Attachment_3b_-_SOFAST-E_DO0001_Visual_Specifications.docx

W900KK-13-R-0002

Attachment 3b

APPENDIX A

VISUAL SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS

FOR The Special Operation Forces Aviation Systems Trainers – Enhancements (SOFAST-E) MH-47-2 (DO-0001) System Upgrade 4 October 2012

SCOPE

This appendix establishes the performance, design, and development requirements for the upgrade to the Image Generation and Display System (IGDS) for the MH-47-2 to the 160th SOAR Common Visual System.

The terminology MH-47-2 is used to indicate that the requirement is applicable to the simulator to be modified under the Special Operations Forces Aviation Systems Trainers – Enhancements (SOFAST-E) Delivery Order 0001.

The purpose of this upgrade is to provide the MH-47-2 with visual simulation features and performance commensurate with modern image generation technology, and to improve the reliability and maintainability of the visual system including improvement to ease of maintenance and replacement of visual system components and subsystems. Some of the features, functionality, and performance specified herein are currently available on the MH-47-2; however, others are not. Modifications to systems other than the IGDS that are necessary in order to meet the requirements specified in this appendix, shall be considered derived requirements which are within the scope of this upgrade and which shall be provided.

Nomenclature Within the context of this appendix, the following definitions shall apply:

a) The term visual system and Image generation and display system (IGDS) refer to the same system (i.e the collection of hardware and software components such as Image Generator (IG), projectors, optics, screen, back projection screen (BPS), Out the Window (OTW) projection screen, database, radar database, sensor database, Night Vision Goggles (NVG), Sensor Modules, Radar Module, visuals and associated software applications and utilities that comprise the visual system

b) The term Image Display System (IDS) refers to the various display technologies used in the training device to display visual information rendered by the image generator, sensor and radar generators

c) The term Common Avionics Architecture System (CAAS) refers to the display modules that interface with and are part of the IGDS to display correlated Radar and sensor information

d) The term Special Operation Forces Tactical Environment (SOFTAC) refers to the computer generated forces (CGF) network and components that are integrated and are part of the visual system

e) The term simulated eye point refers to the location from which the IG renders the visual scene. The simulated eye point at any given time is selected by the instructor from the following 3 available positions:

i. The design eye point,

ii. Pilot’s eye point and

iii. Co-pilot’s eye point.

f) The term design eyepoint refers to the intersection of the ownship longitudinal axis and a line that passes through both the pilot and co-pilot eyepoints. The position of the design pilot and co-pilot eyepoints relative to the host provided ownship positions are as defined in this appendix paragraph A.3.5.3.3

g) The term out the window (OTW) refers to the simulated scene as rendered from the simulated eyepoint and to the IG and display channels used to render and display the OTW scene.

h) The terms host trainer and ownship refers to the device MH-47-2.

i) The term Host refers to the host computer of the device MH-47-2.

j) Mission Rehearsal Observation Center (MROC)

k) Battle Staff Training System (BSTS)

l) The term crew compartment refers to the complete structure that houses the display system (including projectors, screen, support structures, and enclosures, training station(s), cockpit, Instructor Operator Station(IOS), support platforms, access pads, handrails, and any other structure(s) installed on the motion system.

m) The term UNC refers to network protocol Uniform naming convention Applicable Documents The following documents form a part of this Specification to the extent specified herein. In the event of a conflict between documents referenced herein and the contents of this Specification, the contents of this Specification take precedence. Nothing in this Specification, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations, unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

Government documents ARSOA 60 Series Aircrew Training Manual ARSOA 47 Series Aircrew Training Manual ARSOA 6 Series Aircrew Training Manual Interface Control Document (ICD) For the Common IG Interface (CIGI) For Special Operation Forces (SOF) United States Marine Corps (USMC) Documents

National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA)

(The above document is available from http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/index.html) Non-Government Documents

(Copies of this standard are available from the following website:)

Order of precedence In the event of a conflict between the text of this appendix and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this appendix and the text in the main specification, the text of this appendix takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations, unless a specific waiver has been obtained.

