Top 100 Contractors in PSC AR21: R&D – Space: Science/Applications (Basic Research), FY2024

Full ranking

Rank	Contractor	Net obligations	Share	Trend
1	Northrop Grumman Corporation 2 awardees, including Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$155,227,646	30.7%	Rank history: #1 in FY2021, #1 in FY2022, #1 in FY2023 and #1 in FY2025; unchanged since FY2023.
2	Association of Universities for Research In Astronomy, Inc. 3 awardees Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$79,369,613	15.7%	Rank history: #4 in FY2021, #2 in FY2022, #2 in FY2023 and #2 in FY2025; unchanged since FY2023.
3	Baylor College of Medicine Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$15,369,985	3.0%	Rank history: #9 in FY2021, #13 in FY2022, #8 in FY2023 and #4 in FY2025; up 5 since FY2023.
4	Southwest Research Institute Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$12,842,988	2.5%	Rank history: #12 in FY2021, #6 in FY2022, #7 in FY2023 and #5 in FY2025; up 3 since FY2023.
5	The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LLC Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$8,478,439	1.7%	Rank history: #15 in FY2021, #7 in FY2022, not on the FY2023 list and not on the FY2025 list; returned.
6	Arizona State University 2 awardees Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$8,078,333	1.6%	Rank history: #13 in FY2021, #16 in FY2022, #11 in FY2023 and #6 in FY2025; up 5 since FY2023.
7	State of California Controllers Office 10 awardees, including University of California, Davis, The Regents of the University of California and University of California, San Diego Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$3,798,105	0.8%	Rank history: #5 in FY2021, #4 in FY2022, #6 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 1 since FY2023.
8	The Johns Hopkins University 2 awardees, including The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LLC Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$3,777,258	0.7%	Rank history: #2 in FY2021, #5 in FY2022, #5 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 3 since FY2023.
9	The Regents of the University of California Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$3,721,493	0.7%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #7 in FY2025; new.
10	University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$3,606,646	0.7%	Rank history: #20 in FY2021, #20 in FY2022, #13 in FY2023 and #19 in FY2025; up 3 since FY2023.
11	The Pennsylvania State University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$3,248,318	0.6%	Rank history: #28 in FY2021, #22 in FY2022, #31 in FY2023 and #10 in FY2025; up 20 since FY2023.
12	The Regents of the University of Colorado Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$3,019,180	0.6%	Rank history: #7 in FY2021, #12 in FY2022, #12 in FY2023 and #25 in FY2025; unchanged since FY2023.
13	Massachusetts Institute of Technology Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$2,945,981	0.6%	Rank history: #27 in FY2021, #17 in FY2022, #21 in FY2023 and #14 in FY2025; up 8 since FY2023.
14	Purdue University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$2,866,531	0.6%	Rank history: #36 in FY2021, #27 in FY2022, #17 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 3 since FY2023.
15	University System of New Hampshire Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$2,802,600	0.6%	Rank history: #29 in FY2021, #24 in FY2022, #19 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 4 since FY2023.
16	Universities Space Research Association Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$2,467,372	0.5%	Rank history: #10 in FY2021, #15 in FY2022, #18 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 2 since FY2023.
17	National Institute of Aerospace Associates Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$2,418,146	0.5%	Rank history: #100 in FY2021, #89 in FY2022, #32 in FY2023 and #9 in FY2025; up 15 since FY2023.
18	Gulf of Maine Research Institute Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$2,331,688	0.5%	Rank history: #99 in FY2021, #61 in FY2022, #33 in FY2023 and #11 in FY2025; up 15 since FY2023.
19	University of Texas At Austin 2 awardees Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$2,252,058	0.4%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #22 in FY2025; up 158 since FY2023.
20	University of Texas System 5 awardees, including University of Texas At Austin, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and University of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$2,219,180	0.4%	Rank history: #21 in FY2021, #25 in FY2022, #14 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 6 since FY2023.
21	Board of Governers State University System of Florida 3 awardees, including The University of Central Florida Board of Trustees and University of Florida Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$2,061,708	0.4%	Rank history: #16 in FY2021, #18 in FY2022, #16 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 5 since FY2023.
22	Brown University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,972,919	0.4%	Rank history: #51 in FY2021, #69 in FY2022, #51 in FY2023 and #46 in FY2025; up 29 since FY2023.
23	The University of Toledo Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,857,659	0.4%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #16 in FY2025; new.
24	University of Alaska System Through University of Alaska Fairbanks Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,848,025	0.4%	Rank history: #50 in FY2021, #40 in FY2022, #29 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 5 since FY2023.
25	The Exploratorium Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,722,088	0.3%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #53 in FY2023 and #83 in FY2025; up 28 since FY2023.
26	University of Washington Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,640,690	0.3%	Rank history: #14 in FY2021, #19 in FY2022, #23 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 3 since FY2023.
27	University of Illinois Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,604,024	0.3%	Rank history: #34 in FY2021, #32 in FY2022, #30 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 3 since FY2023.
28	Seti Institute Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,550,981	0.3%	Rank history: #23 in FY2021, #26 in FY2022, #54 in FY2023 and #20 in FY2025; up 26 since FY2023.
29	Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,545,941	0.3%	Rank history: #59 in FY2021, #62 in FY2022, #35 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 6 since FY2023.
30	Regents of the University of Michigan Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,521,461	0.3%	Rank history: #31 in FY2021, #29 in FY2022, #26 in FY2023 and #86 in FY2025; down 4 since FY2023.
31	Carthage College Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,470,000	0.3%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #61 in FY2023 and #31 in FY2025; up 30 since FY2023.
32	The American Museum of Natural History Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,359,492	0.3%	Rank history: #93 in FY2021, #86 in FY2022, #58 in FY2023 and #17 in FY2025; up 26 since FY2023.
33	Lockheed Martin Corporation Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,326,338	0.3%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
34	Regents of the University of Minnesota 2 awardees Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,321,731	0.3%	Rank history: #49 in FY2021, #51 in FY2022, #74 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 40 since FY2023.
