Am_0003.pdf
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- Solicitation number
- W9128F-19-B-0008
About this file
This federal contract opportunity notice provides details for the Renovation of the Wing Command Post 90 in Building 250 at F.E. Warren Air Force Base in Wyoming. The project involves renovating approximately two-thirds of the basement, including removing a portion of the concrete floor slab in the north wing, lowering the slab elevation, and pouring a new concrete slab. Additional work includes demolishing interior partitions, finishes, restrooms and associated utilities to construct a new floor plan, as well as installing new walls, restrooms, doors, finishes and utilities. The solicitation is expected to be issued on or around September 20, 2019 and will close on or around October 20, 2019. This is a 100% small business set-aside. The estimated construction cost is between $1 million and $5 million. The contractor must commence work within 10 days of notice to proceed and complete the project within 365 calendar days. Performance and payment bonds are required.
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| File | Type | Posted |
|---|---|---|
| 19B0008 (OF 1419A) Page 3.pdf | ||
| 19B0008 (OF 1419A) Page 2.pdf | ||
| 19B0008 (OF 1419).pdf | ||
| Am_0004.pdf | ||
| BIM File Instructions.pdf | ||
| Am_0003-Drawings.pdf | ||
| Am_0002.pdf | ||
| Am_0001.pdf | ||
| W9128F19B0008-Drawings.PDF | ||
| W9128F19B0008-Specs.pdf |
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Offers must acknowledge receipt of this amendment prior to the hour and date specified in the solicitation or as amended, by one of the following methods:
(a) By completing items 8 and 15, and returning or (c) By separate letter or electronic communication which includes a reference to the solicitation and amendment numbers. FAILURE OF YOUR ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO BE RECEIVED AT THE PLACE DESIGNATED FOR THE RECEIPT OF OFFERS PRIOR TO THE HOUR AND DATE SPECIFIED MAY RESULT IN REJECTION OF YOUR OFFER. If by virtue of this amendment you desire to change an offer already submitted, such change may be made by letter or electronic communication, provided each letter or electronic communication makes reference to the solicitation and this amendment, and is received prior to the opening hour and date specified.
E. IMPORTANT: Contractor is not is required to sign this document and return copies to the issuing office.
AMENDMENT OF SOLICITATION/MODIFICATION OF CONTRACT 1. CONTRACT ID CODE
2. AMENDMENT/MODIFICATION NUMBER 3. EFFECTIVE DATE 4. REQUISITION/PURCHASE REQUISITION NUMBER 5. PROJECT NUMBER (If applicable)
7. ADMINISTERED BY (If other than Item 6) CODE
STANDARD FORM 30 (REV. 11/2016)
Prescribed by GSA FAR (48 CFR) 53.243
FACILITY CODE
9A. AMENDMENT OF SOLICITATION NUMBER
9B. DATED (SEE ITEM 11)
10A. MODIFICATION OF CONTRACT/ORDER NUMBER
10B. DATED (SEE ITEM 13)
11. THIS ITEM ONLY APPLIES TO AMENDMENTS OF SOLICITATIONS
The above numbered solicitation is amended as set forth in Item 14. The hour and date specified for receipt of Offers is extended. is not extended.
12. ACCOUNTING AND APPROPRIATION DATA (If required) copies of the amendment; (b) By acknowledging receipt of this amendment on each copy of the offer submitted;
13. THIS ITEM APPLIES ONLY TO MODIFICATIONS OF CONTRACTS/ORDERS.
IT MODIFIES THE CONTRACT/ORDER NUMBER AS DESCRIBED IN ITEM 14.
CHECK ONE A. THIS CHANGE ORDER IS ISSUED PURSUANT TO: (Specify authority) THE CHANGES SET FORTH IN ITEM 14 ARE MADE IN THE CONTRACT ORDER
NUMBER IN ITEM 10A.
B. THE ABOVE NUMBERED CONTRACT/ORDER IS MODIFIED TO REFLECT THE ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES (such as changes in paying office, appropriation data, etc.) SET FORTH IN ITEM 14, PURSUANT TO THE AUTHORITY OF FAR 43.103(b).
C. THIS SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT IS ENTERED INTO PURSUANT TO AUTHORITY OF:
D. OTHER (Specify type of modification and authority)
Except as provided herein, all terms and conditions of the document referenced in Item 9A or 10A, as heretofore changed, remains unchanged and in full force and effect.
15C. DATE SIGNED
15A. NAME AND TITLE OF SIGNER (Type or print)
16C. DATE SIGNED
16A. NAME AND TITLE OF CONTRACTING OFFICER (Type or print)
14. DESCRIPTION OF AMENDMENT/MODIFICATION (Organized by UCF section headings, including solicitation/contract subject matter where feasible.)
PAGE OF PAGES
6. ISSUED BY CODE
8. NAME AND ADDRESS OF CONTRACTOR (Number, street, county, State and ZIP Code) (X)
CODE
15B. CONTRACTOR/OFFEROR
(Signature of person authorized to sign)
16B. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(Signature of Contracting Officer)
Previous edition unusable
Amendment No. 0003 W9128F
RENOVATE WING COMMAND POST 90, MW BUILDING 250 AT F.E. WARREN AIR FORCE BASE, WYOMING
See attached documentation for content of the amendment revisions to solicitation
Date for receipt of bids is 11 DEC 2019 at 1400 hours
Government Point of Contact: Mr. Philip Robinson, Contract Specialist (e-mail via philip.b.robinson@usace.army.mil)
U.S ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, OMAHA DISTRICT
CONTRACTING OFFICE
5475 TECH CENTER DRIVE, SUITE 205
COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80919
See Item 6
W9128F-19-B-0008
12/05/2019
09/23/2019
12/05/2019
Am #0003 - 2 (Continuation of SF 30)
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Omaha District, Corps of Engineers
1616 Capitol Avenue Omaha, Nebraska 68102-4901
:NOTICE: Failure to acknowledge : Solicitation No. W9128F-19-B-0008 :all amendments may cause rejec-:
:tion of the bid. See FAR : Date of Issue: 23 SEP 2019 :52.214-3 of Section 00 21 00. : Date of Opening:
11 DEC 2019
Amendment No. 0003
5 DEC 2019
SUBJECT: Amendment No. 0003 to Specifications and Drawings for Construction of RENOVATE WING COMMAND POST 90, MW BUILDING 250 AT FE WARREN AFB, WY
TO: Prospective Offerors and Others Concerned
1. The specifications and drawings for subject project are hereby modified as follows (revise all specification indices, attachment lists, and drawing indices accordingly).
