16. FAA std-019e.pdf

FAA-STD-019e, Chg. 1 February 9, 2016

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION STANDARD

LIGHTNING AND SURGE PROTECTION,

GROUNDING, BONDING AND SHIELDING

REQUIREMENTS FOR FACILITIES AND

ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

ii ε

This Page Intentionally Left Blank iii

FOREWORD

All construction of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) operational facilities and the electronic equipment installed therein shall conform to this standard. This document defines minimum requirements for all FAA facilities. When the specific needs of a facility exceed these minimum requirements, the facility shall be designed and installed to meet these specific needs.

These needs are influenced by the equipment to be installed at the site, the configuration of the structures and location of the equipment, and by the physical environment present at the location.

The requirements contained in this document reflect investigation and resolution of malfunctions and failures experienced at field locations. The requirements thus are considered the minimum necessary to harden sites sufficiently for the FAA missions – to prevent delay or loss of service, to minimize or preclude outages, and to enhance personnel safety. Further, the requirements in the document have been coordinated with industry standards, and in some cases exceed industry standards where necessary to meet the FAA missions.

In this document the use of “shall” or verbs such as “construct”, “weld”, “connect”, etc indicates a requirement necessitating mandatory compliance. In cases when implementation of certain requirements is not technically feasible, a National Airspace System (NAS) Change Proposal (NCP) must be submitted with adequate justification and technical documentation and approved by the NAS Configuration Control Board (CCB) before a deviation is permitted.

This document is organized in accordance with MIL-STD-962D.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 SCOPE

1.1 Scope

1.2 Purpose

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 Government Documents

2.2 Non-Government Documents

3 DEFINITIONS

3.1 Access Well

3.2 Air Terminal

3.3 Armored Cable

3.4 Arrester

3.5 Bond

3.6 Bond, Direct

3.7 Bond, Indirect

3.8 Bonding

3.9 Bonding Jumper

3.10 Branch Circuit

3.11 Building

3.12 Bulkhead Plate

3.13 Cabinet

3.14 Cable

3.14.1 Cable, AC (not the same as armored (DEB) cable)

3.14.2 Cable, Armored Direct Earth Burial (DEB)

3.14.3 Cable, Axial

3.14.4 Cable, Shielded

3.15 Case

3.16 Catenary Wire

3.17 Chassis

3.18 Clamp Voltage

3.19 Conductor, Bare

3.20 Conductor, Insulated

3.21 Conductor, Lightning Bonding (Secondary)

3.22 Conductor, Lightning Down

3.23 Conductor, Lightning Main

3.24 Conductor, Lightning Roof

3.25 Crowbar

3.26 Earth Electrode System (EES)

3.27 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

vi

3.28 Electronic Multipoint Ground System

3.29 Electronic Single Point Ground (SPG) System

3.30 Enclosed Ferrous Cable Tray

3.31 Equipment Areas

3.32 Equipment Grounding Conductor

3.33 Equipment

3.34 Facility Ground System

3.35 Faraday Cage

3.36 Feeder

3.37 Ferrous Conduit

3.38 Fitting, High Compression

3.39 Ground

3.40 Grounded Conductor

3.41 Grounded

3.42 Grounding Conductor

3.43 Grounding Electrode

3.44 Grounding Electrode Conductor

3.45 High frequency

3.46 Horizontal Transitions

3.47 Landline

3.48 Line Replaceable Unit

3.49 Low Frequency

3.50 Main Service Disconnect

3.51 National Electrical Code

3.52 Operational Areas

3.53 OPR

3.54 Overshoot Voltage

3.55 Pressure Connector

3.56 Rack

3.57 Reference Plane or Point, Electronic Signal (Signal Ground)

3.58 Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC)

3.59 RGS

3.60 Shield

3.61 Signal

3.62 Standard Version

3.63 Structure

3.64 Surge

3.65 Susceptibility Level

3.66 Transient

3.67 Transient Suppressor

vii

3.68 Turn-on Voltage

3.69 Zone of Protection

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Requirements Common to Both Facilities and Equipment

