8-TB2668-EA - Attachment C - Project Specs.pdf

Emerson Elementary School Salt Lake City School District Salt Lake City, Utah Salt Lake City, Utah

31 1000 – Site Clearing - 1

SECTION 311000

SITE CLEARING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following:

1. Removing existing vegetation as indicated on demolition plan.

2. Clearing and grubbing.

3. Stripping and stockpiling topsoil.

4. Removing above and below-grade site improvements.

5. Disconnecting, capping or sealing, abandoning site utilities in place, and removing site utilities.

6. Temporary erosion and sedimentation control measures.

B. Related Sections include the following:

1. Division 01 Section "Temporary Facilities and Controls" for temporary utilities, temporary construction and support facilities, temporary security, protection facilities, and temporary erosion and sedimentation control procedures.

2. Division 02 Section "Selective Site Demolition" for demolition of buildings, structures, and site improvements.

3. Division 31 Section "Earth Moving" for soil materials, excavating, backfilling, and site grading.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Topsoil: Natural or cultivated surface-soil layer containing organic matter and sand, silt, and clay particles; friable, pervious, and black or a darker shade of brown, gray, or red than underlying subsoil; reasonably free of subsoil, clay lumps, gravel, and other objects more than 2 inches in diameter; and free of subsoil and weeds, roots, toxic materials, or other non-soil materials.

1.4 MATERIAL OWNERSHIP

A. Except for stripped topsoil or other materials indicated to remain on Owner's property, cleared materials shall become Contractor's property and shall be removed from Project site. Stripped topsoil shall only be removed from the property upon approval from the Owner.

31 1000 – Site Clearing - 2

1.5 SUBMITTALS

A. Photographs or videotape, sufficiently detailed, of existing conditions of trees and plantings, adjoining construction, and site improvements that might be misconstrued as damage caused by site clearing.

B. Record drawings, according to Division 01 Section "Project Record Documents," identifying and accurately locating capped utilities and other subsurface structural, electrical, and mechanical conditions.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Pre-installation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with requirements in Division 01 Section "Project Management and Coordination."

1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks, and other adjacent occupied or used facilities during site-clearing operations.

1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without permission from Owner and authorities having jurisdiction.

2. Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Improvements on Adjoining Property: Authority for performing site clearing indicated on property adjoining Owner's property will be obtained by Owner before award of Contract.

1. Do not proceed with work on adjoining property until directed by Architect.

C. Salvable Improvements: Carefully remove items indicated to be salvaged and store on Owner's premises where indicated.

D. Utility Locator Service: Notify utility locator service for area where Project is located before site clearing.

E. Do not commence site clearing operations until temporary erosion and sedimentation control measures are in place.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SOIL MATERIALS

A. Satisfactory Soil Materials: Requirements for satisfactory soil materials are specified in Division 31 Section "Earth Moving."

1. Obtain approved borrow soil materials off-site when satisfactory soil materials are not available on-site.

31 1000 – Site Clearing - 3

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect and maintain benchmarks and survey control points from disturbance during construction.

B. Locate and clearly flag trees and vegetation to remain or to be relocated.

C. Protect existing site improvements to remain from damage during construction.

1. Restore damaged improvements to their original condition, as acceptable to Owner.

3.2 TEMPORARY EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL

A. Provide temporary erosion and sedimentation control measures to prevent soil erosion and discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent properties and walkways, according to requirements of authorities having jurisdiction, sediment and erosion control Drawings, a sediment and erosion control plan, specific to the site, that complies with EPA 832/R-92-005 or requirements of authorities having jurisdiction, whichever is more stringent.

B. Inspect, repair, and maintain erosion and sedimentation control measures during construction until permanent vegetation has been established.

C. Remove erosion and sedimentation controls and restore and stabilize areas disturbed during removal.

3.3 UTILITIES

A. Owner will arrange for disconnecting and sealing indicated utilities that serve existing structures before site clearing, when requested by Contractor.

1. Verify that utilities have been disconnected and capped before proceeding with site clearing.

B. Locate, identify, disconnect, and seal or cap off utilities indicated to be removed.

1. Arrange with utility companies to shut off indicated utilities.

2. Owner will arrange to shut off indicated utilities when requested by Contractor.

C. Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others unless permitted under the following conditions and then only after arranging to provide temporary utility services according to requirements indicated:

1. Notify Architect not less than two days in advance of proposed utility interruptions.

2. Do not proceed with utility interruptions without Architect's written permission.

D. Excavate for and remove underground utilities indicated to be removed.

31 1000 – Site Clearing - 4

E. Removal of underground utilities is included in Division 21, Division 22, Division 26, Division 27, and Division 28 Sections covering site utilities.

3.4 CLEARING AND GRUBBING

A. Remove obstructions such as shrubs, grass, and other vegetation to permit installation of new construction.

B. Fill depressions caused by clearing and grubbing operations with satisfactory soil material unless further excavation or earthwork is indicated.

1. Place fill material in horizontal layers not exceeding a loose depth of 8 inches and compact each layer to a density equal to adjacent original ground.