a. Specifications (New and/or Revised and Reissued). Delete and substitute or add specification pages as noted below. The substituted pages are revised and reissued with this amendment. For convenience, in revised specification sections marked with asterisks below, changes have been identified with underlining and strikethrough text. All portions of revised specifications shall apply regardless of the accuracy of this identification effort.
Pages Deleted Pages Substituted or Added 02 82 13.00 10 02 82 13.00 10* 09 65 00 09 65 00*
b. Drawings (Reissued). The following drawing(s) are revised with a revision date as indicated in the title block, and reissued with this amendment.
(1) Sheet FE98A-100, NEW BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN - COMPOSITE
(2) Sheet FE98A-101, NEW BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN – AREA ‘A’
(3) Sheet FE98A-102, NEW BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN – AREA ‘B’
(4) Sheet FE98A-103, NEW BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN – AREA ‘C’,
(5) Sheet FE98A-130, REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
(6) Sheet FE98A-500, WALL TYPES
(7) Sheet FE98A-600, DOOR SCHEDULE, WINDOW SCHEDULE AND ROOM
FINISH SCHEDULE
2. This amendment is a part of the bidding papers and its receipt shall be acknowledged on the Standard Form 1442. All other conditions and requirements of the specifications remain unchanged.
3. Bids will be received until 2:00 p.m., local time at place of bid opening, 11 DEC 2019.
Attachments:
Am #0003 - 3 (Continuation of SF 30)
Specification Page(s) listed in 1.a., above FOR INFORMATION ONLY (FIO) Typical Existing Slab/Foundation Condition Detail FIO Site Visit Sign-in Sheet Drawings listed in 1.b., above (under separate cover) FIO CAD-BIM Files (under separate cover)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District 1616 Capitol Avenue Omaha, Nebraska 68102-4901
5 DEC 2019
jlb/2099
Renovate Building 250, F.E. Warren AFB, WY FE98
SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS
DIVISION 02 - EXISTING CONDITIONS
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10
ASBESTOS ABATEMENT
02/10
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 PAYMENT PROCEDURES
1.2 REFERENCES
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 Amended Water
1.3.2 Asbestos-Containing Material (ACM)
1.3.3 Authorized Person
1.3.4 Building Inspector
1.3.5 Class I Asbestos Work
1.3.6 Class II Asbestos Work
1.3.7 Class III Asbestos Work
1.3.8 Class IV Asbestos Work
1.3.9 Clean Room
1.3.10 Competent Person
1.3.11 Contractor/Supervisor
1.3.12 Critical Barrier
1.3.13 Decontamination Area
1.3.14 Demolition
1.3.15 Disposal Bag
1.3.16 Disturbance
1.3.17 Equipment Room or Area
1.3.18 Fiber
1.3.19 Friable ACM
1.3.20 Glovebag
1.3.21 High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter
1.3.22 Intact
1.3.23 Model Accreditation Plan (MAP)
1.3.24 Negative Initial Exposure Assessment
1.3.25 NESHAP
1.3.26 Nonfriable ACM
1.3.27 Nonfriable ACM (Category I)
1.3.28 Nonfriable ACM (Category II)
1.3.29 Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
1.3.29.1 PEL-Time Weighted Average(TWA)
1.3.29.2 PEL-Excursion Limit
1.3.30 Regulated Area
1.3.31 Removal
1.3.32 Surfacing ACM
1.3.33 Thermal System Insulation (TSI) ACM
1.3.34 Transite
1.3.35 Worker
1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.4.1 Unexpected Discovery of Asbestos
1.5 SUBMITTALS
1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 1
Am_0003
1.6.1 Written Qualifications and Organization Report
1.6.2 Specific Requirements
1.6.3 Federal, State or Local Citations on Previous Projects
1.6.4 Preconstruction Conference
1.7 SAFETY
1.7.1 Asbestos Hazard Abatement Plan Appendix
1.7.2 Activity Hazard Analyses Appendix
1.7.3 Local Exhaust System
1.8 SECURITY
1.8.1 Licenses, Permits and Notifications
1.8.2 Regulated Areas
1.8.3 Warning Signs and Tape
1.8.4 Warning Labels
1.9 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS
1.9.1 Respiratory Protection Program
1.9.2 Respiratory Fit Testing
1.9.3 Respirator Selection and Use Requirements
1.9.4 Personal Protective Equipment
1.9.5 Whole Body Protection
1.9.5.1 Coveralls
1.9.5.2 Gloves
1.9.5.3 Foot Coverings
1.9.5.4 Head Covering
1.9.5.5 Protective Eye Wear
1.10 HYGIENE
1.10.1 Smoking
1.11 TRAINING PROGRAM
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 ENCAPSULANTS
2.2 EXPENDABLE SUPPLIES
2.2.1 Glovebag
2.2.2 Duct Tape
2.2.3 Disposal Containers
2.2.4 Sheet Plastic
2.2.5 Mastic Removing Solvent
2.2.6 Leak-tight Wrapping
2.2.7 Viewing Inspection Window
2.2.8 Wetting Agents
2.3 EQUIPMENT
2.3.1 Scales
2.3.2 Tools
2.3.3 Rental Equipment
2.3.4 Air Monitoring Equipment
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.2 PROTECTION OF ADJACENT WORK OR AREAS TO REMAIN
3.3 OBJECTS
3.3.1 Stationary Objects
3.4 BUILDING VENTILATION SYSTEM AND CRITICAL BARRIERS
3.5 METHODS OF COMPLIANCE
3.5.1 Mandated Practices
3.5.2 Control Methods
3.5.3 Unacceptable Practices
3.5.4 Class I Work Procedures
3.5.5 Specific Control Methods for Class I Work
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 2
3.5.5.1 Negative Pressure Enclosure (NPE) System
3.5.5.2 Glovebag Systems
3.5.5.3 Mini-Enclosures
3.5.5.4 Wrap and Cut Operation
3.5.6 Class II Work
3.5.7 Specific Control Methods for Class II Work
3.5.7.1 Vinyl and Asphalt Flooring Materials
3.5.8 Specific Control Methods for Class III Work
3.5.9 Specific Control Methods for Class IV Work
3.5.10 Sealing Contaminated Items Designated for Disposal
3.6 FINAL CLEANING AND VISUAL INSPECTION
3.7 LOCKDOWN
