03_140R2024R0017_14_of_19_0003.pdf

Field Moisture 24.5%

Field Moisture 22.6%

65.9% 7.2%

Field Moisture 21.4%

Field Moisture 21.2%

Field Moisture 26.1%

55.1% 20.2%

Field Moisture 15.9%

Field Moisture 18.4%

Field Moisture 22.3%

Field Moisture 16.3%

Field Moisture 22.7%

41.6% 8.5%

Field Moisture 20.8%

Field Moisture 19.5%

58.1% 19.3%

Field Moisture 19.8%

Field Moisture 16.9%

Field Moisture 17.8%

Field Moisture 23.9%

Field Moisture 24.7%

Field Moisture 23.0%

Field Moisture 17.7%

Field Moisture 18.4%

Field Moisture 18.7%

Field Moisture 21.8%

Field Moisture 19.2%

Field Moisture 21.0%

Field Moisture 24.5%

Field Moisture 15.2%

Field Moisture 21.2%

Field Moisture 25.2%

Field Moisture 18.7%

Field Moisture 20.2%

Field Moisture 18.1%

Field Moisture 16.2%

Field Moisture 18.6%

Field Moisture 22.0%

Field Moisture 23.5%

Field Moisture 23.1%

Field Moisture 31.5%

Field Moisture 15.2%

Field Moisture 27.8%

Field Moisture 17.6%

Field Moisture 14.7%

86-68540 Mar 03, 2022 2.2.4.21

VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL ONLY

MEMORANDUM

To: Reclamation Technical Service Center, Civil Engineering Services Division #1, Civil Structures Group, Denver, CO Attention: Jason Wagner (86-68150)

From: Grace Weber, Materials and Corrosion Laboratory Group, 86-68540

Subject: Corrosivity Testing SJRRP Sack Dam Fish Passage (Rev 01), Region 10, California- Great Basin, CA Referral Number: 8540-2021-66.Rev01-2022

INTRODUCTION

The original report (TM 8540-2021-66, Oct 1, 2021) was mistakenly published prior to all Sack Dam Fish Passage FER corrosivity testing results being received. This revision adds eight soil samples and one water sample to the analysis and results.

Corrosivity testing was performed on ten composite soil samples collected from borings along the proposed fish passage and headworks around Sack Dam, and one water sample collected from the San Joaquin River (River Right). The composite samples were collected at a variety of depths between 5 and 30 feet, as indicated in each sample description. Samples were tested at BSK Associates Laboratory Fresno for resistivity, pH, and soluble chloride and sulfate concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS

Soil Corrosivity

Resistivity values fall in low pH values fall in all samples.

Chloride concentrations fall all samples.

low all samples.

These results indicate some need for special considerations on this project pertaining to corrosion of buried metals and no need for special considerations pertaining to sulfate attack on concrete.

TSC-Materials and Corrosion Laboratory (MCL) staff has expertise in corrosion mitigation for buried metals and TSC Concrete and Structural Laboratory (CSL) staff has expertise in concrete mix design. These groups can provide additional interpretation and support, if needed.

Water Corrosivity

Water chemistry changes seasonally; these results are based on a single sample at a given point in time. Additional testing should be performed prior to and during construction, and results should be compared to long-term seasonal water corrosivity data.

W - indicates a need for special considerations on this project pertaining to corrosion of immersed metals.

Water chemistry results indicate that the San Joaquin River water may be suitable for use in the production of concrete.

If the water is to be used in concrete production, periodic testing per ASTM C 1602 is recommended during construction with job specific materials. This recommendation should be incorporated into the design specifications.

TSC-MCL staff has expertise in corrosion mitigation for immersed metals, and TSC-CSL staff has expertise in concrete mix design. These groups can provide additional interpretation and support, if needed.

CORROSIVITY TESTING

The purpose of corrosivity testing is to quantify properties of soil and water that indicate a high probability for adverse reaction with buried or immersed structures, such as corrosion of metals or sulfate attack in concrete. Such properties include the concentrations of water-soluble minerals that may be dissolved and transported to the structure during periods of high precipitation. Reclamation recommends corrosivity testing for any structure, metallic or concrete, which comes in contact with soil or water. Corrosivity testing consists of measuring representative soil and water samples for resistivity, pH, and the concentrations of water-soluble anions, with primary analytes being chloride (Cl-) and sulfate (SO4

-2).

SOIL SAMPLE RESULTS

Soil samples were tested at third-party laboratory, BSK Associates Laboratory Fresno. The standards used by this laboratory for soil corrosivity testing are:

o Conductivity SM 2510B o pH Caltrans, California Test 643 o Chlorides Caltrans, California Test 422 o Sulfates Caltrans, California Test 417

Soil r low seven samples samples (SPT-21-7, 7.5- -21-9, 18- UD- 21-10, 0- ) all samples. Chloride all samples low for all samples. Test results for soils are presented in Table I and Appendix A.

Table I. Corrosivity Categories

Range Values # of Samples in Range

-cm)

Low >10,000 7 Moderate 5,000-10,000 2

Severe 2,000-5,000 0

Very Severe <2,000 1 pH Acidic <6 0

Neutral 6-9 10

Basic >9 0

Chlorides (mg/L)* Low <100 10

Moderate 100-500 0

Severe >500 0

Sulfates (mg/L)*

Low <1,000 10

Moderate 1,000-2,000 0

Severe 2,000-20,000 0

Very Severe >20,000 0

Although pH is neutral and chloride concentrations are low for all samples, the very severe resistivity of one sample indicates some need for special considerations on this project pertaining to corrosion of metals. TSC-MCL staff has expertise in corrosion mitigation for buried metals and can provide additional interpretation and support, if needed.

The low sulfate concentrations of all samples indicate that there is no need for special considerations pertaining to sulfate attack on concrete. TSC-CSL staff has expertise in concrete mix design. These groups can provide additional interpretation and support, if needed.

WATER SAMPLE RESULTS

The water sample was tested at third-party laboratory, BSK Associates Laboratory Fresno. The standards used by this laboratory for water corrosivity testing are:

o Conductivity SM 2510B o pH SM4500-H+ B o Chlorides EPA 300.0 o Sulfates as SO4 EPA 300.0

The resistivity of the water sample was calculated to be 1,724 -cm range. M . C moderate range. Sulfate concentration falls Water sample test results are presented in Table II and Appendix B.