3.5 TOPSOIL STRIPPING

A. Remove top 1-2” of soil including all weeds, grass, brush and other vegetation and haul this material off-site before stripping topsoil. Actual depth of soil removal from site may vary depending on the amount of roots and plant material in the top 1-6” of soil. The base bid shall be to strip up to 3” of soil, etc. from the site and dispose of it off-site. Consult with Landscape Architect on-site prior to stripping soil so that a visual inspection can be done. Contractor shall review the topsoil report already completed with the Landscape Architect at this meeting. See appendix ‘A’ for topsoil report.

B. Strip only from 3” depth to 12” depth (the first 1-3” being disposed off of-site) of topsoil in a manner to prevent intermingling with underlying subsoil or other waste materials. This depth of topsoil stripping may need to be modified based on the results of the topsoil test noted above and also based on observations at the meeting to be held on-site as discussed above. The contractor shall calculate how much soil is needed for the lawn areas and planter areas and then only needs to strip that much soil (less the amendments).

1. Remove subsoil and non-soil materials from topsoil by screening all topsoil from trash, debris, weeds, roots, and other waste materials greater than ½ inch in any dimension.

2. Amount of topsoil that needs to be stockpiled shall be determined by the following:

a. Strip all soils under buildings, structures, hardscaped/paved areas per civil, architectural, mechanical and structural drawings.

b. Strip enough topsoil based on quantity needed to install 4” depth of amended soil in lawn areas and 12” depth of amended soil in planter areas.

c. Topsoil depths in lawn and planter areas may be deeper than noted if at no additional cost to the Owner.

C. Stockpile stripped topsoil materials away from edge of excavations without intermixing with subsoil. Grade and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust.

1. Limit height of topsoil stockpiles to 6 feet.

2. Do not stockpile topsoil within tree protection zones.

3. Minimize overworking of topsoil so that physical properties of topsoil are retained.

Topsoil should be stripped and piled in a location that will not interfere with construction.

Topsoil shall not be moved from location to location. Topsoil shall not be driven over with any equipment. Overworking of topsoil may invalidate the reuse of it for landscaping purposes. If topsoil is unusable due to overworking it, moving it, driving over it unnecessarily, etc, contractor shall at his own expense import topsoil to replace damaged

31 1000 – Site Clearing - 5 topsoil as required. Contractor shall also bear the expense of disposal of any unusable stripped topsoil. Landscape contractor shall provide a second soils test for stockpiled topsoil prior to reuse in landscaped areas. Adjustments may need to be made to amendments depending on results of topsoil test.

4. Dispose of excess topsoil as specified for waste material disposal as directed by the Owner. Owner retains all rights to stripped topsoil. Owner shall approve any removal of stripped topsoil from site however the contractor shall bear the cost to remove such soil as approved by the Owner.

5. Stockpile surplus topsoil to allow for landscaping per plans. Depths of topsoil in lawn areas can be deeper than what is specified if excess soils are available for the extra depths, however, the Civil engineer must approve this and determine that all grading and drainage requirements can still be met by having deeper topsoil depths in lawn areas.

Consult with Owner and Civil Engineer on-site prior to site work to discuss this and determine appropriate course of action to be taken.

3.6 SITE IMPROVEMENTS

A. Remove existing above-grade and below-grade improvements as indicated and as necessary to facilitate new construction. Refer to project plans for improvements to be abandoned in place.

B. Remove slabs, paving, curbs, gutters, and aggregate base as indicated.

1. Unless existing full-depth joints coincide with line of demolition, neatly saw-cut length of existing pavement to remain before removing existing pavement. Saw-cut faces vertically.

2. Paint cut ends of steel reinforcement in concrete to remain to prevent corrosion.

3.7 DISPOSAL

A. Disposal: Remove surplus soil material, unsuitable topsoil, obstructions, demolished materials, and waste materials including trash and debris, and legally dispose of them off Owner's property.

1. Separate recyclable materials produced during site clearing from other non-recyclable materials. Store or stockpile without intermixing with other materials and transport them to recycling facilities.

END OF SECTION

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 1

SECTION 31 2000

EARTH MOVING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following:

1. Preparing subgrades for slabs-on-grade, walks, pavements, lawns and grasses and exterior plants.

2. Subbase course for concrete walks and pavements.

3. Subbase and base course for asphalt paving.

4. Subsurface drainage backfill for walls and trenches.

5. Excavation and backfilling for buildings and structures.

6. Excavation and backfilling for utility trenches.

B. Related Sections include the following:

1. Division 1 Section "Temporary Facilities and Controls" for temporary controls, utilities, and support facilities.

2. Division 2 Section "Site Clearing" for temporary erosion and sedimentation control measures, site stripping, grubbing, stripping and stockpiling topsoil, and removal of above- and below-grade improvements and utilities.

3. Division 2 Section "Dewatering" for lowering and disposing of ground water during construction.

4. Division 2 Section "Excavation Support and Protection" for shoring, bracing, and sheet piling of excavations.

5. Division 2 Section "Exterior Plants" for planting bed establishment and tree and shrub pit excavation and planting.

6. Division 3 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete" for granular course if placed over vapor retarder and beneath the slab-on-grade.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Backfill: Soil material or controlled low-strength material used to fill an excavation.

