312000_Earth_Moving_B494.pdf

EARTH MOVING 312000 - 1

MAINE AIR NATIONAL GUARD

BANGOR, MAINE

PROJECT No. FKNN152124

SECTION 312000 - EARTH MOVING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Statement of Work, apply to this Section.

1.2 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following:

1. Preparing subgrades for sidewalks, pavements, lawns and grasses.

2. Sub-base and base courses.

3. Crushed stone.

4. Geotextile fabrics for sub-drainage.

5. Warning and identification tape.

B. Related Sections:

1. Section 015000 "Temporary Controls" for temporary controls and support facilities.

2. Section 311000 "Site Clearing" for temporary erosion and sedimentation control measures, site clearing, grubbing, stripping and stockpiling existing topsoil, and removal of above- and below-grade improvements and utilities.

3. Section 329200 “Turf and Grasses” for finish grading in turf and grass areas, including preparing and placing topsoil.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Backfill: Soil material used to fill an excavation.

B. Base Course: Aggregate layer placed between the sub-base course and finish surface materials.

C. Borrow Soil: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.

D. Drainage Course: Aggregate layer supporting the slab-on-grade that also minimizes upward capillary flow of pore water.

E. Drainage Fill: Material placed around subsurface drainage piping to promote drainage of groundwater.

F. Excavation: Removal of material encountered above subgrade elevations and to lines and dimensions indicated.

1. Authorized Additional Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions as directed by Contracting Officer. Authorized additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions for changes in the work.

1402474072N Typewritten Text Attachment 4

1402474072N Typewritten Text 28 June2016

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2. Bulk Excavation: Excavation more than 10 feet in width and more than 30 feet in length.

3. Unauthorized Excavation: Excavation below subgrade elevations or beyond indicated lines and dimensions without direction by Contracting Officer. Unauthorized excavation, as well as remedial work directed by Contracting Officer, shall be without additional compensation.

G. Fill: Soil materials used to raise existing grades.

H. Rock: Rock material in beds, ledges, unstratified masses, conglomerate deposits, and boulders of rock material 2 cu. yd. or more in volume that exceed a standard penetration resistance of 100 blows/2 inches when tested by an independent geotechnical testing agency, according to ASTM D 1586.

I. Sub-base Course: Course placed between the subgrade and aggregate base course, or course placed between the subgrade and a cement concrete slab or pad.

J. Subgrade: Surface or elevation remaining after completing excavation, or top surface of a fill or backfill immediately below sub-base, drainage fill, or topsoil materials.

K. Utilities: On-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables, as well as underground services within buildings.

1.4 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Submittals shall comply with the requirements of the Construction Contract Clauses, Statement of Work and the individual sections specifying the work.

B. Product Data: For the following:

1. Warning tape.

2. Geotextile.

C. Material Test Reports: For each on-site and borrow soil material proposed for fill, backfill, and aggregate courses as follows:

1. Classification according to ASTM D 2487 for each on-site and borrow soil material proposed for satisfactory soil.

2. Laboratory gradation analysis in accordance with ASTM C 117 and C 136 for each material proposed for aggregate and stone.

3. Laboratory compaction curve according to ASTM D 1557 for each on-site or borrow material proposed for soil, aggregate and stone.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Geotechnical Testing Agency Qualifications: Qualified according to ASTM E 329 and ASTM

D 3740 for testing indicated.

B. Pre-excavation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site.

1.6 PROJECT CONDITIONS

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A. Traffic: Minimize interference with adjoining roads, streets, walks and other adjacent occupied or used facilities during earth moving operations.

1. Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, or other adjacent occupied or used facilities without permission from Government and authorities having jurisdiction.

2. Provide alternative routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required by Government or authorities having jurisdiction.

B. Utility Locator Service: Contact 101st Civil Engineer Squadron at 404-7307 and obtain utility clearance prior to commencing excavation operations on the site. Also contact "DIGSAFE" at 1-888-344-7233 and obtain a DIGSAFE permit prior to commencing excavation operations on the site.

C. Do not commence earth moving operations until temporary erosion- and sedimentation-control measures are in place.

D. The following practices are prohibited within protection zones:

1. Storage of construction materials, debris, or excavated material.

2. Parking vehicles or equipment.

3. Excavation or other digging unless otherwise indicated.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 SOIL MATERIALS

A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not available from excavations.

B. Base Material: Aggregate for base shall conform to the Maine Department of Transportation

Standard Specifications, Highways and Bridges, (MDOT), Subsection 703.06, Type A.

C. Satisfactory Soils: ASTM D 2487 Soil Classification Groups GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC or a combination of these groups; free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious matter.

D. Unsatisfactory Soils: Soil Classification Groups CL, ML, OL, CH, MH, OH, and PT according to ASTM D 2487, or a combination of these groups.

1. Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 2 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction.

E. Sub-base Material: Aggregate for sub-base shall conform to the MDOT, Subsection 703.06, Type

D. Aggregate for sub-base shall not contain particles of rock which will not pass the 4 inch square mesh sieve.

F. Structural Fill: Aggregate for structural fill shall be sand or gravel of hard durable particles, free from vegetable matter, lumps or balls of clay and other deleterious substances and shall conform to the following gradation:

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Screen or Sieve Size Percent Passing

4 inches 100 3 inches 90-100 1/4 inch 25-90 No. 40 0-30 No. 200 0-5

1. Maximum particle size shall be limited to 3 inches within three feet of foundation walls, footings and floor slabs, or if compacted by hand-guided equipment.

G. Bedding Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel, crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2321, Class IB or II, except with 100 percent passing a 1-inch sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

J. Drainage Fill and Drainage Course: Narrowly graded mixture of washed crushed stone, or crushed or uncrushed gravel, free of organic matter, soft disintegrated pieces and other deleterious substances, and conforming to the following gradation (ASTM D 448, Size Number 57):

Screen or Sieve Size Percent Passing

1-1/2 inch 100 1 inch 95-100

1/2 inch 25-60 No. 4 0-10 No. 8 0-5

K. Crushed Stone: Shall be rock of uniform quality and shall consist of angular fragments of quarried rock, free from soft disintegrated pieces or other objectionable matter conforming to the following gradation (ASTM D 448. Size Number 5):

Sieve Size Percent Finer by Weight 1-1/2 inch 100

1 inch 90-100 3/4 inch 20-55 1/2 inch 0-10 3/8 inch 0-5

2.2 GEOTEXTILES

A. Geotextile: Nonwoven needle-punched geotextile, manufactured for subsurface drainage applications, made from polyolefins or polyesters; with elongation greater than 50 percent;

complying with AASHTO M 288 and the following, measured per test methods referenced:

1. Survivability: Class 2; AASHTO M 288.

2. Grab Tensile Strength: 120 lbf; ASTM D 4632.

3. Grab Elongation: 50%; ASTM D 4632.

4. Tear Strength: 50 lbf; ASTM D 4533.

5. Puncture Strength: 70 lbf; ASTM D 4833.

6. Apparent Opening Size: No. 70 sieve, maximum; ASTM D 4751.

7. Permeability: 0.2 centimeters per second, minimum; ASTM D 4491.

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8. UV Stability: 70 percent after 500 hours' exposure; ASTM D 4355.

2.3 ACCESSORIES

A. Detectable Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant polyethylene film warning tape manufactured for marking and identifying underground utilities, a minimum of 6 inches wide and 4 mils thick, continuously inscribed with a description of the utility, with metallic core encased in a protective jacket for corrosion protection, detectable by metal detector when tape is buried up to 30 inches deep; colored as follows:

1. Red: Electric.

2. Orange: Telephone or other communications.

3. Blue: Water systems.

4. Green: Sewer systems.

5. Yellow: Natural gas.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Protect structures, utilities, surfaces, vegetation, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

B. Preparation of subgrade for earthwork operations including removal of vegetation, topsoil, debris, obstructions, and deleterious materials from ground surface is specified in Section 311000 "Site Clearing."

C. Inspect, repair, and maintain erosion and sedimentation control measures during construction until permanent vegetation has been established.

D. Protect subgrades and soils from freezing temperatures and frost. Remove temporary protection before placing subsequent materials.

3.2 DEWATERING

A. Prevent surface water and ground water from entering excavations, from ponding on prepared subgrades, and from flooding Project site and surrounding area.

B. Protect subgrades from softening, undermining, washout, and damage by rain or water accumulation.

1. Reroute surface water runoff away from excavated areas. Do not allow water to accumulate in excavations. Do not use excavated trenches as temporary drainage ditches.

2. Install a dewatering system to keep subgrades dry and convey ground water away from excavations. Maintain until dewatering is no longer required.

3.3 EXPLOSIVES

A. Explosives: Do not use explosives.

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3.4 EXCAVATION, GENERAL

A. Unclassified Excavation: Excavate to subgrade elevations regardless of the character of surface and subsurface conditions encountered. Unclassified excavated materials may include rock, soil materials, and obstructions. No changes in the Contract Sum or the Contract Time will be authorized for rock excavation or removal of obstructions.

1. If excavated materials intended for fill and backfill include unsatisfactory soil materials and rock, replace with satisfactory soil materials.

3.5 EXCAVATION FOR WALKS AND PAVEMENTS

A. Excavate under walks and pavements to indicated lines, cross sections, elevations, and subgrades.

3.6 SUBGRADE INSPECTION

A. Notify Contracting Officer when excavations have reached required subgrade.

B. If Contracting Officer determines that unsatisfactory soil is present, continue excavation and replace with compacted backfill or structural fill material as directed.

