312000_EarthMoving.pdf

WESTERN NEW YORK NATIONAL CEMETERY PROJECT NO. 936PC2002

PHASE 1B DEVELOPMENT 02-08-21

BID DOCUMENTS

EARTH MOVING

31 20 00 - 1

SECTION 31 20 00

EARTH MOVING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

A. This section specifies the requirements for furnishing all equipment, materials, labor, tools, and techniques for earthwork including, but not limited to, the following:

1. Site preparation.

2. Excavation.

4. Filling and backfilling.

5. Grading.

6. Soil Disposal.

7. Clean Up.

B. This project involves a large quantity of compacted fill material to be placed over the entire site to establish the project’s various subgrade elevation requirements. Special attention to this Section and the Drawings is required to ensure that the proper site preparations, fabrics, and fill materials are used, placed, and compacted at their appropriate locations and subgrade elevations.

1. Proposed structures, including Lawn Crypts and Columbarium, Committal Shelter, as well as roadways and utilities. Grading plans call for fill to be placed across the site area to raise site elevations approximately 6 feet to 12 feet.

2. Special attention to this Section and the Drawings, as well as the Appendix "A"

Geotechnical Report, is required to ensure that the proper site preparations, fabrics, and fill materials are used, placed and compacted at their appropriate locations and subgrade elevations.

C. During excavations in previous phases of construction, bedrock was encountered in several areas approximately 2 to 4 feet below existing ground. The rock was able to be removed by mechanical means. Special attention to Appendix "A" Geotechnical Report is required to predict the location and quantity of bedrock to be removed. Contractor shall assume rock removal in bid based on the Geotechnical Report.

D. During excavations in previous phases of construction, large boulders were encountered. The boulders are to be removed and disposed of off Cemetery Property at no additional cost to the Government.

E. Following completion of earthwork operations and final turf establishment in previous phases of construction, water was observed to be ponding on the surface in the burial sections. A

“test area” will be required for this phase of the work to demonstrate the placed fill material, topsoil and sod are performing as intended. See paragraph 3.3-C-3 below for a description of the “test area” requirements.

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1.2 DEFINITIONS

A. Unsuitable Materials:

1. Fills: Topsoil; frozen materials; construction materials and materials subject to decomposition; clods of clay and stones larger than 3 inches; organic material, including silts, which are unstable; and inorganic materials, including silts, too wet to be stable and any material with a liquid limit and plasticity index exceeding 40 and 15 respectively.

Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 2 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction, as defined by ASTM D1557.

2. Existing Subgrade (Except Footing Subgrade): Same materials as 1.2.A.1, are not capable of direct support of slabs, pavement, and similar items with possible exception of improvement by compaction, proof rolling, or similar methods.

3. Existing Subgrade (Footings Only): Same as paragraph 1.

4. If materials differ from reference borings and design requirements, excavate to acceptable strata subject to Geotechnical or Structural Engineer-of-Record

(GEOR/SEOR) and RE/COR/Contracting Officer Representative (RE/COR)'s approval.

B. Building Earthwork: Earthwork operations required in area enclosed by each building’s footing perimeter, associated porch support columns, and bollards. It also includes earthwork required for auxiliary structures and buildings.

C. Trench Earthwork: Trench work required for utility lines.

D. Site Earthwork: Earthwork operations required in area outside of each building’s footing perimeter (including that required for auxiliary structures and buildings), associated porch support columns, and bollards.

E. Degree of compaction: Degree of compaction is expressed as a percentage of maximum density obtained by laboratory test procedure. This percentage of maximum density is obtained through use of data provided from results of field test procedures presented in

ASTM D1556.

F. Fill: Satisfactory soil materials used to raise existing grades. In the Construction Documents, the term “fill” means fill or backfill as appropriate.

G. Backfill: Soil materials or controlled low strength material used to fill an excavation.

H. Unauthorized excavation: Removal of materials beyond indicated sub-grade elevations or indicated lines and dimensions without written authorization by the RE/COR. No payment will be made for unauthorized excavation or remedial work required to correct unauthorized excavation.

I. Authorized additional excavation: Removal of additional material authorized by the RE/COR based on the determination by the Government’s soils testing agency as described in the section on testing services, that unsuitable bearing materials are encountered at required

31 20 00 - 3 sub-grade elevations. Removal of unsuitable material and its replacement as directed will be paid on basis of Conditions of the Contract relative to changes in work.

J. Subgrade: The undisturbed earth or the compacted soil layer immediately below granular sub-base, building and site structure footings, or topsoil materials.

K. Structure: Buildings, foundations, slabs, tanks, curbs, mechanical and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made stationary features constructed above or below the ground surface.

L. Borrow: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.

M. Bedding course: Layer placed over the excavated sub-grade in a trench before laying pipe.

Bedding course shall extend up to the spring line of the pipe.

N. Sub-base Course: Layer placed between the subgrade and base course for asphalt paving or layer placed between the subgrade and a concrete pavement, walk, or slab

O. Utilities include on-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables as well as underground services within buildings.

P. Debris: Debris includes all materials located within the designated work area not covered in the other definitions and shall include but not be limited to items like vehicles, equipment, appliances, building materials or remains thereof, tires, any solid or liquid chemicals or products stored or found in containers or spilled on the ground.