1. Initial Backfill: Backfill placed beside and over pipe in a trench, including haunches to support sides of pipe.

2. Final Backfill: Backfill placed over initial backfill to fill a trench.

B. Base Course: Course placed between the subbase course and hot-mix asphalt paving.

C. Bedding Course: Course placed over the excavated subgrade in a trench before laying pipe.

D. Borrow Soil: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.

E. Drainage Course: Course supporting the slab-on-grade that also minimizes upward capillary flow of pore water.

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 2

F. Excavation: Removal of material encountered above subgrade elevations and to lines and dimensions indicated.

1. Authorized Additional Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions as directed by Architect. Authorized additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions for changes in the Work.

2. Bulk Excavation: Excavation more than 10 feet in width and more than 30 feet in length.

3. Unauthorized Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions without direction by Architect. Unauthorized excavation, as well as remedial work directed by Architect, shall be without additional compensation.

G. Fill: Soil materials used to raise existing grades.

H. Rock: Rock material in beds, ledges, unstratified masses, conglomerate deposits, and boulders of rock material 3/4 cu. yd. or more in volume that exceed a standard penetration resistance of 100 blows/2 inches when tested by an independent geotechnical testing agency, according to

ASTM D 1586.

I. Structures: Buildings, footings, foundations, retaining walls, slabs, tanks, curbs, mechanical and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made stationary features constructed above or below the ground surface.

J. Subbase Course: Course placed between the subgrade and base course for hot-mix asphalt pavement, or course placed between the subgrade and a cement concrete pavement or a cement concrete or hot-mix asphalt walk.

K. Subgrade: Surface or elevation remaining after completing excavation, or top surface of a fill or backfill immediately below subbase, drainage fill, or topsoil materials.

L. Utilities: On-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables, as well as underground services within buildings.

M. Structural fill: Is fill material that will ultimately be subjected to any kind of structural loading, such as those imposed by footings, floor slabs, pavements, etc...

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For the following:

1. Each type of plastic warning tape.

B. Material Test Reports: From a qualified testing agency indicating and interpreting test results for compliance of the following with requirements indicated:

1. Classification according to ASTM D 2487 of each on-site and borrow soil material proposed for fill and backfill.

2. Laboratory compaction curve according to ASTM D 1557 for each on-site and borrow soil material proposed for fill and backfill.

C. Preexcavation Photographs or Videotape: Show existing conditions of adjoining construction and site improvements, including finish surfaces that might be misconstrued as damage caused by earthwork operations. Submit before earthwork begins.

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 3

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Preexcavation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with requirements in Division 1 Section "Project Management and Coordination."

1.5 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others unless permitted in writing by Architect and then only after arranging to provide temporary utility services according to requirements indicated.

1. Notify Architect not less than two days in advance of proposed utility interruptions.

2. Do not proceed with utility interruptions without Architect's written permission.

3. Contact utility-locator service for area where Project is located before excavating.

B. Demolish and completely remove from site existing underground utilities indicated to be removed. Coordinate with utility companies to shut off services if lines are active.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SOIL MATERIALS

A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations. Use imported structural fill for structurally loaded areas and pavements. All earthwork shall be in accordance with the project geotechnical study.

B. Satisfactory Soils: ASTM D 2487 Soil Classification Groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, and SM, or a combination of these groups; free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter.

C. Unsatisfactory Soils: Soil Classification Groups GC, SC, CL, ML, OL, CH, MH, OH, and PT according to ASTM D 2487, or a combination of these groups.

1. Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 2 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction.

D. Imported Structural Fill and Backfill: Naturally occurring or artificially graded mixture of sands and gravels, free of organics, vegetation, sod, trash, frozen materials, clay clods or other deleterious materials such as trash, frozen clods, clay clods, etc., with 100% passing the 4” sieve, 70-100% passing the No. ¾” sieve, 40-90% passing the No. 4 sieve, 15-60% passing the No. 40 sieve, 20% MAX material passing the No. 200 Sieve. Liquid Limit is set at 30 max and Plasticity Index is set at 15 max. Structural Fill should be well-graded and generally with a maximum particle size of 4 inches. Onsite clay soils are not too used as part of structural fill.

However, the native gravel soils appear to be suitable for use as placed and compacted structural fill provided the material meets the requirements for structural fill and any existing debris and particles larger than 4 inches in diameter are removed prior to use.

E. Granular Imported Structural Fill and Backfill for Soft Areas: Soft spots to be removed and replaced with granular material for a minimum depth of 24 inches as indicated in the geotechnical report. Naturally occurring or artificially graded mixture of sands and gravels, free of organics, vegetation, sod, trash, frozen materials, clay clods or other deleterious materials such as trash, frozen clods, clay clods, etc., with material passing the No. 200 Sieve limited to 15 percent fines (based on the minus 3/4 inch fraction), well-graded and generally with a

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 4 maximum particle size of 2 inches, The fines plasticity index shall be less than 15 and liquid limit less than 35.

F. Base Course at all Site Concrete Work: Sound, crushed, or uncrushed rock or gravel and sand, well graded as follows: (refer to UDOT specs for base course.)