4.1.1 Bonding Requirements

4.1.1.1 Resistance of Bonds

4.1.1.2 Methods of Bonding

4.1.1.2.1 Exothermic Welds

4.1.1.2.2 Welded Assemblies

4.1.1.2.3 Dissimilar Metals

4.1.1.2.4 Mechanical Connections

4.1.1.3 Bonding Straps and Jumpers

4.1.1.4 Fasteners

4.1.1.5 Temporary Bonds

4.1.1.6 Inaccessible Locations

4.1.1.7 Surface Preparation

4.1.1.7.1 Area to Be Cleaned

4.1.1.7.2 Final Cleaning

4.1.1.7.3 Completion of the Bond

4.1.1.7.4 Refinishing of Bond

4.1.1.7.5 Surface Plating or Treatments

4.1.1.8 Bond Protection

4.1.1.8.1 Paint

4.1.1.8.2 Compression Bonds in Protected Areas

4.1.1.8.3 Corrosion Protection

4.1.1.9 Bonding across Shock Mounts

4.1.1.10 Enclosure Bonding

4.1.1.11 Subassemblies

4.1.1.12 Equipment

4.1.1.13 Connector Mounting

4.1.1.14 Shield Terminations

4.1.1.15 RF Gaskets

4.1.2 Shielding Requirements

4.1.2.1 Design

4.1.2.2 Facility Shielding

4.1.2.3 Conductor and Cable Shielding

4.1.2.3.1 Signal Lines and Cables

4.1.2.3.2 Termination of Individual Shields

4.1.2.3.3 Termination of Overall Shields

4.1.2.4 Electromagnetic Environment Control

4.1.2.4.1 Space Separation

4.1.2.4.2 Wire and Cable Routing

4.1.2.4.3 Gaskets

4.1.2.4.4 Filter Integration

4.1.2.4.5 Bonding and Grounding of Compartment Shields

4.1.3 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Requirements

4.1.3.1 ESD Sensitivity Classification

4.1.3.2 ESD Protection Requirements

4.1.3.3 Classification of Materials

4.1.3.3.1 General

4.1.3.3.2 Conductive Materials

4.1.3.3.3 Electrostatic Shielding Materials

4.1.3.3.4 Electromagnetic Shielding Materials

4.1.3.3.5 Static Dissipative Materials

viii

4.1.3.3.6 Antistatic Materials

4.1.3.3.7 Static-Generative Materials, Non-Conductors, and Insulators

4.1.3.4 Protection of ESD Susceptible and Sensitive Items

4.1.3.4.1 Static Protected Zone

4.1.3.4.2 ESD Special Protection Areas

4.1.3.4.3 ESD Controls Required for ESD Special Protection Areas

4.1.3.4.4 ESD Signs, Labels, Cautions, and Warnings

4.1.3.4.5 ESD Protected Workstations

4.1.3.4.6 ESD Protective Storage Areas

4.1.3.4.7 Hard and Soft Grounds

4.1.3.4.8 ESD Control Flooring and Floor Coverings

4.1.3.4.9 ESD Requirements for Raised Floors

4.1.3.4.10 ESD Protective Worksurfaces

4.1.3.4.11 Static Dissipative Coatings

4.1.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements

4.1.4.1 General

4.1.4.2 Requirements

4.1.4.3 Approval

4.2 Facility Requirements

4.2.1 Passive Transient Protection Requirements

4.2.1.1 Existing Metallic Conduit, Conductors and Cables

4.2.1.2 Electromagnetic Shielding for Lines, Conductors and Cables

4.2.1.2.1 Facility Entrance Conduit

4.2.1.2.2 Buried External Power Cables

4.2.1.2.3 Conduit Joints and Fittings

4.2.1.3 Above Ground Ferrous Conduit Penetration of Facility

4.2.1.4 Armored Direct Earth Burial (DEB) Cables

4.2.1.5 Guard Wires

4.2.1.6 Metal Bulkhead Connector Plates

4.2.1.7 Balanced Pair Lines

4.2.1.8 Fiber Optic Cable

4.2.1.9 Interior Lines, Conductors and Cables

4.2.2 Active Transient Protection Requirements

4.2.2.1 Conducted Power Line Surges

4.2.2.2 Facility Service Entrance Surge Protective Device

4.2.2.3 Surge Protective Devices for Feeder and Branch Panels

4.2.2.4 SPD General Requirements

4.2.2.4.1 SPD Operational Characteristics

4.2.2.4.2 Surge Levels

4.2.2.4.3 Slope Resistance

4.2.2.4.4 3kA Voltages V3

4.2.2.4.5 Indicator Lamps

4.2.2.4.6 Accessibility

4.2.2.5 Signal, Control, and Data Line Protection Design

4.2.2.6 SPD Requirements for Signal Data and Control Lines

4.2.2.6.1 Signal, Control, and Data Line Protection Requirements

4.2.2.7 Axial Cable Protection Design

4.2.3 Lightning Protection System Requirements

4.2.3.1 General

