A.02.17.01 Encl 2 REDACTED RD TS2_CCAN126 Bldg5801 07June2023.pdf

Building 5801 - PFAS IRA Ansbach

Remedial Design of the PFAS Treatment System TS2 Katterbach Barracks, USAG Ansbach, Germany

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District

Contract Number: W912GB19D0006; Delivery Order W912GB21F0411

AECOM Project Number: 60669010

7 June 2023

FINAL

Building 5801 - PFAS IRA Ansbach FINAL Contract Number: W912GBD0006;

Delivery Order: W912GB21F0411

AECOM Project Number: 60669010

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Revision History

Revision Revision date Details

0 5 April 2023 Draft

1 7 June 2023 Final (English)

Distribution List

# Hard Copies PDF Required Association / Company Name

0 1 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District

0 1 USAG Ansbach, DPW, Environmental Management Division

0 1 U.S. Army Environmental Command

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Prepared for:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District Konrad-Adenauer-Ring 39 65187 Wiesbaden Germany

Prepared by:

AECOM International, Inc.

Brunnenstraße 5 70372 Stuttgart Germany

T: +49 (0)711 56 613-385 aecom.com

© 2023 AECOM International, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.

This document has been prepared by AECOM International, Inc. (“AECOM”) for sole use of our client (the “Client”) in accordance with generally accepted consultancy principles, the budget for fees and the terms of reference agreed between AECOM and the Client. Any information provided by third parties and referred to herein has not been checked or verified by AECOM, unless otherwise expressly stated in the document. No third party may rely upon this document without the prior and express written agreement of AECOM.

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

1.2 Objectives

2. Site Description

2.1 Site Settings

2.2 Project Area

2.3 Outline of Drainage System

3. Data Review

3.1 Previous Data

3.2 Specific Sampling from Groundwater Drainage

4. Preliminaries

4.1 Clean-up Goals

4.2 Permits and Approvals

4.2.1 Permit according to Water Law

4.2.2 Digging Permit (Utility Clearance)

4.2.3 Photo Permit

4.3 UXO Avoidance

4.4 Site Access

4.4.1 Access to the Installation

4.4.2 Access to the Treatment Area

4.5 Staging / Stockpiling Areas

4.6 Health & Safety Precautionary Measures

4.7 Ambient Air Monitoring in the Working Area

4.8 Management of Waste (IDW)

4.9 Civil Survey

5. Remedial Design

5.1 General Notes

5.2 Excavation Work

5.2.1 Utility Clearance

5.2.2 Excavation and Pipe Installation (General)

5.3 Set-up of Treatment Area and TS2 - Technical Specifications

5.3.1 Identification of Existing and Proposed Services

5.3.2 Catchment and Extraction of PFAS-Impacted Drainage Water

5.3.2.1 Vertical Extraction Shaft (“Structure 3”) – Specifications and Installation

5.3.2.2 Locate Existing Drainage Pipe (DN500, concrete, “Pipe 2”)

5.3.2.3 Pressure Riser Pipe to TS2 (DN32, PP-MD; “Pipe 3”) – Specifications and Installation

5.3.2.4 Treatment Area Concrete Slab – Specifications and Installation

5.3.3 Civil Drainage and Treatment Calculations

5.3.3.1 Selection / Calculation of Extraction Pump

5.3.3.2 Proposed Submersible Pump SQE 5-15

5.3.3.2.1 Specifications and Installation of Pump

5.3.3.2.2 Submersible Electric Motor

5.3.3.2.3 Control Panel

5.3.3.2.4 Electrical Submersible Pump Cable

5.3.3.2.5 Low Water Level Sensor

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5.3.4 Other Specifications

5.3.4.1 New Vertical Outlet Shaft (“Structure 4”) – Specifications and Installation

5.3.4.2 Locate Existing Drainage Pipe (DN500, concrete; “Pipe 5”)

5.3.4.3 Power Connection to Building 5801

5.3.4.4 Gravity Discharge Pipe (DN200, PP-MD, “Pipe 4”) – Specifications and Installation

5.3.5 TS2 Design / Treatment Technology

6. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of TS2

7. TS2 Process / Performance Monitoring and Documentation

7.1 TS2 Process and Performance Monitoring

7.2 Laboratory Analysis

7.3 Reporting

8. Principal Work Schedule

9. Cost Estimate (REDACTED )

10. References

Figures in Text

Figure 1 Shaft 105009A (645) Figure 2 TS2 Concrete Slab Details Figure 3 Proposed Structures 3 and 4 to proposed TS2 Figure 4 Pump Curve (SQE 5-15)

Tables in Text

Table 1 Summary of PFAS Laboratory Results from Groundwater Drainage Table 2 Results for Bavarian Basic Parameter List from Groundwater Drainage –

February 21, 2022 Table 3 Laboratory Results Other Parameters Table 4 Summary of Existing and Proposed Services Table 5 Proposed Water Monitoring Schedule during the Remediation Project 1 Table 6 Proposed Laboratory Analytical Requirements

Figures in Appendix

Figure A-1 Proposed Location and Setup of Treatment System TS2 Figure A-2 View Plan / Cadastral Map Figure A-3 Utility Situation (provisionally) Figure A-4 Profile View 1 Figure A-5 Profile View 2 Figure A-6 Potential Construction Design Vertical Extraction Shaft Figure A-7 Proposed Design of Trenches Figure A-8 Potential Construction Design Outlet Shaft Figure A-9 Process Flow Diagram of TS2

Appendices

Appendix A:

Appendix B:

Appendix C:

Photodocumentation Civil Survey

Cost Estimate (REDACTED )

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Abbreviations

A Ampere

A.C. alternating current

ACLF Active Cake Layer Filtration

AECOM AECOM International, Inc.