Q. Contaminated soils: Soil that contains contaminates as defined and determined by the

RE/COR or the Government’s testing agency.

1.3 RELATED WORK

A. Materials testing and inspection during construction: Section 01 45 29, TESTING

LABORATORY SERVICES and Section 01 45 50, SPECIAL STRUCTURAL INSPECTIONS, TESTS AND OBSERVATIONS.

B. Safety requirements: Section 01 35 27, SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR NATIONAL

CEMETERY PROJECTS.

C. Protection of existing utilities, fire protection services, existing equipment, roads, and pavements: Section 01 00 01, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.

D. Subsurface Investigation: Section 01 00 01, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, Article, 1.12

PHYSICAL DATA.

E. Erosion Control: Section 01 57 19, TEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS, Section

31 40 00 SOIL STABILIZATION (EROSION CONTROL), and Section 32 90 00, PLANTING.

F. Sustainability Requirements: Section 01 81 13, SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

REQUIREMENTS.

G. Flowable fill: Section 31 23 23.33 FLOWABLE FILL.

H. Site preparation: Section 31 23 19, DEWATERING and Section 02 41 00, DEMOLITION AND

SITE CLEARING.

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I. Topsoil: Section 02 41 10, DEMOLITION AND SITE CLEARING.

J. Paving sub-grade requirements: Section 32 12 16, ASPHALT PAVING.

K. Storm drain piping: Section 33 40 00, STORM SEWER UTILITIES.

L. Footing drains: Section 33 46 13, FOUNDATION DRAINAGE.

1.4 CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATION

A. Unclassified Excavation: Removal and disposal of pavements and other man-made obstructions visible on surface; utilities, and other items including underground structures indicated to be demolished and removed; together with any type of materials regardless of character of material and obstructions encountered.

B. Classified Excavation: Removal and disposal of all material except that material not defined as Rock.

C. Rock Excavation:

1. Trenches and Pits: Removal and disposal of solid, homogenous, interlocking crystalline material with firmly cemented, laminated, or foliated masses or conglomerate deposits that cannot be excavated with a late-model, track-mounted hydraulic excavator; equipped with a 42 inch wide, short-tip-radius rock bucket; rated at not less than 138 hp flywheel power with bucket-curling force of not less than 28,090 lbf and stick-crowd force of not less than 19,000 lbf; measured according to SAE J-1179. Trenches greater than 10 feet wide and pits greater than 30 feet in either length or width are classified as open excavation.

2. Open Excavation: Removal and disposal of solid, homogenous, interlocking crystalline material firmly cemented, laminated, or foliated masses or conglomerate deposits that cannot be dislodged and excavated with a late-model, track-mounted loader; rated at not less than 210 hp flywheel power and developing a minimum of 48,510 lbf breakout force;

measured according to SAE J-732.

3. Other: Other types of materials classified as rock are unstratified masses, conglomerated deposits and boulders of rock material exceeding 1 cubic yard for open excavation, or 3/4 cubic yard for footing and trench excavation that cannot be removed by rock excavating equipment equivalent to the above in size and performance ratings, without systematic drilling, ram hammering, ripping, or blasting, when permitted.

4. Blasting: Removal and disposal of solid, homogenous, interlocking crystalline material firmly cemented, laminated, or foliated masses or conglomerate deposits that cannot be removed with conventional methods may not be performed by blasting.

5. Definitions of rock and guidelines for equipment are presented for general information purposes only. The Contractor is expected to use the information presented in the

Geotechnical Engineering Report to evaluate the extent and competency of the rock and to determine both quantity estimations and removal equipment and efforts.

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1.5 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT FOR ROCK EXCAVATION

A. Measurement: Cross section and measure uncovered and separated materials, and compute quantities by Registered Professional Land Surveyor or Registered Civil Engineer, specified in Section 01 00 01, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. Do not measure quantities beyond the following limits:

1. 24 inches from outside face of concrete work for which forms are required, except for footings.

2. 12 inches from outside of perimeter of formed footings.

3. 6 inches below bottom of pipe and not more than pipe diameter plus 24 inches in width for pipe trenches.

4. From outside dimensions of concrete work for which no forms are required (trenches, conduits, and similar items not requiring forms).

B. Payment for Differing Site Conditions: When rock excavation, as classified, is encountered, contract price and time will be adjusted in accordance with Articles, DIFFERING SITE

CONDITIONS, CHANGES and CHANGES-SUPPLEMENT of the GENERAL CONDITIONS as applicable. Based upon the Geotechnical investigation and report, rock excavation by blasting is not anticipated.

1.6 SUSTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS

A. Materials in this section may contribute towards contract compliance with sustainability requirements. See Section 01 81 13, SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS, for project local/regional materials, and/or recycled content requirements.

1.7 SUBMITTALS

A. Submit in accordance with Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND

SAMPLES.

B. Rock Excavation Report:

1. Certification of rock quantities excavated.

2. Excavation method.

3. Labor.

4. Equipment.

5. Land Surveyor's or Civil Engineer's name and official registration stamp.

6. Plot plan showing elevation.

C. Furnish to RE/COR:

1. Contactor shall furnish resumes with all personnel involved in the project including

Project Manager, Superintendent, and on-site Engineer. Project Manager and

Superintendent should have at least 3 years of experience on projects of similar size.