Sieve % by Weight Passing Sieve

1 1/2” 100

1" 90 -100

¾” 70 – 85

½” 60 – 80

3/8” 55 – 75

#4 40-65

#16 25 – 40

#200 7 – 11 (non-plastic)

Provide a 4 inch minimum of base course material beneath all site concrete work.

G. Site Grading Fill: Placed over larger areas to raise the site grade. Sandy to gravelly soils with a max particle size of 6” and a min 70% passing ¾” sieve and max 50% passing no 200 sieve.

Onsite soils can be used as part of grading fill as long as compaction requirement are met.

H. Bedding Course: Type A-1-a or A-1-b (AASHTO Classifications soils per city requirements.)

I. Drainage Course: Narrowly graded mixture of crushed stone, or crushed or uncrushed gravel;

ASTM D 448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 57; with 100 percent passing a 2-inch sieve and 0 to 5 percent passing a No. 200 sieve. Provide a minimum of 4 inch depth under all concrete building slab areas or as shown on plans.

J. Cobble Material: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of angular rock. 4” to 12” in diameter.

K. Drain Rock: For Fill in submerged area 3” Minus washed rock and pea gravel material with 0-25 passing the No 10, 0-15 passing the No 40 and 0-5 passing the No 200 Non Plastic should be used. If free draining fill is adjacent to soil containing a significant amount of sand or silt/clay, precautions should be taken to prevent the migration of fine soil into the free drain fill. This would include the use of filter fabric between the two soil types. Fabric to be approved by geotechnical engineer.

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 5

2.2 ACCESSORIES

A. Detectable Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities, a minimum of 6 inches wide and 4 mils thick, continuously inscribed with a description of the utility, with metallic core encased in a protective jacket for corrosion protection, detectable by metal detector when tape is buried up to 30 inches deep; colored as follows:

1. Red: Electric.

2. Yellow: Gas, oil, steam, and dangerous materials.

3. Orange: Telephone and other communications.

4. Blue: Water systems.

5. Green: Sewer systems.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

B. Preparation of subgrade for earthwork operations including removal of vegetation, topsoil, debris, obstructions, and deleterious materials from ground surface is specified in Division 2 Section "Site Clearing."

C. Protect and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls, which are specified in Division 2 Section "Site Clearing," during earthwork operations.

D. Provide protective insulating materials to protect subgrades and foundation soils against freezing temperatures or frost.

3.2 DEWATERING

A. Prevent surface water and ground water from entering excavations, from ponding on prepared subgrades, and from flooding Project site and surrounding area.

B. Pump ground water out of excavations and dispose of ground water in accordance with City requirements.

C. Protect subgrades from softening, undermining, washout, and damage by rain or water accumulation.

1. Reroute surface water runoff away from excavated areas. Do not allow water to accumulate in excavations. Do not use excavated trenches as temporary drainage ditches.

3.3 EXPLOSIVES

A. Explosives: The use of explosives is NOT allowed, unless specifically permitted by City Officials.

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 6

A. Unclassified Excavation: Excavate to subgrade elevations regardless of the character of surface and subsurface conditions encountered. Unclassified excavated materials may include rock, soil materials, and obstructions. No changes in the Contract Sum or the Contract Time will be authorized for rock excavation or removal of obstructions.

3.4 EXCAVATION, GENERAL

1. If excavated materials intended for fill and backfill include unsatisfactory soil materials and rock, replace with satisfactory soil materials.

3.5 EXCAVATION FOR STRUCTURES

A. Excavate to indicated elevations and dimensions within a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch. If applicable, extend excavations a sufficient distance from structures for placing and removing concrete formwork, for installing services and other construction, and for inspections. Refer to geotechnical report for the over excavation and depth of required structural fill for footing.

1. Excavations for Footings and Foundations: – Refer to geotechnical report. Review excavation and gravel thickness with the Owners geotechnical engineer prior to proceeding with other work. The bottom of footing excavations should be compacted with at least 4 passes of a non-vibratory roller prior to erection of forms or placement of structural fill to densify soils that may have been loosened during excavation and to identify soft spots. If soft areas are encountered, they should be stabilized as recommended in in geotechnical report. If soft areas are encountered at the base of any excavations, the soft areas will be excavated and additional 24 inches minimum and backfilled with structural fill for soft areas. The width of the excavations to extend one foot horizontally beyond the footing perimeter for each two feet of vertical over excavation. Review excavation with Owners geotechnical engineer prior to backfill.

Trim bottoms to required lines and grades to leave solid base to receive other work.

Structural fill used below foundations should extend laterally a minimum of 6 inches for every 12 vertical inches of structural fill placed. For example, if 18 inches of structural fill is required to bring the excavation to footing grade, the structural fill should extend laterally a minimum of 9 inches beyond the edge of the footings on both sides.

2. Excavation for Underground Basins, and Mechanical or Electrical Utility Structures:

Excavate to elevations and dimensions indicated within a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch. Do not disturb bottom of excavations intended as bearing surfaces except to compact subgrade to 90% maximum laboratory density as determined by ASTM D 1557 or the percentage as indicated on plans. All utility system structures shall have a minimum of 8" compacted bedding or base course under the bottom of the structure.