AEC U.S. Army Environmental Command

AEDB-CC Army Environmental Database Compliance Clean-up

AHC aromatic hydrocarbons

ARLOC Army Location Number asl above seal level

ATTP Army Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures

BG Professional Association (Berufsgenossenschaft) bgs below ground surface

Bldg. Building

BImA Host Nation Federal Real Estate Agency (Bundesanstalt für Immobilienaufgaben)

C Hazen-Williams coefficient [-]

CHC Chlorinated Hydrocarbons dB Decibel

DepV German Landfill Ordinance (Deponieverordnung)

DGUV German Statutory Accident Insurance (Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung)

DIN German Institute for Standardization (Deutsches Institut für Normung)

DN inner diameter [mm] (Nennweite / innerer Durchmesser [mm])

DPW Directorate of Public Works

EBCT Empty Bed Contact Times e.g. exempli gratia (for example)

EIE end invert elevation

EMD Environmental Management Division

EMS Environmental Management System

EMSR electrical, measurement and control technology

EN European Norm

FFTP firefighting training pit

FRP fiber reinforced plastic

GAC granular activated carbon

GMBl. Joint Ministerial Gazette (Gemeinsames Ministerialblatt) hL head loss for water [m]

HN Host Nation

HQAES Headquarters Army Environmental System

H4PFOS 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluoroctyl sulfonic acid

IRA Interim Removal Action

IEX Ion Exchange (resin) km Kilometer kV Kilovolt l Liter

LAGA Federal/State Working Group Waste (Bund/Länder-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Abfall)

L length (e.g., of pipe) m Meter m² Quadratmeter m³ Cubicmeter µg Microgram

MEI Minimum Efficiency Index

MID electromagnetic flowmeter (magnetisch induktives Durchflussmessgerät) mm Millimeter n Manning’s roughness coefficient [-]

N impact strength

O&M operation and maintenance

PFAS per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

PFBA Perfluorobutanoic acid

PFBS Perfluorobutane suflonic acid

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PFDeA/PFDA Perfluorodecanoic acid

PFHpA Perfluoroheptanoic acid

PFHpS Perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid

PFHxA Perfluorohexanoic acid

PFHxS Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid

PFNoA/PFNA Perfluorononanic acid

PFOS Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid

PFOA Perfluorooctanoic acid

PFOS Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid

PFOSA Perfluorooctane sulfonamide

PFPeA Perfluoropetanoic acid

PLC programmable logic controller

PE-MD polyethylene (medium density)

PP-MD polypropylene (medium density)

PVC Polyvinylchloride

Q flow rate [m3/s, l/s, etc.]

RD Remedial Design

RDT remote data transmission rpm revolutions per minute

RRB rainwater retention basin (Regenrückhaltebecken) s Second

S Culvert slope [%]

SAFF Surface Active Foam Fractionation

SIE start invert elevation

SprengG German Explosive Act (Sprengstoffgesetz, /16/)

TMB Trimethylbencene

TOC Total Organic Carbon

TPH Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons according to H53 Standard

TPN triple pole and neutral

TRGS Technical rule for hazardous substances (Technische Regel für Gefahrstoffe)

UFC Unified Facility Criteria

U.S. United States

USA United States of America

USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District

USAG United States Army Garrison

V Volt

WHG Water Resource Act (Wasserhaushaltsgesetzt, /10/)

% per cent

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1. Introduction

1.1 Background

AECOM International, Inc. (AECOM) was contracted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District (USACE) on behalf of the U.S. Army Garrison (USAG) Ansbach, Directorate of Public Works (DPW), Environmental Management Division (EMD) to prepare a design for a treatment system for with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) impacted groundwater in the basement drainage of Building (Bldg.) 5801 (= Hangar #4).

This document presents the detailed Interim Removal Action (IRA) design for the PFAS-impacted basement drainage water. The conceptual remediation plan (/15/) was approved by the U.S. Army and the responsible Host Nation (HN) regulators.

The work was performed under contract number W912GB19D0006, Delivery Order

W912GB21F0411.

1.2 Objectives

Water samples collected from shaft 105009A (645) (refer to Figure A-1) proved to be impacted with PFAS during numerous sampling events (refer to e. g., /3/, /4/, /5/, /6/, /7/, /8/, /9/, and /15/).

During storm water sewer inspections in early 2021, a basement drainage was identified at

Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4, refer to Figure A-1). The exact outline and recharge area of the drainage system is still unknown, but it is assumed to drain and discharge groundwater from and around Hangar #4 (Bldg. 5801), which has a basement. In addition, a historic map shows an old, subsurface bunker for coal just north of the building, which is no longer accessible (and not visible). It is assumed that the drainage system was built and designed to keep the basement and potentially also the coal bunker dry.

The shaft to the basement drainage is located at the bottom of the stairs to the basement at the northeastern corner and outside of Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4, Figure A-1 and Photo 1 in

Appendix A) which is referred to “Drainage Stairs Building 5801” in this document (and in

/15/). The water in this shaft is also impacted with PFAS (/15/).

Further sewer (camera) inspections revealed that this drainage directly connects to shaft

105009A (645) at the installation boundary (refer to Section 2.3 and Figure A-1) and ultimately feeds into the surface water Katterbach creek.

The discharge of PFAS-impacted water into the Katterbach creek is not compliant with the

Water Law (Wasserhaushaltsgesetzt, WHG, /10/) and the associated discharge permit for mixed and stormwater in the northwestern Katterbach Kaserne issued by the City of Ansbach, Environmental Agency in 2018 (/1/). As part of the discharge permit, HN required regular PFAS monitoring of stormwater at shaft 105009A (645) and other locations. After review of PFAS-monitoring data compiled during the period October 2019 and March 2020 (refer to

Section 3.1 and to /4/) the HN authority determined that the applicable criteria for the single constituent perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) of 0.02 µg/l and the criteria for total PFAS

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(13 constituents) of 0.2 µg/l according to applicable Bavarian guideline /11/ are continuously and significantly exceeded.

