Section_35_31_19_-_Amd_0001.pdf

Portage Lake Revetment Repairs FY17PORTAGELAKE Amendment 1 08/18/17

SECTION 35 31 19

STONE, CHANNEL, SHORELINE/COASTAL PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURES

01/08

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

The work required under this section includes furnishing all materials and equipment and performing operations such as, but not limited to, placement of cover/armor stone, underlayer stone, mattress stone, chinking stone, splash stone, stone fill, and the rubblemound wave attenuator as shown on the drawings. All work and materials shall be in accordance with the requirements specified herein and shown on the contract drawings.

1.2 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C127 (2015) Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

ASTM C136/C136M (2014) Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

ASTM C143/C143M (2012) Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete

ASTM C172/C172M (2014a) Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete

ASTM C231/C231M (2014) Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method

ASTM C31/C31M (2015a; E 2016) Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field

ASTM C39/C39M (2015a) Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

ASTM D1557 (2012) Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3) (2700 kN-m/m3)

ASTM D3740 (2012a) Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 1

Design and Construction

ASTM D5312/D5312M (2012; R 2013) Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Freezing and Thawing Conditions

ASTM D5313/D5313M (2012; R 2013) Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Wetting and Drying Conditions

ASTM D75/D75M (2014) Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates

MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (MDOT)

MDOT-2012 (2012) Michigan Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Construction

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (USACE)

EM 1110-2-1601 (1991; 1994 Change 1) Engineering and Design -- Hydraulic Design of Flood Control Channels

1.3 DEFINITIONS

1.3.1 Bank Stabilization

This paragraph explains certain terminology which is common to construction of bank stabilization work on the project and which may not be self explanatory in the subsequent applicable provisions of the technical specifications and on the drawings.

1.3.1.1 Revetments

The term "revetment" applies to various types of stabilization structures that are constructed along the channel approximately parallel to the current. The revetments are constructed of stone or piling.

1.3.2 Standard Drawings

Details of various types of structures in general use on the project are shown on standard drawings forming a part of these specifications.

1.3.3 Stone Protection

Stone Protection is defined as a system which includes a layer of mattress material or layers of filter material beneath a layer or layers of cover/armor. Stone protection is placed around structures in slack water or within a dewatered site. Stone protection may also be used to protect channel banks when it is placed in the dry or in slack water.

1.3.4 Riprap

Riprap is defined as a material having a gradation band similar to those specified in EM 1110-2-1601 , Chapter 3, uniform graded material. Riprap is normally produced by mechanical methods, with a jaw crusher and grizzly after the stone has been mined by blasting in a quarry. Riprap gradations

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 2 have a maximum top size of 3.5 tons.

1.3.5 Graded Stone

Graded Stone is defined as material with gradations that are produced by the mining technique and minimal additional processing other than the use of a skeleton bucket or a bar grizzly. The gradation band have more fines than riprap and have gradations with top size up to 3.5 tons and could be classified as being well graded.

1.3.6 Channel Protection

Channel protection is stone placed in a current as revetment, dikes, or slope paving without the use of a separate layer of mattress or filter material. In this type of environment, bedding sand or geotextiles and materials with gradation bands with a top size of 150 mm (6 inches) will not stay where placed.

1.3.7 Shoreline Protection

Shoreline Protection is defined as a system of mattress or filter materials and stone used to protect coastlines of lakes and oceans and for harbor protection.

1.4 MEASUREMENT

New materials will be measured for payment by the ton (2000 pounds) of material acceptably placed in the work as determined by carrier displacement or certified scale weight tickets, as approved by the Contracting Officer. Material placed beyond the tolerance limits will not be paid for. The method of determining the quantity of material placed beyond tolerance limits will be made in accordance with Subparagraph, "Determination of Excess Stone." Any material wasted or used by the Contractor for other purposes and any material not placed in the required work in accordance with the requirements of the specifications and drawings will not be measured or paid for.

1.4.1 Method of Determining Weight with Delivery by Vessel or Barge

1.4.1.1 Gauges

If stone is delivered by vessel or barge, the carrier shall, prior to use in connection with this work, be fitted by the Contractor at its own expense with gauges or such other facilities for determining displacement as may be required by, or be satisfactory to, the Contracting Officer.

Carriers which owing to their model or other cause cannot be accurately gauged for displacement shall not be used on this work. Gauges shall be graduated to the tenth of a foot, or to other suitable unit approved by the Contracting Officer. They shall be six (6) in number and shall be located as follows: two (2) near each end on opposite sides, and two (2) amidship on opposite sides. The gauges shall be attached solidly to the hull itself, and wherever practicable, shall be located inside the hull.

If located inside the hull, provisions shall be made for the free passage of the outside water to a vertical tube and for the ready measurement of the depth of the water within the tube. If located outside on wood hulls, the gauges shall be protected by solid fenders or be recessed into the planking. If on steel hulls, the gauge marks may be placed directly on the plates and identified by punch marks. Gauges shall be so placed that their zeros are below water when the carrier is in its normal trim, light

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 3 and free from water. The installation of the gauges shall be subject to the approval of the Contracting Oficer. The Contracting Officer shall be notified a minimum of five (5) days prior to installation of gauges.