4.2.3.2 Lightning Protection System Materials

4.2.3.2.1 Lightning Protection System Conductors

4.2.3.2.2 Lightning Protection System Hardware

4.2.3.2.3 Guards

4.2.3.3 Lightning Protection System Bonds

4.2.3.3.1 Metallic Bodies Subject to Direct Lightning Strikes ix

4.2.3.3.2 Metallic Bodies Subject to Induced Charges

4.2.3.3.3 Exhaust Stack Grounding

4.2.3.3.4 Above Ground Fuel and Oil Storage Tanks

4.2.3.3.5 Conductive Bodies Within a Zone of Protection

4.2.3.4 Conductor Routing

4.2.3.4.1 Down Conductors on Fiberglass Mounting Poles

4.2.3.4.2 Down Conductor Terminations

4.2.3.5 Lightning Protection for Buildings and Structures

4.2.3.5.1 Air Terminals

4.2.3.5.2 ATCT Potential Equalization

4.2.3.5.3 Number of Down Conductors for Buildings

4.2.3.5.4 Metal Parts of Buildings

4.2.3.5.5 Roof Mounted Antenna Masts

4.2.3.6 Lightning Protection for Antenna Towers

4.2.3.6.1 Number of Down Conductors for Towers

4.2.3.6.2 Towers without Radomes

4.2.3.6.3 Radomes

4.2.3.6.4 Towers with Radomes

4.2.3.6.5 Antenna Protection

4.2.3.6.6 Tower Guying

4.2.3.6.7 Waveguide, Axial Cable, and Conduit Grounding

4.2.3.6.8 Staircase/Ladder Protection

4.2.3.7 Lightning Protection for Facilities without Buildings or Antennas

4.2.3.8 Lightning Protection for Fences and Gates

4.2.3.8.1 Fences Requiring an EES

4.2.3.8.2 Fences Crossed by Overhead Power Lines

4.2.4 Earth Electrode System (EES) Requirements

4.2.4.1 General

4.2.4.2 Site Survey

4.2.4.3 Design

4.2.4.3.1 Chemical Enhancements

4.2.4.3.2 Chemical Rods

4.2.4.3.3 Engineered Soil Materials

4.2.4.3.4 Coke Breeze

4.2.4.3.5 Ground Dissipation Plates

4.2.4.3.6 Installation of Earth Electrode Systems in Corrosive Soils

4.2.4.3.7 Configuration

4.2.4.3.8 Ground rods

4.2.4.3.9 Interconnections

4.2.4.3.10 Access Well

4.2.5 Main and Supplemental Ground Plates

4.2.6 General Grounding and Bonding Requirements

4.2.6.1 Secure Facilities

4.2.6.2 Electronic Signal Return Path

4.2.6.3 Interior Metal Piping Systems

4.2.6.4 Electrical Supporting Structures

4.2.6.4.1 Conduit

4.2.6.4.2 Cable Trays and Wireways

4.2.6.5 Building Structural Steel Bonding Requirements

4.2.6.6 High RF Field Bonding Requirements

4.2.7 Signal Reference Structures Requirements

4.2.7.1 Multipoint Ground Systems

4.2.7.1.1 Multipoint Ground Plates and Buses

4.2.7.1.2 Ground Conductors – Plate to Plate and Plate to Bus

4.2.7.1.3 Ground Conductors (Plate and Bus to Equipment)

4.2.7.1.4 Protection

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4.2.7.1.5 Conductor Labeling

4.2.7.2 Signal Reference Planes

4.2.7.3 Connection of MPG and SRP Systems to the Main and Supplemental Ground Plates

4.2.7.4 Connection of Electronic Enclosures to the SRS

4.2.8 Electronic Single Point Ground System Requirements

4.2.8.1 General

4.2.8.2 Ground Plates

4.2.8.3 Isolation between Single Point and SRP or MPG Systems

4.2.8.3.1 Resistance

4.2.8.4 Ground Conductors

4.2.8.4.1 Main Ground Conductor

4.2.8.4.2 Trunk and Branch Ground Conductors

4.2.8.4.3 Electronic Equipment Ground Conductors

4.2.8.5 Interconnections

4.2.8.6 Labeling

4.2.8.6.1 Conductor Identification

4.2.8.6.2 Ground Plate Labeling

4.2.8.6.3 Protection

4.2.9 DC Bus Grounding Requirements

4.2.10 National Electrical Code (NEC) Grounding Compliance

4.2.10.1 General

4.2.10.2 Grounding Electrode Conductors

4.2.10.3 Equipment Grounding Conductors

4.2.10.4 Color Coding of Conductors

4.2.10.4.1 Grounded Conductors

4.2.10.4.2 Equipment Grounding Conductors

4.2.10.4.3 Control and DC Power Cables and Conductors

4.2.10.5 Non-Current-Carrying Metal Equipment Enclosures

4.2.11 Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCT) Special Requirements