The elevated results prompted the July 16, 2020 directive (/2/) from City of Ansbach –

Environmental Agency requiring treatment of the stormwater discharge to effectively prevent and cease the discharge of PFAS-impacted water to the surface water body Katterbach creek.

AECOM has submitted a conceptual remediation plan (/15/) for cleaning up PFAS-contaminated groundwater from the basement drainage at Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4) for review and approval. With approval of USACE and USAG Ansbach DPW EMD the concept and the design of the treatment system (/15/) were reviewed and approved by the Water Board

Ansbach (Wasserwirtschaftsamt) and the City of Ansbach – Environmental Agency (also refer to Section 4.1).

The system to treat PFAS-impacted groundwater from the basement drainage at Bldg. 5801

(Hangar #4) is referred to as Treatment System #2 (TS2)1.

A water permit for approval of TS2 was not submitted under this contract.

2. Site Description

2.1 Site Settings

Katterbach Kaserne [ARLOC GE43T] is located approximately 5 kilometers (km) east of the

City of Ansbach, federal state of Bavaria, Germany. The military installation consists of two (2) adjacent fenced areas, which are separated by the federal road B14. The area north of the

B14 is called "Bismarck Kaserne", the area south "Katterbach Army Helipad". The installation was constructed in the 1930s by the “Deutsche Wehrmacht” and has been used by the U.S.

Army since 1945. It comprises administrative, storage, maintenance, health, housing, and educational facilities, as well as a helicopter airfield.

2.2 Project Area

Bldg. 5801 is located directly at the edge of the airfield in the northwestern part of the

Katterbach Kaserne (Army Helipad) (refer to Figure A-1). The identified PFAS impact is assumed to be related to general groundwater contamination throughout the western part of the Katterbach Army Helipad; administratively, the project area is currently listed in the Army

Environmental Database Compliance Clean-up (AEDB-CC) under impacted site CCAN126.

However, ongoing hydrogeological and environmental investigations indicate that the PFAS impact at Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4) is hydraulically most likely related to the known PFAS impact at the former Fire Fighting Training Pit (FFTP) at the western end of the runway, which is referred to as CCAN104 site in the AEDB-CC database. Therefore, it was decided to not refer to the CCAN126 site anymore for this project but rather to Bldg. 5801. CCAN104 is locates south of Bldg. 5801.

1 At the site boundary north of Bldgs. 5809 and 5810, Treatment System #1 (TS1) treats PFAS-impacted groundwater from the registered site CCAN126 before it is discharged to Katterbach creek, TS1 was installed in 2016.

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Groundwater level of the first continuous aquifer is approximately 7 – 8 meters below groundwater surface (m bgs) at Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4). Groundwater flow is assumed to be directed to the north and/or northwest.

2.3 Outline of Drainage System

Shaft „Drainage Stairs Building 5801“ at the bottom of the stairs (also grid shaft in Figure A-1) outside of Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4) and the associated drainage pipe (DN150, stoneware) feed towards the north into an underground discharge pipe (DN500, concrete), that is directly connected to shaft 105009A (645) (also referred to as “Structure 5” in this design) as outlined in Figures A-1 and A-2 (also refer to Figure 1 below)

The distance of the DN500 discharge pipe from the connection point of the DN150 discharge pipe to shaft 105009A (645) is approximately 71 m. Shaft 105009A is located outside the site fence, but within the site boundary. The DN500, underground discharge pipe begins at shaft 434 (refer to "Shaft White Cover (434)" in Figure A-1 or “Structure 2” in this design

(Figure A-2)).

The drainage line from the rainwater retention basin RRB03 (DN400) discharges via an oil-water-separator (OWS) also into shaft 105009A (645) (refer to Figures A-1, A-2, and

Figure 1 below). In addition, the overflow of rainwater retention basin RRB04 and another drainage pipe (DN300 respectively DN150, Figures A-1 and A-2) also connect to shaft

105009A (645) at a shallow level (not visible on Figure 1 below). Ultimately all water collected in shaft 105009A (645) drains via outlet E4 to the surface water Katterbach creek outside and north of the installation.

Figure 1: Shaft 105009A (645)

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3. Data Review

3.1 Previous Data

As stipulated in the discharge permit (/1/) regular PFAS monitoring was requested at shaft

105009A (645). Monitoring results from between April 24, 2019 and January 20, 2022 are documented in /3/, /4/, /5/, /6/, /7/, /8/, and /9/. It should be noted that these samples taken from shaft 105009A (645) represent combined water from the confluence of the discharge line of the groundwater drainage around Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4) and the discharge line of the oil-water-separator / rainwater retention basin RRB03 (see Figure 1 above). A total of 32 samples were collected between April 2019 and January 2022 using a (stainless-steel) bailer and analyzed for PFAS (13 constituent according to Bavarian guideline /11/).

Total PFAS concentrations between 0.041 µg/l (August 5, 2020) and 8.48 µg/l

(February 17, 2020) were detected (refer to e.g., /15/). Concentrations predominantly exceeded the criteria according to Bavarian guideline /11/ of 0.2 µg/l (up to 42-times) for PFAS.

Perfluorohexansulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations between 0.025 µg/l (November 30, 2019) and 6.79 µg/l (February 17, 2020) were detected (refer to /15/). All concentrations exceeded the criteria according to Bavarian guideline /11/ of 0.02 µg/l (up to 340-times) for PFOS.

