1540-003P - Inspection 2019.pdf

BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT

JULES CREEK BRIDGE

SCENIC LOOP DRIVE OVER JULES CREEK

THEODORE ROOSEVELT NATIONAL PARK

LOOKING SOUTH

STRUCTURE NO. 1540-003P

INSPECTION TYPE: ROUTINE

INSPECTION DATE: 8/20/2019

EAST (UPSTREAM) SIDE

Report prepared by:

Federal Highway Administration Federal Lands Bridge Office Bridge Inspection and Management Program 21400 Ridgetop Circle Sterling, Virginia 20166 https://bridge.flhd.fhwa.dot.gov

STRUCTURE SUMMARY STRUCTURE NO. 1540-003P

JULES CREEK BRIDGE INSPECTION DATE: 08/20/2019

BRIDGE IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION

MAIN SPAN MATERIAL:

MAIN SPAN TYPE:

# OF BEAMS, MAIN SPAN: .

DECK TYPE:

WEARING SURFACE:

ABUT. FOUNDATIONS:

PIER FOUDNATION(S):

ABUTMENT / PIER MAT'L: ..

PROJ./PLAN REF. NO:

NPS ROAD CLASS:

STRUCTURE HISTORY:

2 - CONCRETE CONTINUOUS NO. OF MAIN SPANS:

01 - SLAB NO. OF APPR. SPANS:

1 STRUCT. TOTAL LENGTH: . 22.8 FT (6.9 M)

1 - CONCRETE CAST-IN-PLACE MAX. SPAN LENGTH: ......... 10 FT (3 M)

6 - BITUMINOUS DECK WIDTH: ..................... 27.0 FT (8.2 M)

2 - SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L CURB TO CURB WIDTH: .... 26.0 FT (7.9 M)

2 - SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L YEAR BUILT:

1 - CONCRETE YEAR RECONSTRUCTED: . 1984

UNKNOWN SKEW ANGLE: .................... 0 °

1 - PRINCIPAL PARK ROAD FRACTURE CRITICAL: ....... N

2013-ROADWAY RESURFACED, RAIL SYSTEM INSTALLED, DRAINAGE

IMPROVEMENTS, DECK REPAIRS.

LOCATION

THEODORE ROOSEVELT NATIONAL PARK

STATE: .............................. 388 - NORTH DAKOTA

FACILITY CARRIED: ......... SCENIC LOOP DRIVE

FEATURE INTERSECTED: JULES CREEK

MILE POINT: .. 25.40 (KM PT 7.74)

LOCATION: .... SCENIC LOOP DRIVE MILEPOST 25.40

INSPECTION TEAM: Z. Bailey, M. Miller

CONDITION ASSESSMENT:

Marcus Miller

REPORT REVIEW:

Marcus Miller

REPORT APPROVAL: Date: 02/10/2020

Jorgomai Ceesay

STRUCTURE EVALUATION SUMMARY

This concrete slab bridge is in fair condition overall. Moderate scaling with efflorescence is present along both edges of the bridge. There is a full length longitudinal crack in the bottom of the slab at the south span near the center pier. Minor vertical cracks exist in both abutment walls and the pier wall. No repairs to the structural concrete are required at this time, but these conditions will continue to be monitored during future inspection cycles.

It should be noted that there are no posts attaching the railing to the bridge. The end treatments for the railing meets current standards, but the transitions from the approach railing to the bridge railing are not gradually stiffened. Improvements should be made to the railing system as outlined in this report.

Some sloughing of the channel bank is present at the southwest corner of the structure, and debris has accumulated on the pier wall and at the end of the southwest wingwall. Corrective measures should be taken as

STRUCTURE SUMMARY STRUCTURE NO. 1540-003P

outlined in this report.

RECOMMENDATIONS AND ESTIMATED COSTS STRUCTURE NO. 1540-003P

JULES CREEK BRIDGE INSPECTION DATE : 08/20/2019

PRIORITY OF IMPROVEMENT226

A (Critical) - Structure is closed, in immediate damage of collapse, or presents a critical safety danger.