1.4.1.2 Gauging Tables

To facilitate the determination of the weight of each load, a gauging table for each carrier employed shall be prepared by an accredited agent satisfactory to the Contracting Officer. The gauging table shall show the cargo weight, in tons of 2,000 pounds, for each unit of measurement of the draft. If the lines of the carrier are such that the cubic feet of displacement for each measured unit of draft can be accurately calculated, the gauging table shall be based upon the data, using 62.4 pounds as the weight of one (1) cubic foot of water. If the lines of the carrier to be gauged are such as to render impracticable the preparation of the gauging table by the above described method, the weight for each unit of draft shall be determined by measurement of displacement by actually loading stone of known weight and the weight thus obtained shall be entered in the table for use in subsequent gaugings. If alterations are made in any carrier which will affect the accuracy of the gauging table, after it has been prepared, or if otherwise deemed necessary at any time by the Contracting Officer's Representative (C.O.R), the carrier shall be remeasured, and a new gauging table prepared. Existing stone placed in lieu of new stone is excluded from measurement for payment for new stone.

1.4.1.3 Reading of Draft Gauges

Readings to determine the draft will be taken before and after unloading, and the difference in tonnage thus found, that is, the difference between displacements loaded and light, will be used to determine the net weight to be paid for. The draft shall be determined from the average of all six

(6) readings, weighting the readings of the middle gauges at double those of the end gauges. The Contracting Officer or the designated C.O.R shall be present at all draft gauge readings.

1.4.1.4 Uniform Loading

The carrier shall be so loaded as to cause uniform submergence. The increase in draft on the middle gauges, as a result of the load, shall not differ by more than 0.5 feet from each other, and that between any bow gauges and any stern gauges shall not differ more than 1.5 feet from each other. If such is not the case, the Contractor shall trim the carrier by shifting the stone until this limit is reached, before the stone will be accepted. If, however, the carriers proposed to be used by the Contractor are so built that they cannot be loaded as prescribed, and yet can be calibrated accurately for displacement under varying loads, such other method of determination of displacement as may be approved by the Contracting Officer may be used.

1.4.1.5 Readings in Still Water

All measurements for determining gauging table data and for load depths shall be made in still water as close to the work as is possible. The Contractor is required to place the carriers where such measurements can be accurately made.

1.4.1.6 Leaks

All carriers used in transporting stone shall be free of leaks such as

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 4 would render accurate gauging difficult. Facilities for inspecting the hold of each carrier to determine whether leakage is occurring shall be provided. Each carrier shall also be provided with adequate pumping facilities, and if water is found to be accumulating in the hold, the carrier shall be pumped dry before each gauging, both before and after unloading.

1.4.1.7 Variations During Unloading Operations

Lightening by pumping or by transfer of crews or supplies will not be permitted while stone is being discharged. Should any lightening become necessary, the unloading of stone shall be suspended and the load marks shall be taken in such manner as to insure the Government against loss from the cause.

1.4.1.8 Carrier Designations

Each carrier shall be plainly marked by a distinctive number, letter, or name, which shall not be changed or given to any other carrier during the contract period.

1.4.1.9 Verification of Measurements

The readings, other data, and calculations from which the gauging table and the tonnage are determined will be open to verification by the Contractor and shall be subject to the approval of the Contracting Officer. The Contractor is invited to be present in person or to be represented by an authorized agent during the measuring of carriers. When the displacements of the carriers are determined or redetermined, a record of allowed displacement for quantity determination will be sent to the Contractor. If the Contractor protests within five (5) days, the carrier will be remeasured and the Contractor must be present in person or be represented by an accredited agent so that correct measurements can be agreed upon. The Contractor will be given the weight of each load as it is determined. Failure to protest within five (5) days will be taken as equivalent to expressing satisfaction with the measurements and weight of stone determined by the Contracting Officer.

1.4.1.10 Carriers Not Measured

In case any stone is delivered by carriers not measured for displacement and marked as herein described, the Contractor shall, at its own expense, furnish means for properly and conveniently weighing such stone at the work site.

1.4.2 Method of Determining Weight With Delivery by Truck

The method of measurement for determining the weight of stone materials delivered by truck shall be certified weigh bills provided by the Contractor. Weigh bills and the scales used for weighing of trucks and materials contained therein shall, unless otherwise approved by the Contracting Officer, conform to the following requirements:

a: Scales shall conform to the requirements of the NBS Handbook H

44. The tolerance applications of the Handbook, as applicable to under registration and over registration and to tests involving digital indications or representations, shall apply. A scale shall not be used for weighing a load totaling more than the nominal capacity marked on the scale by the manufacturer. Any portion of the

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 5 load in excess of the nominal scale capacity will not be considered for payment.