The flow rate was not measured, but estimated at 0.1 to 10 l/s. Again, this is the total flow in shaft 105009A (645). It is assumed that the variations in flow rate are primarily influenced by the variable discharge from RRB03.

3.2 Specific Sampling from Groundwater Drainage

Water samples were collected from the groundwater drainage system under this contract to further characterize the groundwater quality and for TS2 design purposes. Water samples were collected from the following sampling locations:

• Grid shaft at the bottom of the basement stairs to the utility supply room outside of Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4) => sample ID: „Drainage Stairs Bldg. 5801“ (refer to Photo 9 in Appendix A),

• Shaft 105009A (645) => sample ID: “Drainage 105009A“, and

• Shaft 434 at the southern end of the underground drainage line => sample ID: „Shaft White Cover (434)“.

Unlike described in Section 3.1 samples “Drainage 105009A” are not combined / mixed water samples but were collected exclusively from the channel prior to the confluence of the two (2) discharge flows described above, representing the drainage water and stormwater from around Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4).

Sampling locations are shown in Figure A-1. Sampling was conducted on

November 29, 2021, December 12, 2021, February 21, 2022, and March 15, 2022. The results are documented and discussed in detail in /15/ and summarized below.

Samples were collected using a stainless-steel bailer. Field parameters were measured, and discharge rates were estimated to the extent possible. All samples were analyzed for the 13

PFAS constituents according to the Bavarian guidelines /11/ and /23/. Selected water samples were also tested for the Bavarian basic parameter list according to Bavarian leaflet 3.8/1, Table 2 in Appendix 3 (/12/) and additional parameters such as total petroleum hydrocarbons

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(TPH) C10-C40 according to H53 standard, aromatic hydrocarbons (AHC including trimetylenebenzenes, TMB), chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC), and total organic carbon (TOC) to fully characterize the water quality and to identify any co-contaminants in the drainage system.

Sampling results for PFAS are summarized in Table 1, for the Bavarian basic parameter list according to /12/ are summarized in Table 2, and other parameters are summarized in

Table 3.

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Table 1: Summary of PFAS Laboratory Results from Groundwater Drainage

Sample ID Drainage Stairs Bldg. 5801 Shaft White Cover (434) Drainage 105009A

Sample Date 29.11.21 12.01.22 21.02.22 15.03.22 29.11.21 12.01.22 21.02.22 15.03.22 29.11.21 12.01.22 21.02.22 15.03.22

Parameter Unit Criterion (/11/)

PFAS

perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) µg/l - 0.026 0.034 0.020 0.023 - 0.11 - 0.22 0.034 0.035 0.037 0.050 perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) µg/l - 0.059 0.076 0.036 0.037 - 0.37 - 0.6 0.1 0.095 0.11 0.15 perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) µg/l - 0.062 0.081 0.042 0.050 - 0.27 - 0.67 0.089 0.095 0.12 0.14 perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) µg/l - 0.016 0.021 0.013 0.016 - 0.07 - 0.24 0.026 0.028 0.04 0.041 perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) µg/l - 0.023 0.028 0.019 0.025 - 0.042 - 0.071 0.03 0.078 0.085 0.06 perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) µg/l - 0.028 0.026 0.012 0.013 - 0.079 - 0.085 0.056 0.024 0.03 0.033 perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) µg/l - < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 - < 0.01 - < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 perfluorobutanesulfonic acid

(PFBS)

µg/l - 0.025 0.032 0.015 < 0.01 - 0.041 - 0.026 0.022 0.031 0.031 0.031 perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) µg/l - 0.32 0.44 0.18 0.34 - 0.39 - 0.42 0.29 0.41 0.44 0.47 perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS) µg/l - 0.016 0.018 < 0.01 0.017 - 0.025 - 0.027 0.024 0.018 0.021 0.023 perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

(PFOS)

µg/l 0.02 0.65 0.83 0.42 0.46 - 1.2 - 1.4 1.5 0.79 0.83 0.96

1H.1H.2H.2H-perfluorooctanesulphonic acid

(H4PFOS)

µg/l - < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 - 0.024 - 0.055 0.013 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 perfluorooctanesulfonamide

(PFOSA)

µg/l - < 0.01 < 0.03 < 0.04 < 0.01 - < 0.03 - < 0.03 < 0.01 < 0.1 < 0.01 < 0.01

Sum PFAS (13 constituents) µg/l 0.2 1.2 1.6 0.76 0.98 - 2.6 - 3.8 2.2 1.6 1.7 2.0

Field Parameters

Temp °C - - 13.7 14.3 13.1 - 10.9 - 10.9 - 9.3 11.1 9.7 pH mg/l - - 7.13 7.2 7.43 - 7.4 - 7.76 - 7.6 7.87 8.09

O2 mg/l - - 8.33 7.24 6.74 - 8.8 - 7.57 - 9.03 8.6 8.28

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Sample ID Drainage Stairs Bldg. 5801 Shaft White Cover (434) Drainage 105009A

Sample Date 29.11.21 12.01.22 21.02.22 15.03.22 29.11.21 12.01.22 21.02.22 15.03.22 29.11.21 12.01.22 21.02.22 15.03.22

Parameter Unit Criterion (/11/)

Electric Conductivity µS/cm - - 879 710 757 - 916 - 1.143 - 898 800 911

Discharge rate l/s - - 0.017* < 0.5* ~0.05* -no flow visible no flow visible

- - 0.5* ~0.06-0.1*

Bold: exceeds criterion according to Bavarian guideline /11/

* estimated

Building 5801 - PFAS IRA Ansbach FINAL Contract Number: W912GBD0006;

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Total PFAS concentrations (13 constituents) between 0.76 and 3.8 µg/l were detected along the groundwater drainage system (Table 2). Main constituents PFOS contribute between 36 and 68 % and PFHxS between 11 and 35 % to the total PFAS concentrations. Total PFAS and

PFOS concentrations exceed the respective criteria according to applicable Bavarian guidelines (/11/ and /23/) in all samples. In general, the PFAS concentrations detected were higher at the "Drainage 105009A" and "Shaft White Cover (434)" sampling locations than at the "Drainage Stairs Bldg. 5801" sampling location.