Table II. Water Corrosivity Categories

Range Values # of Samples in Range

-cm)

Low >10,000 0 Moderate 5,000-10,000 0

Severe 2,000-5,000 0 Very Severe <2,000 1 pH Acidic <6 0 Neutral 6-9 1 Basic >9 0

Chlorides (mg/L) Low <100 0

Moderate 100-500 1 High >500 0

Sulfate as SO4 (mg/L)

Low <1,000 1 Moderate 1,000-2,000 0

Severe 2,000-20,000 0 Very Severe >20,000 0

The resistivity of the San Joaquin River water sample is very severe, indicating a need for special considerations on this project pertaining to corrosion of immersed metals. TSC-MCL staff has expertise in corrosion mitigation and can provide additional interpretation and support, if needed.

The chlorides of the water sample are within the moderate range. The sulfate as SO4 concentrations of the water sample are acceptable and within the suggested tolerances/limits presented in ASTM C1602, indicating that the San Joaquin River water may be suitable to use in the production of concrete. If the water is to be used in concrete production, it is recommended that periodic testing per ASTM C1602 (chemical, strength, and time of set per ASTM C403) be performed during construction with job-specific materials, and that this periodic testing be incorporated into the design specifications. TSC-CSL staff has expertise in concrete mix design and can provide additional interpretation and support, if needed.

Water chemistry changes seasonally; these results are based on a single sample at a given point in time. Additional testing should be performed prior to and during construction, and results should be compared to long-term seasonal water corrosivity data.

cc: CGB-170 (E. Thomas; L. Vasquez); CGB-230 (L. Zaffran, G. Mongano); 86-68140 (J. Lorberau);

86-68150 (J. Wagner, S. Monahan); SCC-111 (C. Burton); 86-68315 (T. Howard); 86-68311 (E.

Friedman); 86-68311 (R. Woodruff); 86-68320 (A. Warren, J. Vauk); 86-68540 (C. Henderson, G.

Weber)

APPENDIX A: SOILS TESTING RESULTS

APPENDIX B: WATER TESTING RESULTS

Appendix E Site Photographs

P h ot o

1.

R ea ch

C h an n el

I m p ro ve m en ts a t

S ac k D am a n d

A rr oy o

C an al H ea d w or k s

A s it e vi si t b y a U

C R eg io n eq ui pm en t o pe ra to r an d

C G

B g eo lo gi st i s m ad e to d et er m in e th e im pr ov em en ts n ee de d fo r pl an ne d in ve st ig at io ns . H ea vy v eg et at io n re qu ir es r em ov al a nd im po rt ed r oc k is n ee de d to le ve l d ri ll in g ar ea s.

L . Z af fr an

/0

9/ sC

PT

-2 1-

Sa ck

D am

Sa n

Jo aq ui n

Ri ve r

SP

T-

-4 ot o

2.

R ea ch

C h an n el

I m p ro ve m en ts a t

S ac k D am a n d

A rr oy o

C an al H ea d w or k s

C om m er ci al ly s ou rc ed c ru sh ed r oc k to ns w as s to ck pi le d al on g th e le ve e

(r ig ht b an k) a nd u se d to im pr ov e si te co nd it io ns f or d ri ll in g eq ui pm en t.

L

. Z af fr an

, 7 /2

1/

Ea st

M on ito rin g W el l le ve e

Sa ck

D am ot o

3.

R ea ch

C h an n el

I m p ro ve m en ts a t

S ac k D am a n d

A rr oy o

C an al H ea d w or k s

R ec la m at io n pe rs on ne l f ro m th e

U C

R eg io n us e ab ov e eq ui pm en t t o pr ep ar e ar ea f or d ri ll in g eq ui pm en t.

(E

. T ho m as

/2 3/

CA

T

Lo ad er

CA

T Sk id S er ot o

5.

R ea ch

C h an n el

I m p ro ve m en ts a t

S ac k D am a n d

A rr oy o

C an al H ea d w or k s

V ie w lo ok in g no rt h fr om th e

P os o C an al

E m ba nk m en t.

S ei sm ic C

P T s ou nd in g sC

P T-

-1 is u nd er w ay . A to ta l o f so un di ng s w er e co m pl et ed i n th e fi el d be tw ee n th e ca na l an d th e

S an

J oa qu in

R iv er . S ou nd in gs in th is a re a m et re fu sa l b et w ee n

-6 ft b el ow g ro un d su rf ac e

(L . Z af fr an , 0

7/

/2

1)

Sa n

Jo aq ui n

Ri ve r Po so Ca na l ot o

6.

R ea ch

C h an n el

I m p ro ve m en ts a t

S ac k D am a n d

A rr oy o

C an al H ea d w or k s

V ie w lo ok in g no rt he as t f ro m th e

P os o C an al

E m ba nk m en t.

A

P G

E r ep re se nt at iv e pl ac ed g as li ne m ar ke rs o n gr ou nd a nd c le ar ed i nv es ti ga ti on s pr io r to s ta rt o f fi el d w or k.

D at a ac qu is it io n is u nd er w ay i n se is m ic

C P

T s ou nd in g sC P

T-

-1 8.

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, 0 7/

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1)

Sa n

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Ri ve r

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Ca na l em ba nk m en t

CP

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-1

PG

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R ea ch

C ha nn el I m pr ov em en ts a t

Sa ck

D am a n d A rr oy o C an al

H ea dw or ks A

C

PN

d ri ll c re w c ol le ct s ei sm ic d at a at f t i nt er va ls u si ng a s le dg eh am m er . S ei sm ic C

P T s ou nd in gs w er e in te ed to b e ad va nc ed to f t b gs

, h ow ev er th e

-c m c on e m et r ef us al p re m at ur el y th ro ug ho ut m uc h of th e ar ea

B

B en to ni te g ra nu le s ar e us ed to b ac kf ill th e no m in al

-i nc h di am et er C

P T h ol es

L . Z af fr an , 0

7/

/2

1) sC

PT

-2 1-

Pr op os ed

H ea dw or ks S tr uc tu re

A

B ot o

8.

R ea ch

C h an n el I m p ro ve m en ts a t S ac k

D am a n d A rr oy o C an al

H ea d w or k s

V ie w lo ok in g so ut h

(u ps tr ea m al on g th e ri gh t b an k of th e S

JR

. D ri ll in g at lo ca ti on S

P T-

-1 is u nd er w ay

. A to ta l o f

S

T dr il l h ol es w er e co m pl et ed o n th e ri gh t b an k.