(1) The accuracy of the scale shall be checked. When a State scale inspector is not immediately available for checking the scale, the Contractor may, at its own expense, secure a check from a local official sealer of weights and measures, or the Contracting Officer may give tentative approval, based on check truckloads weighed on other scales which bear an official seal placed in the current calendar year.

b: The total weight of a single highway vehicle shall be weighed as a single draft and shall not be determined by adding together the results obtained by separately weighing each end of such vehicle except that weighing of a coupled combination may be determined without uncoupling under the following conditions:

(1) The brakes are released.

(2) There is no tension or compression on the drawbar.

(3) The approaches are straight and in the same level plane as the scale platform.

(4) The approaches are paved at least fifty (50) feet in each direction with a seal coat or higher type surfacing.

(5) The approaches are of sufficient width and length to ensure level positioning of vehicles during the weighing operation.

c: When a print-out system is employed on a platform or surge bin scale, it shall be equipped with a printer which shall print the following information on a triplicate ticket for each truckload:

(1) Time

(2) Date

(3) Sequential ticket number (may be preprinted on ticket)

(4) Gross Weight

(5) Tare Weight (trucks shall be tare weighed at least twice daily)

(6) Net Weight

(7) Net accumulated job daily total

(8) Truck identification number d: The system shall be so interlocked as to allow printing only when the scale has come to a complete rest.

1.4.2.1 Scales

For scales not equipped with the print-out system, as stated above, weigh bills shall contain the same or equivalent data as specified for the print-out system. Weigh bills, including print-outs, shall be certified by the signature of the scale operator, which shall attest that the information shown on the weigh bill is correct and is the weight(s) observed on the scale at the time of weighing. Each weigh bill shall also be certified by the Contractor attesting that the entire load was properly placed in the work, and shall show the time and date of weighing and the time and date of unloading. Each truck shall be plainly marked by a distinctive number, letter, or name, which shall not be changed or given to any other truck during the contract period. The Government reserves the right to periodically inspect the weighing operations at the scales.

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 6

1.4.2.2 On-site Scales

On-site scales shall be certified by the applicable local weights and measures regulating agency and shall be as approved by the Contracting Officer. Scales shall be of the recording type and of the size required to weigh the materials and containers or vehicles. The scale shall include a housing for the instruments and scale operator, with heat, lighting and ventilation.

1.4.3 Determination of Excess Stone

All stone outside the limits and tolerances of the cross sections of the structure, except variations so minor as not to be measurable, will be deducted from the quantity of new stone for which payment is to be made.

Weight of excess stone will be determined from the cross sections obtained by the method provided for in paragraph FINAL SURVEYS, on the basis that the cubic feet of volume (including voids) for each type of stone, as listed in the Table in paragraph FACTORS USED FOR CONVERTING IN PLACE VOLUME TO WEIGHT, is equal to one ton or 2,000 pounds for the bulk specific gravity and percentage of voids shown. If the bulk specific gravity of the stone furnished or the percentage of voids is other than as listed below, the cubic feet of volume equaling 2,000 pounds shall be recomputed as described in paragraph REVISIONS OF BIDDING SCHEDULE QUANTITIES. Should any excess stone be disclosed above the tolerance line as defined in paragraph TOLERANCES, its volume will be computed by the average end area method, based upon the cross section in the following manner. The average end area of excess stone above the tolerance line for two (2) successive cross sections, multiplied by the distance between the cross sections will be accepted as the volume. The Contractor will not be required to remove such excess stone and deductions for the weights thereof will be made from contract payments for new stone. In addition to the above, stone, which has been delivered to the site and has been lost or wasted or otherwise not properly incorporated into the final required work, shall be deducted from the quantity for which payment is to be made.

1.4.3.1 Final Surveys

Survey work and measurements required for determination of excess volume computations for stone materials shall be performed by the Contractor in the presence of the Contracting Officer. The Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer not less than 3 days in advance of each survey. In the event of unavailability of the Contracting Officer, the Contractor shall perform the survey and certify to the Contracting Officer that it complies with the specifications. Cross section surveys shall be taken perpendicular to the axis of the structures. Elevations and soundings shall be taken on lines 25 feet apart measuring along the structure reference line, with the readings at 5-foot intervals and at breaks in the grade along the line. Other survey intervals and readings may be used if deemed appropriate or advisable by the Government's on-site representative. Additional cross sections, elevations, and soundings may be taken if determined necessary by the Government's on-site representative. Determination of quantities will be made by the Government's on-site representative and having once been made, will not reopen, except on evidence of collusion, fraud or obvious error. Prior to performing any work under this Section, the Contractor shall coordinate all operations with the Government's on-site representative so that excess volume surveys will be made at the appropriate time. The surveys made under paragraph CHECK SURVEYS found in Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK may be used when deemed appropriate by the Government's on-site representative, SECTION 35 31 19 Page 7 as part of the surveys required herein. Stone quantity computations shall be based entirely upon weights of new stone as determined from carrier displacement or certified scale weight tickets. Existing stone placed in lieu of new stone from off-site sources is excluded from measurement and payment.

1.5 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

1.5.1 Factors Used for Converting In-Place Volume to Weights

The following factors were used in converting the in-place volume to the quantities shown in the BIDDING SCHEDULE.