The electric conductivity was determined to be between 710 and 1.143 µS/cm, indicating that the water is most likely groundwater (less influenced by stormwater). With the current knowledge, it is assumed that the basement drainage system at Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4) discharges approximately 0.1 - 0.2 l/s groundwater.

The two (2) water samples “Drainage Stairs Bldg. 5801” and “Drainage 105009A” collected during the sampling on February 21, 2022 were also tested for the parameters of the Bavarian basic parameter list (/12/) to determine the general (ground)water quality for treatment system design. Analytical results are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2: Results for Bavarian Basic Parameter List from Groundwater Drainage – February 21, 2022

Parameter Unit Drainage Stairs Bldg. 5801 Drainage 105009A

Color - distinct greyish slightly greyish

Turbidity - turbid turbid

Odor - no odor no odor

Temperature °C 14.3 11.1

Electric Conductivity µS/cm 710 800 pH-value [field (laboratory)] - 7.2 (7.7) 7.87 (8.0)

Oxygen O2 mg/l 7.24 8.6

Base capacity until pH 8.2 mmol/l 0.3 0.1

Acid capacity until pH 4.3 mmol/l 5.7 5.3

Calcite dissolving capacity (calculated) mg/l -32 -41

Boron (B) mg/l 0.02 0.02

Calcium (Ca2+) mg/l 74.4 82.1

Magnesium (Mg2+) mg/l 38.3 32.2

Sodium (Na+) mg/l 12.4 33.2

Potassium (K+) mg/l 14.6 13.0

Manganese (Mn) mg/l 0.037 0.024

Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.015 0.028

Ammonia (NH4 +) mg/l < 0.06 < 0.06

Chloride (Cl-) mg/l 40 72

Sulfate (SO4 2-) mg/l 39 44

Nitrate (NO3 -) mg/l 9.4 13

Nitrite (NO2 -) mg/l 0.08 < 0.01

Orthophosphate (PO4 3-) mg/l 0.5 0.31

Silica mg/l 5.72 4.78

Silica calculated as SiO2 mg/l 12.2 10.2

Spectral absorption coefficient 1/m < 0.1 < 0.1

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Parameter Unit Drainage Stairs Bldg. 5801 Drainage 105009A

SAK (436 mm)

Spectral absorption coefficient

SAK (254 mm) 1/m 3 3.7

Permanganate demand mg KMnO4/l 6.0 4.0

Permanganate index mg O2/l 1.5 1.0

AOX mg/l 0.05 0.05

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mg/l 4.5 2.1

Three (3) water samples (“Drainage Stairs Bldg. 5801”, Shaft White Cover (434)”, and

“Drainage 105009A”) were collected on March 15, 2022 to also test for selected additional parameters and potential co-contaminants. Analytical results are summarized in Table 3.

Table 3: Laboratory Results Other Parameters n.d. non-detect (all concentrations below the method detection limits)

All concentrations of potential co-contaminants were below the detection limits. TOC concentrations between 2.0 and 2.4 mg/l were detected. This corresponds to the determined

DOC concentrations of the samples taken in February 2022 (refer to Table 2).

4. Preliminaries

4.1 Clean-up Goals

The remediation concept and the design of the treatment system dated June 1, 2022 (/15/) were reviewed by the Water Management Office („Wasserwirtschaftsamt“) Ansbach and the

Environmental Office („Umweltamt“) of the City of Ansbach and approved by e-mails by

Ms. Diezinger dated July 20, 2022 and Ms. Sommerfeld dated September 23, 2022.

The approved remediation target values for PFAS to be met by TS2 are derived from the interim Bavarian guidelines /11/ and /23/. According to this guideline, PFAS-impacted water must be treated according to the rules of technology („Regeln der Technik“) before discharged into a surface water body. In the case of groundwater remediation, this requirement is considered to be met if the PFAS treatment reaches at least 90 % (/11/). In addition, the

Parameter Unit Drainage Stairs Bldg. 5801 Shaft White Cover (434)

Drainage 105009A

Turbidity - slightly slightly slightly

Odor - no odor no odor no odor

Temperature °C 13.1 10.9 9.7

Electric Conductivity µS/cm 757 1,143 911 pH-value - 7.43 7.76 8.09

Oxygen O2 mg/l 6.74 7.57 8.28

TPH C10-C40 (H53) mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

CHC µg/l n.d. n.d. n.d.

AHC (BTEX incl. TMB) µg/l n.d. n.d. n.d.

TOC mg/l 2.0 2.4 2.1

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following discharge criteria must be met in order to prevent impairment in accordance with

§ 27 WHG (/10/):

• PFOS: 0.02 µg/l, and

• PFAS (13 constituents according to /11/ and /23/): 0.2 µg/l.

Potential co-contaminants such as CHC C10-C40 (H53), CHCs, and AHCs were not identified in the groundwater from the basement drainage between Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4) and Shaft

105009A (645) (refer to Section 2.3). Therefore, no remediation target values were established for these parameters.

4.2 Permits and Approvals

4.2.1 Permit according to Water Law

An application under water law in accordance with the Water Resources Act

(„Wassserhaushaltsgesetzt, WHG; /10/“) and the Bavarian Water Act („Bayerisches

Wassergesetz, BayWG“; /20/) for the extraction, treatment, and discharge of groundwater must be submitted for approval to the responsible environmental office (“Umweltamt”) of the city of Ansbach. This may be done informally (e. g. by e-mail) via the Host Nation Federal Real

Estate Agency (“Bundesanstalt für Immobilienaufgaben, BImA“) as the representative of the property owner.