B

. H ol m es

, 0 8/

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9.

R ea ch

C h an n el

I m p ro ve m en ts a t

S ac k D am a n d

A rr oy o

C an al H ea d w or k s

C P

N d ri ll c re w a t w or k on

S P

T-

-8 lo ca te d on th e

L ef t B an k ne ar th e

S

JR

. S P

Ts w er e pe rf or m ed e ve ry

.5 f ee t w hi le a f li gh t au ge r dr y co re s ys te m w as u se d to o ve r-co re t he p re vi ou s S

P T in te rv al a nd p ro vi de a

.5 f t s oi l s am pl e.

A to ta l o f

S P

T d ri ll ho le s w er e co m pl et ed o n th e le ft b an k.

S . S w ar tz , 0

9/

/2 ho to

0.

R ea ch

C ha n ne l I m pr ov em en ts a t

Sa ck

D am a nd

A rr oy o

C an al H ea dw or ks

A

M ud c ir cu la tio n sy st em is s et u p in S

PT

-2

1-to c on ti nu e ad va nc in g in s at ur at ed , h ea vi ng s an d co nd it io ns B

W at er a nd d ri lli ng p ro du ct s ar e m ix ed th or ou gh ly in a b af fl ed ta nk C

T ri -c on e

“r oc k bi t” u se d to a dv an ce b et w ee n

S

PT

in te rv al s D

S oi l c or e sa m pl es a re b ox ed a nd p la ce d on a p al le t f or tr an sp or t t o st or ag e at F ri an t D am

A

B

C

D

Po so

Ca na l ot o

R ea ch

C h an n el I m p ro ve m en ts a t S ac k

D am a n d A rr oy o C an al

H ea d w or k s

C P

N d ri ll c re w a t w or k on

U D

-2 1-on th e ri gh t b an k.

U si ng a f li gh t a ug er p il ot b it

, t he h ol es w er e ad va nc ed t o pr es el ec te d in te rv al s to ta rg et f in e gr ai ne d so il s.

U nd is tu rb ed s oi l s am pl es w er e co ll ec te d w it hi n st ee l t ub es

S he lb

y) u si ng a m ec ha ni ca l pi st on s am pl er

. A to ta l o f un di st ur be d dr il l h ol es w er e co m pl et ed o n th e ri gh t s id e of th e ri ve r.

(L . Z af fr an , 0

9/

/2

1)

.0 ft ot o

. R ea ch

C h an n el

I m p ro ve m en ts a t

S ac k D am a n d

A rr oy o

C an al H ea d w or k s

V ie w lo ok in g ea st to w ar ds S ac k

D am f ro m th e le ft b an k of th e S

JR

. D ri ll in g in U

D -2

1-is u nd er w ay

. A to ta l o f un di st ur be d dr il l h ol es w er e co m pl et ed o n th e le ft s id e of th e ri ve r.

T he r iv er is o ve rg ro w n w it h w at er h ya ci nt h.

S . S w ar tz , 1

0/

/2 ot o

. R ea ch

C h an n el

I m p ro ve m en ts a t

S ac k D am a n d

A rr oy o

C an al H ea d w or k s

T he c re w e nj oy in g fr ie nd ly c om pa ny d ur in g a lu nc h br ea k.

S . S w ar tz , 1

0/

/2

Appendix F Field Exploration Request

F E

R _S

JR

R

P _S ac k

D am

F is h P as sa ge a nd A rr oy o C an al

F is h Sc re en

2/

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T ea m c on cu rr ed v ia e m ai l)_

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: A lis on

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(8 6-

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: T

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Sa n

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(S

JR

RP

) i m pr ov em en ts to th e Sa n Jo aq ui n Ri ve r

(S

JR

) c ha nn el a t S ac k

D am a nd

A rr oy o

Ca na l h ea dw or ks

Th e sc op e of th e

FE

R pe rt ai ns to th e pr op os ed fi sh p as sa ge a nd h ea dw or ks a ro un d

Sa ck

D am o n th e ea st b an k of th e

SJ

R an d th e pr op os od ifi ca tio ns to th e

Ar ro yo C an al o n th e w es t b an k of th e

SJ

R, a t a si te a bo ut m ile s ea st o f D os

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Se ve ra l p ot en tia l d es ig n al te rn at iv es fo r s tr uc tu re s a re b ei ng c on si de re d.

T he fi sh p as sa ge w ill c on si st o f a ro ck

-li ne d ch an ne l a nd h ea dw or ks st ru ct ur e.

T w o po te nt ia l h ea dw or ks s tr uc tu re lo ca tio ns w ill b e in ve st ig at ed b ef or e th e fin al lo ca tio n is s el ec te d.

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. T he e xp lo ra tio n pr og ra m c on si st s of

C

PT

s ou nd in gs a dr ill h ol es to c ol le ct s oi l s am pl es o n th e

Sa ck

D am fi sh p as sa ge c ha nn el a lig nm en t a nd th e pr op os ed h ea dw or ks lo ca tio n ar ea s, a nd a t p ro po se d m od ifi ca tio n lo ca tio ns n ea r t he

A rr oy o

Ca na l h ea dw or ks

Di ss ip at io n te st s w ill b e co nd uc te d in a ll

CP

T so un ds

Te n of th e

CP

T so un di ng s w ill b e ad va nc ed to fe et a nd c ol le ct s ei sm ic w av e ve lo ci ty d at a.

A n ad di tio na l t w el ve

C

PT

s ou nd in gs w ill b e ad va nc ed to fe et

. C

PT

s ou nd in gs w ill b e ad va nc ed b ef or e dr ill in g.