3.8 EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND AIR MONITORING
3.8.1 General Requirements
3.8.2 Initial Exposure Assessment
3.8.3 Environmental Air Monitoring During Abatement
3.8.4 Final Clearance Air Monitoring
3.8.4.1 Final Clearance Requirements, NIOSH PCM Method
3.8.4.2 Air Clearance Failure
3.8.5 Air-Monitoring Results and Documentation
3.9 CLEARANCE CERTIFICATION
3.10 CLEANUP AND DISPOSAL
3.10.1 Responsibility for ACM Materials
3.10.2 Collection and Disposal of Asbestos
3.10.3 Records and Management Plan
3.10.3.1 Asbestos Waste Shipment Records
3.10.3.2 Asbestos Management Plan
ATTACHMENTS:
"Certificate of Workers Acknowledgment"
Training course completion certificates
Table 3
Table 2
-- End of Section Table of Contents --
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 3
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10
ASBESTOS ABATEMENT
02/10
Attachment: Asbestos Survey, August 2016
PART 1 GENERAL
Asbestos-containing materials (ACM) are present in areas where contract work is to be performed. Review attached report for types of material containing asbestos. Asbestos-containing materials that are impacted by renovation activities shall be removed, handled, and disposed of in accordance with this section.
Review the asbestos survey attachment for the types of material that contain asbestos. Review the demolition drawings for materials to be demolished and removed. Assume that drywall and ceiling materials, vinyl floor tiles and associated mastic, and hard pipe joints contain asbestos and handle these materials in accordance with this specification section where they are required to be removed. Asbestos-containing floor tiles may be present under raised flooring. Asbestos-containing pipe joints may be present above hard ceilings and inside walls.
1.1 PAYMENT PROCEDURES
Submit copies of weight bills and delivery tickets for payment to the Contracting Officer during the progress of the work. Furnish scale tickets for each load of ACM weighed and certified. These tickets shall include tare weight; identification mark for each vehicle weighed; and date, time and location of loading and unloading. Tickets shall be furnished at the point and time individual trucks arrive at the worksite.
A master log of all vehicle loading shall be furnished for each day of loading operations. Before the final statement is allowed, file with the Contracting Officer certified weigh bills and/or certified tickets and manifests of all ACM actually disposed by the Contractor for this contract.
1.2 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SANITARY ENGINEERING (ASSE)
ASSE Z9.2 (2012) Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Ventilation Systems
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM D4397 (2016) Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting for Construction, Industrial, and Agricultural Applications
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 4
ASTM E1368 (2014) Visual Inspection of Asbestos Abatement Projects
COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION (CGA)
CGA G-7 (2014) Compressed Air for Human Respiration; 6th Edition
INTERNATIONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATION (ISEA)
ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 (2015) Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (NIOSH)
NIOSH 2003-154 (2003; 4th Ed; Supple 3) NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)
EM 385-1-1 (2014) Safety and Health Requirements Manual
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
EPA 340/1-90/018 (1990) Asbestos/NESHAP Regulated Asbestos Containing Materials Guidance
U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA)
29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection
29 CFR 1910.147 Control of Hazardous Energy (Lock Out/Tag Out)
29 CFR 1926.1101 Asbestos
29 CFR 1926.32 Safety and Health Regulations for Construction - Definition
40 CFR 61 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
40 CFR 763 Asbestos
42 CFR 84 Approval of Respiratory Protective Devices
49 CFR 107 Hazardous Materials Program Procedures
49 CFR 171 General Information, Regulations, and Definitions
49 CFR 172 Hazardous Materials Table, Special Provisions, Hazardous Materials Communications, Emergency Response Information, and Training Requirements
49 CFR 173 Shippers - General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 5
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL)
UL 586 (2009; Reprint Sep 2014) Standard for High-Efficiency Particulate, Air Filter Units
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Air Quality Division, General Emission Standards, Chapter 3
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Solid Waste Management, Special Waste Management Standards, Chapter 8
1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 Amended Water
Water containing a wetting agent or surfactant with a surface tension of at least 29 dynes per square centimeter.
1.3.2 Asbestos-Containing Material (ACM)
Any materials containing more than one percent asbestos.
1.3.3 Authorized Person
Any person authorized by the Contractor and required by work duties to be present in the regulated areas.
1.3.4 Building Inspector
Individual who inspects buildings for asbestos and has EPA Model Accreditation Plan (MAP) "Building Inspector" training; accreditation required by 40 CFR 763 , Subpart E, Appendix C, has EPA/State certification/license as a "Building Inspector".
1.3.5 Class I Asbestos Work
Activities defined by OSHA involving the removal of thermal system insulation (TSI) and surfacing ACM.