B (Major) - Structure is seriously deficient or presents a safety hazzard, but can remain open at reduced loads or with frequent inspections.

C (Moderate) - Structure is deficient, functionally obsolete, or requires substantial repairs to prevent a serious deficiency or unsafe condition.

D (Minor) - Structure is generally in good condition. Preventive maintenance may be required.

E (Special) - Structure is under construction or reconstruction.

C

Item No.

Maintenance Recomendations

(GENERALLY NOT FLHP ELIGIBLE)

QTY. UNIT UNIT

COST

PRELIM.

COST

ESTIMATE

PRELIM. MAINTENANCE TOTAL :

Item No.

REHABILITATION/RECONSTRUCTION

(TYPICALLY NEEDED WITHIN 5 YEARS)

QTY. UNIT

UNIT

COST

PRELIM. COST ESTIMATES

REHAB RECONSTR

58.6,36.

A,36.B

INSTALL POSTS AND BLOCKING FOR W-BEAM

RAILING OVER BRIDGE. ADD POSTS AT

TRANSITIONS AS NECESSARY TO GRADUALLY

STIFFEN APPROACH RAILING.

1 LS 20000 20000

61.3 INSTALL ENGINEERED RIPRAP TO PROTECT

SLOUGHING OF CHANNEL BANK AT

SOUTHWEST CORNER OF BRIDGE.

1 LS 15000 15000

61.4 REMOVE DEBRIS FROM PIER WALL AND END

OF SOUTHWEST WINGWALL. 1 LS 2000 2000

CONTRACT COSTS FOR MOBILIZATION,

TRAFFIC CONTROL, DESIGN, AND

CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING.

1 LS 25000 25000

PRELIM. REHABILITATION/RECONSTRUCTION TOTAL : 62000

COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY

PRELIM. MAINTENANCE TOTAL :

PRELIM. REHABILITATION TOTAL :

PRELIM. RECONSTRUCTION TOTAL : .. 0

TOTAL ITEMIZED COSTS:

PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE TOTAL * :

(*Includes typical contract costs for mobilization, traffic control and design/construction engineering: but does not include detour bridges, work beyond the bridge limits, or work not listed above. Estimates are approximate and are for planning purposes only; they should not be used as a complete or final engineers estimate.)

Remarks : Cost estimates are based on historical data, including costs for similar projects when available.

FIELD INSPECTION REPORT STRUCTURE NO. 1540-003P

ITEM REFERENCE AND REMARKS

61.2 SEE BRIDGE FILE FOR SCOUR EVALUATION.

58.1

59.3

MINOR CRACKING WITH EFFLORESCENCE AND DELAMINATED CONCRETE ON DECK SIDES (BETWEEN REPAIRED AREAS) EXTENDING UP TO 1' INTO DECK UNDERSIDE. MINOR SCALING AND HONEYCOMBING OF DECK UNDERSIDE NEAR OUTSIDE EDGES. MINOR TO MODERATE CRACKING WITH EFFLORESCENCE ON DECK UNDERSIDE, ESPECIALLY ON EAST SIDE. MINOR LONGITUDINAL CRACKS ELSEWHERE ON UNDERSIDE ALSO VISIBLE. SMALL HOLE (3" X 4") IN DECK UNDERSIDE IN NORTH SPAN

NEAR EAST SIDE. SEVERAL MINOR POPOUTS ON SLAB UNDERSIDE WITH EXPOSED REBAR.

MINOR EFFLORESCENCE LEACHING FROM ENDS OF CONSTRUCTION JOINTS BETWEEN DECK SLAB AND BREASTWALLS; MINOR CRACKING ALONG JOINTS. MINOR TRANSVERSE CRACKING ON DECK UNDERSIDE AT CHANGE IN SECTION.

58.5

58.7

WIDESPREAD MINOR CRACKING OF CURBS. UP TO 2.5" OF REVEAL ON CURBS.

EVIDENCE OF PONDING ALONG CURBS, MINOR DEBRIS ACCUMULATION.