S ub se qu en t d ril l h ol es w ill b e ad va nc ed in p ot en tia l a lte rn at iv e he ad w or ks fo ot pr in ts

, b rid ge fo un da tio n lo ca tio ns

, a nd n ea r f is h sc re en lo ca tio ns u ng ud ro ta ry d ril lin g te ch ni qu es

. F irs t, te n dr ill h ol es w ill b e ad va nc ed to fe et

Th es e dr ill h ol es w ill c ol le ct

S

PT

d at a an d de fin e th e st ra tig ra ph y at th e si te , i n pa rt ic ul ar to d et er m in e th e pr es en ce o f a ny cl ay /s ilt la ye rs

. T en a dd iti on al d ril l h ol es w ill b e ad va nc ed a dj ac en t t o th e

SP

T dr ill h ol es to c ol le ct u nd is tu rb ed sa m pl es

(U D

) u si ng p is to n sa m pl in g w ith

S he lb y tu be s i n th e si lt/ cl ay la ye rs

A pr ev io us d ril l h ol e ad ja ce nt to o ne p ro po se d sit e, a dv an ce d by

G re gg D ril lin g in

2, e nc ou nt er ed s ilt y/ cl ay ey la ye rs fr om

3-fe et a nd

8-fe et

(S ee s ite g eo te ch ni ca l r ep or t f ro m

C H

2M H ill d at ed

S ep te m be r 2

2)

Th e de pt hs o f t he se la ye rs a nd p re se nc e of o th er la ye rs w ill v ar y by d ril l h ol e so a dv an ci ng th e co m pa ni on S

PT

a nd C

PT

s a re c rit ic al b ef or e co lle ct in g

U D sa m pl es

Th e dr ill in g w ill u til iz e st an da rd d ril l r ig s a nd s ta nd ar d dr ill in g in ve st ig at io n m et ho ds

D ril lin g w ill u til iz e a tr uc k-m ou nt ed o r t ra ck

-m ou nt ed d ril l r ig u si ng a m ud ro ta ry

Th e dr ill h ol es w ill h av e a m ax im um di et er o f 1 fo ot

Ad di tio na l s up po rt v eh ic le s an d tr ai le rs w ill b e us ed to h au l d ril lin g eq ui pm en t a nd m at er ia ls.

T he d ril l r ig a nd su pp or t v eh ic le s w ill o cc up y ab ou t a

0-b y

0-fo ot a re a.

T he d ril lin g op er at io n w ill n ot b lo ck tr af fic o n ro ad s no r i m pe de fa rm in g ac tiv iti es

, w he n po ss ib le

M ud ro ta ry e m pl oy s a s ys te m o f c irc ul at ed d ril lin g flu id

, w hi ch w ill b e co nt ai ne d in a s er ie s of c on ta in er s an d po s.

Co ne P en et ra tio n Te st in g ut ili ze s a tr uc k m ou nt ed C

PT

s ys te m

So un di ng s ha ve a m ax im um d ia m et er o f 1 .5 in ch es

Th e

CP

T rig a nd s up po rt v eh ic le s ( us ua lly o ne to tw o pe rs on al v eh ic le

s) w ill o cc up y ab ou t a

- b y

0-fo ot a re a.

V eg et at io n m ay n ee d to b e cl ea re d fo r a cc es s t o pr op os ed in ve st ig at io n si te s.

T o ac ce ss m os t l oc at io ns o n th e w es t b an k, tw o cr os si ng s ov er th e Po so C an al w ill b e us ed

Th e w ei gh t be ar in g ca pa ci ty o f t he b rid ge s m us t b e ve rif ie d be fo re a cc es

So il sa m pl es fo r c or ro siv ity te st in g sh ou ld b e co lle ct ed n ea r t he s ur fa ce o f t he b or in gs

, a nd w at er sa m pl es fo r c or ro siv ity te st in g sh ou ld b e co lle ct ed fr om th e riv er

. A ll dr ill h ol es a nd s ou nd in gs w ill b e ba ck fil le d w ith b en to ni te o r d ril l c ut tin gs to th e su rf ac e up on c om pl et io n

(n o m on ito rin g w el ls w ill b e in st al le d)

Th e fo llo w in g

SJ

RR

P pr oj ec t d ea dl in es a re re le va nt to th is F

ER

Sa ck D am F is h

Pa ss ag e

D es ig n:

D ue

A pr il

, 2 ck

D am

F is h Pa ss ag e

D es ig n:

D ue la te s um m er o f 2

TB

D.

(P as e pr ov id e

Ar ro yo C an al fi sh s cr ee n de si gn d ea dl in es

Th e

FE

R te am h as d et er m in ed th at th e cr iti ca l d at e fo r r ec ei pt o f t he fi el d da ta w ill b e in su m m er o f 2 to b e in co rp or at ed in to th e d es ig n.

E nv iro nm en ta l a nd c ul tu ra l p er m itt in g cl ea ra nc es an tic ip at ed to b e re ce iv ed b y

Fe br ua ry

1.

T he P ro gr am O ff ic e w ill b e re sp on si bl e fo r l an do w ne r a cc es s co or di na tio n an d si te p er m itt g.

R _S

JR

R

P _S ac k

D am

F is h P as sa ge a nd A rr oy o C an al

F is h Sc re en

2/

IT

EM

N

O

DE

SC

RI

PT

IO

LO

CA

TI

SI

ZE

DE

PT

H

TE

ST

IN

FI

EL

D

EX

PL

O

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TI

O N

D

ES

CR

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TI

A.

ril l H ol e

M ud

R ot ar y

SP

T-

-1

SP

T-

-2

-3

-4

SP

T-

-5

-6

SP

T-

-7

-8

SP

T-

-9

-1

Se e at ta ch

Fi gu re

/K

M Z fil

¼

In

ID

Au ge rs

Ap pr ox im at el y fe nt in uo us

SP

T

Co rr os iv ity

Te st in g

Sa m pl

Pu rp os e:

Co lle ct s oi l d at a to e va lu at e th e fo un da tio n m at er ia l p ro pe rt ie s.

M ud ro ta ry sa m pl in g to th e fin al de pt h of

0’ d ue to a nt ic ip at ed h ig h w at er ta bl e an d he av in g sa ot e ac tu al c on ta ct d ep th s of m aj or at er ia l u ni t c ha ng e an d w he re g ro un dw at er is e nc ou nt er ed

Re qu ire m en ts

S am pl in g sh ou ld b e in a cc or da nc e

AS

TM

D

-1

St an da rd T es t M et ho d fo r S ta nd ar d Pe ne tr at io n Te st (S

PT

-A dv an ce d ril l h ol es to a pp ro xi m at el y fe et o f d ep th

-P er fo rm

S

PT

s a t 2

.5 -f oo t i nt er va ls fr om

.0 to

0.