Requirements Visual system general requirements The visual system upgrade shall present enhanced OTW visual cues relative to the current Device MH-47-2 visual system as seen through: (1) the aircraft cockpit and chin windows, (2) via night vision goggles (NVG), (3) Stealth viewer and (4) Radar and IR sub-systems. The visual system shall provide accurate stimulation of NVG while retaining a correctly rendered scene for the naked eye.

Except where defined herein, the performance and functionality of the current Device MH-47-2 visual system shall not be degraded. The visual system shall support mission training including situational training exercises (STX), 160th training tasks, and mission rehearsal. The proposed visual system upgrade shall leverage commonality with other simulators located at the 160th SOAR(A) devices recently fielded (such as MH-6 and the LUE) and others currently undergoing upgrades. The visual system upgrade shall result in improved performance, functionality, reliability, and maintainability relative to the existing Device MH-47-2 visual systems. Unless otherwise specified herein, the visual system shall continuously provide the correct visual scene as observed from the simulated eye point positions and attitude without any restrictions on ownship position, attitude, and motion. All scene elements shall have the correct projected location, attitude, size, shape, color, and brightness relative to the simulated eye point. The system shall compute and display scenes consisting of point lights and surfaces (polygons) combined with stored image data that is mapped onto the scene in true perspective. The computations shall be based upon a stored numerical representation of the real-world environment. The system shall provide all of the visual information needed by the trainee to accurately assess the state (i.e. position, attitude, and motion in the environment) and condition of the ownship, moving models, and surrounding environment as applicable to the specified training tasks. Unless otherwise specified, all processing required by this specification shall be at the IG update rate. There shall be no limitations or constraints on the performance specified and all of the specified performance shall be available simultaneously, except as defined herein.

The visual system shall be a software oriented solution operating on Commercial and Non-Developmental Item (CaNDI) PCs with CaNDI video cards, CaNDI video synchronization hardware (if applicable), CaNDI network and video cables, and using CaNDI projectors. The visual system solution shall facilitate technology refresh and reduce the cost of ownership.

Visual and correlated sensor databases and moving models The stored digital representation of the training environment (lights, surfaces, weather effects, image data, moving objects, and other scene elements) in the visual and correlated sensor databases (i.e. radar, NVG) and moving models shall be provided IAW requirements specified herein.

Databases The trainer shall use visual and sensor databases in full correlation of the Government furnished databases. The special Operation Forces Tactical Environment (SOFTAC) network databases shall correlate with the visual and sensor databases to the degree necessary to ensure a common perception of motion, sensor detections, placement of moving models and weapon interactions. In addition, the trainer and visual system shall make use of all the visual databases and radar databases available in the 160th SAN.

Dynamic response The dynamic response shall be IAW the following subparagraphs:

Update Rate The entire scene shall be recomputed at an update rate of 60 Hertz (Hz) (day, dusk, and night) minimum. If the host computer is unable to provide position updates every 16.67 milliseconds (ms), the visual software shall extrapolate the next position. The system shall employ only non-interlaced software and hardware.

Image position and attitude update rate for the OTW image, sensor image, moving objects, articulated parts, projectiles, vehicles, special effects, and animations shall not be less than 60 Hz.

Refresh Rate The scene displayed refresh rate shall be 60 Hz minimum for the OTW image, sensor image, moving objects, articulated parts, projectiles, vehicles, special effects, and animations shall not be less than 60 Hz.

Transport delay (visual system) The time required for generating and displaying a new scene of the maximum complexity specified, from the instant that the new data is available at the host computer to the time is displayed on the screen, shall not exceed 70 ms. In other words, host delay plus IG delay plus projector shall not exceed 70 ms. Techniques that minimize these delays, such as synchronous operation of host computer and visual system, are highly desirable.

Feature correlation The visual system cues shall be correlated with the trainer instruments, instructor’s displays, SOFTAC, CAAS radar and sensor modules and other trainer provided cues.

Simulated position The visual system shall display all imagery within the following tolerances with respect to simulated conditions as computed by the host flight simulation, except where more stringent requirements are stated elsewhere such as for Improved Fresnel Lens Optical Landing System (IFLOLS).

