LAND USE OF AREA AROUND IRRIGATION SITE (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) Industrial Forestry State/Federal lands Rural Residential Other (Specify):

Prevailing wind direction during irrigation season (specify):.

Will irrigation be restricted when winds exceed 10 MPH?:_

THE NEAREST DEVELOPED PROPERTY FROM IRRIGATION SITE (ft):

North boundary:

South boundary:

East boundary:

West boundary:

What is the nearest developed property downwind of irrigation site (specify type and distance):

Are there any playgrounds, schools, or public parks within % miie of irrigation site? (specify):

No

DOMESTIC WELLS

Are there any domestic welis or other domestic water sources located within the irrigation site?

Are there any domestic wells or other domestic water sources located within 150', 100, or 50' of the irrigation site?

Y O

D

N El if yes to either of the above, identify the number of wells or sources and identify their location on the attached site plan.

POTENTIAL RUN-OFF POINTS ARE LOCATED AT THE (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY):

P North boundary (specify): _ _ _

South boundary (specify):

East boundary (specify);

West boundary (specify):

PUBLIC ACCESS WILL BE CONTROLLED BY THE FOLLOWING (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY):

No trespassing or warning signs (specify spacing):

Fencing (specify type): Chain link Other (specify):

BARRIERS ON BOUNDARIES THAT MAY MITIGATE AEROSOL DRIFT (CHECK ALL THAT

AP

P P

PLY)

Natural vegetation (specify height and width):

Natural topography (specify):

Tree or fence row (specify height):

Other (specify):

None:

IRRIGATION METHOD (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

tU Set sprinkler heads with spray height of 1° ft- and spray diameter of ____}__ P Wheel irrigation line with spray height of and spray diameter of H I I C C I i n i y a u u i i l i n e VVII.II o p i a y i i c i y u i

Big gun irrigation with spray height of.

Other (specify):

and spray diameter of.

IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS (insert more rows as needed) Sprinkler head types (brand and model) Nelson R2000WF Rotator

Irrigation zones/cells PSI operating ranges

40 psi http://vvii.ii

REQUIRED ATTACHEMENTS:

1. Overhead scale diagram/plan view of the wastewater treatment plant that identifies the treatment and disinfection components of the plant,

2. Overhead scale diagram/plan view of the transport line from wastewater treatment plant to the reuse area,

3. Overhead scale diagram/plan of the irrigation site showing surrounding properties and irrigation system layout.

4. A full copy of the Recycled Wafer Use Plan.

HEALTH DIVISION REVIEW COMMENTS:

Attachment 2 03/11

SHOTGUN PARK EFFLUENT DISPOSAL AREA

INSTALLED:

K-LINE 01410 POLY LOW DENSITY PIPE, 50mm

21 NELSON R2000WF ROTATOR SPRINKLER HEADS

(Adjusted to 45 psi max pressure, 40' apart)

TWO RAIN BIRD PESB-R SERIES SCRUBBER VALVES

(in center valve boxes, to alternate & regulate flow on sprinkler lines) FOUR 1.5" GHEEN DRAIN VALVES (located at end of lines)

900 -ELEVATION

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

EUGENE DISTRICT OFFICE

Attachment 3

Chapter

Nutrient Management of Coastal Douglas-fir and Western Hemlock Stands; The Issues

G. F. WEETMAN, E. R. G, McWILLlAMS, and W. A THOMPSON

ABSTRACT. An attempt is made to review briefly the current understanding of the role of nutrient elements in controlling the productivity of Douglas-fir and western hemlock forests. Information on the uptake and cycling of major nutrients is summa rized. Nitrogen and phosphorus availability depends on forest site conditions, particularly moisture availability, humus form, and vegetative competition. Site preparation, slash burning, brush removal, and wind throw have also been found to affect nutrient availability. Coast Douglas-fir forests have shown reliable and consistent response to large-scale operational forest fertilization programs for over 30 years, Douglas-fir plantations in Europe have had nutritional problems. Coastal western hemlock forests, by contrast, have shown inconsistent response to nitrogen additions. The various reasons proposed for this lack of response are reviewed. The main nutrient management issues for Douglas-fir are: fertilizer response prediction, long-term productivity, and the effects of excessive nitrogen input in European plantations. The main issues for hemlock are:

sensitivity to vegetative competition for nutrients, chlorosis of regeneration on some sites, the long-term effects of windthrow on fertility, and the erratic response fertilization sometimes produces.

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugn menziesii) is the dominant commercial tree species in Washington and Oregon, with a long history of successful operational fertiliza tion based on detailed study of its nutritional require ments. Current American concerns about Douglas-fir nutrition mainly focus on maintaining stand produc tivity and predicting fertilizer response. However, the lack of long-term data limits our ability to prove or disprove that current and projected management prac tices will not impair long-term productivity.

In British Columbia, coast Douglas-fir is relatively unimportant commercially, because of its limited range.

The species is locally important on southern Vancouver Island and the southwestern mainland. Approximately 80,000 hectares of second-growth coast Douglas-fir stands have been fertilized since 1963, mostly following juvenile spacing. Current research in Douglas-fir nu trition includes determining the relationships between the growth response to fertilization and the stand and site characteristics of different ecosystem types (Carter and Klinka 1988).

G.F. Wct-'tman is Professor of Silviculture and W.A: Thompson is Research Associate, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.

E.R.G. McWilliams is Forest Biometrics Consultant, Vancouver- Support of the B.C. Science Council is gratefully acknowledged.

Douglas-fir has been widely planted in central Eu rope for the last 100 years. Currently, high nitrogen inputs (due to pollution) and acidification are causing concern about nutrient management in that part of the world, attracting considerable scientific attention. For tunately, these problems do not yet exist in western North America and hopefully can be avoided. How ever, a high level of nitrogen availability combined with surplus growing season moisture on some Pacific Northwest sites is suspected to be related to distorted growth in off-site Douglas-fir plantations (Carter et al- 1986).

In contrast to Douglas-fir, western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) is by far the most important commercially valuable species on the coast of British Columbia and becomes increasingly less important as one proceeds south.