2. Soil samples.

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a. Classification in accordance with ASTM D2487 for each on-site or borrow soil material proposed for fill, backfill, bedding, select granular fill, or granular fill.

b. Laboratory compaction curve in accordance with ASTM D1557 for each on site or borrow soil material proposed for fill, backfill, select granular fill, subbase course, or granular fill.

c. Falling head permeability test results for granular fill.

d. Test reports for compliance with ASTM D2940 requirements for subbase material.

e. Pre-excavation photographs and videotape in the vicinity of the existing structures to document existing site features, including surfaces finishes, cracks, or other structural blemishes that might be misconstrued as damage caused by earthwork operations.

f. The Contractor shall submit a scale plan daily that defines the location, limits, and depths of the area excavated.

3. Contractor shall submit procedure and location for disposal of unused satisfactory material.

4. Proposed source of borrow material.

5. Notification of encountering rock in the project.

6. Advance notice on the opening of excavation or borrow areas.

7. Advance notice on shoulder construction for rigid pavements.

1.8 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS

A. Publications listed below form a part of this specification to extent referenced. Publications are referenced in text by basic designation only.

B. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO):

T99-10 Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of

Soils Using a 5.5 lb Rammer and a 12 inch Drop

T180-10 Standard Method of Test for Moisture-Density Relations of

Soils using a 10 lb Rammer and a 18 inch Drop

C. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

C33/C33M-16 Concrete Aggregate

D448-12 Standard Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and

Bridge Construction

D698-12e2 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction

Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft.

lbf/ft3)

D1140-14 Amount of Material in Soils Finer than the No. 200 Sieve

D1556/D1556M-15e1 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in

Place by the Sand Cone Method

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D1557-12e1 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction

Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3)

D2167-15 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in

Place by the Rubber Balloon Method

D2487-11 Standard Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes

(Unified Soil Classification System)

D2940/D2940M-15 Standard Specifications for Graded Aggregate Material for

Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports

D. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE):

J732-07 Specification Definitions - Loaders

J1179-08 Hydraulic Excavator and Backhoe Digging Forces

E. New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) Standard Specifications, latest edition.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 MATERIALS

A. General: Provide borrow soil material when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations. The Contractor shall assume for bidding purposes that all excavated soil materials from the site are "Unsuitable Soils" and shall bid accordingly and changes in soil conditions in the field shall not be the basis for increase in cost to the

Government.

B. Granular Fills (greater than 24-inches below lawn areas and greater than 4 feet below roads):

Material must be tested and approved by an independent testing lab. Material must be tested and verified to comply with ASTM D2487 Soil Classification Groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, SM, SC, and ML, or any combination of these groups; free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, organics and other deleterious matter. Material approved from on-site or off-site sources having a minimum dry density of 110 pcf, a maximum Plasticity Index of 15, and a maximum Liquid Limit of 40.

Granular Fill shall have a minimum infiltration rate of 1 inch/hr.

C. Granular Fills (less than 24-inches below lawn areas): Material must be tested and approved by an independent testing lab. Material must be tested and verified to comply with ASTM

D2487 Soil Classification Groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, SM, SC, and ML, or any combination of these groups; free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, organics and other deleterious matter. Material approved from on-site or off-site sources having a minimum dry density of 110 pcf, a maximum Plasticity Index of 15, and a maximum Liquid Limit of 40. Granular Fill shall have an infiltration rate between 1-5 inches/hr.

D. Approved General Fill (above crypts):

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1. Material must meet ALL of the following requirements before any materials for this use are allowed on the site:

a. Material must be tested and approved by an independent testing lab. Testing by material supplier does not satisfy this requirement. Material must be tested and verified to comply with ASTM Soil Classification Groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP and

SM, or any combination of these groups. Material must be free of rock or gravel larger than 1 inch in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, organics and other deleterious matter. Material must have 35% or less of fines

(passing a 200 sieve). Material must have a tested and verified Plasticity Index (PI) of 15 or below and the Liquid Limit (LL) of 30 or below. Independent testing lab report must clearly indicate the above requirements are satisfied.

b. Color of material shall visually contrast to the “Sand” material specified in Paragraph

2.1 K. Samples of both materials shall be provided for approval.

E. Select Granular Fill (below building and site structure footings, backfill for earth retaining walls and under roadways in fill to a maximum depth of 4 feet below finished grade): Material conforming to NYSDOT Standard Specifications for Item 203.07, Select Granular Fill.

F. Embankment Fill (stormwater pond embankments): Material in compliance with ASTM D2487

Soil Classification Groups GC, SC, CH, OR, or CL and must have at least 30% passing the

#200 sieve; free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter.

G. Bedding: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D2940; except with 100 percent passing a 1-inch sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

H. Crushed Stone: Material conforming to NYSDOT Standard Specifications for No. 2 Stone

(Table 703-4).

I. Subbase Course: Material conforming to NYSDOT Standard Specifications for Item 304.12, Subbase Course, Type 2.

J. River Stone/Pea Gravel: Washed rounded stone with material gradation conforming to

NYSDOT Standard Specifications for No. 1 Stone (Table 703-4). Stone shall be natural gray in color with rounded edges and be free from organic materials, surface coatings, or other deleterious materials. Final selection of colors shall be made during the submittal process.