1. Simulated angular position for all axes: ±0.1 degrees (deg.)

1. Simulated altitude: ±0.5 inches.

1. Simulated geographic position: ±1.0 inch.

1. Simulated landing area elevation (including ships): ±0.5 inches.

Eye point Requirements The IG shall compute and depict realistic, three-dimensional imagery of the simulated environment for the pilot, co-pilot and design eye points in the MH-47-2 CMS. In addition, the IGs shall support radar and all sensors, stimulated or simulated, in the 160th CMS. The focus of the IGs is to provide scene content and realism to the pilot and co-pilot.

The IG shall be a proven CaNDI product. A preponderance of the IG Performance Requirements below shall exist in the IG product today; only minimal development shall be required to meet the IG Performance Requirements.

It is desired to host the semi-automated forces stealth viewer on the IG platform.

Hardware Requirements All IG hardware shall be unmodified CaNDI components available for purchase by the Government through commercial sources. All components shall be current commercial offerings that have not reached their end-of-life status. Reliable cooling and power supplies shall be used.

Interface Requirements The interface of the visual system shall be provided as follows:

a) Mechanical interface of the visual system with the flight simulator cockpit and crew compartment structures, motion system platform, and existing facility.

b) Electronic interface of the visual system with the flight simulator host computer system to provide for data transfer to and from the visual system computer(s) and subsystems.

c) Software interface of both the host computer(s) and the visual system computer(s) and subsystems.

Mechanical interface The mechanical interface shall provide the necessary structural support to accurately position and support the components of the new projection display system, hereinafter referred to as the image display subsystem (IDS), and integrate it with the motion system platform. The mechanical interface requirements for the visual system shall include, as a minimum, the following:

a) The crew compartment, when integrated with the motion system, shall have complete and unrestricted operation within the volume available in the existing facilities without any degradation to the performance or range of motion of the existing motion system.

b) The visual display mechanical interface shall not degrade the maintenance access, rigidity, or strength of Device MH-47-2 flight simulator cockpit crew compartment. The mechanical interface design and integration shall preclude the interference of any display system component, projector support, cockpit, or any other structure with the projected image. The mechanical interface design and integration shall prevent shadows from being cast on the screen. The mechanical interface design shall not block the visual scenes within the field-of-view (FOV).

c) The visual display mechanical interface shall ensure that no extraneous light from outside the cockpit (other than light projected by the IDS) is visible to the trainees. The visual display mechanical interface shall provide a light tight crew compartment for NVG training.

d) The performance of the motion system shall not be degraded by the visual system upgrade. All of the hardware and software modifications require maintaining the motion system performance and keeping motion system weight and balance within the limits and tolerances of the existing motion system shall be provided.

e) Maintenance access shall be provided for alignment, troubleshooting, repair, replacement, removal, and installation of components, including the removal and installation of entire display units.

f) The existing crew compartment egress means shall be retained in the modified trainer and shall not be degraded.

g) The existing emergency egress means shall be retained in the modified trainer and shall not be degraded.

h) The mechanical interface shall include a hoisting device if necessary to assist in the removal, handling, and reinstallation of display system components that are too big or heavy to be safely removed by a technician. The mechanical interface design shall provide the means to safely stow and secure permanently attached hosting devices while the motion system is being used, or provide a removable hoist that can be conveniently and safely installed and removed by maintenance personnel. The criteria for the applicability of this requirement shall include consideration to all applicable workplace safety regulations, including those set by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Electronic interface The electronic and electrical interface requirements for the visual system shall include, as a minimum:

a) Compatible data and control signals transfer between the host simulator computer(s) and the visual system computer(s) and subsystems shall be provided.

b) Video distribution/switching equipment and video and control cables for data transfer between the IG and the display system (including maintenance monitors) shall be provided by the Contractor, as necessary, to meet the requirements of this specification.

c) Compatible data and control signal transfer between CAAS system and the visual system for the synchronization of radar and sensors (i.e. FLIR and Radar)

d) Means shall be provided to isolate the visual system so that maintenance tasks may be performed on the visual system IG(s) while the trainer is operated in a non-visual mode. The visual system shall be controllable through a Remote Control Unit(s) (RCUs) for maintenance and for off-line operation. The electronic interface shall provide the means for RCU operation in the computer room and in the crew compartment.