4.2.11.1 General

4.2.11.2 Main Ground Connections

4.2.11.3 Power Distribution

4.2.11.4 Bonding

4.2.11.5 Signal, Communications, Axial Cables and Control Line Protection

4.2.11.6 Signal Reference Structure

4.2.11.7 Floor Coverings for Electronic Equipment and Operational Areas

4.2.11.8 Single Point Grounding

4.3 Equipment Requirements

4.3.1 Electronic Signal Lines and Cables

4.3.1.1 Termination of Individual Shields

4.3.1.2 Termination of Overall Shields

4.3.2 Signal Control and Data Line Entrance

4.3.2.1 Equipment Transient Levels

4.3.2.2 Lines and Cables Requiring Protection

4.3.3 Power Entrance

4.3.3.1 Slope Resistance

4.3.3.2 DC Power Supply Transient Suppression

4.3.3.3 Externally Mounted Electronic Equipment

4.3.4 Electronic Equipment Grounding

4.3.4.1 Electronic Cabinets, Racks, and Cases

4.3.4.2 Isolated Grounding Receptacles

4.3.4.3 Portable Equipment (with grounding conductor)

4.3.4.4 AC Power Filters

4.3.5 Equipment Signal Grounding Requirements

4.3.5.1 Input and Output Electronic Signals

xi

4.3.5.2 Multipoint Grounding of Electronic Equipment

4.3.5.2.1 Prevention of Resonance in Bonding Straps

4.3.5.3 Single Point Grounding of Electronic Equipment

4.3.5.3.1 Single Point Input and Output Signal Requirements

4.3.5.3.2 Single Point Case Isolation Requirements

4.3.5.3.3 Single Point Power Isolation Requirements

4.3.5.4 Equipment Single Point Ground Terminals

4.3.5.4.1 Connection of Electronic Equipment to the Single Point Ground System

4.3.6 Equipment Shielding Requirements

4.3.6.1 Control of Apertures

4.3.6.2 Metal Control Shafts

4.3.6.3 Shielded Compartments

4.3.7 Circuit and Equipment ESD Design Requirements

4.3.7.1 Circuit Design and Layout

4.3.7.2 Component Protection

4.3.7.3 ESD Withstand Requirements

5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

6 NOTES

6.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations

6.2 Guidelines

6.3 Version Cross-Reference

1 SCOPE

1.1 Scope

1.2 Purpose

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 Government Documents

2.2 Non-Government Documents

3 DEFINITIONS

3.1 Access Well

3.2 Air Terminal

3.3 Armored Cable

3.4 Arrester

3.5 Bond

3.6 Bond, Direct

3.7 Bond, Indirect

3.8 Bonding

3.9 Bonding Jumper

3.10 Branch Circuit

3.11 Building

3.12 Bulkhead Plate

3.13 Cabinet

3.14 Cable

xii

3.14.1 Cable, AC (not the same as armored (DEB) cable)

3.14.2 Cable, Armored Direct Earth Burial (DEB)

3.14.3 Cable, Axial

3.14.4 Cable, Shielded

3.15 Case

3.16 Catenary Wire

3.17 Chassis

3.18 Clamp Voltage

3.19 Conductor, Bare

3.20 Conductor, Insulated

3.21 Conductor, Lightning Bonding (Secondary)

3.22 Conductor, Lightning Down

3.23 Conductor, Lightning Main

3.24 Conductor, Lightning Roof

3.25 Crowbar

3.26 Earth Electrode System (EES)

3.27 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

3.28 Electronic Multipoint Ground System

3.29 Electronic Single Point Ground (SPG) System

3.30 Enclosed Ferrous Cable Tray

3.31 Equipment Areas

3.32 Equipment Grounding Conductor

3.33 Equipment

3.34 Facility Ground System

3.35 Faraday Cage

3.36 Feeder

3.37 Ferrous Conduit

3.38 Fitting, High Compression

3.39 Ground

3.40 Grounded Conductor

3.41 Grounded

3.42 Grounding Conductor

3.43 Grounding Electrode

3.44 Grounding Electrode Conductor

3.45 High frequency

3.46 Horizontal Transitions

3.47 Jordan Dissipation Plate Design

3.48 Landline

3.49 Line Replaceable Unit

3.50 Low Frequency

3.51 Main Service Disconnect

xiii

3.52 National Electrical Code

3.53 Operational Areas

3.54 OPR

3.55 Overshoot Voltage

3.56 Pressure Connector

3.57 Rack

3.58 Reference Plane or Point, Electronic Signal (Signal Ground)

3.59 Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC)

3.60 RGS

3.61 Shield

3.62 Signal

3.63 Standard Version

3.64 Structure

3.65 Surge

3.66 Susceptibility Level

3.67 Transient

3.68 Transient Suppressor

3.69 Turn-on Voltage

3.70 Zone of Protection

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Requirements Common to Both Facilities and Equipment