BULK STONE

MATERIAL

SPECIFIC

GRAVITY (SSD)

PERCENT

VOIDS

CUBIC FEET OF VOLUME PER TON INCLUDING

COMPENSATION VOIDS (For Excess Quantity

Calculations)

Mattress 2.65 25 16.13

Underlayer 2.65 30 17.28

Cover 2.65 40 20.16

Splash stone 2.65 35 18.61

FOR SHEET PILE FILL STONE, MDOT 4AA AND 21AA, SEE MDOT 2012 SPECIFICATIONS

(SEE MDOT-2012).

1.5.1.1 Revision of Bidding Schedule Quantities

The estimated quantities of stone listed in the BIDDING SCHEDULE were computed on the basis of stone having a percentage of voids and a bulk specific gravity (saturated surface dry (SSD) basis) as shown in the above table based on water having a unit weight of 62.4 pounds per cubic foot.

When the bulk specific gravity (SSD) of the stone to be used in the work is other than that shown in the above table, the estimated quantities will be revised by multiplying them by the fraction which results when the bulk specific gravity (SSD) of the stone furnished is divided by the value shown in the above table for each respective stone gradation. Revision for the percentage of voids will likewise be made. The Contracting Officer will issue a modification to the contract in accordance with the Contract Clause, CHANGES, in Federal Acquisition Regulations to adjust the estimated quantities in the BIDDING SCHEDULE.

1.5.1.2 Re-revision of Estimated Quantities

If during the progress of the work it is determined that the delivered stone actually placed has a percentage of voids or a bulk specific gravity range different from that on which the BIDDING SCHEDULE is based, the BIDDING SCHEDULE will be further revised in accordance with paragraph

REVISION OF BIDDING SCHEDULE QUANTITIES.

1.5.2 Bulk Specific Gravity of Stone and Redesign

If the Contractor, after award of the contract, requests approval of stone from a source(s) which has a range of bulk specific gravity (SSD), whose

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 8 limits are lower or higher than the specified design range of 2.5 to 2.9 as specified in paragraph MATERIAL QUALITY, consideration will be given to revising the project design through modification of the design range under the following conditions:

a. The modification of the specified design range will result in a savings to the Government. Such savings shall not be subject to Contract Clause VALUE ENGINEERING-CONSTRUCTION in Federal Acquisition Regulations.

b. Only one (1) such proposal for modification will be allowed. In addition, the required completion time shall not be extended more than thirty (30 calendar days as a result of redesign for any reason, including acts of the Government.

c. The modified design range of bulk specific gravity (SSD) to be used shall not have a lower limit of less than 2.30 nor higher than 3.50 .

d. The stone sections of the required structure are to be redesigned by the Government. Such redesign will be based upon the Contractor's proposed modifications to the specified design range of bulk specific gravity (SSD) and will include any required revisions to allowable tolerances. Only one such redesign will be made. A charge of $5,000 will be assessed the Contractor whether the redesign is used or not.

(1) The above redesign will be made upon written request from the Contractor. The request shall state the proposed modified design range of bulk specific gravity (SSD). With the request, submit records of laboratory tests performed on the proposed stone source(s) indicating the range of bulk specific gravity (SSD) of the stone source(s). The laboratory tests shall have been performed by a Government validated commercial laboratory.

(2) The Government shall be allowed a period of twenty-one (21) calendar days after receipt of the request to make the redesign.

The redesign will be made based upon the lower limit of the proposed modified design range of bulk specific gravity (SSD) furnished.

(3) Upon completion, redesign will be furnished to the Contractor, including revised estimated quantities for the BIDDING SCHEDULE, based upon the average bulk specific gravity (SSD) of the proposed modified design.

(4) Upon receipt of the redesign, make a formal proposal to modify the allowable range and to perform the work in accordance with the redesign, within fifteen (15) calendar days after receipt of the Government's redesign; if the Contractor proposes to utilize stone having a specific gravity outside of the specific design range, and as a result thereof, the Government provides the Contractor with a redesign. The submittal shall include a statement of the direct savings to the Government and a tabulation in the form of a revised BIDDING SCHEDULE showing unchanged unit prices for the revised quantities.

e. Any proposal to modify the specified design range shall be submitted within fifteen (15) calendar days after receipt of the Government's redesign and shall include a statement as to the savings which will result from the modification. If a formal proposal is not submitted

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 9 within the time limit, the work shall be performed in accordance with the specified design, in which case use of stone having a bulk specific gravity (SSD) less than the specified design range will not be allowed.

f. The statement of savings shall be in the form of a proposed revised BIDDING SCHEDULE showing unchanged unit prices for the revised quantities.

g. If the Contractor elects to perform the work in accordance with the redesign, the estimated quantities to be shown in the BIDDING SCHEDULE will be the quantities derived from the Government's redesign. See the above paragraph REVISION OF BIDDING SCHEDULE QUANTITIES.