Software Interface The IG shall communicate with the other host trainer systems using the latest Common IG Interface (CIGI) version available at the time of freezing design (CDR). The use of any CIGI opcodes or extensions not included in the Government provided interface document requires Government approval prior to implementation. The bandwidth for the interface(s) between the systems and the IG shall be at least 1,000 Mbps.

Compliance with the latest CIGI version ICD shall be verified using the Boeing host emulator and viewer for CIGI. Also the contractor’s implemented data structures shall be reviewed to verify compliance with the CIGI standard ICD.

The software interface shall include the software required to integrate the host trainer and visual system including, as a minimum:

a) CAAS computer program interface to generate, format output and synchronize data exchange process require by the Radar, Sensor and CAAS modules and the IG.

b) Host computer program(s) to generate, format, and output the required visual system input data, both variable parameters and discrete.

c) Host trainer computer program modifications to provide the required visual system resolution and accuracy.

d) Visual system programs to: (1) Format and extrapolate host computer variable parameters and discrete inputs; and (2) Format and process visual system output parameters (e.g., height above terrain, contact and collision data, etc.) and discrete outputs. If the IG supports Height Above Terrain (HAT) and occulting then it shall provide this information to the Host or other subsystems; or, if the IG does not support HAT and occulting, the SOFTAC Network or other subsystems shall possess the HAT data necessary for visual database correlation and placement of SOFTAC entities.

e) Broadcast HAT information to interoperate with other trainers

f) Trainer shall feed the visual information to the MROC and BSTS to support the equipment already in use. Any variation to the variation to current interface to the MROC and BSTS is considered trainer degradation and has to be approved by the government.

Visual System Design Criteria The visual system shall provide real-time OTW visual displays of the surrounding environment corresponding to the simulated aircraft flight and environment conditions received from the host trainer. Unless otherwise specified herein, the visual system shall provide a correct scene without any restrictions on vehicle position, attitude, and motion. The following requirements shall also apply:

a) All scene elements shall have the correct projected size, shape, color, location, and brightness relative to the design eyepoint (DEP), a point halfway between the pilot eyepoint and the co-pilot eyepoint. (The visual database shall be computed from both the eyepoint position of the pilot and the eyepoint position of the copilot. An IOS selectable input control shall be provided to select either the pilot eyepoint or the copilot eyepoint).

b) The computations shall be based upon a stored numerical representation of the real world environment. The visual system shall compute and display three-dimensional (3-D) scenes consisting of point lights and surfaces (polygons) combined with stored image data that is mapped onto the scene in true perspective.

c) The system shall provide all of the visual and sensor information needed by the aircrew to assess the environment and aircraft position, attitude, and motion in the environment. Sufficient detail shall be available to provide these cues and to provide realistic depth perception over 3-D and flat terrain and ocean surfaces.

d) Unless otherwise specified, all processing required by this Specification shall be at the IG update rate. There shall be no limitations or constraints on the performance specified and all of the specified performance shall be available simultaneously, except as defined herein.

e) Programmable parameters, for parameters that are specified as being programmable and readily programmable, a user-friendly method of data input shall be provided for off-line use. This method is intended for parameters that would require only occasional changes. The method shall provide the means for instructors and non-technical personnel to edit problem parameters. A command file that uses either common English commands or menu driven data entry programs is two possible approaches. Other approaches with similar flexibility may also be acceptable.

Alternatives to implied design methodologies Some requirements of this specification are stated in terms of contemporary practices in commercial real-time computer image generation. Where such requirements refer to specific implementation methods, other methods that yield comparable performance in all respects may be acceptable. Alternatives to implied design methodologies shall be subject to Government approval.

Design to minimize risk Subsystems and components shall be selected to minimize cost, schedule, and performance risk. Commercial Item subsystems that are established, proven products already in use at the 160th, or derived from such products, shall be used to the maximum extent practicable to increase site commonality. New products that have been fully designed and reduced to working prototypes, which provide the real-time performance required herein, shall be considered if no significant design changes are required for final production.

Visual Requirements Objectives The visual system shall provide the information and cues used to perform the visual, radar and sensor training tasks. All simulated weather and time-of-day (TOD) conditions shall be applicable to each task.

