4.7 APPENDIX G, DEN Concessions Footfall Study Results July 2025.pdf
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About this file
This document is a preliminary draft report titled "2030/2035 Great Hall Concessions Footfall Analysis – Results" prepared by InterVistas for Denver International Airport (DEN). The analysis provides a comprehensive simulation of passenger and meeter/greeter movement and accumulation across Levels 5 and 6 of the airport's Great Hall, projecting passenger flows and spatial usage for the years 2030 and 2035. The study utilized a Computer-Aided Simulation Technique (CAST) model to analyze passenger behaviors, checkpoint capacities, and circulation patterns, with a focus on understanding peak passenger movements, accumulation areas, and potential congestion points.
The analysis reveals projected increases in annual passenger traffic from 95.6 million in 2030 to 107.3 million in 2035, with corresponding increases in daily originating and terminating passengers. Key findings include peak 15-minute passenger flows reaching up to 1,715 passengers on Level 5 and maximum accumulations of 2,425 passengers in the Mod 2/3 areas. The study incorporated detailed assumptions about passenger arrival distributions, checkpoint lane capacities, and meeter/greeter behaviors, noting that the model may underreport actual foot traffic due to its assumption of highly efficient passenger movement. The research provides critical insights for airport planning, design, and infrastructure optimization to manage growing passenger volumes.
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PRELIMIARY DRAFT
2030/2035 Great Hall Concessions Footfall Analysis – Results
Denver International Airport
July 1, 2025
Outline
1. Modeling Assumptions Demand Input assumptions Passenger behavior
2. Results Summarized results Detailed results by analysis area
• Corridors
• Accumulation areas
Modeling Assumptions
Passenger Demand Assumptions
Overall + Analyze potential footfall of passengers around targeted locations on L5 and L6
+ Developed derivative flight schedules from FAA approved forecast
+ Flight schedules represent a design day in July 2030 and 2035
-10,000
-8,000
-6,000
-4,000
-2,000
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Ar riv in g
Pa ss en ge rs
De pa rt in g
2030 Rolling Hour O&D Passengers
-10,000
-8,000
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2035 Rolling Hour O&D Passengers
Demand Characteristics 2030 2035
Annual Passengers (million) 95.6 107.3
Daily Originating Passengers 95,400 105,600
Daily Terminating Passengers 94,400 104,600
Peak Hour Originating Passengers 7,900 9,900
Peak Hour Terminating Passengers 8,800 8,900
Modeling Assumptions – L5 Floor Plan
9X, KG
LF, SY
Linear analysis area Accumulation area
9X = Southern Airways Express KG = Denver Air Connection LF = Contour SY = Sun Country
Modeling Assumptions – L6 Floor Plan
UA UA
WNF9,WN
AA,AS,BA,B6,Y4
AC,DL,LH,NK,CU
Linear analysis area Accumulation area
AA = American AC = Air Canada AS = Alaska BA = British Airways B6 = JetBlue CU = other common use airlines DL = Delta F9 = Frontier LH = Lufthansa Group NK = Spirit UA = United WN = Southwest Y4 = Volaris
Earliness Arrival Distributions for Passengers
Time before Departure (minutes)
United Airlines (UA) Other Airlines Domestic International Domestic International
Before 9:00
After 9:00
Before 9:00
After 9:00
Before 9:00
After 9:00
Before 9:00
After 9:00
<30 1% 2% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 30-40 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 2% 0% 40-50 2% 3% 1% 1% 9% 0% 4% 0% 50-60 4% 4% 1% 1% 9% 2% 4% 0% 60-70 7% 5% 3% 3% 16% 5% 7% 2% 70-80 10% 5% 4% 3% 16% 11% 7% 3% 80-90 12% 7% 9% 4% 16% 10% 7% 4%
90-100 13% 7% 10% 6% 8% 9% 15% 8% 100-110 12% 8% 15% 8% 8% 9% 15% 10% 110-120 11% 8% 12% 8% 8% 9% 14% 12% 120-130 9% 8% 9% 8% 3% 9% 5% 14% 130-140 6% 7% 8% 7% 3% 8% 5% 11% 140-150 4% 6% 7% 8% 3% 8% 5% 11% 150-160 2% 5% 6% 7% 0% 7% 3% 8% 160-170 2% 4% 4% 6% 0% 6% 3% 5% 170-180 1% 3% 4% 5% 0% 4% 3% 4% 180-190 1% 3% 2% 4% 0% 2% 1% 3% 190-200 1% 2% 1% 4% 0% 1% 0% 2% 200-210 1% 2% 1% 3% 0% 0% 0% 2%
>210 0% 10% 3% 12% 0% 0% 0% 1%
Employees/Staff + Used average hourly portal badge scans from the last 90 days as a proxy for flight crews and other employees who access the concourses
+ Average of 155 scans per hour, peak hour is 6 AM with 410 scans
+ Scans per hour distributed evenly across hour for modeling purposes
Passenger Splits (Landside Modal) + Passenger splits, as noted in the table, indicate which terminal level the passenger uses to enter the Great Hall