1.6 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-03 Product Data

Mattress Stone; G-ECG

Underlayer Stone; G-ECG

Cover Stone; G-ECG

MDOT 4AA; G-ECG

MDOT 21AA; G-ECG

Stone Source; G-ECG

Splash Stone; G-ECG

Bulk Specific Gravity of Stone and Redesign; G-ECG

SD-04 Samples

Stone; G-ECG

SD-05 Design Data

Pre-placement Survey; G-AOF

A copy of the record of the Pre-Placement survey shall be submitted within thirty (30) calendar days after the survey.

Check Survey; G-AOF

A copy of the record of each check survey shall be submitted within one (1) workday after each survey.

SD-06 Test Reports

Gradation Test; G-ECG

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 10

Evaluation Testing of Stone; G-ECG

Specific Gravity and Absorption; G-ECG

SD-07 Certificates

Stone; G-ECG

Weigh Scale Certification; G-AOF

Certified Weight Scale Tickets; G-AOF

1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.7.1 Stone

Submit suitable stone samples prior to delivery of any such material to the worksite if stone is not from one of the stone sources listed at the end of this section.

1.7.1.1 General

All stone shall be durable material as approved by the Contracting Officer. Selected stone from the required excavation may be used if it satisfies all requirements as to quality and dimensions. In case an unlisted source is to be used, show that an adequate quantity of material is available and provide quality test data. Stone shall be of a suitable quality to ensure permanence in the structure and in the climate in which it is to be used. It shall be free from cracks, blast fractures, bedding, seams and other defects that would tend to increase its deterioration from natural causes. Inspections for cracks, fractures, seams and defects shall be made by visual examination. If, by visual examination, it is determined that 10 percent or more of the stone produced contains hairline cracks, then all stone produced by the means and measures which caused the fractures shall be rejected. A hairline crack that is defined as being detrimental shall have a minimum width of 4 mil and shall be continuous for one-third the dimension of at least two sides of the stone. The stone shall be clean and adequately free from all foreign matter. Any foreign material adhering to or combined with the stone as a result of stockpiling shall be removed prior to placement.

1.7.1.1.1 3rd Party Inspection

A third party inspection should be implemented to ensure the stone being provided meets the stone specifications requirements. The third party quality control stone contractor qualifications shall be submitted for approval. They shall show that they have stone quality and size experience for a minimum of 5 years. The USACE on site representative should be notified 48 hours ahead of any quality control inspections.

1.7.1.2 Sources

The Government will conduct a quarry investigation and evaluate the quality test data provided by the Contractor to determine whether acceptable stone can be produced from the proposed source. Satisfactory service records on other work may be acceptable. In order for stone to be acceptable on the basis of service records, stone of a similar size must have been placed in a similar thickness and exposed to weathering under

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 11 similar conditions as are anticipated for this contract, and must have satisfactorily withstood such weathering for a minimum of 20 years. If no such records are available, the Government will conduct tests to assure the acceptability of the stone.

a. Selection of Source. Designate in writing only one source or one combination of sources from which the Contractor proposes to furnish stone. It is the Contractor's responsibility to determine that the stone source or combination of sources selected is capable of providing the quantities and gradation needed and at the rate needed to maintain the scheduled progress of the work.

b. Acceptance of Materials. Acceptance of a source of stone is not to be construed as acceptance of all material from that source. The right is reserved to reject materials from certain localized areas, zones, strata, or channels, when such materials are unsuitable for stone as determined by the Contracting Officer. The Contracting Officer also reserves the right to reject individual units of produced specified materials in stockpiles at the quarry, all transfer points, and at the project construction site when such materials are determined to be unsuitable. During the course of the work, the stone may be tested by the Government, if the Contracting Officer determines that testing is necessary. If such tests are determined necessary, the testing will be done in commercial laboratory selected by the Government.

Materials produced from a listed or unlisted source shall meet all the requirements herein. The cost of this additional testing will be at the Government's expense. During the contract period, both prior to and after materials are delivered to the job site, visual inspections and measurements of the stone materials may be performed by the Contracting Officer. If the Contracting Officer, during the inspections, finds that the stone quality, gradation or weights of stone being furnished are not as specified or are questionable, re-sampling and re-testing is required. Sampling of the delivered stone for testing and the manner in which the testing is to be performed shall be as directed by the Contracting Officer. This additional sampling and testing shall be performed at the Contractor's expense when test results indicate that the materials do not meet specified requirements. When test results indicate that materials meet specified requirements, an equitable adjustment in the contract price will be made for the sampling and testing. Any material rejected shall be removed or disposed of as specified and at the Contractor's expense.