4.1.1 Bonding Requirements

4.1.1.1 Resistance of Bonds

4.1.1.2 Methods of Bonding

4.1.1.2.1 Exothermic Welds

4.1.1.2.2 Welded Assemblies

4.1.1.2.3 Dissimilar Metals

4.1.1.2.4 Mechanical Connections

4.1.1.3 Bonding Straps and Jumpers

4.1.1.4 Fasteners

4.1.1.5 Temporary Bonds

4.1.1.6 Inaccessible Locations

4.1.1.7 Surface Preparation

4.1.1.7.1 Area to Be Cleaned

4.1.1.7.2 Final Cleaning

4.1.1.7.3 Completion of the Bond

4.1.1.7.4 Refinishing of Bond

4.1.1.7.5 Surface Plating or Treatments

4.1.1.8 Bond Protection

4.1.1.8.1 Paint

4.1.1.8.2 Compression Bonds in Protected Areas

4.1.1.8.3 Corrosion Protection

4.1.1.9 Bonding across Shock Mounts

4.1.1.10 Enclosure Bonding

4.1.1.11 Subassemblies

4.1.1.12 Equipment

4.1.1.13 Connector Mounting

xiv

4.1.1.14 Shield Terminations

4.1.1.15 RF Gaskets

4.1.2 Shielding Requirements

4.1.2.1 Design

4.1.2.2 Facility Shielding

4.1.2.3 Conductor and Cable Shielding

4.1.2.3.1 Signal Lines and Cables

4.1.2.3.2 Termination of Individual Shields

4.1.2.3.3 Termination of Overall Shields

4.1.2.4 Electromagnetic Environment Control

4.1.2.4.1 Space Separation

4.1.2.4.2 Wire and Cable Routing

4.1.2.4.3 Gaskets

4.1.2.4.4 Filter Integration

4.1.2.4.5 Bonding and Grounding of Compartment Shields

4.1.3 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Requirements

4.1.3.1 ESD Sensitivity Classification

4.1.3.2 ESD Protection Requirements

4.1.3.3 Classification of Materials

4.1.3.3.1 General

4.1.3.3.2 Static Conductive Materials

4.1.3.3.3 Electrostatic Shielding Materials

4.1.3.3.4 Electromagnetic Shielding Materials

4.1.3.3.5 Static Dissipative Materials

4.1.3.3.6 Antistatic Materials

4.1.3.3.7 Static-Generative Materials, Non-Conductors, and Insulators

4.1.3.4 Protection of ESD Susceptible and Sensitive Items

4.1.3.4.1 Static Protected Zone

4.1.3.4.2 ESD Special Protection Areas

4.1.3.4.3 ESD Controls Required for ESD Special Protection Areas

4.1.3.4.4 ESD Signs, Labels, Cautions, and Warnings

4.1.3.4.5 ESD Protected Workstations

4.1.3.4.6 ESD Protective Storage Areas

4.1.3.4.7 Hard and Soft Grounds

4.1.3.4.8 ESD Control Flooring and Floor Coverings

4.1.3.4.9 ESD Requirements for Raised Floors

4.1.3.4.10 ESD Protective Worksurfaces

4.1.3.4.11 Static Dissipative Coatings

4.1.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements

4.1.4.1 General

4.1.4.2 Requirements

4.1.4.3 Approval

4.2 Facility Requirements

4.2.1 Passive Transient Protection Requirements

4.2.1.1 Existing Metallic Conduit, Conductors and Cables

4.2.1.2 Electromagnetic Shielding for Lines, Conductors and Cables

4.2.1.2.1 Facility Entrance Conduit

4.2.1.2.2 Buried External Power Cables and Conductors

4.2.1.2.3 Buried Landlines

4.2.1.2.4 Conduit Joints and Fittings

4.2.1.3 Above Ground Ferrous Conduit Penetration of Facility

4.2.1.4 Armored Direct Earth Burial (DEB) Cables

4.2.1.5 Guard Wires

4.2.1.6 Metal Bulkhead Connector Plates

4.2.1.7 Balanced Pair Lines

xv

4.2.1.8 Fiber Optic Cable

4.2.1.9 Interior Lines, Conductors and Cables

4.2.2 Active Transient Protection Requirements

4.2.2.1 Conducted Power Line Surges

4.2.2.2 Facility Entrance Surge Protective Devices

4.2.2.3 Surge Protective Devices for Feeder and Branch Panels

4.2.2.4 SPD General Requirements

4.2.2.4.1 SPD Operational Characteristics

4.2.2.4.2 Surge Levels

4.2.2.4.3 Slope Resistance

4.2.2.4.4 3kA Voltages V3

4.2.2.4.5 Indicator Lamps

4.2.2.4.6 Accessibility

4.2.2.5 Signal, Control, and Data Line Protection Design

4.2.2.6 SPD Requirements for Signal Data and Control Lines

4.2.2.6.1 Signal, Control, and Data Line Protection Requirements

4.2.2.7 Axial Cable Protection Design

4.2.3 Lightning Protection System Requirements