+ Passengers are distributed across the different doors/vertical circulation cores on each level
+ All curbside check-in passengers routed to L6
+ Adjustments made to reflect TNC pick-up and drop-off on L5
Check-In + Transaction rates and counter locations/counts as previously simulated
+ Airline locations may require adjustments to balance performance
Check-In Type Share
Counter 8%
Kiosks – No Bags 10%
Kiosks – Bags 30%
Online – No Bags 34%
Online – Bags 10%
Curbside (L6 only) 8%
Landside Split Share
L6 (PV drop-off) 30%
L5 (TNC, RAC, GT) 25%
Garage 35%
Transit (RTD/L1) 10%
Security Screening Checkpoint + Checkpoint lane count and capacity as noted in table, following Great Hall completion in 2027
+ 60% Standard / 40% PreCheck
+ Checkpoint load balancing occurs as needed to distribute passengers to each checkpoint
Lane Type (PPH) L6 East/West L5 South L5 North
Total Lanes 34 4 8
Est. Capacity 7,280 960 1,600
9,840 PPH
Concourse First Bag (Min)
A 19
B 18
C 22
First Bag Delivery Times Allocation Rules
Bag Claim + Inventory as provided by DEN planning staff, 18 domestic claim units and 3 international claim units
+ Allocation rules and first bag delivery times as provided by DEN planning staff
Checkpoint Capacities
Meeters/Greeters & Well-wishers + Previously modeled at 0.35 per pax based on 2019 data
+ Well-wishers remain with passengers until just outside the security checkpoint queue
+ Meeters/greeters can arrive 10 to 60 minutes prior to scheduled flight arrival time with arrivals distributed evenly across the 50-minute window
+ Meeters/greeters instructed to wait in Mod 3 in case of early arrival before passenger before moving into Mod 2 at the top of the escalators from the AGTS platform
+ Meeter/greeter accompanies passenger to baggage claim, if applicable, before exiting the Great Hall with them
Meeter/Greeter Model Behavior
Arrived >10 min before passenger arrival time?
Wait in L5 Mod 3 until closer to arrival time
Wait for passenger in L5 Mod 2 central area
Passenger Arrival and Link-up
Bag Pick-up/Exit
Move to Mod 2 5 min before passenger arrival
Modeling Behavior
Passenger Behavior + CAST model passengers are very savvy travelers, they know where they want to go and where they need to be before they enter the terminal (e.g., a CAST departing passenger already knows the location of the airline ticket counter, the security checkpoint, and the departure gate as well as how to get to each of these processes)
+ Passengers have pre-set objectives; they do not get distracted or change their minds about what they want to do
+ Passengers take the shortest possible route to their next facility/task
+ Passengers are not programmed with any abnormal behaviors that may create irregular ops situations
What this means for modeling results… + The footfall results from CAST may underreport since passengers, meeters/greeters, and well-wishers do not wander, take circuitous routes, or get lost
Results
Summary Results – 2035 Level 5 Maximum 15-Minute Flows & Accumulations
1,715
1,438 1,258
Linear analysis area Accumulation area
Summary Results – 2035 Level 6 Maximum 15-Minute Flows & Accumulations
Linear analysis area Accumulation area
59 19
+ Passengers walking behind Mod 3 counters are potentially cutting behind to access to the standard checkpoint entrance in Mod 1 (all passengers are departing)
+ Minimal passenger flow across the bridge on L6 is primarily due to checkpoint balancing since the model generally assumes that passengers arrive to the correct side of the terminal
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-M in ut e Fl ow
2030 2035
L5 – Mod 3 to/from Mod 2
Peak Flow: 1,715 Pax/15 Min
2030 2035
Peak 15-minute pax 1,625 1,715
Time of day 10:15 10:15
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-M in ut e Fl ow
2030 2035
L5 – Southwest Corner Mod 3
Peak Flow: 59 Pax/15 Min
2030 2035
Peak 15-minute pax 53 59
Time of day 15:45 13:45
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-M in ut e Fl ow
2030 2035
L5 – Southeast Corner Mod 3
Peak Flow: 252Pax/15 Min
2030 2035
Peak 15-minute pax 248 252
Time of day 10:15 14:15
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-M in ut e Fl ow
2030 2035
L5 – West Between Mods 2 & 3
Peak Flow: 803 Pax/15 Min
2030 2035
Peak 15-minute pax 803 754
Time of day 18:00 16:30
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2030 2035
L5 – East Between Mods 2 & 3
Peak Flow: 739 Pax/15 Min
2030 2035
Peak 15-minute pax 687 739
Time of day 10:00 10:00
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2030 2035
L5 – Mod 1 East Side Corridor
Peak Flow: 296 Pax/15 Min
2030 2035
Peak 15-minute pax 281 296