1.7.1.3 Evaluation Testing of Stone

Submit a copy of the laboratory inspection report along with actions taken to correct deficiencies and a copy of the test reports, prior to delivery of such material to the worksite. Quality tests on the stone in accordance with PART 2 paragraph EVALUATION TESTING OF STONE is the responsibility of the Contractor. The tests to which the stone may be subjected will include specific gravity, absorption, wetting and drying, freezing and thawing and such other tests as may be considered necessary to demonstrate that the stone is of a satisfactory quality.

a. Specific Gravity, saturated surface dry (SSD) and Absorption. Stone shall have a specific gravity, saturated surface dry method (SSD), between 2.50 to 2.90. The stone shall have an absorption less than 2 percent unless other tests and service records show that the stone is

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 12 satisfactory. The method of test for specific gravity (SSD) and absorption will be ASTM C127.

b. Samples. Samples of stone shall be taken by a representative of the quarry under the supervision of the Contracting Officer for testing and acceptance prior to delivery of any stone from this source to the site of the work. Samples will consist of stone from each unit that will be used in the production of the required stone. The Contracting Officer may also require documentation of subsurface exploration of an undeveloped quarry in order to determine whether or not sufficient reserves are available.

1.7.1.4 Random Sampling

The stone produced by each source may be sampled by the Government for Quality Assurance testing. The samples will be evaluated based upon specific gravity and absorption.

1.7.1.5 Drop Test

A drop test provides an immediate evaluation of the durability of very large stone during handling of the stone including placement into a structure. For comparability, the test stone(s) shall be dropped from a bucket or by other means from a height of not less than half the average diameter of the stone onto a rigid surface or second stone of comparable size. Dumping from a truck is not acceptable. The stone shall be examined carefully before as well as after the completion of the test.

Failure criteria is the development of new cracks, opening of old cracks, and the loss of piece from the surface of the stone. Drop testing will be conducted on a total of three Armor Stones at the Quarry. Each stone shall be dropped a total of five times for evaluation purposes with examination after each drop. Provide all necessary equipment and operating personnel to help perform the testing.

1.7.2 Concrete Grout for Stone Protection

1.7.2.1 General

The Government reserves the right to sample and test the aggregates and grout to determine compliance with the specifications. Provide facilities and labor as may be necessary to assist the government in procurement of representative test samples. Samples of aggregates will be obtained at the point of batching in accordance with ASTM D75/D75M. Grout will be sampled in accordance with ASTM C172/C172M. The slump and air content will be determined when cylinders are molded in accordance with ASTM C143/C143M and ASTM C231/C231M, respectively. Compression test specimens will be made, cured and transported in accordance with ASTM C31/C31M. Compression test specimens will be tested in accordance with ASTM C39/C39M. Samples for strength tests will be taken not less than once each shift in which grout is produced. A minimum of three specimens will be made from each sample, two will be tested at 28 days (90 days if pozzolan is used) for acceptance and one will be tested at 7 days for information.

1.8 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

The regulatory requirements listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The regulatory requirements are referred to in the text by basic designation only.

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 13

Michigan STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT (2012)

2012 MDOT Standard Specifications for Highway Construction

1.9 CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES

The finished surface and stone layer thickness shall not deviate from the lines and grades shown by more than the tolerances listed below.

Tolerances are measured perpendicular to the indicated neatlines. Extreme limits of the tolerances given shall not be continuous in any direction for more than five times the nominal stone dimension nor for an area greater than 1000 square feet of the structure surface.

NEATLINE TOLERANCES

MATERIAL ABOVE NEATLINE (inches) BELOW NEATLINE (inches)

Mattress 12 6

Underlayer 12 6

Cover 24 12

Splash Stone 3 3

The intention is that the work shall be built generally to the required elevations, slope and grade and that the outer surfaces shall be even and present a neat appearance. Placed material not meeting these limits shall be removed or reworked as directed by the Contracting Officer. Payment will not be made for excess material which the Contracting Officer permits to remain in place.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 STONE

2.1.1 General

2.1.1.1 Evaluation Testing of Stone

Conduct evaluation tests on stone samples collected from the proposed source. The quarry investigation shall be performed by a registered geologist or registered engineer. The tests to which the stone shall be subjected include specific gravity and absorption ( ASTM C127), resistance of stone to freezing and thawing ( ASTM D5312/D5312M ), and resistance to wetting and drying ( ASTM D5313/D5313M ). The laboratory to perform the required testing shall be validated based on relevant paragraphs of ASTM D3740 and USACE laboratory validation requirements. The individual tests shall be listed for which the validation covers along with the date of the inspection.

a. Unit Weight and Absorption. Stone shall have a specific gravity, saturated surface dry method (SSD), between 2.50 and 2.90, inclusive.

The method of test for unit weight and absorption shall be ASTM C127.

b. Resistance to Freezing and Thawing. Stone shall have a maximum loss

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 14 of 3 percent after 35 cycles, specified in ASTM D5312. The minimum testing slab size dimension shall be 13 inches by 15 inches by 2 inches, and shall be cut perpendicular to the bedding planes within the stone.

c. Resistance of Rock to Wetting and Drying. Stone shall have a maximum loss of 3 percent after 80 cycles in accordance with ASTM D5313. The minimum testing slab size dimension shall be 13 inches by 15 inches by 2 inches, and shall be cut perpendicular to the bedding planes within the stone.

d. Samples. Samples of stone shall be taken by a representative of the Quarry under the supervision of the Contracting Officer for testing and acceptance prior to delivery of any stone from this source to the site of the work. Information provided with the samples shall include the location and strata within the quarry from which the sample was taken.Samples shall be representative of the stone intended to be used in the production of the required stone. The Contracting Officer may also require documentation of subsurface exploration of an undeveloped quarry in order to determine whether or not sufficient reserves are available. The samples shall be shipped at the Contractor's expense to a laboratory validated by the government to perform the required tests.

e. Tests. Conduct the tests in accordance with applicable ASTM and Corps of Engineers methods of tests, in a laboratory validated by the government. The cost of testing shall be borne by the Contractor.