4.2.3.1 General

4.2.3.2 Lightning Protection System Materials

4.2.3.2.1 Lightning Protection System Conductors

4.2.3.2.2 Lightning Protection System Hardware

4.2.3.2.3 Guards

4.2.3.3 Lightning Protection System Bonds

4.2.3.3.1 Metallic Bodies Subject to Direct Lightning Strikes

4.2.3.3.2 Metallic Bodies Subject to Induced Charges

4.2.3.3.3 Exhaust Stack Grounding

4.2.3.3.4 Above Ground Fuel and Oil Storage Tanks

4.2.3.4 Conductor Routing

4.2.3.4.1 Down Conductors on Fiberglass Mounting Poles

4.2.3.4.2 Down Conductor Terminations

4.2.3.5 Lightning Protection for Buildings and Structures

4.2.3.5.1 Air Terminals

4.2.3.5.2 ATCT Potential Equalization

4.2.3.5.3 Number of Down Conductors for Buildings

4.2.3.5.4 Metal Parts of Buildings

4.2.3.5.5 Roof Mounted Antenna Masts

4.2.3.6 Lightning Protection for Antenna Towers

4.2.3.6.1 Number of Down Conductors for Towers

4.2.3.6.2 Pole Type Towers

4.2.3.6.3 Towers without Radomes

4.2.3.6.4 Radomes

4.2.3.6.5 Towers with Radomes

4.2.3.6.6 Antenna Protection

4.2.3.6.7 Tower Guying

4.2.3.6.8 Waveguide, Axial Cable, and Conduit Grounding

4.2.3.6.9 Staircase/Ladder Protection

4.2.3.7 Lightning Protection for Facilities without Buildings or Antennas

4.2.3.8 Lightning Protection for Fences and Gates

4.2.3.8.1 Fences in High Risk Locations

4.2.3.8.2 Fence Grounding for High Risk Locations

4.2.3.8.3 Fences Crossed by Overhead Power Lines

4.2.4 Earth Electrode System (EES) Requirements

4.2.4.1 General

4.2.4.2 Site Survey

4.2.4.3 Design

xvi

4.2.4.3.1 Chemical Enhancements

4.2.4.3.2 Chemical Rods

4.2.4.3.3 Engineered Soil Materials

4.2.4.3.4 Coke Breeze

4.2.4.3.5 Ground Dissipation Plates

4.2.4.3.6 Installation of Earth Electrode Systems in Corrosive Soils

4.2.4.3.7 Configuration

4.2.4.3.8 Ground rods

4.2.4.3.9 Interconnections

4.2.4.3.10 Access Well

4.2.5 Main and Supplemental Ground Plates

4.2.6 General Grounding and Bonding Requirements

4.2.6.1 Secure Facilities

4.2.6.2 Electronic Signal Return Path

4.2.6.3 Interior Metal Piping Systems

4.2.6.4 Electrical Supporting Structures

4.2.6.4.1 Conduit

4.2.6.4.2 Cable Trays and Wireways

4.2.6.5 Building Structural Steel Bonding Requirements

4.2.6.6 High RF Field Bonding Requirements

4.2.7 Signal Reference Structures Requirements

4.2.7.1 Multipoint Ground Systems

4.2.7.1.1 Multipoint Ground Plates and Buses

4.2.7.1.2 Ground Conductors – Plate to Plate and Plate to Bus

4.2.7.1.3 Ground Conductors (Plate and Bus to Equipment)

4.2.7.1.4 Protection

4.2.7.1.5 Conductor Labeling

4.2.7.2 Signal Reference Planes

4.2.7.3 Connection of MPG and SRP Systems to the Main and Supplemental Ground Plates

4.2.7.4 Connection of Electronic Enclosures to the SRS

4.2.8 Electronic Single Point Ground System Requirements

4.2.8.1 General

4.2.8.2 Ground Plates

4.2.8.3 Isolation between Single Point and SRP or MPG Systems

4.2.8.3.1 Resistance

4.2.8.4 Ground Conductors

4.2.8.4.1 Main Ground Conductor

4.2.8.4.2 Trunk and Branch Ground Conductors

4.2.8.4.3 Electronic Equipment Ground Conductors

4.2.8.5 Interconnections

4.2.8.6 Labeling

4.2.8.6.1 Conductor Identification

4.2.8.6.2 Ground Plate Labeling

4.2.8.6.3 Protection

4.2.9 DC Bus Grounding Requirements

4.2.10 National Electrical Code (NEC) Grounding Compliance

4.2.10.1 General

4.2.10.2 Grounding Electrode Conductors

4.2.10.3 Equipment Grounding Conductors

4.2.10.4 Color Coding of Conductors

4.2.10.4.1 Grounded Conductors

4.2.10.4.2 Equipment Grounding Conductors

4.2.10.4.3 Control and DC Power Cables and Conductors

4.2.10.5 Non-Current-Carrying Metal Equipment Enclosures

4.2.11 Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCT) Special Requirements