K. Sand: Material conforming to NYSDOT Standard Specifications to Section 703-06, Cushion

Sand.

L. Drainage Aggregate: Washed, narrowly graded mixture of crushed stone, or crushed or uncrushed gravel; ASTM D448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 57; with 100 percent passing a 1 1/2-inch sieve and 0 to 5 percent passing a No. 8 sieve.

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M Stone Fill (stone overflow weirs and outlet aprons): Material conforming to NYSDOT

Standard Specifications for Item 620.03, Stone Filling (Light).

N. Buried Warning and Identification Tape: Metallic core or metallic-faced, acid- and alkali-resistant polyethylene plastic warning tape manufactured specifically for warning and identification of buried utility lines. Provide tape on rolls, 3-inch minimum width, color coded as specific below for the intended utility with warning and identification imprinted in bold black letters continuously over the entire tape length. For buried utility lines, warning and identification to read, “CAUTION, BURIED (intended service) LINE BELOW” or similar wording. For Pre-placed crypt identification, warning and custom identification to read

“CAUTION, NATIONAL CEMETERY BURIAL PLOT BELOW”. Color and printing shall be permanent, Unaffected by moisture or soil. Warning tape color codes:

Red: Electric

Yellow: Gas, Oil, Dangerous Materials, Pre-placed crypt identification

Orange: Telephone and Other Communications

Blue: Water Systems

Green: Sewer Systems

O. Warning Tape for Metallic Piping: Acid and alkali-resistant polyethylene plastic tape conforming to the width, color, and printing requirements specified above. Minimum thickness of tape shall be 0.003 inch. Tape shall have a minimum strength of 1500 psi lengthwise, and 1250 psi crosswise, with a maximum 350 percent elongation.

P. Detectable Warning Tape for Non-Metallic Piping: Polyethylene plastic tape conforming to the width, color, and printing requirements specified above. Minimum thickness of the tape shall be 0.004 inch. Tape shall have a minimum strength of 1500 psi lengthwise and 1250 psi crosswise. Tape shall be manufactured with integral wires, foil backing, or other means of enabling detection by a metal detector when tape is buried up to 3 feet deep. Encase metallic element of the tape in a protective jacket or provide with other means of corrosion protection.

Q. Detection Wire For Non-Metallic Piping: Detection wire shall be Insulated single strand, solid copper with a minimum of 12 AWG.

R. Separation Fabric: Fabric shall be non-woven with elongation greater than 50 percent and be on the New York State Department of Transportation Approved Material List for separation application.

S. Geotextile Fabric (below roads where indicated): Woven geotextile fabric and conform to

NYSDOT MF-W Class 2 requirements.

T. Geotextile Fabric (between existing fill subgrades and overlying Select Granular Fill): Basis-of-design product: Mirafi 500X by Ten Cate Geosynthetics or approved comparable product by one of the following:

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a. Skaps Industries

b. Thrace-LINQ Inc.

c. Approved equal

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 SITE PREPARATION

A. Clearing: Clear within limits of earthwork operations as shown. Work includes removal of trees, shrubs, fences, foundations, incidental structures, paving, debris, trash, and other obstructions. Remove materials from Cemetery Property.

B. Grubbing: Remove stumps and roots 3 inch and larger diameter. Undisturbed sound stumps, roots up to 3-inch diameter, and nonperishable solid objects a minimum of 3 feet below subgrade or finished embankment may be left. Do not leave material within burial profile up to

8 feet below finished grade.

C. Trees and Shrubs: Trees and shrubs, not shown for removal, may be removed from areas within 15 feet of new construction and 7.5 feet of utility lines when removal is approved in advance by RE/COR. Remove materials from Cemetery Property. Trees and shrubs, shown to be transplanted, shall be dug with a ball of earth and burlapped in accordance with latest issue of "American Standard for Nursery Stock" of the American Association of Nurserymen, Inc. Transplant trees and shrubs to a permanent or temporary position within two hours after digging. Maintain trees and shrubs held in temporary locations by watering as necessary and feeding semiannually with liquid fertilizer with a minimum analysis of 5 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphorus, and 5 percent potash. Maintain plants moved to permanent positions as specified for plants in temporary locations until conclusion of contract. Box, and otherwise protect from damage, existing trees and shrubs which are not shown to be removed in construction area. Immediately repair damage to existing trees and shrubs by trimming, cleaning and painting damaged areas, including roots, in accordance with standard industry horticultural practice for the geographic area and plant species. Do not store building materials closer to trees and shrubs that are to remain, than farthest extension of their limbs.

D. Striping Topsoil: Strip existing deleterious and organic soil materials within limits of earthwork operations.

E. Lines and Grades: Registered Professional Land Surveyor or Registered Civil Engineer, specified in Section 01 00 01, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, shall establish lines and grades.

1. Grades shall conform to elevations indicated on plans within the tolerances herein specified. Generally, grades shall be established to provide a smooth surface, free from irregular surface changes. Grading shall comply with compaction requirements and grade cross sections, lines, and elevations indicated. Where spot grades are indicated the grade shall be established based on interpolation of the elevations between the spot

31 20 00 - 11 grades while maintaining appropriate transition at structures and paving and uninterrupted drainage flow into inlets.