3.6 EXCAVATION FOR WALKS AND PAVEMENTS

A. Excavate surfaces under walks and pavements to indicated lines, cross sections, elevations, and subgrade. Any non-native soils that do not meet the requirements laid out in the owners geotechnical report will be completely removed below any new pavement and backfilled with imported structural fill for soft areas. Proof roll as outlined in this section prior to placement of other work. As indicated in the geotechnical report concrete flatwork and slabs can be placed on undisturbed native soils after appropriate removals and grading.

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 7

3.7 EXCAVATION FOR UTILITY TRENCHES

A. Excavate trenches to indicated gradients, lines, depths, and elevations.

1. Beyond building perimeter, excavate trenches to allow installation of top of pipe below frost line.

B. Excavate trenches to uniform widths to provide the following clearance on each side of pipe or conduit. Excavate trench walls vertically from trench bottom to 12 inches higher than top of pipe or conduit, unless otherwise indicated.

1. Clearance: 12 inches each side of pipe or conduit.

C. Trench Bottoms: Excavate trenches 4 inches deeper than bottom of pipe elevation to allow for bedding course. Hand excavate for bell of pipe.

1. Excavate trenches 12 inches deeper than elevation required in rock or other unyielding bearing material to allow for bedding course.

2. Excavate 16 inches minimum deeper than the elevation required for utilities that are to be placed at or near ground water (within 12 inches of ground water) and backfill with 12” min of drainage rock for pipe stabilization. Place drainage fabric over drainage rock prior to placement of pipe bedding material. Wrap the pipe zone material in drainage fabric if the pipe is below ground water level. Coordinate with City inspector if additional measures are required for utility support.

3.8 SUBGRADE INSPECTION

A. Notify Architect when excavations have reached required subgrade.

B. If Architect determines that unsatisfactory soil is present, continue excavation and replace with compacted backfill or fill material as directed.

C. Proof-roll subgrade below the building slabs and pavements with heavy pneumatic-tired equipment to identify soft pockets and areas of excess yielding. Do not proof-roll wet or saturated subgrades. DO not route construction traffic over subgrade.

1. Completely proof-roll subgrade in one direction, repeating proof-rolling in direction perpendicular to first direction. Limit vehicle speed to 3 mph.

2. Proof-roll with a loaded 10-wheel, tandem-axle dump truck weighing not less than 15 tons.

3. Excavate soft spots, unsatisfactory soils, and areas of excessive pumping or rutting, as determined by Architect, and replace with compacted backfill or fill as directed.

D. Authorized additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions for changes in the Work. Soft spots caused by routing construction equipment over subgrade will be repaired without additional compensation.

E. Reconstruct subgrades damaged by freezing temperatures, frost, rain, accumulated water, or construction activities, as directed by Architect, without additional compensation.

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 8

3.9 UNAUTHORIZED EXCAVATION

A. Fill unauthorized excavation under foundations or wall footings by extending bottom elevation of concrete foundation or footing to excavation bottom, without altering top elevation. Lean concrete fill, with 28-day compressive strength of 2500 psi, may be used when approved by Architect.

1. Fill unauthorized excavations under other construction or utility pipe as directed by Architect.

3.10 STORAGE OF SOIL MATERIALS

A. Stockpile borrow soil materials and excavated satisfactory soil materials without intermixing.

Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust.

1. Stockpile soil materials away from edge of excavations. Do not store within drip line of remaining trees.

3.11 BACKFILL

A. Place and compact backfill in excavations promptly, but not before completing the following:

1. Construction below finish grade including, where applicable, subdrainage, dampproofing, waterproofing, and perimeter insulation.

2. Surveying locations of underground utilities for Record Documents.

3. Testing and inspecting underground utilities.

4. Removing concrete formwork.

5. Removing trash and debris.

6. Removing temporary shoring and bracing, and sheeting.

7. Installing permanent or temporary horizontal bracing on horizontally supported walls.

B. Place backfill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

3.12 UTILITY TRENCH BACKFILL

A. Place backfill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

B. Place and compact bedding course on trench bottoms and where indicated. Shape bedding course to provide continuous support for bells, joints, and barrels of pipes and for joints, fittings, and bodies of conduits.

C. Trenches under Footings: Backfill trenches excavated under footings and within 18 inches of bottom of footings with bedding course material; fill with concrete to elevation of bottom of footings. Concrete is specified in Division 03 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete Miscellaneous Cast-in-Place Concrete."

D. Place and compact initial backfill of subbase material, free of particles larger than 1 inch in any dimension, to a height of 12 inches over the pipe or conduit.

1. Carefully compact initial backfill under pipe haunches and compact evenly up on both sides and along the full length of piping or conduit to avoid damage or displacement of piping or conduit. Coordinate backfilling with utilities testing.

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 9

E. Place and compact final backfill of satisfactory soil to final subgrade elevation.

F. Install warning tape directly above utilities, 12 inches below finished grade, except 6 inches below subgrade under pavements and slabs.