1.3.6 Class II Asbestos Work
Activities defined by OSHA involving the removal of ACM which is not thermal system insulation or surfacing material. This includes, but is not limited to, the removal of asbestos - containing wallboard, floor tile and sheeting, roofing and siding shingles, and construction mastic.
Certain "incidental" roofing materials such as mastic, flashing and cements when they are still intact are excluded from Class II asbestos work. Removal of small amounts of these materials which would fit into a glovebag may be classified as a Class III job.
1.3.7 Class III Asbestos Work
Activities defined by OSHA that involve repair and maintenance operations, where ACM, including TSI and surfacing ACM, is likely to be disturbed.
Operations may include drilling, abrading, cutting a hole, cable pulling, crawling through tunnels or attics and spaces above the ceiling, where asbestos is actively disturbed or asbestos-containing debris is actively
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 6 disturbed.
1.3.8 Class IV Asbestos Work
Maintenance and custodial construction activities during which employees contact but do not disturb ACM and activities to clean-up dust, waste and debris resulting from Class I, II, and III activities. This may include dusting surfaces where ACM waste and debris and accompanying dust exists and cleaning up loose ACM debris from TSI or surfacing ACM following construction
1.3.9 Clean Room
An uncontaminated room having facilities for the storage of employees' street clothing and uncontaminated materials and equipment.
1.3.10 Competent Person
In addition to the definition in 29 CFR 1926.32 (f), a person who is capable of identifying existing asbestos hazards as defined in 29 CFR 1926.1101 , selecting the appropriate control strategy, has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them and has EPA Model Accreditation Plan (MAP) "Contractor/Supervisor" training; has EPA/State certification/license as a "Contractor/Supervisor".
1.3.11 Contractor/Supervisor
Individual who supervises asbestos abatement work and has EPA Model Accreditation Plan "Contractor/Supervisor" training; has EPA/State certification as a "Contractor/Supervisor".
1.3.12 Critical Barrier
One or more layers of plastic sealed over all openings into a regulated area or any other similarly placed physical barrier sufficient to prevent airborne asbestos in a regulated area from migrating to an adjacent area.
1.3.13 Decontamination Area
An enclosed area adjacent and connected to the regulated area and consisting of an equipment room, shower area, and clean room, which is used for the decontamination of workers, materials, and equipment that are contaminated with asbestos.
1.3.14 Demolition
The wrecking or taking out of any load-supporting structural member and any related razing, removing, or stripping of asbestos products.
1.3.15 Disposal Bag
A 6 mil thick, leak-tight plastic bag, pre-labeled in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1101 , used for transporting asbestos waste from containment to disposal site.
1.3.16 Disturbance
Activities that disrupt the matrix of ACM, crumble or pulverize ACM, or generate visible debris from ACM. Disturbance includes cutting away small
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 7 amounts of ACM, no greater than the amount which can be contained in 1 standard sized glovebag or waste bag, not larger than 60 inches in length and width in order to access a building component.
1.3.17 Equipment Room or Area
An area adjacent to the regulated area used for the decontamination of employees and their equipment.
1.3.18 Fiber
A fibrous particulate, 5 micrometers or longer, with a length to width ratio of at least 3 to 1.
1.3.19 Friable ACM
A term defined in 40 CFR 61 , Subpart M and EPA 340/1-90/018 meaning any material which contains more than 1 percent asbestos, as determined using the method specified in 40 CFR 763 , Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), that when dry, can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure.
1.3.20 Glovebag
Not more than a 60 by 60 inch impervious plastic bag-like enclosure affixed around an asbestos-containing material, with glove-like appendages through which material and tools may be handled.
1.3.21 High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filter
A filter capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97 percent of all mono-dispersed particles of 0.3 micrometers in diameter.
1.3.22 Intact
ACM which has not crumbled, been pulverized, or otherwise deteriorated so that the asbestos is no longer likely to be bound with its matrix.
Removal of "intact" asphaltic, resinous, cementitious products does not render the ACM non-intact simply by being separated into smaller pieces.
1.3.23 Model Accreditation Plan (MAP)
USEPA training accreditation requirements for persons who work with asbestos as specified in 40 CFR 763 .
1.3.24 Negative Initial Exposure Assessment
A demonstration by the Contractor to show that employee exposure during an operation is expected to be consistently below the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs).
1.3.25 NESHAP
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. The USEPA NESHAP regulation for asbestos is at 40 CFR 61 , Subpart M.
1.3.26 Nonfriable ACM
A NESHAP term defined in 40 CFR 61 , Subpart M and EPA 340/1-90/018 meaning
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 8 any material containing more than 1 percent asbestos that, when dry, cannot be crumbled, pulverized or reduced to powder by hand pressure.
1.3.27 Nonfriable ACM (Category I)
A NESHAP term defined in 40 CFR 61 , Subpart E and EPA 340/1-90/018 meaning asbestos-containing packings, gaskets, resilient floor covering, and asphalt roofing products containing more than 1 percent asbestos.
1.3.28 Nonfriable ACM (Category II)
A NESHAP term defined in 40 CFR 61 , Subpart E and EPA 340/1-90/018 meaning any material, excluding Category I nonfriable ACM, containing more than 1 percent asbestos.
1.3.29 Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
1.3.29.1 PEL-Time Weighted Average(TWA)
Concentration of asbestos not in excess of 0.1 fibers per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc) as an 8 hour time weighted average (TWA).
1.3.29.2 PEL-Excursion Limit
An airborne concentration of asbestos not in excess of 1.0 f/cc of air as averaged over a sampling period of 30 minutes.
1.3.30 Regulated Area
An OSHA term defined in 29 CFR 1926.1101 meaning an area established by the Contractor to demarcate areas where Class I, II, and III asbestos work is conducted; also any adjoining area where debris and waste from such asbestos work accumulate; and an area within which airborne concentrations of asbestos exceed, or there is a reasonable possibility they may exceed, the permissible exposure limit.