Time of day 17:30 17:30
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2030 2035
L5 – East Between Mods 1 & 2
Peak Flow: 911 Pax/15 Min
2030 2035
Peak 15-minute pax 748 911
Time of day 10:15 10:30
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2030 2035
L6 – Corridor Behind Mod 3 East
Peak Flow: 79 Pax/15 Min
2030 2035
Peak 15-minute pax 79 67
Time of day 14:00 13:15
+ Passengers walking behind Mod 3 are potentially cutting behind to access to the standard checkpoint entrance in Mod 1 (all passengers are departing)
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-M in ut e Fl ow
2030 2035
L6 – Mod 2/3 Corridor East
Peak Flow: 43 Pax/15 Min
2030 2035
Peak 15-minute pax 31 43
Time of day 9:00/15:15 14:15
+ Minimal passenger flow across the bridge on L6 is primarily due to checkpoint balancing since the model generally assumes that passengers arrive to the correct side of the terminal
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-M in ut e Fl ow
2030 2035
L6 – Corridor Behind Mod 3 West Peak Flow: 43 Pax/15 Min
2030 2035
Peak 15-minute pax 31 43
Time of day 15:15 14:15
+ Passengers walking behind Mod 3 are potentially cutting behind to access to the standard checkpoint entrance in Mod 1 (all passengers are departing)
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-M in ut e Fl ow
2030 2035
L6 – Mod 2/3 Corridor West Peak Flow: 59 Pax/15 Min
2030 2035
Peak 15-minute pax 79 67
Time of day 14:00 13:15
+ Minimal passenger flow across the bridge on L6 is primarily due to checkpoint balancing since the model generally assumes that passengers arrive to the correct side of the terminal
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-M in ut e Ac cu m ul at io n
2030 2035
L5 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters Peak Accumulation: 2,425 Pax/15 Min
Data shows 15-minute accumulation of passengers and meeters/greeters in Mod 2 and Mod 3 areas on L5 combined
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Passenger Meeter/Fareweller
2030 L5 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters
Data shows 15-minute accumulation of passengers and meeters/greeters in Mod 2 and Mod 3 areas on L5 combined
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-M in ut e Ac cu m ul at io n
Passenger Meeter/Fareweller
2035 L5 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters
Data shows 15-minute accumulation of passengers and meeters/greeters in Mod 2 and Mod 3 areas on L5 combined
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-M in ut e Ac cu m ul at io n
2030 2035
L6 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters
Peak Accumulation: 38 Pax/15 Min
Data shows 15-minute accumulation of passengers and meeters/greeters in the circulation areas around L6 south side concessions
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Passenger Fareweller
2030 L6 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters
Data shows 15-minute accumulation of passengers and meeters/greeters in the circulation areas around L6 south side concessions
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-M in ut e Ac cu m ul at io n
Passenger Fareweller
2035 L6 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters
Data shows 15-minute accumulation of passengers and meeters/greeters in the circulation areas around L6 south side concessions
| Slide Number 1 |
| Outline |
| Slide Number 3 |
| Passenger Demand Assumptions |
| Modeling Assumptions – L5 Floor Plan |
| Modeling Assumptions – L6 Floor Plan |
| Modeling Assumptions |
| Modeling Assumptions |
| Modeling Assumptions |
| Modeling Assumptions |
| Modeling Behavior |
| Slide Number 12 |
| Summary Results – 2035 Level 5�Maximum 15-Minute Flows & Accumulations |
| Summary Results – 2035 Level 6�Maximum 15-Minute Flows & Accumulations |
| L5 – Mod 3 to/from Mod 2 |
| L5 – Southwest Corner Mod 3 |
| L5 – Southeast Corner Mod 3 |
| L5 – West Between Mods 2 & 3 |
| L5 – East Between Mods 2 & 3 |
| L5 – Mod 1 East Side Corridor |
| L5 – East Between Mods 1 & 2 |
| L6 – Corridor Behind Mod 3 East |
| L6 – Mod 2/3 Corridor East |
| L6 – Corridor Behind Mod 3 West |
| L6 – Mod 2/3 Corridor West |
| L5 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters |
| 2030 L5 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters |
| 2035 L5 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters |
| L6 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters |
| 2030 L6 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters |
| 2035 L6 Mod 2/3 Accumulation – Passengers + Meeters/Greeters |
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