2. Locations of existing and proposed elevations indicated on plans, except spot elevations, are approximate from a site survey that measured spot elevations and subsequently generated existing contours and spot elevations. Proposed spot elevations and contour lines have been developed utilizing the existing conditions survey and developed contour lines and may be approximate. Contractor is responsible to notify RE/COR of any differences between existing elevations shown on plans and those encountered on site by Surveyor/Engineer described above. Notify RE/COR of any differences between existing or constructed grades, as compared to those shown on the plans.

3. Subsequent to establishment of lines and grades, Contractor will be responsible for any additional cut and/or fill required to ensure that site is graded to conform to elevations indicated on plans.

4. Finish grading is specified in Section 32 90 00, PLANTING.

F. Disposal: All materials removed from the property shall be disposed of at a legally approved site, for the specific materials, and all removals shall be in accordance with all applicable

Federal, State and local regulations. No burning of materials is permitted onsite.

3.2 EXCAVATION

A. Shoring, Sheeting and Bracing: Shore, brace, or slope, its angle of repose or to an angle considered acceptable by the RE/COR, banks of excavations to protect workmen, banks, adjacent paving, structures, and utilities.

1. Design of the temporary support of excavation system is the responsibility of the

Contractor. The Contractor shall submit a Shoring and Sheeting plan for approval 15 days prior to starting work. Submit drawings and calculations, certified by a registered professional engineer, describing the methods for shoring and sheeting of excavations.

Shoring, including sheet piling, shall be furnished and installed as necessary to protect workmen, banks, adjacent paving, structures, and utilities. Shoring, bracing, and sheeting shall be removed as excavations are backfilled, in a manner to prevent caving.

2. Construction of the support of excavation system shall not interfere with the permanent structure and may begin only after a review by the RE/COR.

3. Extend shoring and bracing to a minimum of 5 feet below the bottom of excavation.

Shore excavations that are carried below elevations of adjacent existing foundations.

4. If bearing material of any foundation is disturbed by excavating, improper shoring or removal of existing or temporary shoring, placing of backfill, and similar operations, the

Contractor shall /provide a concrete flowable fill support under disturbed foundations, as directed by RE/COR, at no additional cost to the Government. Do not remove shoring until permanent work in excavation has been inspected and approved by RE/COR.

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5. The Contractor is required to hire a Professional Geotechnical Engineer to provide inspection of excavations and soil/groundwater conditions throughout construction. The

Geotechnical Engineer shall be responsible for performing pre-construction and periodic site visits throughout construction to assess site conditions. The Geotechnical Engineer shall update the excavation, sheeting and dewatering plans as construction progresses to reflect changing conditions and shall submit an updated plan if necessary. A written report shall be submitted, at least monthly, informing the Contractor and RE/COR of the status of the plan and an accounting of the Contractor's adherence to the plan addressing any present or potential problems. The Geotechnical Engineer shall be available to meet with the RE/COR at any time throughout the contract duration.

B. Excavation Drainage: Operate pumping equipment, and/or provide other materials, means and equipment as required to keep excavation free of water and subgrade dry, firm, and undisturbed until approval of permanent work has been received from RE/COR. Approval by the RE/COR is also required before placement of the permanent work on all subgrades.

Groundwater flowing toward or into excavations shall be controlled to prevent sloughing of excavation slopes and walls, boils, uplift and heave in the excavation and to eliminate interference with orderly progress of construction. French drains, sumps, ditches or trenches will not be permitted within 3 feet of the foundation of any structure, except with specific written approval, and after specific contractual provisions for restoration of the foundation area have been made. Control measures shall be taken by the time the excavation reaches the water level in order to maintain the integrity of the in-situ material. While the excavation is open, the water level shall be maintained continuously, at least 1 foot below the working level. Operate dewatering system continuously until construction work below existing water levels is complete. Submit performance records weekly. Measure and record performance of dewatering system at same time each day by use of observation wells or piezometers installed in conjunction with the dewatering system. Relieve hydrostatic head in pervious zones below subgrade elevation in layered soils to prevent uplift.

C. Subgrade Protection: Protect subgrades from softening, undermining, washout, or damage by rain or water accumulation. Reroute surface water runoff from excavated areas and not allow water to accumulate in excavations. Do not use excavated trenches as temporary drainage ditches. When subgrade for foundations has been disturbed by water, remove disturbed material to firm undisturbed material after water is brought under control. Replace disturbed subgrade in trenches with concrete flowable fill or material approved by the

GEOR/SEOR and RE/COR.

D. Proof rolling:

1. After rough grade has been established and prior to placement of fill, proof roll exposed subgrade to check for pockets of soft material.

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2. Proof rolling shall be done on an exposed subgrade free of surface water (wet conditions resulting from rainfall) which would promote degradation of an otherwise acceptable subgrade. Proof roll the existing subgrade with at least three (3) sets of overlapping passes of a 15 ton, smooth-wheel vibratory compaction equipment. Operate the roller in a systematic manner to ensure the number of passes over all areas, and at speeds between 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 mph. When proof rolling, one-half of the passes made with the roller shall be in a direction perpendicular to the other passes. Notify the RE/COR a minimum of 3 days prior to proof rolling. Proof rolling shall be performed in the presence of the RE/COR. Rutting or pumping of material shall be undercut as directed by the

RE/COR and replaced with Select Granular Material.