58.6

222.3

36.A

36.B

W-TYPE GUARDRAIL OVER BRIDGE AND AT APPROACHES. NO POSTS ATTACHING RAILING TO BRIDGE. RAILING TRANSITIONS

FROM APPROACHES TO BRIDGE ARE NOT GRADUALLY STIFFENED.

59.3

60.13

MINOR VERTICAL AND DIAGONAL CRACKING OF PIER WALL. VERTICAL CRACK IN CENTER OF PIER EXTENDS APPROXIMATELY 3'

INTO SLAB.

60.1 MINOR DIAGONAL CRACK IN UPSTREAM END OF SOUTH ABUTMENT BREASTWALL. MINOR HORIZONTAL CRACKS AT BOTH ENDS

OF SOUTH ABUTMENT BREASTWALL; LIGHT EFFLORESCENCE FROM CRACKS.

MINOR VERTICAL/DIAGONAL CRACK WITH EFFLORESCENCE IN NORTH ABUTMENT AT EAST END. MINOR VERTICAL CRACKS IN

NORTH ABUTMENT BREASTWALL.

60.6 DEBRIS CAUGHT ON BRANCHES OVERHANGING SOUTHWEST WINGWALL.

MINOR SPALLS ON TOP OF WINGWALL AT SOUTHEAST CORNER. MINOR SPALL AT END OF SOUTHEAST WINGWALL.

HORIZONTAL/DIAGONAL CRACK IN FACE OF SOUTHEAST WINGWALL.

60.6

60.9

WATER LEVEL GAGE NO LONGER ATTACHED TO SOUTHWEST WINGWALL; ONLY POST REMAINS. SUBSTANTIAL FLOOD DEBRIS

BUILDUP ON POST AND MINOR SCOUR HOLE DOWNSTREAM OF POST ALONG WINGWALL.

TREE GROWTH BEHIND SOUTHWEST WINGWALL.

60.9 PREVIOUSLY NOTED MODERATE EROSION BEHIND SOUTHEAST WINGWALL HAS BEEN REPAIRED WITH RIPRAP, SOME MINOR EROSION REMAINS. DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENTS ALONG EAST SIDE OF SOUTH APPROACH TO HELP DIVERT ROADWAY

DRAINAGE TO CHANNEL.

61.1

61.2

61.4

MODERATE TO MODERATE SLOUGHING OF CHANNEL BANKS BOTH UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM FROM BRIDGE. APPEARS

SEDIMENT FROM BARRELS HAS BEEN USED TO ALIGN CHANNEL.

2' - 3' OF SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION IN NORTH SPAN AND DOWNSTREAM FROM STRUCTURE. NORMAL FLOW IS ENTIRELY

THROUGH SOUTH SPAN.

61.3 DRY STACKED STONE AND CONCRETE BLOCK (CHANNEL PROTECTION) AT SOUTH BANK, EAST SIDE.

MINOR MOVEMENT OF WALL WITH HEAVY VEGETATION GROWTH.

61.4 MODERATE ACCUMULATION OF FLOOD DEBRIS HUNG UP ON UPSTREAM END OF PIER WALL.

222.7 TYPE 3 OBJECT MARKERS ON GUARDRAIL ENDS AND ON RAILING POSTS AT ALL CORNERS OF BRIDGE; MARKERS ON BRIDGE ARE EFFECTIVELY OFFSET SLIGHTLY FROM RAILING. 35 MPH SPEED LIMIT SIGN ON SOUTH SIDE OF STRUCTURE.

STRUCTURE LOAD RATING STRUCTURE NO. 1540-003P

TRUCK TYPE

INVENTORY RATING (NORMAL TRAFFIC) OPERATING RATING (MAXIMUM LOAD)

TONS METRIC TONS TONS METRIC TONS

H 15 14 25 23

HS 27 24 45 41

TYPE 3 27 24 46 42

TYPE 3S2 38 34 63 57

TYPE 3-3 53 48 89 81

DESIGN LOADING: 0 - UNKNOWN

X CAPACITY MEETS OR EXCEEDS DESIGN LOAD

CAPACITY IS LESS THAN DESIGN LOAD

ORIGINAL LOAD RATING CALCULATION APPLICABLE

ORIGINAL LOAD RATING CALCULATION REVISED

DATE OF LOAD RATING CALCULATION:

LOAD RATING CONTROLLED BY:

REMARKS: INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION AVAILABLE FOR LOAD RATING CALCULATION. LOAD RATING IS BASED ON ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT, IN ACCORDANCE WITH AASHTO MANUAL FOR BRIDGE EVALUATION (MBE). SEE BRIDGE FILE FOR MORE INFORMATION.