2.1.1.2 Quarry Operations

Conduct quarry operations in a manner to produce stone conforming to the requirements specified. This may involve selective quarrying, controlled blasting, handling, processing, blending, and loading as necessary, all of which shall be as specified in Section 01 45 00.00 10 QUALITY CONTROL.

Techniques such as the use of proper hole diameter, hole depth, hole angle, burden and spacing distances, types and distribution of explosives, delay intervals and sequence, and removal of muck piles between each shot will be used as necessary to produce the specified materials. All aspects of blasting operations shall be specifically designed so that the end product is not damaged from the blasting technique and that the stone is suitable for the intended purpose.

a. Curing Stone

Conduct curing operations on freshly quarried stone to allow it to release stored energy and moisture and to allow the stone to demonstrate that it will not fracture during the energy release and drying-out phase. Stones of sizes which are individually picked shall be temporarily stockpiled at the quarry site a minimum of 30 calendar days before being shipped to the project site, unless this requirement is waived by the Contracting Officer.

b. Stone Quarrying Exclusion Period

Stone quarried between the 15th of September and the 15th of April will not be approved for use in the project. If the stone is not affected by freeze-thaw cycles, and the durability history of the stone demonstrates that quarrying during the exclusion period has not adverse effect on the durability of the stone and the Contracting

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 15

Officer approves the use of stone quarried during the exclusion period, the stone quarrying period exclusion may be waived by the Contracting Officer. Stone quarried before the the exclusion period at a time which will not permit sufficient curing time before being subjected to freezing conditions, and which is subject to fracturing as a result of freeze-thaw cycles, will not be approved for use.

2.1.1.3 Gradation Test

Perform a gradation test or tests on the armor, underlayer, and mattress stone units at the quarry in the presence of the Contracting Officer.

Notify the Contracting Officer not less than 3 days in advance of each test. Submit the gradation tests using the USACE GRADATION TEST DATA SHEET (ENG FORM 4055), or equivalent. In the event of the unavailability of the Contracting Officer, perform the tests and certify to the Contracting Officer that the stone shipped complies with the specifications. At least one gradation test(s) shall be performed per 5,000 tons of each size of stone placed, but not less than one test shall be performed. The Stone mustbe collected in a random manner which will provide a sample which accurately reflects the actual gradation arriving at the jobsite. The sample will consist of between 15 to 25 pieces of armor stone, underlayer, and mattress stone. A minimum of two tests are required for acceptance of armor stone. The weight of the individual pieces of armor stone and underlayer stone, representing the minimum, maximum and 50 percent greater than sizes for the specified armor stone and underlayer stone gradation, shall be printed on each stone and be placed at the quarry to provide visual comparison during production at the quarry and be placed in a location adjacent to the work site in order to provide a basis for visual comparison during placement of the stone units. These stones shall be used as the last order of work. Failure of the test on the initial sample and on an additional sample will be considered cause for rejection of the quarry and/or quarry process, and all stone represented by the failed tests shall be set aside and not incorporated into the work. Any additional tests required because of the failure of an initial test sample will not be considered as one of the other required tests. If collected by the truckload, each truckload shall be representative of the gradation requirements. The Contracting Officer may direct additional testing of the stone at the project site if the stone appears, by visual inspection, to be out of gradation. The additional tests shall be performed on in-place materials at the locations directed, or on random loads selected by the Contracting Officer. If the gradation test fails, additional gradation tests will be required at the Contractor's expense to delineate the limits of unacceptable stone. The additional gradation tests shall not count as part of the minimum number of gradation tests required. The unacceptable stone shall either be reworked to bring the stone within the specified gradation, or the stone shall be removed from the project site as determined by the Contracting Officer. The Contracting Officer may direct this testing under the Contract Clause INSPECTION OF CONSTRUCTION.

Provide all necessary screens, scales and other equipment, and operating personnel, to grade the sample. Certification and test results shall represent stone shipped from the quarry. Certification and tests results must be received by the Contracting Officer at the jobsite before the stone is used in the work.

2.1.1.4 Proportional Dimension Limitations

The maximum aspect ratio (greatest dimension:least dimension) of any piece of stone for size ranges which are not graded with a screen or grizzly, shall be not greater than 3:1 when measured across mutually perpendicular

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 16 axis. Not more than 25 percent (25 percent) of the stones within a gradation range shall have an aspect ratio greater than 2.5:1. ASTM D4791 shall be used as a guide to perform the test.