35	Cornell University 2 awardees Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,310,799	0.3%	Rank history: #53 in FY2021, #64 in FY2022, #66 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 31 since FY2023.
36	Montana State University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,291,680	0.3%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
37	University of Delaware Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,285,891	0.3%	Rank history: #75 in FY2021, #57 in FY2022, #34 in FY2023 and #62 in FY2025; down 3 since FY2023.
38	Hampton University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,275,824	0.3%	Rank history: #54 in FY2021, #41 in FY2022, #56 in FY2023 and #32 in FY2025; up 18 since FY2023.
39	University of Hawaii Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,252,932	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
40	Rutgers, the State University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,246,075	0.2%	Rank history: #48 in FY2021, #53 in FY2022, #79 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 39 since FY2023.
41	American University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,230,564	0.2%	Rank history: #90 in FY2021, #75 in FY2022, #50 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 9 since FY2023.
42	Smithsonian Institution Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,147,041	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #8 in FY2025; new.
43	The Washington University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,139,694	0.2%	Rank history: #32 in FY2021, #45 in FY2022, #39 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 4 since FY2023.
44	University of California, San Diego Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,126,093	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
45	University of California, LOS Angeles Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,123,648	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
46	Oregon University System 2 awardees, including Oregon State University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,074,282	0.2%	Rank history: #58 in FY2021, #60 in FY2022, #70 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 24 since FY2023.
47	Old Dominion University Research Foundation Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,034,264	0.2%	Rank history: #98 in FY2021, not on the FY2022–FY2023 lists and #39 in FY2025; up 155 since FY2023.
48	Northern Arizona University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,032,420	0.2%	Rank history: #61 in FY2021, #78 in FY2022, #65 in FY2023 and #26 in FY2025; up 17 since FY2023.
49	The Leland Stanford Junior University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,030,520	0.2%	Rank history: #44 in FY2021, #43 in FY2022, #22 in FY2023 and #38 in FY2025; down 27 since FY2023.
50	West Virginia University Research Corporation Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$1,000,000	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
51	Blue Marble Space Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$995,782	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #87 in FY2022, #46 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 5 since FY2023.
52	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$992,596	0.2%	Rank history: #40 in FY2021, #36 in FY2022, #25 in FY2023 and #72 in FY2025; down 27 since FY2023.
53	University of Utah Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$983,920	0.2%	Rank history: #62 in FY2021, #66 in FY2022, #59 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 6 since FY2023.
54	The George Mason University Instructional Foundation, Inc. Through George Mason University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$976,879	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #47 in FY2025; new.
55	Georgia TECH Research Corp Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$920,961	0.2%	Rank history: #25 in FY2021, #95 in FY2022, #71 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 16 since FY2023.
56	Ohio Aerospace Institute Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$919,995	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #94 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 38 since FY2023.
57	North Carolina State University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$913,500	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
58	Iowa State University of Science and Technology Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$910,000	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #100 in FY2022, #86 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 28 since FY2023.
59	Wichita State University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$910,000	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; up 52 since FY2023.
60	Maine Space Grant Consortium Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$910,000	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #100 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 40 since FY2023.
61	University of Wyoming Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$910,000	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; up 52 since FY2023.
62	North Dakota University System Through University of North Dakota Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$910,000	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
63	The College of Charleston Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$909,353	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
64	University of Nebraska Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$908,719	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
65	University of Puerto Rico Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$904,068	0.2%	Rank history: #74 in FY2021, #73 in FY2022, #47 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 18 since FY2023.
66	The University of Mississippi Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$903,721	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #92 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 26 since FY2023.
67	University of Arizona Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$889,098	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #56 in FY2022, not on the FY2023 list and #68 in FY2025; up 39 since FY2023.
68	Board of Regents of Nevada System of Higher Education 2 awardees, including Nevada System of Higher Education Board of Regents Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$884,673	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
69	Oklahoma State University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$884,551	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #54 in FY2022, #42 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 27 since FY2023.
70	The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Inc. Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$884,043	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #76 in FY2023 and #21 in FY2025; up 6 since FY2023.
71	Regents of the University of Idaho Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$881,628	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #98 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 27 since FY2023.
72	The University of Hartford Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$869,375	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; up 33 since FY2023.