3.13 SOIL FILL

A. Plow, scarify, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so fill material will bond with existing material.

B. Place and compact fill material in layers to required elevations as follows:

1. Under grass and planted areas, use approved native soil material or imported fill.

2. Under walks and pavements, use approved native granular material or imported structural fill.

3. Under steps and ramps, use engineered fill.

4. Under building slabs or site pavement, use structural fill.

5. Under footings and foundations, use structural fill.

6. Under utility lines and utility structures, use bedding course material

7. Pipe zone (bottom of pipe to 1 foot over the top of pipe), use bedding course material

C. Place soil fill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

3.14 SOIL MOISTURE CONTROL

A. Uniformly moisten or aerate subgrade and each subsequent fill or backfill soil layer before compaction to within 2 percent of optimum moisture content.

1. Do not place backfill or fill soil material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.

2. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry otherwise satisfactory soil material that exceeds optimum moisture content by 2 percent and is too wet to compact to specified dry unit weight.

3.15 COMPACTION OF SOIL BACKFILLS AND FILLS

A. Place backfill and fill soil materials in layers not more than 8 inches in loose depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 4 inches in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers.

B. Place backfill and fill soil materials evenly on all sides of structures to required elevations, and uniformly along the full length of each structure.

C. Compact soil materials to not less than the following percentages of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 1557:

1. Under structures, building slabs, steps, walls, and pavements, compact each layer of backfill or fill soil material at 95 percent. If there is greater than 5 feet of fill below structurally loaded areas compact to 100 percent.

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 10

2. Under walkways, scarify and recompact top 6 inches below subgrade and compact each layer of backfill or fill soil material at 95 percent.

3. Under turf or unpaved areas, scarify and recompact top 6 inches below subgrade and compact each layer of backfill or fill soil material at 90 percent.

4. For utility trenches, refer to City standards for utility trenching. All fill and compaction in utility trenches both onsite and offsite must meet these requirements.

3.16 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free of irregular surface changes. Comply with compaction requirements and grade to cross sections, lines, and elevations indicated.

1. Provide a smooth transition between adjacent existing grades and new grades.

2. Cut out soft spots, fill low spots, and trim high spots to comply with required surface tolerances.

3. For the Artificial Turf Fields the grading must be Uniformly Laser graded.

B. Site Grading: Slope grades to direct water away from buildings and to prevent ponding. Finish subgrades to required elevations within the following tolerances:

1. Lawn or Unpaved Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch.

2. Walks: Plus or minus 1/2 inch (not to exceed ADA max guidelines in ADA route).

3. Pavements: Plus or minus 1/2 inch (not to exceed ADA max guidelines in ADA parking).

4. Artificial Turf: Plus or minus 1/2 inch

C. Grading inside Building Lines: Finish subgrade to a tolerance of 1/2 inch when tested with a 10-foot straightedge.

3.17 SUBBASE AND BASE COURSES

A. Place subbase and base course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

B. On prepared subgrade, place subbase and base course under pavements and walks as follows:

1. Place base course material over subbase course under hot-mix asphalt pavement.

2. Shape subbase and base course to required crown elevations and cross-slope grades.

3. Place subbase and base course that exceeds 6 inches in compacted thickness in layers of equal thickness, with no compacted layer more than 6 inches thick or less than 3 inches thick.

4. Compact subbase and base course at optimum moisture content to required grades, lines, cross sections, and thickness to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 1557.

3.18 DRAINAGE COURSE

A. Place drainage course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

B. On prepared subgrade, place and compact drainage course under cast-in-place concrete slabs-on-grade as follows:

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 11

1. Place drainage course that exceeds 6 inches in compacted thickness in layers of equal thickness, with no compacted layer more than 6 inches thick or less than 3 inches thick.

Compact over drainage piping with 4 passes of smooth drum roller as required by pipe manufacture.

2. Compact drainage course material using 4 passes of a smooth drum 5 ton vibratory roller or equivalent each layer to required thickness.

3.19 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Testing Agency: Owner will engage a qualified independent geotechnical engineering testing agency to perform field quality-control testing.

B. Allow testing agency to inspect and test subgrades and each fill or backfill layer. Proceed with subsequent earthwork only after test results for previously completed work comply with requirements.

C. Footing Subgrade: At footing subgrades, at least one test of each soil stratum will be performed to verify design bearing capacities. Subsequent verification and approval of other footing subgrades may be based on a visual comparison of subgrade with tested subgrade when approved by Architect.

D. Testing agency will test compaction of soils in place according to ASTM D 1556, ASTM D 2167, ASTM D 2922, and ASTM D 2937, as applicable. Tests will be performed at the following locations and frequencies:

1. Paved and Building Slab Areas: At subgrade and at each compacted fill and backfill layer, at least 1 test for every 2000 sq. ft. or less of paved area or building slab, but in no case fewer than 3 tests.

2. Foundation Wall Backfill: At each compacted backfill layer, at least 1 test for each 100 feet or less of wall length, but no fewer than 2 tests.

3. Trench Backfill: At each compacted initial and final backfill layer, at least 1 test for each 150 feet or less of trench length, but no fewer than 2 tests.

E. When testing agency reports that subgrades, fills, or backfills have not achieved degree of compaction specified, scarify and moisten or aerate, or remove and replace soil to depth required; recompact and retest until specified compaction is obtained.

3.20 PROTECTION

A. Protecting Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic, freezing, and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris.

B. Repair and reestablish grades to specified tolerances where completed or partially completed surfaces become eroded, rutted, settled, or where they lose compaction due to subsequent construction operations or weather conditions.