1.3.31 Removal
All operations where ACM is taken out or stripped from structures or substrates, and includes demolition operations.
1.3.32 Surfacing ACM
Asbestos-containing material which contains more than 1 percent asbestos and is sprayed-on, troweled-on, or otherwise applied to surfaces, such as acoustical plaster on ceilings and fireproofing materials on structural members, or other materials on surfaces for acoustical, fireproofing, or other purposes.
1.3.33 Thermal System Insulation (TSI) ACM
ACM which contains more than 1 percent asbestos and is applied to pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts, or other interior structural components to prevent heat loss or gain or water condensation.
1.3.34 Transite
A generic name for asbestos cement wallboard and pipe.
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 9
1.3.35 Worker
Individual (not designated as the Competent Person or a supervisor) who performs asbestos work and has completed asbestos worker training required by 29 CFR 1926.1101 , to include EPA Model Accreditation Plan (MAP) "Worker" training; accreditation if required by the OSHA Class of work to be performed or by the state where the work is to be performed.
1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This section covers all operations in which asbestos-containing materials (ACM) are encountered. These procedures and equipment are required to protect workers and building occupants from airborne asbestos fibers and ACM dust and debris. This section also includes containment, storage, transportation and disposal of the generated ACM wastes. Submit Detailed Drawings and containing descriptions, and site layout to include worksite containment area(s), local exhaust systems locations, decontamination units and load-out units, other temporary waste storage facility, access tunnels, location of temporary utilities (electrical, water, sewer) and boundaries of each regulated area.
1.4.1 Unexpected Discovery of Asbestos
For any previously untested building components suspected to contain asbestos and located in areas impacted by the work, notify the Contracting Officer (CO) who will have the option of ordering up to 6 bulk samples to be obtained at the Contractor's expense and delivered to a laboratory accredited under the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) "National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP)" and analyzed by PLM. If the asbestos content is less than 10 percent, as determined by a method other than point counting, the asbestos content shall be verified by point counting. Any additional components identified as ACM that have been approved by the CO for removal shall be removed and will be paid for by an equitable adjustment to the contract price under the CONTRACT CLAUSE titled "changes". Sampling shall be conducted by personnel who have successfully completed the EPA Model Accreditation Plan (MAP) "Building Inspector" training course and is EPA/State certified/licensed as a "Building Inspector".
1.5 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-02 Shop Drawings
Detailed Drawings ; G, RO
SD-03 Product Data
Asbestos Waste Shipment Records ; G, RO
Weight Bills and Delivery Tickets
Encapsulants ; G, RO
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 10
Respiratory Protection Program ; G, RO
Cleanup and Disposal ; G, RO
Qualifications ; G, RO
Training Program
Licenses, Permits and Notifications
Asbestos Management Plan ; G, RO
SD-06 Test Reports
Exposure Assessment and Air Monitoring
Local Exhaust System
SD-07 Certificates
Local Exhaust System
Medical Surveillance Requirements
1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
In addition to detailed requirements of this specification, work performed under this contract shall comply with EM 385-1-1 , applicable federal, state, and local laws, ordinances, criteria, rules and regulations regarding handling, storing, transporting, and disposing of asbestos waste materials. Matters of interpretation of standards shall be submitted to the appropriate administrative agency for resolution before starting work. Where the requirements of this specification, applicable laws, criteria, ordinances, regulations, and referenced documents vary, the most stringent requirements shall apply. The following state and local laws, rules and regulations apply:
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Air Quality Division, General Emission Standards, Chapter 3
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Solid Waste Management, Special Waste Management Standards, Chapter 8.
1.6.1 Written Qualifications and Organization Report
Submit a written qualifications and organization report providing evidence of qualifications of the Contractor, Contractor's Project Supervisor, Designated Competent Person, supervisors and workers; Designated IH;
independent testing laboratory; all subcontractors to be used including disposal transportation and disposal facility firms, subcontractor supervisors, subcontractor workers ; and any others assigned to perform asbestos abatement and support activities. Include in the report an organization chart showing the Contractor's staff organization chain of command and reporting relationship with all subcontractors. The report shall be signed by the Contractor, the Contractor's onsite project manager, Designated Competent Person, Designated IH, designated testing laboratory and the principals of all subcontractors to be used. Include the following statement in the report: "By signing this report I certify
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 11 that the personnel I am responsible for during the course of this project fully understand the contents of 29 CFR 1926.1101 , 40 CFR 61 , Subpart M, and the federal, state and local requirements for those asbestos abatement activities that they will be involved in."
1.6.2 Specific Requirements
Designate in writing, personnel meeting the following qualifications:
a. Asbestos Abatement Contractor: Certified/licensed by applicable state agencies to perform asbestos-related activities.
b. Designated Competent Person: Qualified in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.32 and 29 CFR 1926.1101 , has EPA MAP "Contractor/Supervisor" training accreditation, has EPA/State certification/license as a "Contractor/Supervisor" and is experienced in the administration and supervision of asbestos abatement projects .
The Designated Competent Person shall be responsible for compliance with applicable federal, state and local requirements, the Contractor's Accident Prevention Plan (APP) and Asbestos Hazard Abatement Plan (AHAP). Submit the "Contractor/Supervisor" course completion certificate and the most recent certificate for required refresher training, EPA/State certification/license with the employee "Certificate of Worker Acknowledgment". Submit evidence that this person has a minimum of 2 years of on-the-job asbestos abatement experience relevant to OSHA competent person requirements. The Designated Competent Person shall be onsite at all times during the conduct of this project.
c. Project and Other Supervisors: Have EPA MAP "Contractor/Supervisor" training accreditation. Submit the "Contractor/Supervisor" course completion certificate and the most recent certificate for required refresher training, EPA/State certification/license with the employee "Certificate of Worker Acknowledgment". Also submit evidence that the Project Supervisor has a minimum of 2 years of on-the-job asbestos abatement experience relevant to project supervisor responsibilities and the other supervisors have a minimum of 1 year on-the-job asbestos abatement experience commensurate with the responsibilities they will have on this project.
d. Designated Industrial Hygienist: Resume for the Industrial Hygienist (IH) selected to prepare the Contractor's AHAP, prepare and perform training, direct air monitoring and assist the Contractor's Competent Person in implementing and ensuring that safety and health requirements are complied with during the performance of all required work. The Designated IH shall be a person who is board certified in the practice of industrial hygiene as determined and documented by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH), has EPA MAP "Contractor/Supervisor" training accreditation, has EPA/State certification/license, and has a minimum of 2 years of comprehensive experience in planning and overseeing asbestos abatement activities.