73	The University of Alabama System 2 awardees, including The University of Alabama In Huntsville Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$866,541	0.2%	Rank history: #42 in FY2021, #46 in FY2022, #48 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 25 since FY2023.
74	University of Kentucky Through The University of Kentucky Research Foundation Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$860,000	0.2%	Rank history: #96 in FY2021, not on the FY2022–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; up 136 since FY2023.
75	South Dakota Board of Regents Through South Dakota School of Mines & Technology Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$860,000	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #93 in FY2022, #99 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 24 since FY2023.
76	Vanderbilt University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$859,213	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
77	University of Vermont & State Agricultural College Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$858,447	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #95 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 18 since FY2023.
78	National Council On Radiation Protection & Measurements Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$848,000	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #34 in FY2025; up 47 since FY2023.
79	New Mexico State University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$843,206	0.2%	Rank history: #79 in FY2021, #91 in FY2022, #91 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 12 since FY2023.
80	Louisiana State University 2 awardees Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$832,723	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #92 in FY2022, #69 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 11 since FY2023.
81	University of Missouri System 2 awardees Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$828,827	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #94 in FY2022, not on the FY2023 list and not on the FY2025 list; up 23 since FY2023.
82	President and Fellows of Harvard College Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$811,223	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #61 in FY2025; new.
83	The Research Foundation for the State University of New York Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$808,687	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
84	Bay Area Environmental Research Institute Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$782,799	0.2%	Rank history: #8 in FY2021, #8 in FY2022, #10 in FY2023 and #27 in FY2025; down 74 since FY2023.
85	The University of Central Florida Board of Trustees Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$758,553	0.2%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #81 in FY2025; new.
86	University of Arkansas System Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$731,359	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
87	University of Maryland, College Park Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$710,475	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #23 in FY2022, #37 in FY2023 and #63 in FY2025; down 50 since FY2023.
88	University System of Maryland 4 awardees, including University of Maryland, College Park, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$706,411	0.1%	Rank history: #6 in FY2021, #11 in FY2022, #85 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 3 since FY2023.
89	University of South Carolina Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$678,910	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #84 in FY2022, not on the FY2023 list and not on the FY2025 list; up 31 since FY2023.
90	Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Inc. Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$678,383	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2022 lists, #93 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; up 3 since FY2023.
91	Colorado State University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$572,852	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #44 in FY2025; new.
92	Wayne County Regional Educational Service Agency Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$547,476	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #33 in FY2025; up 38 since FY2023.
93	Eastern Virginia Medical School Through Old Dominion University Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$500,000	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
94	BAE Systems Through BAE Systems Information & Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$469,221	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; new.
95	Georgetown University (THE) Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$430,000	0.1%	Rank history: #80 in FY2021, #47 in FY2022, not on the FY2023 list and not on the FY2025 list; up 33 since FY2023.
96	Robotics Education and Competition Foundation, Inc. Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$428,179	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and not on the FY2025 list; up 35 since FY2023.
97	Global Atmospheric Technologies and Sciences, Inc. Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$426,260	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #41 in FY2025; up 44 since FY2023.
98	The University of Alabama In Huntsville Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$417,504	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #29 in FY2025; new.
99	Predictive Science Incorporated Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$416,978	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021 list, #77 in FY2022, #87 in FY2023 and not on the FY2025 list; down 12 since FY2023.
100	Planetary Science Institute Top agencies NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)	$371,427	0.1%	Rank history: not on the FY2021–FY2023 lists and #79 in FY2025; new.

How this ranking works

• Source: every contract action FPDS records (as published on SAM.gov) in the period, as GovTribe received it.
• Amounts are net obligations: what was obligated, less what was deobligated. Shares are of $505 million obligated before deobligations, so they never pass 100%.
• Parent companies: each action counts under the ultimate parent its award record names, or under the awardee when it names none, so no dollar counts twice. Parents of the same name (Inc., LLC and the like aside) count as one company, since FPDS records a company's parent under more than one UEI over time. GovTribe corrects a few parents and names by hand; see the corrections.
• Fiscal year 2024 ran Oct 1, 2023 – Sep 30, 2024. The Department of Defense reports its contract actions to FPDS about 90 days late, so a fiscal year is ranked once they're in, in February, and the list doesn't change after.
• Rank changes compare with FY2023. "New" marks a company outside that period's top 500, and "Returned" one of those that was on an earlier fiscal year's list.
• Rank lines show each company's rank on every fiscal year's list since FY2021, #1 at the top, on a scale that gives the top of the list more room. A dashed stretch spans years it wasn't on the list. The step from FY2023 takes the color of the rank change beside it.
• Placeholder recipients FPDS uses when it names no company ("Miscellaneous Foreign Contractors" and the like) aren't ranked.

Quick answers