4.2.11.1 General

xvii

4.2.11.2 Main Ground Connections

4.2.11.3 Power Distribution

4.2.11.4 Bonding

4.2.11.5 Signal, Communications, Axial Cables and Control Line Protection

4.2.11.6 Signal Reference Structure

4.2.11.7 Floor Coverings for Electronic Equipment and Operational Areas

4.2.11.8 Single Point Grounding

4.3 Equipment Requirements

4.3.1 Electronic Signal Lines and Cables

4.3.1.1 Termination of Individual Shields

4.3.1.2 Termination of Overall Shields

4.3.2 Signal Control and Data Line Entrance

4.3.2.1 Lines and Cables Requiring Protection

4.3.3 Power Entrance

4.3.3.1 Slope Resistance

4.3.3.2 DC Power Supply Transient Suppression

4.3.3.3 Externally Mounted Electronic Equipment

4.3.4 Electronic Equipment Grounding

4.3.4.1 Electronic Cabinets, Racks, and Cases

4.3.4.2 Isolated Grounding Receptacles

4.3.4.3 Portable Equipment (with grounding conductor)

4.3.4.4 AC Power Filters

4.3.5 Equipment Signal Grounding Requirements

4.3.5.1 Input and Output Electronic Signals

4.3.5.2 Multipoint Grounding of Electronic Equipment

4.3.5.2.1 Prevention of Resonance in Bonding Straps

4.3.5.3 Single Point Grounding of Electronic Equipment

4.3.5.3.1 Single Point Input and Output Signal Requirements

4.3.5.3.2 Single Point Case Isolation Requirements

4.3.5.3.3 Single Point Power Isolation Requirements

4.3.5.4 Equipment Single Point Ground Terminals

4.3.5.4.1 Connection of Electronic Equipment to the Single Point Ground System

4.3.6 Equipment Shielding Requirements

4.3.6.1 Control of Apertures

4.3.6.2 Metal Control Shafts

4.3.6.3 Shielded Compartments

4.3.7 Circuit and Equipment ESD Design Requirements

4.3.7.1 Circuit Design and Layout

4.3.7.2 Component Protection

4.3.7.3 ESD Withstand Requirements

5 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

6 NOTES

6.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations

6.2 Guidelines

6.3 Version Cross-Reference

xviii

List of Figures

Figure I. Order of Assembly for Bolted Connections Figure II. Bonding of Connectors to Mounting Surface Figure III. Grounding of Overall Cable Shields to Connectors and Penetrating Walls Figure IV. Grounding of Overall Cable Shield to Terminal Strip Figure V. Lightning Protection for Radomes and Radar Antenna Platforms Figure VI Common Collective Area of Increased Risk Figure VII. Fence Grounding Figure VIII. Grounding Fences Requiring an EES Figure IX. Grounding Trench Detail Figure X. Jordan Dissipation Plate Design Figure XI. Facility Grounding System Figure XII. Multipoint Ground Conductor Size Determination Figure XIII. Electronic Single Point Ground System Installation Figure XIV. Bonding of Conduit and Grounding Conductor Figure XV. Airport Traffic Control Tower Levels Figure XVI. Lines and Cables Requiring Protection Figure XVII. Single Point Electronic Ground Bus Bar Installation in Rack or Cabinet

List of Tables

Table I. Mechanical Bonds Between Dissimilar Metals Table II. Torque Requirements for Bolted Bonds Table III. Minimum Separation Distance Between Signal and Power Conductors Table IV. Surge Current Lifetime Requirements Table V. Entrance, Feeder, and Branch Panels Slope Resistance Requirements Table VI. Protection Voltages at 3kA Table VII. SPD Lifetime Conducted Landline Transient Level Requirements Table VIII. Grounding Conductor Color Codes Table IX. Size of Electronic Multipoint Ground Interconnecting Conductors Table X. Equipment Power Entrance Slope Resistance Requirements Table XI. Protection Voltages at 3kA for the Equipment Power Entrance Table XII. Electronic Equipment Power Entrance SPD Requirements xix

1 SCOPE

1.1 Scope

This document mandates standard lightning protection, transient protection, grounding, bonding and shielding configurations and procedures and control of electrostatic discharge (ESD) for new facilities, modifications and upgrades to existing facilities, new equipment installations, and new electronic equipment used in the National Airspace Systems (NAS). It provides requirements for the design, construction, modification or evaluation of facilities and equipment. (It is recommended that the OPR of this document be contacted to obtain technical guidance on the applicability of the requirements to modifications, upgrades and new equipment installations in existing facilities.)

This document is not mandatory for programs that have been funded prior to the issue date of this document, nor is it mandatory for construction contracts associated with programs funded prior to the issue of the document. Application of this document is at the discretion of the user for programs that have been funded prior to the issue of the document. The Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) can mandate the use of this document for programs started before the issue date of this document, if funding is provided.

The interface between contractor owned equipment or electronic equipment not used for operational purposes (administrative local area network (LAN), administrative telephone, etc.)

and the operational facility shall be in accordance with this document.

1.2 Purpose

The requirements of this standard provide a systematic approach to minimize electrical hazards to personnel, electromagnetic interference and damage to facilities and electronic equipment from lightning, transients, ESD, and power faults.

2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 Government Documents

Due to the continuous updating of Government documents, the Contracting Officer and/or the Implementation Engineer must specify the version current at contract award or project design.

These documents form a part of this standard and are applicable to the extent specified elsewhere in this document. If conflicts occur between these documents and the contents of this standard, the contents of this standard provide the superseding requirements.