Submit the "Contractor/Supervisor" course completion certificate and the most recent certificate for required refresher training and EPA/State certification/license with the employee "Certificate of Worker Acknowledgment". The Designated IH shall be completely independent from the Contractor according to federal, state, or local regulations; that is, shall not be a Contractor's employee or be an employee or principal of a firm in a business relationship with the Contractor negating such independent status. A copy of the Designated
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 12
IH's current valid ABIH certification shall be included. The Designated IH shall visit the site as needed for the duration of asbestos activities and shall be available for emergencies. In addition, submit resumes of additional IH's and industrial hygiene technicians (IHT) who will be assisting the Designated IH in performing onsite tasks. IHs and IHTs supporting the Designated IH shall have a minimum of 2 years of practical onsite asbestos abatement experience. Indicate the formal reporting relationship between the Designated IH and the support IHs and IHTs, the Designated Competent Person, and the Contractor.
e. Asbestos Abatement Workers: Meet the requirements contained in 29 CFR 1926.1101 , 40 CFR 61 , Subpart M, and other applicable federal, state and local requirements. Worker training documentation shall be provided as required on the "Certificate of Workers Acknowledgment".
Training documentation is required for each employee who will perform OSHA Class I, Class II, Class III, or Class IV asbestos abatement operations. Such documentation shall be submitted on a Contractor generated form titled "Certificate of Workers Acknowledgment", to be completed for each employee in the same format and containing the same information as the example certificate at the end of this section.
Training course completion certificates (initial and most recent update refresher) required by the information checked on the form shall be attached.
f. Physician: Resume of the physician who will or has performed the medical examinations and evaluations of the persons who will conduct the asbestos abatement work tasks. The physician shall be currently licensed by the state where the workers will be or have been examined, have expertise in pneumoconiosis and shall be responsible for the determination of medical surveillance protocols and for review of examination/test results performed in compliance with 29 CFR 1926.1101 .
The physician shall be familiar with the site's hazards and the scope of this project.
g. Independent Testing Laboratory: identify the independent testing laboratory selected to perform the sample analyses and report the results. The testing laboratory shall be completely independent from the Contractor as recognized by federal, state or local regulations.
Written verification of the following criteria, signed by the testing laboratory principal and the Contractor, shall be submitted:
(1) Phase contrast microscopy (PCM): The laboratory is fully equipped and proficient in conducting PCM of airborne samples using the methods specified by 29 CFR 1926.1101 , OSHA method ID-160, the most current version of NIOSH 2003-154 Method 7400 as shown in Table 3 at the end of this Section. The laboratory shall be currently judged proficient (classified as acceptable) in counting airborne asbestos samples by PCM by successful participation in each of the last 4 rounds in the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program or by participating in the AIHA PAT Program, and being judged proficient in counting samples.
(2) Polarized light microscopy (PLM): The laboratory is fully equipped and proficient in conducting PLM analyses of suspect ACM bulk samples in accordance with 40 CFR 763 , Subpart E, Appendix E;
the laboratory is currently accredited by NIST under the NVLAP for bulk asbestos analysis and will use analysts with demonstrated
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 13 proficiency to conduct PLM analyses.
h. Disposal Facility, Transporter: Written evidence that the landfill to be used is approved for asbestos disposal by the USEPA and state and local regulatory agencies. Copies of signed agreements between the Contractor (including subcontractors and transporters) and the asbestos waste disposal facility to accept and dispose of all asbestos containing waste shall be provided. The Contractor and transporters shall meet the DOT requirements of 49 CFR 171 , 49 CFR 172 , and 49 CFR 173 as well as registration requirements of 49 CFR 107 and other applicable state or local requirements. The disposal facility shall meet the requirements of 40 CFR 61 , Sections .154 or .155, as required in 40 CFR 61 150(b), and other applicable state or local requirements.
1.6.3 Federal, State or Local Citations on Previous Projects
The Contractor and all subcontractors shall submit a statement, signed by an officer of the company, containing a record of any citations issued by Federal, State or local regulatory agencies relating to asbestos activities (including projects, dates, and resolutions); a list of penalties incurred through non-compliance with asbestos project specifications, including liquidated damages, overruns in scheduled time limitations and resolutions; and situations in which an asbestos-related contract has been terminated (including projects, dates, and reasons for terminations). If there are none, a negative declaration signed by an officer of the company shall be provided.
1.6.4 Preconstruction Conference
The Contractor and the Contractor's Designated Competent Person, Project Supervisor, and Designated IH shall meet with the Contracting Officer (CO) prior to beginning work at a safety preconstruction conference to discuss the details of the Contractor's submitted APP to include the AHAP and AHAs appendices. Deficiencies in the APP will be discussed. Onsite work shall not begin until the APP has been accepted.
1.7 SAFETY
Prepare a written comprehensive site-specific Accident Prevention Plan (APP) at least 30 days prior to the preconstruction conference. The APP shall be in accordance with the format and requirements in Appendix A of EM 385-1-1 . The APP shall incorporate an Asbestos Hazard Abatement Plan (AHAP), and Activity Hazard Analyses (AHAs) as separate appendices into one site-specific document. See Section 01 35 26 GOVERNMENT SAFETY REQUIREMENTS for additional requirements.