Compensation Techniques For Image System Simulation Fidelity Limitations The models shall compensate for the limitation of the image system's simulation fidelity. Where these limitations result in loss or degradation of visual cues required to accomplish the training tasks, techniques shall be utilized to provide enhanced or synthetic cues to overcome the image system limitations. Enhanced and synthetic cues shall minimize departure from real world appearance to preserve the illusion of realism. The compensation techniques described in the paragraphs below are given in order of preference; however, relative cueing value or effects on realism may alter the order of preference in some cases. Where model augmentation can be expected to increase the efficiency of training, such augmentation shall be provided. All departures from real world features shall be subject to approval by the Visual IPT.

Enhanced Cues Enhancement of the real world scene elements shall be provided when the image information provided by simulated real world scene elements is inadequate or erroneous. Increased size and contrast, exaggerated colors, increased frequency of occurrence and other similar enhancements shall be used. Size constancy effects shall be accounted for in the design to optimize perceptual fidelity for important environment features such as visual aids and targets. Size compensation shall be adjusted dynamically as a function of viewing range to optimize the accuracy of apparent range, size, rate of closure, details for recognition, other specific information needed for the task being trained, and to avoid an unnatural appearance.

Supplemental cues for low altitude height and speed cueing Features that do not occur in the actual scene being simulated (but which reasonably could occur) or that might not normally be included in the simulation for the sake of general appearance shall be used as necessary to provide the required cueing.

Environment continuity and blending Visual and sensor scenes shall be integrated to support all operational missions of the Design Basis Aircraft. The specific environment databases, the geographic regions of coverage, and supporting model databases provided as GFI shall be integrated for the entire training environment of the host trainer. A continuous and uninterrupted scene shall be provided for continuous flight within the training environment. Dissimilar visual scene transition areas (caused by multiple projectors affecting a unified visual scene and caused by multiple Level Of Detail (LOD) model states within the visual scene) shall be blended to achieve a smooth, natural appearing transition. Visible discontinuities in the environment model shall not be present (e.g., Based on differing data sources for adjacent features, entry into clouds, exit out of clouds, etc.); each visual scene transition area shall be blended. Where simulated flight is discontinuous because of operating modes of the trainer, such as aircraft position slew and initialization, this condition shall be masked during transition.

Programmable parameters For parameters that are specified as being programmable and readily programmable, a user-friendly method of data input shall be provided for off-line use. This method is intended for parameters that would require only occasional changes. The method shall provide the means for instructors and non-technical personnel to edit problem parameters. A command file that uses either common English commands or menu driven data entry programs are two possible approaches. Other approaches with similar flexibility may also be acceptable.

Functional training capabilities The visual system shall provide visual and sensor scenes for MH-47-2 pilot and copilot training of aircraft control and systems operation skills, tactical skills for day, dusk, night, and all weather conditions. The visual system shall provide the visual display scenes and visual cues in the trainer that are equivalent to aircraft OTW scenes and visual cues to train in the same manner and with the same information used in the aircraft. Altered task performance is considered a serious degradation of training and will only be allowed in situations for which no reasonable alternative exists and only with prior specific approval of the Government.

General training scene requirements Within the host-training environment, but outside real world areas, cyclical scenes shall be displayed. The scenes shall be consistent with the real-world terrain characteristics at the simulated location: mountains, desert, swamp, rolling hills, farmland, ocean, coastline, etc. A continuous, uninterrupted scene shall be provided for continuous flight within the training environment. Where simulated flight is discontinuous because of operating modes of the trainer such as aircraft position slew and reset of initial conditions, an in-cloud condition shall be displayed to mask the transition. The following scene requirements shall apply.

Formation flight The system shall simulate formation flight, takeoff, and visual rendezvous per the following requirements:

a) The visual system shall provide the means necessary to simultaneously render and display in the scene a minimum of nine companion aircraft without any restriction in their apparent position relative to the ownship or the OTW channel in which they appear to be.

b) Motion of the formation aircraft shall follow position and attitude data provided by the host trainer.

c) Features that enhance early detection of changes in motion of the formation aircraft shall be used in the model.

d) Visual detection of the formation aircraft shall be possible at all viewing distances of less than five nautical miles (nm) and aspect distinguishable for all distances less than one nm.

e) The rotor disk of the lead aircraft and wingman shall be articulated as in the actual aircraft, and its attitude shall be determined using data from the host trainer.

f) Scene content management shall preclude computational overload from diminishing the dynamics and detail of the formation aircraft.

g) All formation aircraft shall display navigation lights (including Infrared (IR) for NVG operations) visible from the ownship when activated by the IOS operator.