E. Building Earthwork:

1. The establishment of required subgrades for most all of the project buildings and site structures will be accomplished through the placement and compaction of Select

Granular Fill. This material’s placement limits beneath each building/site structure, as well as lift and compaction requirements, are depicted/stated on the Drawings and/or within this Specification Section.

2. Where proposed foundation footing subgrades are within 4 feet of site’s natural subgrade

(i.e., less than 4 feet of Select Granular Fill is beneath the proposed foundation footing), special foundation footing subgrade construction is required.

a. A 2-foot-deep over-dig below the proposed foundation footing subgrade elevation shall be pursued and extend a minimum of 2 feet beyond the footing edges.

b. Crushed stone shall be placed within the over-dug area, up to proposed foundation footing subgrade elevation, fully wrapped in geotextile separation fabric.

c. Proposed foundation footing shall be constructed directly on top of wrapped crushed stone bed.

3. Any required excavation shall also be accomplished as required by Drawings and specifications.

a. Excavate foundation excavations to solid undisturbed subgrade.

b. Remove loose or soft materials to a solid bottom.

c. Fill excess cut under footings or foundations with concrete flowable fill poured separately from the footings.

d. Do not tamp earth for backfilling in footing bottoms, except as specified.

e. Slope grades to direct water away from excavations and to prevent ponding.

f. Capillary water barrier (subbase course) under concrete floor and area-way slabs on grade shall be placed directly on their required subgrade and shall be compacted with a minimum of two passes of a hand-operated plate-type vibratory compactor.

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g. Ensure that footing subgrades have been inspected and approved by the RE/COR prior to concrete placement.

G. Trench Earthwork:

1. Utility trenches (except sanitary and storm sewer):

a. Excavate to a width as necessary for sheeting and bracing and proper performance of the work.

b. Grade bottom of trenches with bell holes scooped out to provide a uniform bearing.

c. Support piping on suitable undisturbed earth unless a mechanical support is shown.

Unstable material removed from the bottom of the trench or excavation shall be replaced with select granular material placed in layers not exceeding 6 inches loose thickness.

d. Length of open trench in advance of piping laying shall not be greater than is authorized by RE/COR.

e. Provide buried utility lines with utility identification tape. Bury tape 12 inches below finished grade; under pavements and slabs, bury tape 6 inches below top of subgrade

f. Bury detection wire directly above non-metallic piping at a distance not to exceed 12 inches above the top of pipe. The wire shall extend continuously and unbroken, from manhole to manhole. The ends of the wire shall terminate inside the manholes at each end of the pipe, with a minimum of 3 feet of wire, coiled, remaining accessible in each manhole. The wire shall remain insulated over its entire length. The wire shall enter manholes between the top of the corbel and the frame and extend up through the chimney seal between the frame and the chimney seal. For force mains, the wire shall terminate in the valve pit at the pump station end of the pipe.

g. Bedding shall be of the type and thickness shown. Initial backfill material shall be placed and compacted with approved tampers to a height of at least one foot above the utility pipe or conduit. The backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of the pipe for the full length of the pipe. Care shall be taken to ensure thorough compaction of the fill under the haunches of the pipe. Except as specified otherwise in the individual piping section, provide bedding for buried piping in accordance with

AWWA C600, Type 5, except as specified herein. Backfill to top of pipe shall be compacted to 95 percent of ASTM D 698 maximum density. Plastic piping shall have bedding to spring line of pipe. Provide Crushed stone material as specified above.

2. Sanitary and/or storm sewer trenches:

a. Trench width below a point 6 inches above top of pipe shall be 24 inches maximum for pipe up to 12 inches diameter, and diameter of pipe plus 24 inches for pipes 12

31 20 00 - 15 inches and larger. Width of trench above that level shall be as necessary for sheeting and bracing and proper performance of the work.

1) Bed bottom quadrant of pipe on suitable undisturbed soil or select granular fill.

Unstable material removed from the bottom of the trench or excavation shall be replaced with select granular material placed in layers not exceeding 6 inches loose thickness.

c. Place and compact as specified remainder of backfill using acceptable excavated materials. Do not use unsuitable materials.

d. Use select granular fill for bedding where rock or rocky materials are excavated.

e. Provide buried utility lines with utility identification tape. Bury tape 12 inches below finished grade; under pavements and slabs, bury tape 6 inches below top of subgrade.

f. Bury detection wire directly above non-metallic piping at a distance not to exceed 12 inches above the top of pipe. The wire shall extend continuously and unbroken, from manhole to manhole. The ends of the wire shall terminate inside the manholes at each end of the pipe, with a minimum of 3 feet of wire, coiled, remaining accessible in each manhole. The wire shall remain insulated over its entire length. The wire shall enter manholes between the top of the corbel and the frame and extend up through the chimney seal between the frame and the chimney seal. For force mains, the wire shall terminate in the valve pit at the pump station end of the pipe.

g. Bedding shall be of the type and thickness shown. Initial backfill material shall be placed and compacted with approved tampers to a height of at least one foot above the utility pipe or conduit. The backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of the pipe for the full length of the pipe. Care shall be taken to ensure thorough compaction of the fill under the haunches of the pipe. Backfill to top of pipe shall be compacted to 95 percent of ASTM D698 maximum density. Plastic piping shall have bedding to spring line of pipe. Provide crushed stone as specified above.