- O rc or e

SP

T in te rv al s to c on tin uo us ly s am pl e m at er ia ls w he n po ss ib le (p ilo t b it m ay b e ne ce ss ar y by pa ss p re ss ur iz ed s an ds

- B ox a nd p ho to gr ap h al l s am pl es c ol le ct ed

- G eo lo gi ca lly lo g al l s oi l u si ng th e

U ni te d

So il

Cl as si fic at io n Sy st em a cc or di ng to th e

Re cl am at io n

En gi ne er in g

G eo lo gy

F ie ld M an ua l.

N ot e ge ol og ic c on ta ct

- S el ec t r ep re se nt at iv e sa m pl es o f f ou nd at io n m at er ia ls fo r l ab or at or y an al ys is a s de te rm in ed n ec es sa ry b y fie ld g eo lo gi st s.

S el ec t r ep re se nt at iv e sa m pl es to c ha ra ct er iz e al l m at er ia l t yp es e nc ou nt er ed

Sa m pl es be s ea le d to re ta in m oi st ur e fo r l ab or at or y an al ys is.

S to re a nd tr an sp or t s am pl es a cc or di ng to A

ST

M

D

0.

-C ro siv ity te st in g sa m pl e ha nd lin g is de ta ile d in

It em

E

SP

T

Re qu ire m en ts

Al l S

PT

te st in g w ill b e co nd uc te d us in g an a ut om at ic h am m er s et a t a c on st an t R

PM

su lti ng in to bl ow s p er m in ut e.

T he d ril le r w ill d oc um en t t he

R

PM

ra te a nd h am m er o pe ra tio n de ta ils ith in d ril l r ep or ts fo r e ac h

SP

T dr ill h ol e.

-H vi ng sa nd is a nt ic ip at ed

Pu ll sa m pl er s lo w ly to p re ve nt v ac uu m

Di sc ar d sa m pl e an d in cl ud e in n if sa m pl e is a dv an ce d in to m at er ia l t ha t h as b lo w n up in to a ug er

-S

PT

d at a w ill b e co lle ct ed b y re co rd in g bl ow s p er

.1 0-fo ot d ep th in te rv al s, a nd g ra ve ls in te rf er en ce w ill b e re co rd ed o n

SP

T lo gs

-R ef us al o f t he

S

PT

is re ac he d at bl ow s w ith n o ad va nc em en t;

or bl ow s pe r 0

.5 -fo ot -d ep th in te rv al s fr om to ft b lo w s f ro m to ft

; a nd

/o r a s r ef us al is d et er m in ed b y th e fie ld g eo lo gi st

Co m pl et io n Re qu ire m en ts

-B ac kf ill fr om to ta l d ep th to g ro un d su rf ac e w ith b en to ni te or d ril l c ut tin gs

.S ta ke b ac kf ill ed d ril l h ol es ith la le d an d fla gg ed s ta ke

R _S

JR

R

P _S ac k

D am

F is h P as sa ge a nd A rr oy o C an al

F is h Sc re en

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EM N

O

DE

SC

RI

PT

TI

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B.

U nd is tu rb pl in g es

U D

-2 1-

U

D -2

1-

U D

-2 1-

U

D -2

1-

U D

-2 1-

U

D -2

1-

U D

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U

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1-

U D

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U

D -2

1-

Se at ta

Fi gu re

Dr a s co m pa ni on s t o

SP

T-

-1 , 2

, 3

4, , 6 , 7

, 8 , 9

La rg es t di am po ss ib le th fi t i ns id e au rs

- 6 ¼

ID

au rs a nd

Di

Sh el by

T ub e pr ef er d de ep

De te rm g eo lo gi c co nt ac ts en co un te re d in

S

PT

-2 1-

1, , 3 , 4

, 5

6, , 8 , 9

, 1

-U se fo rm

-1 fo r U sa os e:

Co lle ct io n of u nd is tu rb ed re pr es en ta tiv e sa m pl es w ith p is to n sa m pl in g fo r l ab or at or y an al ys is co nt in uo us ly s am pl e cl ay a nd si lt la ye r( s) d et er m in ed fr om

S

PT

-2 0-

1, , 3 , 4

, 5 , 6

, 7 , 8

, 9 , 1

0.

U se s am e dr ill in g m et ho ds a s ite m

A .A dv an ce a s c om pa ni on h ol es a pp ro xi m at el y fe et a w ay fr om c om pa ni on S

PT

d ril l h ol e lo ca tio ns

Re qu ire m en

-P ilo t B it or c or e an d di sc ar d do w n to ta rg et ed sa m pl in g de pt hs a s d ire ct ed b y fie ld g eo lo gi st

- D ril le rs a nd fi el d ge ol og is t w ill h av e th e re qu ire d sa m pl in g eq ui pm en t a nd s am pl e pr ep ar at io n an d st or ag e eq ui pm en t o ns ite ac co rd in g to

A

ST

M D or a s d ire ct ed b y th e

FE

R

Te am

U nd ist ur be d sa m pl es s ho ul d be d riv en b y Re cl am at io n st af f t o th e

TS

C m at er ia l l ab in

D en ve r.

P le as e co or di na te w ith G

LF

S to e ns ur e pr op er te ch ni qu es a re u til iz ed to se cu re th e sa m pl es p rio r t o tr an sp or t t o lim it di st ur ba nc e.

- U nd is tu rb ed s am pl es w ill b e co lle ct ed w ith a

-in ch th in

-w al le d

Sh el by T ub e us in g a hy dr au lic al ly o pe ra te d pi st on sa m pl er in a cc or da nc e w ith A

ST

M

D

-1

5, a nd s up pl em en ta l i nf or m at io n is av ai la bl e in U

SB

R pa rt

1.

2.

-S pl e m at er ia l t rim m ed fr om th e to p an d bo tt om o f t he S he lb y Tu be s a nd o bt ai ne d fr om th e sp lit

-b ar re l sa m pl er s ho ul d be c ol le ct ed fo r v isu al c la ss ifi ca tio n.

A s ea le d m oi st ur e sa m pl e m us t b e co lle ct ed fo r e ac h un di st ur be d sa m pl e fr om th e to p an d bo tt om o f e ac h tu be

; c ar e sh ou ld b e ta ke n to e ns ur e al l d ril lin g flu id so il sl ou gh is re m ov ed fr om b ot h en ds o f t he tu be s pr io r t o sa m pl in g fo r m oi st ur e co nt en su re m en ts fo r i nt ac t u ni t w ei gh t d et er m in at io ns

(a tu be tr im m in g to ol is re co m m en de d)

B ot h en ds o f th e tu be s ho ul d be s ea le d us in g an o -r in g ty pe g as ke t p lu g tig ht en ed w ith a w re nc h an d th en c ap pe d.