1.7.1 Asbestos Hazard Abatement Plan Appendix
The AHAP shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
a. The personal protective equipment to be used;
b. The location and description of regulated areas including clean and dirty areas, access tunnels, and decontamination unit (clean room, shower room, equipment room, storage areas such as load-out unit) ;
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c. Initial exposure assessment in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1101 ;
d. Level of supervision;
e. Method of notification of other employers at the worksite;
f. Abatement method to include containment and control procedures;
g. Interface of trades;
h. Sequencing of asbestos related work;
i. Storage and disposal procedures and plan;
j. Type of wetting agent and asbestos encapsulant ;
k. Location of local exhaust equipment;
l. Air monitoring methods (personal, environmental and clearance );
m. Bulk sampling and analytical methods (if required);
n. A detailed description of the method to be employed in order to control the spread of ACM wastes and airborne fiber;
o. Fire and medical emergency response procedures;
p. The security procedures to be used for all regulated areas.
1.7.2 Activity Hazard Analyses Appendix
AHAs for each major phase of work, shall be submitted and updated during the project. The AHAs format shall be in accordance EM 385-1-1 . The analysis shall define the activities to be performed for a major phase of work, identify the sequence of work, the specific hazards anticipated, and the control measures to be implemented to eliminate or reduce each hazard to an acceptable level. Work shall not proceed on that phase until the AHA has been accepted and a preparatory meeting has been conducted by the Contractor to discuss its contents with everyone engaged in the activities, including the onsite Government representatives. The AHAs shall be continuously reviewed and, when appropriate, modified to address changing site conditions or operations.
1.7.3 Local Exhaust System
Local exhaust units shall conform to ASSE Z9.2 and 29 CFR 1926.1101 .
Filters on local exhaust system equipment shall conform to ASSE Z9.2 and UL 586 . Filter shall be UL labeled. Submit pressure differential recordings and Manufacturer's certifications showing compliance with ASSE Z9.2 for:
a. Vacuums.
b. Water filtration equipment.
c. Ventilation equipment.
d. Other equipment required to contain airborne asbestos fibers.
1.8 SECURITY
Barriers to prevent unauthorized entry shall be provided for each regulated area. A log book shall be kept documenting entry into and out
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 15 of the regulated area. Entry into regulated areas shall only be by personnel authorized by the Contractor and the CO. Personnel authorized to enter regulated areas shall be trained, medically evaluated, and wear the required personal protective equipment.
1.8.1 Licenses, Permits and Notifications
Obtain necessary licenses, permits and notifications in conjunction with the project's asbestos abatement, transportation and disposal actions and timely notification furnished of such actions as required by federal, state, regional, and local authorities. Notify the state's environmental protection agency responsible for asbestos air emissions, any local air pollution control district/agency and the CO in writing, at least 10 days prior to the commencement of work, in accordance with 40 CFR 61 , Subpart M, and state and local requirements to include the mandatory "Notification of Demolition and Renovation Record" form and other required notification documents. Notify by Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested. Furnish copies of the receipts to the CO, in writing, prior to the commencement of work. The associated fees/costs for licenses, permits, and notifications are is contract.
1.8.2 Regulated Areas
All Class I, II, and III asbestos work shall be conducted within regulated areas. The regulated area shall be demarcated to minimize the number of persons within the area and to protect persons outside the area from exposure to airborne asbestos. Control access to regulated areas, ensure that only authorized personnel enter, and verify that Contractor required medical surveillance, training and respiratory protection program requirements are met prior to allowing entrance.
1.8.3 Warning Signs and Tape
Warning signs and tape printed in English shall be provided at the regulated boundaries and entrances to regulated areas. Signs shall be located to allow personnel to read the signs and take the necessary protective steps required before entering the area. Warning signs, and displaying the following legend in the lower panel:
DANGER
ASBESTOS
MAY CAUSE CANCER
CAUSES DAMAGE TO LUNGS
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
1.8.4 Warning Labels
Warning labels shall be affixed to all asbestos disposal containers, asbestos materials, scrap, waste debris, and other products contaminated with asbestos. Containers with preprinted warning labels conforming to requirements are acceptable.
1.9 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE REQUIREMENTS
Medical surveillance requirements shall conform to 29 CFR 1926.1101 .
Asbestos workers shall be enrolled in a medical surveillance program that meets 29 CFR 1926.1101 (m) requirements and other pertinent state or local
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 16 requirements. This requirement shall have been satisfied within the last 12 months. Submit required medical certification and the Physician's written opinion.
1.9.1 Respiratory Protection Program
The Contractor shall establish in writing, and implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1101 and 29 CFR 1910.134 .
The Contractor shall establish minimum respiratory protection requirements based on measured or anticipated levels of airborne asbestos fiber concentrations.
1.9.2 Respiratory Fit Testing
The Contractor shall conduct a qualitative or quantitative fit test conforming to Appendix A of 29 CFR 1910.134 for each worker required to wear a respirator, and any authorized visitors who enter a regulated area where respirators are required to be worn. A respirator fit test shall be performed prior to initially wearing a respirator and every 12 months thereafter. If physical changes develop that will affect the fit, a new fit test shall be performed. Functional fit checks shall be performed each time a respirator is put on and in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.
1.9.3 Respirator Selection and Use Requirements
Provide respirators, and ensure that they are used as required by 29 CFR 1926.1101 and in accordance with CGA G-7 and the manufacturer's recommendations. Respirators shall be approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH, under the provisions of 42 CFR 84 , for use in environments containing airborne asbestos fibers. For air-purifying respirators, the particulate filter shall be high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)/(N-,R-,P-100). The initial respirator selection and the decisions regarding the upgrading or downgrading of respirator type shall be made by the Contractor 's Designated IH based on the measured or anticipated airborne asbestos fiber concentrations to be encountered.