C. Authorized additional excavation and replacement material will be paid for according to Contract provisions for changes in the Work.

D. Reconstruct subgrades damaged by freezing temperatures, frost, rain, accumulated water, or construction activities, as directed by Contracting Officer, without additional compensation.

3.7 STORAGE OF SOIL MATERIALS

A. Stockpile borrow soil materials and excavated satisfactory soil materials without intermixing.

Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust.

1. Stockpile soil materials away from edge of excavations. Do not store within drip line of trees.

3.8 BACKFILL

A. Place and compact backfill in excavations promptly, but not before completing the following:

1. Construction below finish grade including, where applicable, sub-drainage and damp-proofing.

2. Surveying locations of underground utilities for Record Documents.

3. Removing trash and debris.

4. Installing indicated structural elements.

B. Place backfill on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

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3.9 FILL

A. Plow, scarify, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so fill material will bond with existing material.

B. Place and compact fill material in layers to required elevations as follows:

1. Under grass and planted areas, use satisfactory soil material.

2. Under walks and pavements, use satisfactory soil material.

C. Place soil fills on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

3.10 SOIL MOISTURE CONTROL

A. Uniformly moisten or aerate subgrade and each subsequent fill or backfill soil layer before compaction to within 2 percent of optimum moisture content.

1. Do not place backfill or fill soil material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost or ice.

2. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry, otherwise suitable soil material that exceeds optimum moisture content by 2 percent and is too wet to compact to specified dry unit weight.

3.11 COMPACTION OF SOIL BACKFILLS AND FILLS

A. Place backfill and fill soil materials in layers not more than 8 inches in loose depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 4 inches in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers.

B. Compact soil materials to not less than the following percentages of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 1557:

1. Under pavements, compact each layer of backfill or fill material at 95 percent.

2. Under walks, compact each layer of backfill or fill material at 95 percent.

3. Under turf or unpaved areas, compact each layer of backfill or fill material at 85 percent.

3.12 GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free of irregular surface changes. Comply with compaction requirements and grade to cross sections, lines, and elevations indicated.

1. Provide a smooth transition between adjacent existing grades and new grades.

2. Cut out soft spots, fill low spots, and trim high spots to comply with required surface tolerances.

B. Site Grading: Slope grades to direct water away from structures and to prevent ponding. Finish subgrades to required elevations within the following tolerances:

1. Lawn or Unpaved Areas: Plus or minus 1 inch.

2. Pavement Areas: Plus or minus 1/2 inch.

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3.13 SUBBASE AND BASE COURSES

A. Install sub-base and base course in accordance with the construction requirements of

MDOT Section 304, except as modified herein.

B. On prepared subgrade, place sub-base and base course as follows:

1. Place sub-base and base course on a compacted subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.

2. Shape sub-base and base to required crown elevations and cross-slope grades.

3. Place sub-base and base course 6 inches or less in compacted thickness in a single layer.

4. Place sub-base and base course that exceeds 6 inches in compacted thickness in layers of equal thickness, with no compacted layer more than 6 inches thick or less than 3 inches thick.

5. Compact sub-base and base course at optimum moisture content to required grades, lines, cross sections, and thickness to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 1557.

3.14 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Testing Agency: Engage a qualified independent geotechnical engineering testing agency to perform field quality-control testing.

B. Allow testing agency to inspect and test subgrades and each fill and backfill layer. Proceed with subsequent earthwork only after test results for previously completed work comply with requirements.

C. Testing agency will test compaction of soils in place according to ASTM D 1556, ASTM

D 2167, ASTM D 2922, and ASTM D 2937, as applicable. Tests will be performed at the following locations and frequencies:

1. Paved Areas: At subgrade and at each compacted layer, at least one test for every 2000

sq. ft. or less of paved area building slab, but in no case fewer than three tests.

D. When testing agency reports that subgrades, fills, or backfills have not achieved degree of compaction specified, scarify and moisten or aerate, or remove and replace soil to depth required;

re-compact and retest until specified compaction is obtained.

3.15 PROTECTION

A. Protecting Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic, freezing, and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris.

B. Repair and reestablish grades to specified tolerances where completed or partially completed surfaces become eroded, rutted, settled, or where they lose compaction due to subsequent construction operations or weather conditions.

1. Scarify or remove and replace soil material to depth as directed by Contracting Officer;

reshape and re-compact.

C. Where settling occurs before Project correction period elapses, remove finished surfacing, backfill with additional soil material, compact, and reconstruct surfacing.

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1. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of finished surfacing to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of restoration to greatest extent possible.

3.16 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND WASTE MATERIALS

A. Disposal: Remove surplus satisfactory soil and waste material, including unsatisfactory soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of it off Government's property.

END OF SECTION