The application for the water extraction and discharge permit must include a process and performance monitoring concept for the operation of TS2 (also refer to Section 7.1).

4.2.2 Digging Permit (Utility Clearance)

A digging permit needs to be obtained from the USAG Ansbach, DPW O&M prior to conducting any intrusive fieldwork activities (trenching, shaft excavation, etc.). Relevant actual utility maps for power, telecommunication, fuel & gas, optical fibers, water, sewer, heating, empty conduits etc. will be obtained from the Garrison, and / or relevant commercial providers for all relevant areas. Commercial providers are for example:

Commercial Provider (Utility) Contact Details

Deutsche Telekom Technik GmbH

(telecommunication)

Technik Niederlassung Süd

PTI 13 Nürnberg

Am Fernmeldeturm 2

90441 Nürnberg email: Planauskunft.Sued@telekom.de www.telekom.de

N-ERGIE Netz GmbH

(gas)

Sandreuthstraße 21

90441 Nürnberg email: Instruktionsfragen@n-ergie.netz.de www.n-ergie-netz.de

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Commercial Provider (Utility) Contact Details

Stadtwerke Ansbach

(cables, gas, water, district heat, etc.)

Rügländer Str. 1

91522 Anbach email: info@stwan.de www.stwan.de as of December 2022

4.2.3 Photo Permit

A temporary photo permission must be obtained through the USAG Ansbach DPW EMD. No military sensitive facilities or equipment may be photographed.

4.3 UXO Avoidance

Appropriate unexploded ordnance (UXO) measures need to be conducted prior to any intrusive activities (trenching, shaft excavation, etc.). UXO avoidance measures may include magnetometer, electromagnetic, or georadar measurements for shallow intrusions. Down-the-hole measurements will be deployed for deeper intrusions such as the installation of shafts.

UXO avoidance services need to be conducted by a certified expert in accordance with the

Explosives Act (Sprengstoffgesetz / SprengG; /16/).

4.4 Site Access

4.4.1 Access to the Installation

The installation is accessible via the Access Control Point (ACP) / Main Gate of the Katterbach

Kaserne. In general, access will be granted only from Monday to Friday between 0700 and

1800. On American and German holidays, work may not be possible. Regular working hours at the installation are from 0800 to 1700. Waiting time due to personal and vehicle checks or registration formalities at the main gate may be possible.

For access, at least the first and last name, date of birth, and ID number must be provided in advance. In order to obtain the access (ID card or access roster), it may also be necessary to submit a current police clearance certificate („polizeiliches Führungszeugnis“). Furthermore, it may be necessary to provide vehicle data such as type of car, license plate number, color, etc.

4.4.2 Access to the Treatment Area

The treatment system TS2 will be located within the fenced area at the RRBs 03 and 04 in the

West of the installation (refer to Section 5.3, Figures A-1 and A-2, and Photos 1 and 2 in

Appendix A). The site is accessible via the ring road.

In general, the gate of the fence is closed. Access will be granted via USAG Ansbach DPW

(O&M, Mr. Frank Otterbein (O&M), phone: 09802 83 2142 or Mr. Stephan Haas (EMD), phone:

09802 83 2225).

mailto:info@stwan.de

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4.5 Staging / Stockpiling Areas

Areas available for temporary staging and stockpiling during the construction phase will need to be coordinated and approved by USAG Ansbach Masterplanning.

Areas within the fenced site between and next to RRBs 03 and 04 are available for staging and stockpiling (refer to Figures A-1 and A-2, and Photos 1 and 2 in Appendix A). Machines, equipment, materials, vehicles, fuels, etc. that will be utilized during the construction work can be stockpiled or set up here. This may also include temporary sanitary facilities.

Since these areas are unsealed, all materials and machinery or equipment containing operating materials hazardous to water must be secured in accordance with the WHG (/10/)

(e.g., placed in a suitable secondary containment) to effectively prevent any release to the subsurface.

Prior to field work actual potential limitations need to be confirmed with DPW O&M representative (see above). Operation, access, and maintenance of the two RRBs 03 and 04 must be possible at all times for the duration of the work. The contractor may make alterations to the proposed logistical details after agreement with the DPW. Temporary staging areas at parking lots or similar accessible areas need to be secured with temporary construction fencing.

USAG AN DPW will assign a fire hydrant for (drinking) water supply. If the construction contractor requires a connection to the fire hydrant, they will provide and install a suitable, mandatory backflow prevent device. The costs for the drinking water are borne by the site.

The transport and/or supply to the work area is the responsibility of the contractor carrying out the work.

A sufficient power supply for the execution of the work cannot be guaranteed at the site.

Therefore, a sufficiently dimensioned power supply (e. g. generator) must be provided by the company carrying out the work.

4.6 Health & Safety Precautionary Measures

The work partly includes working in contaminated areas, especially when working in the area of and / or with the PFAS-impacted groundwater of the basement drainage and the associated drainage line. Accordingly, the requirements of DGUV Guideline 101-004 (/17/), TRGS 524 (/18/), and also the specifications of the US Army Corps of Engineers Manual

EM 385-1-1 (/21/) must be observed. Before the start of the construction work, a site- and project-specific Health & Safety Plan according to DGUV 101—004 (/17/), TRGS 524 (/18/), and EM 385-1-1 (/21/) must be prepared which must be supplemented by a corresponding risk assessment.

Relevant workers employed on the construction site must provide evidence of the relevant occupational medical check-ups. The start and completion of the construction work must be reported in accordance with the regulations of the employers' liability insurance association.