1. Scarify or remove and replace soil material to depth as directed by Architect; reshape and recompact.

C. Where settling occurs before Project correction period elapses, remove finished surfacing, backfill with additional soil material, compact, and reconstruct surfacing.

31 2000 – Earth Moving - 12

1. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of finished surfacing to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of restoration to greatest extent possible.

3.21 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS

A. Disposal: Transport surplus satisfactory soil to designated storage areas on Owner's property.

Stockpile or spread soil as directed by Architect.

1. Remove waste material, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of it off Owner's property.

32 1216 – Hot Mix Asphalt Paving - 1

SECTION 32 1216

HOT-MIX ASPHALT PAVING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following:

1. Asphalt paving.

B. Related Sections include the following:

1. Division 2 Section "Earthwork" for aggregate subbase and base courses and for aggregate pavement shoulders.

1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Hot-Mix Asphalt Paving Terminology: Refer to ASTM D 8 for definitions of terms.

B. DOT: Department of Transportation.

1.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

A. Provide hot-mix asphalt paving according to materials, workmanship, and other applicable requirements of standard specifications of state or local DOT.

1. Standard Specification: Comply with APWA specifications, Latest edition, and with local governing regulations of more stringent than herein specified.

2. Measurement and payment provisions and safety program submittals included in standard specifications do not apply to this Section.

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated. Include technical data and tested physical and performance properties.

B. Job-Mix Designs: Certification, by authorities having jurisdiction, of approval of each job mix proposed for the Work.

C. Qualification Data: For manufacturer.

D. Material Test Reports: For each paving material.

E. Material Certificates: For each paving material, signed by manufacturers.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer Qualifications: A qualified manufacturer.

32 1216 – Hot Mix Asphalt Paving - 2

1. Manufacturer shall be a paving-mix manufacturer registered with and approved by authorities having jurisdiction or the DOT of the state of Utah.

B. Testing Agency Qualifications: Qualified according to ASTM D 3666 for testing indicated, as documented according to ASTM E 548.

C. The OWNER will engage materials testing service for quality control during base and asphalt placement operations.

D. Contractor Responsibility for Testing: Advise testing agency sufficiently in advance of operations to allow for completion of quality tests, and for assignment of personnel.

Deliver samplers of proposed base materials to testing agency for analysis and approval.

Assist testing agency representative to safely have access to the site during placement operations

E. Frequency of Tests: Owner’s testing agency will be instructed to conduct field density tests of materials as follows:

Aggregate Base Course: Conduct one test for each 1000 square feet of each lift of material completed to 95% minimum of maximum dry density determined b ASTM D 1557-78.

Asphaltic Surface Course: Conduct one test for each 1000 square feet of material compacted to 96% minimum of design density as determined by ASTM D 1559-78 (Marshall Method).

F. Grade Control: Establish and maintain required lines and elevations... Lay base course within plus or minus 1/4 inch in 10 feet of required elevations.

G. Asphalt-Paving Publication: Comply with AI MS-22, "Construction of Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements," unless more stringent requirements are indicated.

H. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with requirements in Division 1 Section "Project Management and Coordination."

1.6 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Environmental Limitations: Do not apply asphalt materials if subgrade is wet or excessively damp or if the following conditions are not met:

1. Tack Coats: Minimum surface temperature of 60 deg F.

2. Asphalt Base Course: Minimum surface temperature of 40 deg F and rising at time of placement.

3. Asphalt Surface Course: Minimum surface temperature of 60 deg F at time of placement.

32 1216 – Hot Mix Asphalt Paving - 3

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 AGGREGATES

A. General: Use materials and gradations that have performed satisfactorily in previous installations.

B. Coarse Aggregate: ASTM D 692, sound; angular crushed stone, crushed gravel, or properly cured, crushed blast-furnace slag.

C. Fine Aggregate: ASTM D 1073, sharp-edged natural sand or sand prepared from stone, gravel, properly cured blast-furnace slag, or combinations thereof.

1. For hot-mix asphalt, limit natural sand to a maximum of 20 percent by weight of the total aggregate mass.

D. Mineral Filler: ASTM D 242, rock or slag dust, hydraulic cement, or other inert material.

2.2 ASPHALT MATERIALS

A. Asphalt Cement: ASTM D 3381 for viscosity-graded material, use AC-10. ASTM D 6373 for penetration-graded material, use PG 58-22 or PG58-28 per current APWA Specifications.

B. Tack Coat: ASTM D 977, emulsified asphalt or ASTM D 2397, cationic emulsified asphalt, slow setting, diluted in water, of suitable grade and consistency for application.

C. Water: Potable.

D. Undersealing Asphalt: ASTM D 3141, pumping consistency.

2.3 AUXILIARY MATERIALS

A. Herbicide: Commercial chemical for weed control, registered by the EPA. Provide in granular, liquid, or wettable powder form.

B. Pavement – Marking Paint: Latex, waterborne emulsion, lead and chromate free, ready mixed, complying with FS TT-P-1952, with drying time less than 3 minutes.