Su ff ic ie nt a m ou nt o f m at er ia l s ho ul d be re m ov ed fr om th e bo tt om e nd o f t he tu be to e ns ur e th e en tir e ga sk et p lu g an d bo lt fit in si de o f t he tu be

. F ie ld g eo lo gi st s m ay se le ct a dd iti on al s am pl es fo r l ab or at or y an al ys is.

A ll m at er ia ls no t s en t t o th e la bo ra to ry fo r t es tin g sh al l b e bo xe d an d re ta in ed

-C om pl et e

At ta ch ed fo rm

-1 fo r e ac h sa m pl e an d su bm it to

G

LF

S;

re co rd tu be

ID

to th e ne ar es t 0

.0 tu

/s oi l w ei gh ts to th e ne ar es t 0 .0 lb

, a nd le ng th s t o th e ne ar es t 1 /1

6” (0

.0 ft

De liv er u nd ist ur be d sa m pl es to th e

TS

C

G

LF

S At te nt io n:

T yl er C ha tf ie ld

(8 6-

0) , 3

-8

-7

8, D en ve r

Fe de ra l C en te r, Bu ild in g

En tr an ce S

-6 , D en ve r C O

-0

7.

Pl se c on ta ct

T yl er C ha tf ie ld a t l ea st ho ur s p rio r t o de liv er y to c oo rd in at e sa m pl e re ce iv in g.

Co m pl et io n

Re qu ire m en ts

-B ac kf ill fr om to ta l d ep th to th e gr ou nd s ur fa ce w ith b en to ni te . S ta ke b ac kf ill ed d ril l h ol es w ith la be le d an d fla gg ed s ta

R _S

JR

R

P _S ac k

D am

F is h P as sa ge a nd A rr oy o C an al

F is h Sc re en

2/

O

DE

SC

RI

PT

TI

H

TE

ST

D

EX

PL

O

RA

TI

O

N D

ES

CR

IP

TI

C.

Pe tr om s

(C sC

-2 1-

CP

T-

-2 sC

PT

-2

1-

CP

T-

-4 sC

PT

-2 1-

CP

T-

-6

-2 1-

CP

T-

-8

CP

-1

CP

T-

-1 sC

PT

-2

-1

CP

T-

-1

CP

T-

-1 sC

PT

-2

-1 sC

PT

-2

-1 sC

PT

-2

-2

-2 1-

N A

Ap pr ox im at el y r s

CP

T

Ap pr ox im at el y r C

-D si pa tio n te st in g

Pu rp os e:

C on du ct

C

PT

s to d et er m in e th e en gi ne er in g pr op er tie s of th e fo un da tio n so ils

Co nd uc t d is si pa tio n te st in g at s el ec t i nt er va ls du rin g

CP

T ad va nc em en t t o de te rm in e gr ou nd w at er le ve ls.

C on du ct s ei sm ic

C

PT

s in lo ca tio ns a t i nt er va ls of fe et to c ol le ct

V s w av e ve lo ci tie s du rin g

T.

Re qu ire m en t:

A ll

CP

Ts sh ou ld b e co nd uc te d ac co rd in g to

A

ST

M D

- A dv an ce

C

PT

s to ta rg et d ep th u nl es s re fu sa l i s en co un te re d.

N ot e re as on fo r r ef us al o n lo gs

- N o re tr ac tio n gr ou tin g is re qu ire d;

p ro be so un di ng fr om su rf ac e on ce ro ds a re re m ov ed to re co rd c ol la ps e de pt h an d ba ck fil l w ith b en to ni te c hi ps fr om su rf

- L oc at io ns fo r d is si pa tio n te st in g w ill b e de te rm in ed b y th e fie ld g eo lo gi st b as ed o n co nd iti on s en co un te re d du rin g

CP

T ad va nc em en t.

A t l ea st o ne di ss ip at io n te st s ho ul d be e xe cu te d in th e ta rg et ed c la y la ye r f tt le m en t a na ly si s f ro m th e

CP

T ho le n ea re st th e

U D sa m pl e ho le s (s

CP

T-

-1 to -4

) a llo w in g su ffi ci en t t im e fo r a c ur ve to d ev el op

Sa nd la ye rs sh ou ld a ls o be ta rg et ed in a ll

CP

T ho

-C s sh ou ld b e ad va nc ed p rio r t o co m pa ni on d ril l h ol es

, s o th at th e re su lts c an b e us ed to ta rg et p ot en tia l pr ob le m a re as fo r u nd is tu rb ed s am pl in g.

-In s pe ci fie d lo ca tio ns , c on du ct s

CP

T te st in g.

S tr ik e no rm al ly lo ad ed b ea m o n ea ch s id e w ith c on si st en t l oa d at d ow nh ol e in cr em en ts o f 5 fe et

Co or di na te w ith

G

LF

S an d re vi ew se is m ic d at a w ith te am in fi rs t s ou nd in g to e ns ur e pr op er d at a ac qu is iti on

-O bt ai n co ne c al ib ra tio n in fo rm at io n fr om

C

PT

o pe ra to r -T es tin g an d re po rt in g sh ou ld b e co or di na te d w ith G

LF

S co nt ac t T yl er

C ha tf ie ld

La b

Te st in g

SP

T

D ril l H

U

Dr ill

H ol es N

A N

A La b Te st in g

St an da rd

Ph ys ic

Pr op er tie yd ro m et

1D ns ol id at io n Tr ia xi

St ng in g

Pu rp os e:

L ab or at or y an al ys is of s am pl es tr an sf er re d fr om fi el d ge ol og t.

ire m en ts

So il sa m pl es c ol le ct ed fr om

S

PT

d ril l h ol es a nd U

D sa m pl e tu be s w ill b e su bm itt ed fo r st an da rd p hy si ca l p ro pe rt ie s l ab or at or y te st in g in cl ud in g:

gr ad at io ns

, m oi st ur e co nt en t, un it w ei gh t, an d At te rb er g lim its

, a cc or di ng to

A

ST

M a nd R ec la m at io n

(E ar th M an ua

l) la bo ra to ry st an da rd s.