1.9.4 Personal Protective Equipment
Three complete sets of personal protective equipment shall be made available to the CO and authorized visitors for entry to the regulated area. The CO and authorized visitors shall be provided with training equivalent to that provided to Contractor employees in the selection, fitting, and use of personal protective equipment and the site safety and health requirements. Provide workers with personal protective clothing and equipment and ensure that it is worn properly. The Designated Competent Person shall select and approve all the required personal protective clothing and equipment.
1.9.5 Whole Body Protection
Personnel exposed to or having the potential to be exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos that exceed the PELs, or for all OSHA Classes of work for which a required negative exposure assessment is not produced, shall be provided with whole body protection and such protection shall be worn properly. Disposable whole body protection shall be disposed of as asbestos contaminated waste upon exiting from the regulated area.
Reusable whole body protection worn shall be either disposed of as asbestos contaminated waste upon exiting from the regulated area or be
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 17 properly laundered in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.1101 . The Contractor's Designated Competent Person, has the authority to take immediate action to upgrade or downgrade whole body protection when there is an immediate danger to the health and safety of the wearer.
1.9.5.1 Coveralls
Disposable-breathable coveralls with a zipper front shall be provided.
Sleeves shall be secured at the wrists, and foot coverings secured at the ankles.
1.9.5.2 Gloves
Gloves shall be provided to protect the hands where there is the potential for hand injuries (i.e., scrapes, punctures, cuts, etc.).
1.9.5.3 Foot Coverings
Cloth socks shall be provided and worn next to the skin. Footwear, as required by OSHA and EM 385-1-1 , that is appropriate for safety and health hazards in the area shall be worn. Reusable footwear removed from the regulated area shall be thoroughly decontaminated or disposed of as ACM waste.
1.9.5.4 Head Covering
Hood type disposable head covering shall be provided. In addition, protective head gear (hard hats) shall be provided as required. Hard hats shall only be removed from the regulated area after being thoroughly decontaminated.
1.9.5.5 Protective Eye Wear
Eye protection shall be provided, when operations present a potential eye injury hazard, and shall meet the requirements of ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 .
1.10 HYGIENE
Establish a decontamination area for the decontamination of employees, material and equipment. Ensure that employees enter and exit the regulated area through the decontamination area.
1.10.1 Smoking
Smoking, if allowed by the Contractor, shall only be permitted in designated areas approved by the CO.
1.11 TRAINING PROGRAM
Establish and submit a training program as specified by the State of Wyoming regulations and OSHA requirements at 29 CFR 1926.1101 (k)(9).
Contractor employees shall complete the required training for the type of work they are to perform and such training shall be documented and provided to the CO.
a. Class I and II operations 32 hours Asbestos Worker Training
b. Class II generic removal 8 hour Asbestos Worker Training
Prior to commencement of work the Contractor's Competent Person shall
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 18 instruct each worker about:
a. The hazards and health effects of the specific types of ACM to be abated; and
b. The content and requirements of the Contractor's APP to include the AHAP and AHAs and site-specific safety and health precautions.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 ENCAPSULANTS
Encapsulants shall conform to USEPA requirements, shall contain no toxic or hazardous substances and no solvent. Submit certificates stating that encapsulants meet the applicable specified performance requirements.
2.2 EXPENDABLE SUPPLIES
2.2.1 Glovebag
Glovebags shall be provided as described in 29 CFR 1926.1101 . The glovebag assembly shall be 6 mil thick plastic, prefabricated and seamless at the bottom with preprinted OSHA warning label.
2.2.2 Duct Tape
Industrial grade duct tape of appropriate widths suitable for bonding sheet plastic and disposal container.
2.2.3 Disposal Containers
Leak-tight (defined as solids, liquids, or dust that cannot escape or spill out) disposal containers shall be provided for ACM wastes as required by 29 CFR 1926.1101 . Disposal containers can be in the form of:
a. Disposal Bags
b. Fiberboard Drums
c. Cardboard Boxes
2.2.4 Sheet Plastic
Sheet plastic shall be polyethylene of 6 mil minimum thickness and shall be provided in the largest sheet size necessary to minimize seams . Film shall conform to ASTM D4397.
2.2.5 Mastic Removing Solvent
Mastic removing solvent shall be nonflammable and shall not contain methylene chloride, glycol ether, or halogenated hydrocarbons. Solvents used onsite shall have a flash point greater than 140 degrees F .
2.2.6 Leak-tight Wrapping
Two layers of 6 mil minimum thick polyethylene sheet stock shall be used for the containment of removed asbestos-containing components or materials too large to be placed in disposal bags. Upon placement of the ACM component or material, each layer shall be individually leak-tight
SECTION 02 82 13.00 10 Page 19 sealed with duct tape.
2.2.7 Viewing Inspection Window
Where feasible, a minimum of 1 clear, 1/8 inch thick, acrylic sheet, 18 by 24 inches , shall be installed as a viewing inspection window at eye level on a wall in each containment enclosure. The windows shall be sealed leak-tight with industrial grade duct tape.
2.2.8 Wetting Agents
Removal encapsulant (a penetrating encapsulant) shall be provided when conducting removal abatement activities that require a longer removal time or are subject to rapid evaporation of amended water. The removal encapsulant shall be capable of wetting the ACM and retarding fiber release during disturbance of the ACM greater than or equal to that provided by amended water. Performance requirements for penetrating encapsulants are specified in paragraph ENCAPSULANTS above.
2.3 EQUIPMENT
2.3.1 Scales
Scales used for measurement shall be public scales. Weighing shall be at a point nearest the work at which a public scale is available. Scales shall be standard truck scales of the beam type; scales shall be equipped with the type registering beam and an "over and under" indicator; and shall be capable of accommodating the entire vehicle.
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