Shipboard landing scenes The system shall provide at-sea scenes of the ships on which MH-47-2 landings can be performed and for which ship models are required.

a) The scenes shall contain two other ships moving with the landing ship in the ocean scene as selected by the instructor and/or provided through the network by the SOFTAC. An IOS control shall be provided to select displayable ships.

b) Ship motion shall correspond to position, speed, sea state, and attitude data from the host trainer.

c) The ship(s) shall be visible from 10 nm range. Carrier orientation for course lineup shall be detectable at 5 nm, and the landing platform(s) shall be distinguishable from three nm. Deck markings shall be discernible and usable from 500 feet (ft) and shall be adequate for taxing, ground handling, takeoff, transition, forward flight, approach, hover, and landing. Transitions shall be gradual.

d) Velocity and altitude cues shall be provided throughout the approach to the ship.

e) Ship cues shall be properly represented and correspond with the size of the ship (i.e. width of the wake shall match the width of the ship)

f) Activation of the Landing Signal, Enlisted (LSE) and LSE signals shall be controlled by the host trainer as in the upgraded trainer system on site, LSE position shall be automatically determined by the system based on the designated landing spot and the simulated viewpoint position selected at the IOS. If no viewpoint is selected, LSE position should default to the pilot eye point.

Helicopter In-Flight Refueling scene The modified Device MH-47-2 shall provide the means to perform refueling operations following Helicopter Aerial Refueling (HAR) procedures. The modified MH-47-2 shall provide the means for the instructor to perform roles and actions normally performed by the ownship crew (other than the pilot) and surface ship crew during day, night, and low visibility HAR operations, via IOS input. HAR lights shall be controllable in those 3-D models required in the specification that are equipped to perform HAR operations. The state and intensity of the HAR lights shall be controllable from the IOS.

Urban area operations scenes Urban area scenes shall support Terrain Flight (TERF), in 3-D urban area. Flight between buildings, flight down streets, rooftop landings, Confine Area Landing (CALs), and all other operations shall be supported through OTW and Sensor scenes properly correlated.

Air combat maneuvering scenes The system shall provide air combat maneuvering scenes any place in the TERF areas. Moderate complexity models shall be used for the adversary aircraft.

Search and rescue scenes Search and rescue scenes shall be provided at all locations in the ocean and land regions of the visual environment under control of the host trainer. The following shall be included in search and rescue scenes.

a) land areas:

1) Rescue object

2) Other threats and friendly weapon systems present as set by the scenario within specified image density and moving model requirements

3) Markers and visual signals Terrain combat scenes In the land areas, the threats and effects of target engagement shall be included based on scenario data transmitted from the host simulator and SOFTAC. Firing, flight, and impact of missiles and other weapons shall be depicted in the scene. Friendly forces and their weapon effects shall also be depicted.

Land areas The IG shall render the land areas of the databases provided as GFE for the MH-47-2 for the OTW and properly correlated and synchronize with the sensor modules. The type of terrain and season shall also be selectable by the instructor prior to the start of the training mission, and at a minimum shall include:

a) Rolling countryside - rural countryside representing temperate zone farming areas shall be modeled to include:

1) Cultivated areas

2) Wooded areas

3) Scattered cultural features including agricultural buildings and structures found in villages and towns.

4) Associated cultural lighting.

5) Rivers and lakes

b) Flat countryside - Like (a) above, but flat.

c) Desert Area - Arid areas shall be represented by sparse vegetation, rocky and or windblown sand patterned terrain, sparse vegetation, and such other typical desert environment features as required providing altitude and velocity cues.

d) Ocean - The ocean image shall be created by appropriate color and intensity graduations typical of the time of day being simulated. Sea state shall be discernable. The ocean image creation technique shall be used for all bodies of water large enough for maritime operations.

e) Coastline - A coastline shall be provided as a boundary between ocean and terrain. The endpoints of the coastline shall be located at the endpoints of the real world coastlines.