STRUCTURE INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL STRUCTURE NO. 1540-003P

JULES CREEK BR DGE INSPECTION DATE: 08/20/2019

STRUCTURE IDENTIFICATION

(201) PARK: THEODORE ROOSEVELT NATIONAL PARK

(202) STRUCTURE NAME:..............JULES CREEK BRIDGE

(203) STRUCTURE KIND:............... 1 - BRIDGE

(204) STRUCTURE NUMBER:.........1540-003 P

5 - MIDWEST(205) NPS REGION:

(206) ROUTE CODE NUMBER:

(207) ROAD SECTION NO:

(208) NPS ROAD CLASS:............... 1 - PRINCIPAL PARK ROAD

(209) WITHIN NPS BNDRY?:.......... Yes

(210) OPERATING UNIT:.................SOUTH

(211) PROJECT NO(S):................... UNKNOWN

(212) DRAWING NUMBERS:

(21) MAINTAINED BY:......................66 - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

(22) OWNER:................................... 66 - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

(1) STATE:............................................ 388 - NORTH DAKOTA

(2) STATE HWY. AGENCY DIST:

(3) COUNTY CODE:....................... 01007 BIBB

(4) CITY / PLACE CODE:

(5) INVENTORY ROUTE:................ 1 6 8 00000 0

(6) FEATURES INTERSECTED:.......... JULES CREEK

(7) FACILITY CARRIED:...................... SCENIC LOOP DRIVE

(8) STATE STRUCTURE NO:.............. 1540003P0000000

(9) LOCATION:..................................... SCENIC LOOP DRIVE MILEPOST

25.40

(10) INV. RTE. - MIN. VERT. CLR:..... 99.99 FT ( 99.99 M)

(11) MILE POINT:................................. 25.40 (KM PT: 7.74 )

(27) YEAR BUILT:

(106) YEAR RECONSTRUCTED:

(20) TOLL:............................................ 3 - ON FREE ROAD

(37) HISTORIC DESIGNATION:.......... 5 - NOT ELIGIBLE

STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION, FOUNDATION, AND DECK TYPE

(43A) MAIN STR. MATERIAL:..........2 - CONCRETE CONTINUOUS (44A) APPR. STR. MATERIAL:............ 0 - Other

(43B) MAIN STR. TYPE:.................. 01 - SLAB (44B) APPR. STR. TYPE:.................... 00 - OTHER

(45) NO. OF MAIN SPANS:..............2 (46) NO OF APPROACH SPANS:

(48) MAX. SPAN LENGTH:..............10 FT ( 3 M)

(49) STRUCTURE LENGTH:........... 22.8 FT ( 6.9 M) (108) WEAR SURFACE/PROTECT SYSTEM:

(216A) ABUTMENT #1 FDN:........... 2 - SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L A) TYPE WEARING SURFACE:.. 6 - BITUMINOUS

(216B) ABUTMENT #2 FDN:........... 2 - SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L B) TYPE MEMBRANE:................. 0 - NONE

(217A) PREDOM. PIER FDN:.......... 2 - SPREAD FTG ON BEARING MAT'L C) TYPE PROTECTION:.............. 0 - NONE

(217B) SECOND. PIER FDN:.......... 6 - N/A (218) IS SALT USED?.......................... NO

(107) DECK TYPE:.......................... 1 - CONCRETE CAST-IN-PLACE

LOAD RATING AND POSTING

(31) DESIGN LOAD:.........................0 - UNKNOWN (41) LOAD RESTRICTION:.................. A - OPEN

(66) INVENTORY RATING:..............27 METRIC TONS) (70) BRIDGE POSTING:...................... 5 - EQUAL TO OR ABOVE LEGAL LOATONS ( 24.5