The personal protective equipment (PPE) of each worker and visitor on the construction site will include at least: construction helmet according to DIN EN 397 (/27/), steel-toed shoes with puncture-resistant sole, and high-visibility vest. Depending on the activity (e. g., in case of possible contact with PFAS-impacted water) and in accordance with the Health & Safety Plan, the PPE must be supplemented with appropriate disposable protective suits, gloves (e. g., for

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protection from cuts and / or chemicals), hearing protection (e. g., when the noise level is

>80 dB), safety goggles, etc.

At least one first aid kit, one fire extinguisher, and one mobile phone, a list of emergency numbers, and a copy of the “Red Plan” must be kept on site for the duration of the construction work.

If necessary, the construction site or individual construction measures are to be secured against entry by unauthorized persons and appropriate warning signs are to be affixed. If work is to take place in the road area, barriers are to be provided in accordance with the road traffic regulations or in consultation with the Military Police (MP) of the USAG AN. This may include barriers (warning beacons, pylons, etc.), warning lights (at night), temporary speed limits, etc.

Appropriate barriers and safety measures must also be provided when working near open trenches, e. g., for power, control, and water lines, or shafts.

4.7 Ambient Air Monitoring in the Working Area

Due to the known spectrum of pollutants (refer to Section 3.2), no monitoring measures of the ambient air are required.

If dust is observed during excavation work and dry weather conditions, appropriate measures

(e. g. wetting down of surfaces) must be taken to effectively prevent dust development.

4.8 Management of Waste (IDW)

All waste generated is to be collected, temporarily stored, treated, and disposed of in accordance with the USAG AN Environmental Management System (EMS). Waste generated during the work at the site will likely include residual soil, used personal protective equipment

(gloves, protective suits, etc.), and empty packaging of construction and other materials. This waste will be separated and temporarily stored in closed containers in the staging area for proper disposal or recycling at certified waste facilities.

Surplus soil material that is not to be backfilled (e. g., from the trenches) must be representatively sampled by certified field sampling personnel according to IAW German guideline PN98 and analyzed according to the German LAGA M20 (1997) waste disposal guideline (/19/), the German landfill ordinance (DepV)2, and the Bavarian PFAS guideline

(version July 2022, /23/). Disposal and reuse categories should be determined accordingly, and the soil material sent for appropriate external disposal and/or reuse.

The excavated soil material will be separated, stored on a sealed surface (e. g., on a tarp), covered during the above temporary storage.

Should (ground)water (e. g., also from the drainage) be encountered and extracted during the excavation work - in particular during the construction of the new shafts - this must be collected and treated in an appropriately dimensioned mobile treatment plant. This treated water will be discharged into the wastewater sewer or storm water sewer (via the discharge line and

2 It should be noted here that from August 1, 2023, the „Mantelverordnung“ (/22/) incl. „Ersatzbaustoffverordnung“ will be effective in Germany.

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shaft 105009A (645) to the Katterbach creek) after approval by the responsible USAG AN

DPW O&M department and the HN authority.

4.9 Civil Survey

A civil survey of the relevant project area between Bldg. 5801 (Hangar #4) was conducted by the surveyor Ingenieurbüro Heller GmbH in August 2022. The survey included all surface features such as roads, manholes, buildings, stairs, fence lines, inlets, hydrants, signs, streetlights, slopes, hedges, surface drainage lines, railings, walls, and other surface features.

In addition, surface materials (asphalt, interlocking pavement, gravel, grass, etc.) are identified and outlined to the extent possible.

Surface elevation readings are provided in “m asl”. Finally, elevation readings of relevant manholes are provided as follows:

Manhole ID

Elevation of manhole cover [m asl]

Elevation of bottom of manhole [m asl]

Depth of manhole (t = SD – SS) [m]

The civil survey is provided in Appendix B.

5. Remedial Design

Based on the available monitoring data (refer to Section 3), maximum total PFAS concentrations below 10 µg/l and maximum PFOS concentrations below 7 µg/l were detected.

Therefore, these concentrations must be considered for the design of TS2.

In a groundwater pilot trial (column test) AECOM has tested three different, commercially available adsorption media (GAC PFTSorb®, Fluoro-Sorb®, and ion exchange (IEX) resin

Purolite® PFA694E) at the nearby CCAN104 FFTP site which represents the main source of

PFAS impact in the north-western part of the installation (refer to Section 2.2).

(REDACTED ), and IEX resin (REDACTED ) require shorter EBCTs and have higher adsorbent capacities than GACs (therefore later breakthroughs). The objectives of the pilot trial were to:

• undertake an onsite trial of three different adsorbents to assess their ability to reduce

PFAS concentrations in the Site’s groundwater;

• collect sufficient data to allow an assessment of the best adsorbent(s) to be adopted for the full-scale remediation works including considerations of performance, cost, ability to reuse/reactivate the material, disposal costs, and calculation of breakthrough capacity curves and Empty Bed Contact Times (EBCT, time spent by the contaminated water in contact with a treatment medium), etc.;

• conclude which best adsorbent(s) are recommended for full-scale implementation; and

• provide sufficient information to develop a RD for the Site’s groundwater.

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The field application trial ran from 11 October to 8 December 2022 (/50/) and indicated -among other things - that:

• The (REDACTED )consistently removed significantly greater PFAS mass than the other two media for the duration of the trial. Importantly, it was also significantly more efficient in removing the two (more challenging) short chain compounds PFBA and PFPeA.

• In terms of performance and cost-effectiveness, the (REDACTED ) resin is considered to be the preferred option for full-scale treatment of the Site’s groundwater. Because it would require less changeouts of vessels per year (compared to (REDACTED ) and (REDACTED )) it would also bring other benefits including less traffic movements/ carbon emissions, less wear and tear on the vessels during changeouts and a reduced risk of safety incidents.