Sling Load Sites Sites shall be integrated for pickup and deposit of sling loads by the host trainer on specified ships, at primary and secondary airfields and other locations in each TERF area. The following requirements shall apply:

a) Visual cues shall provide for precise control of the host trainer over the sling load.

b) There shall be at least a sling load LSE where appropriate.

c) Up to one mile separation will be allowed between sling load sites if required to optimize scene content management.

d) A load selected from the model list shall be placed at each site or on the ship.

Geospatial Data and Models Retrieval The Image generator shall be capable of rendering terrain, sensors and radar databases as well as 3-D models from the SAN and IG internal storage. The IG shall retrieve geospatial data and 3D moving models from the 160th Storage Area Network (SAN) in run-time as the simulator is being flown and/or at initialization for mission training or mission rehearsal. The IG shall use a UNC path to the SAN filer gateway. It is desired that only one IG or server access the SAN for each simulator’s visual system and then distributes the data to all image generation systems in the simulator. No additional latency shall be incurred. The IG shall support geospatial areas in the WGS-84 coordinate system. The IG shall support the selection of an area by latitude/longitude for loading into the simulators. The IG shall directly ingest geospatial data available at the SAN which is in the HIE format. It is desired that the IG directly ingest corrected source with no manual intervention. Small area updates shall be supported. Site personnel shall be able to update the IG consumable geospatial data without having to re-compile the entire geospatial data area.

GFI Models Government furnished models shall be integrated into the trainer to support daytime, night, radar, IR and other sensor modes supported by the aircraft. GFI models that undergo modifications necessary for trainer operation shall be provided to the Government in runtime, Open Flight format IAW NPSI standards and with government purpose rights.

GFI Databases Government-furnished databases shall be integrated and correlated with sensor, radar and SOFTAC as described below and shall be preserved for this modification effort.

Database interface The IG shall output to the displays the database area with WGS-84 based round-earth available in the SAN. The IG shall load databases from an off-line repository, SAN into the IG(s) on-line database storage. The IG shall operate at a transfer rate that performs simultaneous database paging from the on-line and off-line disk storage which is output to the display system. The IG shall perform viewpoint position and orientation changes (output to the display system) at the update rate specified in appendix paragraph A.3.1.5 without degrading the performance characteristics of the host trainer.

Database integration The databases available as GFI at the time of contract award shall be integrated into the trainer. As a minimum, the following databases shall be integrated and available for training:

Ownship relocation The visual system shall be capable of relocating the ownship in the same database within one (1) minute to any location available in the 160th Storage Area Network (SAN). The visual system shall be capable of relocating the ownship from one database to another database within three (3) minutes to any location available in the 160th Storage Area Network (SAN).

Formation Aircraft Formation aircraft used for close-up applications shall be modeled including lights and articulated moving parts that are relevant to the training task.

IG Subsystem The IG shall be PC architecture; the IG shall use the visual sensor and radar databases already in operation at the 160th. The IG shall be common with other 160th trainers IG devices that have been recently upgraded or are undergoing upgrades at this time.

Electronic, Power, and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Interfaces The electronic interface shall provide the following:

a) Compatible data transfer between the host simulator computer(s), simulator cockpit controls and displays, the IOS, and the image generation system computer(s) shall be provided. The interface shall provide control signal generation, timing, logic level shifting, and signal buffering, etc. as required for proper communication between the IG and the host trainer computer. With the exception of the interface to simulated cockpit and IOS components, the primary interface between the IG system and the host trainer system shall utilize standard commercial or military bus configurations, which are in widespread use.

b) The output of the IG shall be compatible with the display system as required to provide the complete system performance specified herein.

c) Visual system electrical power shall be integrated with the host trainer electrical power system to ensure simple, safe, and reliable operation of the system. A power distribution system that can be manually or remotely controlled shall be provided.

Network interface The IG shall provide network interface cards (NIC) and associated device drivers. The network interface cards (NIC) shall conform to the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard as a minimum performance requirement. The IG network interface implementation shall not limit performance of the visual system or of other host trainer subsystems.