(64) OPERATING RATING:..............45.1 TONS ( 40.9 METRIC TONS)

INSPECTION DATES

(90) INSPECTION DATE: 08/20/2019 (91) FREQ. OF INSP: 24 MONTHS (92 / 93) CRITICAL FEATURE INSPECTION (CFI):

(219) ADD. STUDIES NEEDED: Y - 3 - LOAD RATING CALCULATION (A) FRACTURE CRITICAL:.......... N

(220) SPECIAL STUDY TYPE: 0 - NONE INSP. EVERY MONTHS - LAST INSP:

(221) SPECIAL STUDY DATE: (B) UNDERWATER:..................... N

INSP. EVERY MONTHS - LAST INSP:

(C) SPECIAL INSPECTION:........ N

INSP. EVERY MONTHS - LAST INSP:

STRUCTURE INVENTORY AND APPRAISAL STRUCTURE NO. 1540-003P

JULES CREEK BR DGE INSPECTION DATE: 08/20/2019

GEOMETRY, TRAFFIC, AND NAVIGATIONAL DATA

(16) LATITUDE:................................ 46° 59'32 82" (51) CURB TO CURB WIDTH:............ 26.0 FT ( 7.9 M)

(17) LONGITUDE:............................103°29 '15.40" (52) DECK WIDTH:.......................... 27.0 FT ( 8.2 M)

(19) DETOUR LENGTH:.................. 25 MI ( 40 KM) (32) APPR. ROADWAY WIDTH:...... 25.0 FT ( 7.6 M)

(28A) LANES ON STRUCT:.............02 (213) APPR. PAVEMENT WIDTH:... 25.0 FT ( 7.6 M)

(28B) LANES UNDER STRUCT:......00 LEFT SHOULDER:............... 0 0 FT ( 0 M)

(42A) SERVICE ON:.........................1 - HIGHWAY RIGHT SHOULDER:.......... 0 0 FT ( 0 M)

(42B) SERVICE UNDER:................. 5 - WATERWAY (33) BRIDGE MEDIAN:.................... 0 - NO MEDIAN

(29) AVG DAILY TRAFFIC:..............200 (34) SKEW ANGLE:......................... 0 °

(30) YEAR OF ADT:......................... 2013 (35) STRUCTURE FLARED:............ 0 - NO FLARE

(114) FUTURE ADT:.........................500 (47) TOTAL HORIZ. CLEARANCE:.. 26 FT ( 7.9 M)

(115) YEAR OF FUTURE ADT:........2033 (50) SIDEWALKS

(101) PARALLEL STRUCTURE:......N - NO PARALLEL STRUCTURE LEFT:.................................... 0 0 FT ( 0 M)

(38) NAVIGATION CONTROL:.........0 - NO NAVIGATION CONTROL ON W RIGHT:.................................. 0 0 FT ( 0 M)

(39) VERTICAL CLEARANCE:.........0 FT ( 0 M) (214) BRIDGE RAIL TYPE

(40) HORIZ. CLEARANCE:..............0 FT ( 0 M) RAIL CONFIGURATION:...... 1 - FULL HEIGHT (NO PARAPET)

(111) ABUT OR PIER PROT:........... MATERIAL:........................... 4 - STEEL

LATERAL UNDERCLEARANCE: DESIGN TYPE:..................... 1 - CONTINUOUS RAIL

(55) RIGHT:...............................00 FT ( 0 M) (215) BRIDGE RAIL HEIGHT:.......... 2 33 FT ( 0.71 M)

(56) LEFT:................................ 0 FT ( 0 M) (53) MIN. VRT. CLR. OVER DECK: 99.99 FT ( 99.99 M)

(54) MIN. VRT. UNDRCLRANCE:... .00 FT ( 0 M)

CONDITION AND APPRAISAL DATA, PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS, AND COST

(58) DECK:....................................... 6 (67) STRUCTURAL EVALUATION:

(59) SUPERSTRUCTURE:...............6 (68) DECK GEOMETRY:

(60) SUBSTRUCTURE:.......... 6 (69) UNDERCLEARANCES:................ N

(61) CHANNEL:................................5 (71) WATERWAY ADEQUACY:

(62) CULVERT:.................................N (72) APPROACH ALIGNMENT:

(222) APPROACHES:...................... 7 (113) SCOUR CRITICAL:.................... 5 - SCOUR WITHIN LIMITS OF FOOTIN

(223) RETAINING WALL:.................N (225) PROPOSE OF IMPROVEMENT: 2 - REHAB/RECONSTRUCTION

(36) TRAFFIC SAFETY FEAT: 0 1 1 1 (226) PRIORITY OF IMPROVEMENT: C - MODERATE

(75A) TYPE OF WORK:................... 35 - REHABILITATION - DETERIORATION (227) MAINTENANCE COST:.............$ 0

(75B) WORK DONE BY:.................. 1 - WORK TO BE DONE BY CONTRACT (228) REHAB / RECNSTR COST:..... $ 62000

(76) IMPROVEMENT LENGTH:....... FT ( 0 M) (229) CONSTRUCTION COST:.......... $ 0

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

(230) STRUCTURE HISTORY:

2013-ROADWAY RESURFACED, RAIL SYSTEM INSTALLED, DRAINAGE MPROVEMENTS, DECK REPAIRS.

(231) ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS:

(330) ADDITIONAL CONFIGURATION INFORMATION:

Inspector: Marcus Miller Structure Number: 1540003P0000000

Inspection Date: 08/20/2019 Facility Carried: SCENIC LOOP DRIVE

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 1

Description LOOKING SOUTH

PHOTO 4

Description WEST (DOWNSTREAM) SIDE

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 5

Description GENERAL TOP SIDE LOOKING SOUTH; NOTE DEBRIS ACCUMULATION ALONG CURBS

PHOTO 6

Description GENERAL UNDERSIDE VIEW OF SOUTH SPAN LOOKING DOWNSTREAM

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 7

Description SOUTH APPROACH PAVEMENT; NOTE CRACKING

PHOTO 8

Description LACK OF POSTS ATTACHING GUARDRAIL TO BRIDGE

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 9

Description TERMINAL SECTION FOR NORTHEAST APPROACH GUARDRAIL

PHOTO 10

Description GENERAL UNDERSIDE VIEW OF SOUTH SPAN LOOKING WEST

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 11

Description EAST END OF NORTH SPAN WITH HONEYCOMBING AND EFFLORESCENCE

PHOTO 12

Description WEST EDGE OF SOUTH SPAN; NOTE CRACKING, EFFLORESCENCE, AND DELAMINATION

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 13

Description EAST UNDERSIDE EDGE OF DECK; NOTE SPALLING, CRACKING, AND EFFLORESENCE

PHOTO 14

Description DOWNSTREAM END OF NORTH ABUTMENT; NOTE NUMEROUS DIAGONAL AND VERTICAL

CRACKS

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 15

Description NORTH FACE OF PIER; NOTE VERTICAL CRACK EXTENDS INTO DECK UNDERSIDE

PHOTO 16

Description POPOUTS IN SOUTH SPAN WITH AREAS OF HONEYCOMBING

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 17

Description POPOUT WITH EXPOSED REBAR IN NORTH SPAN NEAR DOWNSTREAM EDGE

PHOTO 18

Description PATCH EFFLORESCENCE AND HONEYCOMBING ON UNDERSIDE ON NORTH SPAN

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 19

Description STEEL POST AT SOUTHWEST CORNER; NOTE SCOUR ALONG WINGWALL ALSO VISIBLE

PHOTO 20

Description EROSION AND TREE GROWTH AT SOUTHEAST WINGWALL

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 21

Description SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION IN NORTH SPAN

PHOTO 22

Description DEBRIS BUILDUP ON UPSTREAM SIDE OF PIER WALL

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 23

Description SLOUGHING OF BANK NEXT TO SOUTHWEST WINGWALL

PHOTO 24

Description UPSTREAM CHANNEL

Bridge Inspection Report

Pictures

PHOTO 25

Description DOWNSTREAM CHANNEL