1. Color: White, Yellow, Red, and Blue (Coordinate with Owner)

2. White for parking stripes (Coordinate with Owner)

3. Yellow for safety markings. (Coordinate with Owner)

4. Reflective white for crosswalks. White and blue for international accessibility symbols.

5. Red for curb marking, where indicated by Fire Marshall.

2.4 MIXES

A. Hot-Mix Asphalt: Dense, hot-laid, hot-mix asphalt plant mixes approved by authorities having jurisdiction; designed according to procedures in AI MS-2, "Mix Design Methods for Asphalt Concrete and Other Hot-Mix Types"; and complying with the following requirements:

1. Provide mixes to comply with the APWA Standards.

32 1216 – Hot Mix Asphalt Paving - 4

2. 1/2 inch aggregate for parking areas, playgrounds and access roadways.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Verify that subgrade is dry and in suitable condition to support paving and imposed loads.

B. Proof-roll subbase using heavy, pneumatic-tired rollers to locate areas that are unstable or that require further compaction.

C. Proceed with paving only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 REPAIRS

A. Leveling Course: Install and compact leveling course consisting of hot-mix asphalt surface course to level sags and fill depressions deeper than 1 inch in existing pavements.

1. Install leveling wedges in compacted lifts not exceeding 3 inches thick.

B. Crack and Joint Filling: Remove existing joint filler material from cracks or joints to a depth of 1/4 inch.

1. Clean cracks and joints in existing hot-mix asphalt pavement.

2. Use emulsified-asphalt slurry to seal cracks and joints less than 1/4 inch wide. Fill flush with surface of existing pavement and remove excess.

3.3 SURFACE PREPARATION

A. General: Immediately before placing asphalt materials, remove loose and deleterious material from substrate surfaces. Ensure that prepared subgrade is ready to receive paving.

1. Sweep loose granular particles from surface of unbound-aggregate base course. Do not dislodge or disturb aggregate embedded in compacted surface of base course.

B. Herbicide Treatment: Apply herbicide according to manufacturer's recommended rates and written application instructions. Apply to dry, prepared subgrade or surface of compacted-aggregate base before applying paving materials.

1. Mix herbicide formulated by manufacturer for that purpose.

C. Tack Coat: Apply uniformly to surfaces of existing pavement at a rate of 0.05 to 0.15 gal. /sq.

yd.

1. Allow tack coat to cure undisturbed before applying hot-mix asphalt paving.

2. Avoid smearing or staining adjoining surfaces, appurtenances, and surroundings.

Remove spillages and clean affected surfaces.

32 1216 – Hot Mix Asphalt Paving - 5

3.4 HOT-MIX ASPHALT PLACING

A. Machine place hot-mix asphalt on prepared surface, spread uniformly, and strike off. Place asphalt mix by hand to areas inaccessible to equipment in a manner that prevents segregation of mix. Place each course to required grade, cross section, and thickness when compacted.

1. Place hot-mix asphalt base course in number of lifts and thicknesses indicated.

2. Place hot-mix asphalt surface course in single lift.

3. Spread mix at minimum temperature of 250 deg F.

4. Begin applying mix along centerline of crown for crowned sections and on high side of one-way slopes, unless otherwise indicated.

5. Regulate paver machine speed to obtain smooth, continuous surface free of pulls and tears in asphalt-paving mat.

B. Place paving in consecutive strips not less than 10 feet wide unless infill edge strips of a lesser width are required.

1. After first strip has been placed and rolled, place succeeding strips and extend rolling to overlap previous strips. Complete a section of asphalt base course before placing asphalt surface course.

C. Promptly correct surface irregularities in paving course behind paver. Use suitable hand tools to remove excess material forming high spots. Fill depressions with hot-mix asphalt to prevent segregation of mix; use suitable hand tools to smooth surface.

3.5 JOINTS

A. Construct joints to ensure a continuous bond between adjoining paving sections. Construct joints free of depressions with same texture and smoothness as other sections of hot-mix asphalt course.

1. Clean contact surfaces and apply tack coat to joints.

2. Offset longitudinal joints, in successive courses, a minimum of 6 inches.

3. Offset transverse joints, in successive courses, a minimum of 24 inches.

4. Construct transverse joints as described in AI MS-22, "Construction of Hot Mix Asphalt

Pavements."

5. Compact joints as soon as hot-mix asphalt will bear roller weight without excessive displacement.

6. Compact asphalt at joints to a density within 2 percent of specified course density.

3.6 COMPACTION

A. General: Begin compaction as soon as placed hot-mix paving will bear roller weight without excessive displacement. Compact hot-mix paving with hot, hand tampers or vibratory-plate compactors in areas inaccessible to rollers.

1. Complete compaction before mix temperature cools to 185 deg F.

B. Breakdown Rolling: Complete breakdown or initial rolling immediately after rolling joints and outside edge. Examine surface immediately after breakdown rolling for indicated crown, grade, and smoothness. Correct laydown and rolling operations to comply with requirements.

32 1216 – Hot Mix Asphalt Paving - 6

C. Intermediate Rolling: Begin intermediate rolling immediately after breakdown rolling while hot-mix asphalt is still hot enough to achieve specified density. Continue rolling until hot-mix asphalt course has been uniformly compacted to the following density:

1. Average Density: 96…