H. Site Earthwork: Earth excavation includes excavating pavements and obstructions visible on surface; underground structures, utilities, and other items indicated to be removed; together with soil, boulders, and other materials not classified as rock or unauthorized excavation.

Excavation shall be accomplished as required by drawings and specifications. Excavate to indicated elevations and dimensions within a tolerance of plus or minus 1 inch. Extend excavations a sufficient distance from structures for placing and removing concrete formwork, for installing services and other construction, complying with OSHA requirements, and for inspections. Remove subgrade materials that are determined by RE/COR as unsuitable and replace with acceptable material. If there is a question as to whether material is unsuitable or not, the contractor shall obtain samples of the material, under the direction of the RE/COR, 31 20 00 - 16 and the materials shall be examined by an independent testing laboratory for soil classification to determine whether it is unsuitable or not. When unsuitable material is encountered and removed, contract price and time will be adjusted in accordance with

Articles, DIFFERING SITE CONDITIONS, CHANGES and CHANGES-SUPPLEMENT of the

GENERAL CONDITIONS as applicable. Adjustments to be based on volume in cut section only.

1. Site Grading:

a. Provide a smooth transition between adjacent existing grades and new grades.

b. Cut out soft spots, fill low spots, and trim high spots to comply with required surface tolerances.

c. Slope grades to direct water away from buildings and to prevent ponds from forming where not designed. Finish subgrades to required elevations within the following tolerances:

1) Lawn or Unpaved Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch.

2) Walks: Plus or minus 1 inch.

3) Pavements: Plus or minus 1 inch.

d. Grading Inside Building Lines: Finish subgrade to a tolerance of 1/4 inch when tested with a 10-foot straightedge.

3.3 FILLING AND BACKFILLING

A. The following general reference table is provided to summarize placement of earthmoving materials. Refer to the plans, details and paragraphs below for more information.

Material Location Compaction Testing

Requirements

(ASTM D1557)

Granular Fills Under sidewalks and paved areas: Fill above existing subgrade to 4’ below surface.

Minimum 95 percent

Lawn areas

In-ground cremains burial sections

Finish grade to 16” below.

Minimum 80 percent but not to exceed 85 percent.

Depth greater than 16” below finish grade.

Minimum 92 percent minimum but not to exceed

96 percent.

31 20 00 - 17

Approved General Fill Above crypts

See specification section

03 48 21 Precast

Concrete Burial Crypts for compaction requirements.

Select Granular Fill Under sidewalks and paved areas: Fill above existing subgrade (or granular fill) and below subbase course.

Maximum depth of (4) four feet below finished grade.

Below building to existing subgrade.

Below footing to existing subgrade.

Backfill for earth retaining walls (see details)

Minimum 95 percent.

Embankment Fill Stormwater pond embankments

Minimum 95 percent.

Bedding Utility trenches. Minimum 95 percent.

Crushed Stone Various locations. Not Applicable

Subbase Course Asphalt pavement

Concrete

Crypt burial sections

Minimum 95 percent.

River Stone/Pea Gravel Various locations. Not Applicable

Sand Various locations. Minimum 95 percent.

Drainage Aggregate Various locations. Not Applicable

Stone Fill Stone overflow weirs

Outlet aprons

Not Applicable

B. General: Do not fill or backfill until all debris, water, unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials have been removed from excavation. For fill and backfill, use borrow meeting the criteria specified herein, as applicable. Borrow will be supplied at no additional cost to the Government. Do not use unsuitable excavated materials. Do not backfill against foundation and retaining walls until they have been completed above grade (minimum

31 20 00 - 18

7 days after pour) and adequately braced (unless otherwise authorized by the SEOR and

RE/COR), waterproofing or dampproofing applied, foundation drainage, and pipes coming in contact with backfill have been installed and work inspected and approved by RE/COR.C.

C. Placing: Place materials in uniform horizontal layers not exceeding 9 inches in loose depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 6 inches in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers and then compacted. Place backfill and fill materials evenly on all sides of structures to required elevations, and uniformly along the full length of each structure. Place no material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost.

D. Compaction: Compact with approved tamping rollers, sheepsfoot rollers, pneumatic tired rollers, steel wheeled rollers, vibrator compactors, or other approved equipment (hand or mechanized) well suited to soil being compacted. Do not operate mechanized vibratory compaction equipment within 10 feet of new or existing building walls without prior approval of RE/COR. Moisten or aerate material as necessary to provide moisture content that will readily facilitate obtaining specified compaction with equipment used. Backfill adjacent to any and all types of structures shall be placed and compacted to at least 92 percent laboratory maximum density for cohesive materials or 95 percent laboratory maximum density for cohesion less materials to prevent wedging action or eccentric loading upon or against the structure. Compact soil within +/-2% of optimum moisture content to not less than the following percentages of maximum dry density, according to ASTM D698 or ASTM D1557 as specified below:

1. Fills, Embankments, and Backfill

a. Curbs, curbs and gutters, ASTM D1557 95 percent.

b. Under Sidewalks and paved areas, ASTM D1557 95 percent.

c. Landscaped areas, top 16 inches ASTM D1557 80 percent and not to exceed 85 percent.

d. Landscaped areas, below 16 inches of finished grade, ASTM D1557 92 percent and not to exceed 96 percent.

