45KW AC PVWatts Calculator.pdf
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- Solicitation number
- RFP-785-2100000267-1
- Issued by
- Elliott County, Kentucky
About this file
This is a photovoltaic system performance analysis document from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) prepared for the Richmond Armory Solar Lighting Upgrade project in Richmond, Kentucky. The analysis evaluates a 45-kilowatt AC photovoltaic system designed for the facility, with specifications including a 52.65 kW DC system size using standard modules in a fixed roof-mount configuration at a 5-degree tilt and 150-degree azimuth orientation. The system is projected to generate 63,251 kilowatt-hours annually, with a capacity factor of 13.7 percent. Monthly energy output ranges from 2,484 kWh in December to 7,505 kWh in June, with corresponding monthly values ranging from $201 to $607 based on an average retail electricity rate of $0.081 per kilowatt-hour. System losses are estimated at 14.08 percent with inverter efficiency at 96 percent and a DC to AC size ratio of 1.2. The weather data source is based on 30 years of historical data from a station 1.3 miles from the requested location at coordinates 37.73 latitude and -84.3 longitude.
The analysis indicates that system output may range from 59,816 to 65,920 kilowatt-hours per year near the Richmond, Kentucky location, providing an estimate of possible interannual variability in generation. The annual projected value of electricity generated is $5,118. This performance prediction is provided by NREL with standard disclaimers regarding inherent assumptions and uncertainties in the modeling, noting that the PVWatts calculator does not differentiate between PV technologies or reflect all site-specific characteristics, and recommending the System Advisor Model for more sophisticated and complex PV system modeling.
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Caution: Photovoltaic system performance predictions calculated by PVWatts® include many inherent assumptions and uncertainties and do not reflect variations between PV technologies nor site-specific characteristics except as represented by PVWatts® inputs. For example, PV modules with better performance are not differentiated within PVWatts® from lesser performing modules. Both NREL and private companies provide more sophisticated PV modeling tools (such as the System Advisor Model at https://sam.nrel.gov) that allow for more precise and complex modeling of PV systems.
The expected range is based on 30 years of actual weather data at the given location and is intended to provide an indication of the variation you might see. For more information, please refer to this NREL report:
The Error Report.
Disclaimer: The PVWatts® Model ("Model") is provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory ("NREL"), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC ("Alliance") for the U.S.
Department Of Energy ("DOE") and may be used for any purpose whatsoever.
The names DOE/NREL/ALLIANCE shall not be used in any representation, advertising, publicity or other manner whatsoever to endorse or promote any entity that adopts or uses the Model. DOE/NREL/ALLIANCE shall not provide any support, consulting, training or assistance of any kind with regard to the use of the Model or any updates, revisions or new versions of the Model.
YOU AGREE TO INDEMNIFY
DOE/NREL/ALLIANCE, AND ITS AFFILIATES,
OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES
AGAINST ANY CLAIM OR DEMAND,
INCLUDING REASONABLE ATTORNEYS'
FEES, RELATED TO YOUR USE, RELIANCE,
OR ADOPTION OF THE MODEL FOR ANY
PURPOSE WHATSOEVER. THE MODEL IS
PROVIDED BY DOE/NREL/ALLIANCE "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
DOE/NREL/ALLIANCE BE LIABLE FOR ANY
SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO CLAIMS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE LOSS OF DATA OR
PROFITS, WHICH MAY RESULT FROM ANY
ACTION IN CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHER TORTIOUS CLAIM THAT ARISES OUT
OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
PERFORMANCE OF THE MODEL.
The energy output range is based on analysis of 30 years of historical weather data for nearby , and is intended to provide an indication of the possible interannual variability in generation for a Fixed (open rack) PV system at this location.
63,251 kWh/Year*RESULTS
System output may range from 59,816 to 65,920 kWh per year near this location.
Month Solar Radiation ( kWh / m2 / day )
AC Energy ( kWh )
Value
January 2.28 3,057 247
February 3.00 3,577 289
March 4.03 5,154 417
April 5.38 6,335 513
May 6.07 7,155 579
June 6.71 7,505 607
July 6.32 7,225 585
August 6.05 6,917 560
September 5.13 5,735 464
October 3.80 4,613 373
November 2.83 3,494 283
December 1.90 2,484 201
Annual 4.46 63,251 $ 5,118
Location and Station Identification
Requested Location Richmond, Ky
Weather Data Source Lat, Lon: 37.73, -84.3 1.3 mi
Latitude 37.73° N
Longitude 84.3° W
PV System Specifications (Commercial)
DC System Size 52.65 kW
Module Type Standard
Array Type Fixed (roof mount)
Array Tilt 5°
Array Azimuth 150°
System Losses 14.08%
Inverter Efficiency 96%
DC to AC Size Ratio 1.2
Economics
Average Retail Electricity Rate 0.081 $/kWh
Performance Metrics
Capacity Factor 13.7%
File details come from the government source that posted it. Updated .