L ab or at or y an al ys is w ill in cl ud e:

g ra da tio n pl ot s, li qu id li m it, p la st ic li m it, m oi st ur e co nt en t, an d U ni fie d So il Cl as si fic at io n

Sy st em n am e an d sy m bo l.

ar tic le si ze a na ly sis w ill in cl ud e hy dr om et er re ad in gs fo ra ll so il sa m pl es .H yd ro m et er te st s sh al l i de ify pe rc en ta ge o f p ar tic le s fin er th an th e

0.

m m

-N um be r o f s am pl es te st ed fo r s ta nd ar d ph ys ic al p ro pe rt ie s la bo ra to ry te st in g w ill b e de te rm in ed b y th e fie ld g eo lo gi st b ut is a nt ic ip at ed a t a m ax im um o f 1 s am pl es

(s ub m it to C

G B

W ill ow s L ab or at or y or a s de te rm in ed b y te am

- 1 D co ns ol id at io n te st in g an d tr ia xi al C

U te st in g w ill b e co nd uc te d in a cc or da nc e w ith A

ST

M

D o n se le ct ed U

D sa m pl es a s d et er m in ed b y th e

TS

C

G

LS

F an d

FE

R Te am . 2

In ta ct s am pl es p er U

D ar e an tic ip at

R _S

JR

R

P _S ac k

D am

F is h P as sa ge a nd A rr oy o C an al

F is h Sc re en

2/

EM

DE

SC

RI

PT

TI

H

TE

ST

D

EX

PL

O

RA

TI

O N

D

ES

CR

IP

TI

E.

rr os iv in g

Sa m pl es

SP

T

D ril l H n

Jo aq ui n

Ri ve r

N A

N A

La bo ra ry in g

Pu rp os e:

D et er m in e de sig n re qu ire m en ts fo r c at ho di c pr ot ec tio n fo r b ur ie d st ru ct ur es

. S am pl es a re to b e te st ed to d et er m in e pH

, e le ct ric al c on du ct iv ity , s ul fa te c on ce nt ra tio n, a nd c hl or id e co nc en tr at io n fo r A

SR

tio n.

ire m en ts

: C ol le ct s am pl es in a ug er h ol es a t s el ec te d si te s.

S en d sa m pl es to

G

LF

S c/ o Ty le r C ha tf ie ld

- F ie ld g eo lo gi st s w ill d ev el op tw o du pl ic at e In ve nt or y

Sh ee ts fo r s am pl es c ol le ct ed . O ne c op y of th e In ve nt or y

Sh ee t w ill b e ke pt w ith fi el d no te s a nd th e se co nd

In ve nt or y Sh ee t w ill b e sh ip pe d w ith th e sa m pl es to th e la bo ra to ry . I nv en to ry

S he et s s ho ul d ha ve s pa ce s de sig na te d fo r s ig na to ry

/d at e bl oc ks fo r t he fie g eo lo gi st a nd la b te ch ni ci an s to fo rm a c ha in o f c us to dy

Su m ar y of sa m pl in g re qu ire m

- S pl es c ol le ct ed a t a bo ut

-1 fe et o f d ep th , o r a s d et er m in ed b y fie ld g eo lo gi st

. C ol le ct s oi l s am pl es fr om

S

PT

d ril l h ol e fr om a bo ve w at er ta bl

- T av oi d sa m pl e co nt am in at io n, c ol le ct sa m pl e us in g cl ea n se al ab le b ag s, c le an h an ds o r l at ex g lo ve s, a ru

-fr ee to ol (i de al ly st ai nl es s s te el

-S am pl e si ze q ua rt z-si ze d ba gs p er s el ec te d dr ill h ol e

(m in

. 1 lb

. e ac h)

Re m ov e as m uc h as m uc h ai r a s po ss ib le a nd s ea l t ig ht ly

-C ol le ct tw o-lit er si ze d pl as tic b ot tle s ( ob ta in s am pl in g bo tt le fr om G

LF

S) o f r iv er w at er fr om p ro je ct a a.

- L ab el e ac h ba g an d bo tt le w ith p ro je ct in fo rm at io n, sa m pl e nu m be r, dr ill h ol e, d ep th

, d at e an d tim e, p H

(w he n av ai la bl e)

-P ut sa m pl es o n ic e in c oo le r, se al th e co ol er w ith s tr ap pi ng ta pe

, a nd fe de x ov er ni gh t t o la bo ra to ry

- N ot e:

C hl or id e te st in g re qu ire s no p re se rv at iv es , b ut te st in g sh ou ld b e pe rf or m ed w ith in da ys o f s am pl e co lle ct io n.

S ul fa te te st in g re co m m en ds th at th e sa m pl e be k ep t c oo l a t ~

°F . T es tin g sh ou ld a ls pe rf or m ed w ith in da ys o f s am pl e co lle ct io n.

F.

In

-S itu

S oi l Re si st iv ity

Te st in g

At h ea dw ks br id pr in t

N A

De gn rt D ep us

0%

DC

sis tiv su rv ey

El ec tr od e sp ac in g an d lin e lo ca tio de rm op hy si ci on ite

Pu rp os e:

T o pr ov id e in -s itu e le ct ric al re si st iv iti es o f s oi ls a nd ro ck s at th e pr oj ec t s ite

Th is d at a w ill b e us c on ju nc tio n w ith c or ro si on p ro te ct io n de si gn s fo r s te el a nd o th er c or ro sio n-su sc ep tib le st ru ct ur es a t t he sit ire m en ts

Co nd uc t D C

Re si st iv ity su rv ey s o r E

M P ro fil in g su rv ey s as a pp ro pr ia te

In ve rt th e fie ld d at a in to s ec tio ns s ho w in g el ec tr ic al re sis tiv ity v er su s d ep th fo r l oc at io ns c on ta in in g st ee l o r o th er s tr uc tu re c or ro si on

-p ro te ct ed

Th e re su lts s ha ll be p re pa re d an d tr an sm itt ed in a T ec hn ic al

M em or an du m fr om

SC

En gr G eo ph ys ic s

-8

0.