2.1.1.5 Stone Stockpile

Storage of stone at the worksite is not to be confused with off-site stockpiling of stone. If the Contractor elects to provide off-site stockpiling areas, the Contracting Officer shall be notified of all such areas. The first layer shall be a maximum of 6 feet high. After being stockpiled, any stone which has become contaminated with soil or refuse shall not be put into the work unless the contaminating material has been removed from the stone prior to placement. No stone stockpiling will be permitted on the lake bottom. All stockpiles must be located in the upland areas and contained within the work and storage area outline.

a. Worksite Stockpile. Stone, delivered to the work sites, which requires temporary storage shall be placed in a container suitable for storing the stone without waste, or a sand-clay-gravel or crushed stone pad may be constructed for the storage area and removed upon completion of the work. If the sand-clay-gravel or crushed stone pad method is used, the pad shall have a minimum thickness of at least 6 inches. The container or sand-clay-gravel or crushed stone pad method shall be subject to approval prior to delivery of the stone. Upon completion of the work, the storage areas shall be cleaned of all storage residues and returned to their natural condition. Temporary storage of stone, at the worksite will be allowed, provided the stockpile toe of the stone be no closer than 100 linear feet from the closest edge of the excavation's top slope, and the amount shall not exceed 200 T unless otherwise approved.

b. Off-site Stockpile. In areas where stone, is stockpiled for placement, the area shall have excess rock removed prior to completion of work. All rock and spalls greater than 3 inches in diameter shall be removed. Where rocks may have become buried due to soft ground or operation of the equipment, the rock shall be disposed of as directed.

After the rock has been removed, the storage area shall be graded, dressed, and filled to return the ground surface as near as practical to the condition that existed prior to construction.

2.1.2 Stone Gradations

Only quarried stone shall be used. Stone quality shall be well graded and shall conform to the information below.

TABLE 1 - MATTRESS STONE

PERCENT LIGHTER BY WEIGHT (SSD) LIMITS OF STONE WEIGHT, LB.

100 50

50 25

15 10

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 17

TABLE 1 - MATTRESS STONE

PERCENT LIGHTER BY WEIGHT (SSD) LIMITS OF STONE WEIGHT, LB.

0 1

TABLE 2 - UNDERLAYER STONE

PERCENT LIGHTER BY WEIGHT (SSD) LIMITS OF STONE WEIGHT, LB.

100 700

50 500

15 350

0 300

Splash Stone shall be "Plain Riprap" and shall conform to the requirements set forth in the MDOT-2012 Standard Specifications for Construction Section 916 "Erosion and Sedimentation Control Materials". Only quarried stone shall be used for plain riprap.

2.1.3 Armor/Cover Stone

The stones furnished for armor/cover stone shall weigh between 5,000 pounds and 10,000 pounds each, and shall be free of fines. Fifty percent (50 percent) of the stones shall weigh greater than 8,000 pounds each.

2.1.4 Sheet Pile Fill Stone

Sheet Pile Fill Stone shall be 4AA and 21AA and shall conform to the requirements set forth in the MDOT-2012 Standard Specifications for Construction for "Aggregates".

2.1.5 Bedding Stone

Bedding Stone material shall be composed of tough, durable particles, adequately free from thin, flat and elongated pieces, and shall contain no organic matter nor soft, friable particles in quantities considered objectionable by the Contracting Officer. Gradation shall conform to the following requirements:

Bedding Stone shall consist of natural, crushed gravel, or crushed rock or recycled concrete, free from dirt, clay balls, roots, and organic material. If the Contractor opts to utilize recycled concrete from the demolition activities, the steel reinforcement shall ensure that the material is free of protruding steel reinforcement. The Stone Fill gradation shall satisfy the requirements of the Michigan Department of Transportation's (MDOT) "Coarse Aggregate 3x1", as described in MDOT's Standard Specifications for Construction 916.01 "Stone Used for Erosion and Sedimentation Control".

SECTION 35 31 19 Page 18

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 PLACEMENT OF STONE

Any dredging required in the Inner Harbor for the Contractor to achieve working depth of the floating plant shall be incidental to the installation of rubble-mound. Any dredging required in the Inner Harbor for the required rubble-mound cross-section shall be incidental to the installation of rubble-mound. See SECTION 35 20 23 Dredging regarding dredging operations, placement of spoils, and pre/post surveys.

3.1.1 Geotextile

Installation of geotextile shall be as specified in Section 31 05 19

GEOTEXTILE.

3.2 PLACEMENT OF MATTRESS AND UNDERLAYER

3.2.1 General

Mattress and Underlayer stone shall be placed within the limits shown on the contract drawings.

3.2.2 Placement

Under water placement rates shall be used when the top of the layer to be placed is covered by more than 3 feet of water.

3.2.2.1 Above Water

Stone shall be placed in a manner which will produce a well-graded mass of rock with the minimum practicable percentage of voids, and shall be constructed, within the specified tolerances, to the lines and grades shown on the contract drawings or staked in the field. Stone shall be placed by means of truck, crane operated skip-pan (box), dragline bucket, clamshell, rock-bucket, hydraulic excavator, trackhoe, or other approved equipment.