• Lag / polishing filters would be recommended in order to achieve the discharge criteria and optimize saturation of the adsorbent, and to ensure it is used in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

• With the regulation of air emissions from thermal treatment works likely to come under greater scrutiny (i. e., from the incineration of PFAS impacted adsorbents), the potential use of a regenerable resin at the Site should be assessed further in the future. This approach, in combination with a potential destruction technology such as the (REDACTED ), can provide a solution which requires no offsite treatment or disposal of PFAS wastes.

For more details on the groundwater pilot trial refer to /50/. AECOM proposes to also use IEX resins for the treatment of PFAS-impacted water at the CCAN126 site, in particular IEX resin (REDACTED ) manufactured by the vendor (REDACTED ). However, the calculations are based on the CCAN104 trial as outlined in /50/ which comprised a similar PFAS impact. IEX consumption is dependent on the flow rate, PFAS concentration and composition, and moreover on water chemistry (ions/other constituents). Note, that the evaluation of the media efficiency and groundwater chemistry effects are associated with uncertainties without specific field testing and at low concentration. If based on the contractor experience another media is more cost effective / economical and can achieve the required discharge criteria they can include a different design, e.g., with a different media.

Synthetic IEX resins are generally composed of a neutral, hydrophobic backbone, divinylbenzene cross links and positively charged exchange sites, which are adsorbents with ion exchange functionality. The hydrophobic carbon-fluorine tail of a typical PFAS molecule adsorbs to the resin’s hydrophobic backbone and cross links, and the negatively charged head of the PFAS molecule is attracted to the resin’s positively charged ion exchange site. This combination of adsorption and ion exchange produces a PFAS removal capacity that can be significantly higher than granular activated carbons (GACs).

Other (innovative) methods such as Surface Active Foam Fractionation (SAFF)3, Active

Cake Layer Filtration (ACLF) utilizing e. g. flat sheet membrane filtration4, reverse osmosis, or (electro-)chemical oxidation are not currently considered economical, not technically mature or sufficiently field-tested, not approvable, and/or are not technically suitable (e. g., oversized) for the relevant concentrations and discharge rates.

In principle, the water to be treated will be extracted from the drainage system via a new vertical extraction shaft (refer to Section 5.3.2.1). The extracted, impacted water will be pumped to the TS2 (refer to Section 5.3.5) via underground pipelines. After treatment in the TS2, the water will be discharged to the existing drainage pipe (DN500, concrete) via a second 3 Separation of PFAS by foaming and concentration 4 Powdered activated carbon applied in a thin layer to flat-sheet membrane filter

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shaft structure (new outlet shaft; refer to Section 5.3.4.1, from where it will be discharged to the surface water body Katterbach creek via the existing shaft 105009A (645).

5.1 General Notes

With the submission of the offer, the manufacturer of the treatment system must assume the guarantee for the process and the system technology offered. This applies, in particular to the hydraulic design of the system, compliance with specified pumping and delivery rates, the specified discharge criteria (refer to Section 4.1), operational safety, system availability, etc., as well as compliance with all legal requirements for such a treatment system, for example, with regard to their emissions and immissions (TA Luft, TA Lärm, AwSV, etc.).

In preparing this Remedial Design (RD), some in-built flexibility has been included so that the bidding remediation contractor can use their own project experience to propose the most efficient and innovative methods / technologies to achieve the project requirements. Within the given framework, the contractor has the possibility to design an optimized and adapted system for the mitigation of the expected contaminant concentrations and loads. The choice and design of the technology in detail is left to the contractor, considering all requirements specified in this document. In any case, the system technology offered must include all components required for a treatment operation in compliance with the applicable regulations.

Furthermore, the contractor / system manufacturer should prove their in-house competence for the project with reference to other similar and relevant projects.

Only new components are to be installed for the installation of the process technology, extraction and discharge pipes, shaft structures, power line, etc.; the use of used construction components is not permitted. Only CE-certified components are to be used.

Only materials that have been approved by the building, construction, and other relevant authorities, that have been determined by quality monitoring to be in compliance with standards and that do not have an adverse effect on the quality of the treated groundwater are to be used. In addition, only construction materials that can withstand the internal and external physical and chemical attacks of the groundwater, soil, and air will be used.

Materials delivered to the site will be inspected for damage and will be stored with a minimum of handling. Materials will be stored on site in enclosures or under protective coverings, e. g.

out of direct sunlight and free of dirt and debris; damaged materials (e. g., pipes) will not be used.

Specified materials and equipment will be installed by licensed contractors who are appropriately licensed for such works. Contractor's licenses will be current and be state or HN certified, or state registered.

All work will be conducted so that there is minimal interruption to the operation of the existing lines (i. e., existing drainage line). Field support and respective approval(s) will be requested from the Installation's Utilities Field Support prior to field work.

USAG Ansbach DPW EMD and the US Army will offer a site visit as part of the tender process for the refurbishment. The potential bidders / system constructors are recommended to attend this on-site meeting in order to be informed about the local conditions and, if necessary, to adapt the system concept to these conditions. Any disadvantages for the system constructor due to a lack of knowledge of the local conditions will be borne by the system constructor.

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5.2 Excavation Work

5.2.1 Utility Clearance

The utility lines shown in Figure A-3 do not claim to be complete, up-to-date, or correct; they are provided for orientation only and show the presence of different utilities (freshwater, sewer, electrical power, telecommunication, etc.) and associated manholes in this general area.

Therefore, it is mandatory to obtain a digging permit before starting the planned excavation work for trenching, shaft installation, and construction of the concrete pad (also refer to

Section 4.2.2).

For the duration of the excavation work, an…