2. Natural Ground (Cut or Existing)

a. Under paved areas, top 6 inches, ASTM D1557 95 percent.

b. Curbs, curbs and gutters, top 6 inches, ASTM D1557 95 percent.

c. Under sidewalks, top 6 inches, ASTM D1557 95 percent.

3. Cremain Section Test Area: Prior to fill operation of the cremain area, the contractor shall construct a 20’x40’x5’ deep minimum test strip of the General Fill to demonstrate actual built conditions of the cremain area. This test strip will be used to establish execution standards (placement and compaction, etc.). The means, methods and equipment used to construct the test strip shall be the same that is used to construct the field.

31 20 00 - 19

a. Test strip shall be constructed in the presence of the testing agencies designated geotechnical engineer and RE/COR.

b. Contractor shall construct the test strip using approved Granular Fill. Material shall be placed in 9” lifts and compacted in accordance with requirements.

c. In-Place Infiltration Testing: Infiltration testing shall be performed on the installed and compacted fill in accordance with ASTM D3385, “Standard Test Method for Infiltration

Rate of Soils In Field Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer” or ASTM D2434, “Standard

Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head). Provide a minimum of (2) tests on the Granular Fill layer greater than 24-inches below, which should be compacted to a minimum of 92 percent. Conduct an additional (2) tests at the surface of the Granular Fill layer, which should be compacted to a minimum of 80% and maximum of 85%. Material shall meet the infiltration rates indicated in material specification above.

4. In lawn areas fill shall not be over-compacted. The RE/COR shall be notified after fine grading of lawn areas and field infiltration tests shall be performed to confirm specified soil permeability rates. If in the opinion of the RE/COR, based on testing service reports and inspections, subgrade or fills that have been placed outside specified density or infiltration rate, the Contractor shall perform additional compaction/decompaction or replace the soil and retest the material until specified density is obtained, at no additional cost to the Government.

E. Borrow Material: Borrow material shall be selected to meet the requirements and conditions of the particular fill or embankment for which it is to be used. Borrow material shall be obtained from approved private sources. Unless otherwise provided in the contract, the

Contractor shall obtain from the owners the right to procure material, pay royalties and other charges involved, and bear the expense of developing the sources, including rights-of-way for hauling.

F. Opening and Drainage of Excavation and Borrow Pits: The Contractor shall notify the

RE/COR sufficiently in advance of the opening of any excavation or borrow pit to permit elevations and measurements of the undisturbed ground surface to be taken. Except as otherwise permitted, borrow pits and other excavation areas shall be excavated providing adequate drainage. Overburden and other spoil material shall be transported to designated spoil areas or otherwise disposed of as directed. Borrow pits shall be neatly trimmed and drained after the excavation is completed. The Contractor shall ensure that excavation of any area, operation of borrow pits, or dumping of spoil material results in minimum detrimental effects on natural environmental conditions.

31 20 00 - 20

G. Pond Embankments: Topsoil shall be removed, and areas scarified prior to placement of embankment fills. Fill material shall be placed in maximum of 8-inch-thick layers and compacted to ASTM D 1557 95 percent.

3.4 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade the areas within the limits of this section, including adjacent transition areas. Smooth the finished surface within specified tolerance. Provide uniform levels or slopes between points where elevations are indicated, or between such points and existing finished grades. Provide a smooth transition between abrupt changes in slope.

B. Cut rough or sloping rock to level beds for foundations. In pipe spaces or other unfinished areas, fill low spots and level off with coarse sand or fine gravel.

C. Slope backfill outside building away from building walls for a minimum distance of 6 feet.

D. Finish grade earth floors in pipe basements as shown to a level, uniform slope and leave clean.

E. Finished grade shall be at least 6 inches below bottom line of window or other building wall openings unless greater depth is shown.

F. Finish subgrade in a condition acceptable to RE/COR at least one day in advance of paving operations. Maintain finished subgrade in a smooth and compacted condition until succeeding operation has been accomplished. Scarify, compact, and grade subgrade prior to further construction when approved compacted subgrade is disturbed by Contractor's subsequent operations or adverse weather.

G. Grading for Paved Areas: Provide final grades for both subgrade and base course to +/- 0.25 inches of indicated grades.

3.5 DISPOSAL OF UNSUITABLE AND EXCESS EXCAVATED MATERIAL

A. Disposal: Remove surplus satisfactory soil and waste material, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of it off Cemetery property.

D. Remove from site and dispose of any excess excavated materials after all fill and backfill operations have been completed.

E. Segregate all excavated contaminated soil designated by the RE/COR from all other excavated soils, and stockpile on site on two 6 mil polyethylene sheets with a polyethylene cover. A designated area shall be selected for this purpose. Dispose of excavated contaminated material in accordance with State and Local requirements.

3.6 CLEAN UP

Upon completion of earthwork operations, clean areas within contract limits, remove tools, and equipment. Provide site clear, clean, free of debris, and suitable for subsequent construction operations.