R _S

JR

R

P _S ac k

D am

F is h P as sa ge a nd A rr oy o C an al

F is h Sc re en

2/

Fi el d an d La bo ra to ry

T r D is pe rs io n

N A

N A

N A

Cr um b Te st

Do ub

Pi nh ol e

Te st

Pu rp os e:

S up pl em en ta l t es ts to s cr ee n fo r t he p re se nc e of d is pe rs iv e m at er ia ls

Re qu ire m en ts

Fi el d Sc re en in g w ith

C ru m b

Te st

At si te o r f ro m

C or e Bo xe s of f s ite (d oe s n ot n ee d to b e do ne a t t he ti m e of d ril lin g) fo rm c ru m b te st fr om sa m pl es re pr es en ta tiv e of u ni ts

, e sp ec ia lly la ye rs c on ta in in g fin es

. I f a ll sa m ed fr om th e fir st tw o dr ill h ol es d o no t s ho w a ny tr ac e of d is pe rs iv en es s t he n su bs eq ue nt te st in g ca n im iz ed

(O nl y in a ny c la y la ye r)

. I f t es tin g sh ow s p re se nc e of d is pe rs iv e m at er ia ls

, c on tin ue te st in g al l re pr es en ta tiv e un its

-C on du ct

C ru m b

Te st a cc or di ng to

A

ST

M D

(S um m ar iz ed b el ow

P la ce a c ub e of re m ol de d m at er ia l o r n at ur al c ru m b w ith n at ur al m oi st ur e co nt en t o f a bo ut

/8 on e ac h sid e in a w hi te p or ce la in d is h or p la st ic c up w ith m l o f d is til le d or re se rv oi r w at er

O bs er ve c ub e af te r 6 h ou rs a nd ra nk it a cc or di ng to d is pe rs iv e gr ad e:

de

: N on di sp er siv e

N o re ac tio n:

n o tu rb id w at er is c re at ed b y co llo id s.

A ll pa rt ic le s se tt le in fi rs t ho ur

G ra de

: I nt er m ed ia te

(T ra ns iti on G ra de

S lig ht re ac tio n:

fa in t, ba re ly v is ib le c ol lo id al s us pe ns io n ei th er n ea r c ru m b or a ro un d it.

If th e cl ou d is e as ily v isi bl e, a ss ig n

G ra de

If th e cl ou d is fa in in o nl y on e ar ea , a ss ig n G ra de de

: D is pe rs iv e

M od er at e re ac tio n:

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E 6561200

E 6561200

E 6562000

ALWAYS THINKSAFETY

BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

CAD SYSTEM

AutoCAD 22.0S (LMS TECH)

CAD FILENAME

SACK DAM SITE_GEOTECH.DWG

LAST SAVED DATE

2021-06-10

LAST SAVED BY

KCASHMAN

SAN JOAQUIN RIVER

RESTORATION PROJECT

SACK DAM

FISH PASSAGE

Appendix G Final Geotechnical Report, Arroyo Canal Fish Screen and Sack Dam Fish Passage Project

CH2MHill, 2012

Sack Dam Test Pit Geotechnical Investigation Sack Dam Bypass Channel

Supplemental Preconstruction Permitting Reclamation, 2012

Arroyo Canal Fish Screen and Sack Dam Fish Passage Project

Prepared for

Henry Miller Reclamation District #2131

Semptember 2012

2525 Airpark Drive Redding, CA 96001

Project No. 418544

Contents Section Page

RDD\120730002 (CLR4904.DOCX) III

WBG030912092340RDD

Acronyms and Abbreviations............................................................................................................................... v

1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 1 1

1.1 Background...................................................................................................................................... 1 1

1.2 Project Description .......................................................................................................................... 1 2

1.3 Surface Conditions and Water Levels .............................................................................................. 1 2

1.4 Borrow Sources for Fill Material ...................................................................................................... 1 7

2 Field Exploration .................................................................................................................................. 2 1

2.1 Field Exploration .............................................................................................................................. 2 1

2.2 Laboratory Testing........................................................................................................................... 2 2

3 Geologic Setting................................................................................................................................... 3 1

3.1 Regional Geology ............................................................................................................................. 3 1

3.2 Local Geology................................................................................................................................... 3 1

3.3 Seismicity and Seismic Design Criteria ............................................................................................ 3 1

3.4 Subsidence....................................................................................................................................... 3 3

4 Subsurface Conditions.......................................................................................................................... 4 1

4.1 Soil Material..................................................................................................................................... 4 1

4.2 Groundwater ................................................................................................................................... 4 1

4.3 Expansive Soil .................................................................................................................................. 4 1

4.4 Soil Corrosivity ................................................................................................................................. 4 2

5 Analyses .............................................................................................................................................. 5 1

5.1 Liquefaction Potential and Associated Hazards .............................................................................. 5 1

5.2 Consolidation Settlement ................................................................................................................ 5 2

5.3 Stability and Seepage....................................................................................................................... 5 2

5.3.1 Stability Analyses of River and Canal Structures ................................................................ 5 2

5.3.2 Loading Conditions and Resisting Forces for Stability Analyses......................................... 5 3

5.3.3 Seepage and Piping Potential ............................................................................................. 5 4

5.3.4 Summary of Results ............................................................................................................ 5 4

5.4 Pile Capacity..................................................................................................................................... 5 5

5.4.1 Steel Pipe Piles for North and South Bridges...................................................................... 5 5

5.4.2 Steel Pipe Piles for Log Boom ............................................................................................. 5 5

5.4.3 Steel H Piles for Fish Screen Support ................................................................................. 5 6

5.4.4 Steel H Piles for Trash Rack Support .................................................................................. 5 6

6 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................... 6 1

6.1 Seepage Cutoff Depths .................................................................................................................... 6 1

6.2 Lateral Earth Pressures .................................................................................................................... 6 1

6.2.1 Surcharge of Control Building on Canal Wall...................................................................... 6 2

6.2.2 Groundwater Levels for Lateral Earth Pressure Analyses .................................................. 6 2

6.3 Foundation Alternatives .................................................................................................................. 6 2

6.3.1 Shallow Foundations Bearing on Improved Soil ................................................................. 6 2

6.3.2 Support on Deep Foundations............................................................................................ 6 3

6.4 Selected Foundations ...................................................................................................................... 6 3

6.5 Fill and Backfill ................................................................................................................................. 6 4

6.6 Erosion and Scour Protection .......................................................................................................... 6 4

CONTENTS, CONTINUED

Section Page

IV RDD\120730002 (CLR4904.DOCX)

WBG030912092340RDD

6.7 Subgrade Preparation...................................................................................................................... 6 5

6.7.1 Transport Channel and Fish Ladder .................................................................................... 6 5

6.7.2 Sack Dam and Canal Structures .......................................................................................... 6 5

7 Construction Considerations ................................................................................................................ 7 5

7.1 Dewatering ............................................................................