FAA Specifications

FAA-C-1217 Electrical Work, Interior FAA-G-2100 Electronic Equipment, General Requirements NAS-SS-1000 Functional and Performance Requirements for the National

Airspace Air Traffic Control Element

FAA Orders

Order 6950.19 Practices and Procedures for Lightning Protection, Grounding, Bonding and Shielding Implementation Order 6950.20 Fundamental Considerations of Lightning Protection, Grounding, Bonding and Shielding

(Copies of these specifications, standards, orders, and other applicable FAA documents may be obtained from the Contracting Officer issuing the invitation-for-bids or request-for-proposals.

Requests should fully identify material desired, i.e. specification, standard, amendment, drawing numbers and dates. Requests should cite the invitation-for-bids, request-for-proposals, the contract involved, or other use to be made of the requested material.)

Military Documents

MIL-HDBK-232 Revision A Red/Black Engineering-Installation Guidelines MIL-HDBK-237 Electromagnetic Compatibility Management Guide for

Platforms, Systems and Equipment MIL-HDBK-253 Guidance for the Design and Test of Systems Protected Against the Effects of Electromagnetic Energy DOD/MIL-HDBK-263 Electrostatic Discharge Control Handbook DOD-STD-1686 Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of

Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices)

MIL-HDBK-419 Grounding, Bonding, and Shielding for Electronic Equipment and Facilities

MIL-PRF-87893 Performance Specification, Workstations, Electrostatic Discharge Control

MIL-W-87893 Military Specification, Workstations, Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control

MIL-STD-461 The Control of Electromagnetic Interference Emissions and Susceptibility

MIL-STD-889 Dissimilar Metals MIL-STD-1686 Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of

Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies, and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices)

NACSIM 5203 Guidelines for Facility Design and Red/Black Installation (Confidential Document)

Single copies of Military specifications, standards, and handbooks may be requested by mail or telephone from Document Automation and Production Service Customer Service, Standardization Documents Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 or via dodssp.daps.dla.mil. Not more than five items may be ordered on a single request; the Invitation for Bid or Contract Number should be cited where applicable. Only latest revisions (complete with latest amendments) are available; slash sheets must be individually requested. Request all items by document number.

2.2 Non-Government Documents

Due to the continuous updating of Non-Government documents, the Contracting Officer and/or the Implementation Engineer must specify the version current at contract award or project design unless a specific version is called out in the requirements of this standard. These documents form a part of this standard and are applicable to the extent specified herein. While this standard may exceed the requirements of the following documents, Nationally required practices shall always be performed as a minimum.

Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)

EIA Standard EIA-625

Requirements for Handling Electrostatic-Discharge-Sensitive (ESDS) Devices

Requests for copies of EIA Standards should be addressed to Electronic Industries Alliance, Corporate Engineering Department, 2500 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22201 or telephone 703 907-7500. www.eia.org

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (NEC) NFPA 77 Static Electricity NFPA 780 Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems

Requests for copies of NFPA documents should be addressed to the National Fire Protection Association, One Batterymarch Park, Quincy MA 02269. www.nfpa.org

Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL)

UL 96 Lightning Protection Components UL 96A Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection Systems UL 779 (ANSI-A148.1) Electrically Conductive Floorings UL 1449 Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors

Requests for copies of UL documents should be addressed to Global Engineering Documents, 1500 Inverness Way, East Englewood, CO 80112. Telephone 303 397-7945, 800 854-7179.

www.ul.com

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

ANSI/IEEE C62.41 Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low Voltage AC

Power Circuits ANSI/IEEE C62.45 IEEE Guide on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to Low-

Voltage AC Power Circuits ANSI/IEEE 1100 Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Sensitive

Electronic Equipment (Emerald Book)

Requests for copies of IEEE documents should be addressed to Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-9916.

www.ieee.org

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Association Documents

ESD ADV53.1 ESD Protective Workstations ANSI/ESD S4.1 Worksurfaces – Resistance Measurements ANSI/ESD S7.1 Floor Materials, Characterization of Materials ANSI/ESD S8.1 Symbols – ESD Awareness ANSI/ESD S11.11 Surface Resistance Measurement of Static Dissipative Planar

Materials ANSI/ESD S20.20 Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for

Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equipment

ANSI/ESD STM5.1 Sensitivity Testing, Human Body Model (HBM), Component Level

ANSI/ESD STM12.1 Seating - Resistive Measurement ESD TR20.20 Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for

Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equipment – Handbook

Requests for copies of ESD Association documents should be addressed to the ESD Association, 7900 Turin Road, Bldg 3, Suite 2, Rome, NY 13440-2069. Telephone 315 339-6937.

www.esda.org

3 DEFINITIONS

3.1 Access Well

A covered opening in the earth using concrete, clay pipe or other wall material to provide access to an EES connection.

3.2 Air Terminal

That component of a lightning protection system specifically designed to accept lightning strikes.

3.3 Armored Cable

Power, signal, control or data cable having an overall armor or covering constructed of ferrous (steel) material that provides both structural protection and electromagnetic shielding for direct buried cables.

3.4 Arrester

Component