Database interface The IG shall load databases from an off-line data repository, such as network addressable server(s). The IG shall operate at the necessary transfer rate needed to keep trainer update rate specified in section A.3.1.2.1 database paging (from SAN storage into memory which is output to the display system) and that performs viewpoint position and orientation changes (output to the display system) consistent with the performance characteristics of the host trainer as applicable on the delivery order.

Online database storage IG hardware shall store the visual and sensor databases required by this appendix and future databases. The storage shall include all trainer visual operations (e.g. NVG operations, Radar, other sensors, node storage items, etc.). Databases shall be available online without the need to change disk packs during database switching. Enough storage capacity shall be provided to store the contents of the required IAW this appendix section A.3.2.2.2 Host interface The trainer host shall communicate with IG and other trainer systems using the latest Common IG Interface (CIGI) version available at the time of freezing design (CDR). The use of any CIGI opcodes or extensions not included in the Government provided interface document requires Government approval prior to implementation. The bandwidth for the interface(s) between the systems and the IG shall be at least 1,000 Mbps. A change to the software CIGI opcodes requires government approval.

IOS interface The IOS user interface shall be modified to add controls to the IOS pages as a result of the requirements of this specification. IOS user interface pages shall be modified to accommodate additional controls required in this specification. IOS user interface pages shall be added if modification driven controls on existing user interface pages violate human engineering requirements of this specification. IOS instructor shall have access to IOS interface to select and control all the IOS functionality.

Maintenance Mode A maintenance mode shall be provided for the IGDS maintenance. The maintenance mode shall facilitate off-line IGDS maintenance and on-line real-time trainer operation without the IGDS by means of isolating the IGDS from the other trainer components. The maintenance mode trainer operation shall provide the trainee the same input and output performance as a fully configured host trainer minus the output responses from the IGDS. The maintenance mode shall also operate with the host trainer off-line with IGDS operating in a “maintenance flight mode” via a remote control. The maintenance flight mode shall operate such that the operator via the remote control traverses throughout each selected visual database. The traversed visual databases shall be displayed via the IGDS with the same fidelity and perspective as with real-time trainer operation. A maintenance monitor near the IG with local channel selection shall be provided. Radar and Sensor channels shall also have independent maintenance monitors near their image processors.

IG Video to the Mission Rehearsal Observation Center (MROC) and Battle Staff Training System (BSTS) IG video to all out-the-window channels and sensors shall be available for rendering to the MROC and BSTS. The video and data format signal feeding the MROC and BSTS systems shall support the existing operating equipment. Deviation from this requirement is considered degradation of the trainer and will require government approval.

Software Requirements The IG software shall not be written for a specific hardware solution so that hardware and operating systems updates can be accomplished without software re-engineering or replacement. The software licensing implementation shall allow the software to be moved to an updated or refreshed hardware platform without the necessity of contacting the IG vendor. Hardware that requires Firmware updates shall be identified and the firmware and the procedure to execute firmware updates shall be provided.

Fault Tolerance If an IG channel fails, the rest of the IGs shall continue working. A logger file, easily accessible to maintenance site personnel, shall be provided that captures faults and information about the faults.

If the CIGI connection is interrupted, the IG shall continue working until the connection can be reestablished. One or more IG channels shall not crash because of the loss of a CIGI connection. When the connection is reestablished, the IG shall synchronize itself with the CIGI connection and continue operating as though no interruption had happened. The IG shall not crash due to an incomplete CIGI packet or invalidly formatted CIGI packet.

Standby Mode The IG shall support a standby mode. The standby mode shall be controllable from the instructor operator station. The standby mode shall display a screen saver, a black screen, or white screen on all channels.

IG Performance Requirements The IG shall provide the visual information and cues for the pilot and co-pilot to conduct mission training in response to the pilot’s and co-pilot’s actions in the simulator cockpit and commands from the host trainer systems. Mission training and mission rehearsal will be conducted using the training tasks listed in 160th Aircraft Training Tasks.

Helicopter Aerial Refueling (HAR) The IG shall accurately render single and dual (ownship and companion aircraft) aerial refueling for the MH-47-2. The air refueling scene, including the tanker, companion aircraft, ownship probe, both hoses, and both drogues shall appear correct for all selectable eye points. The tanker wing shall remain visible in the rendered scene during aerial refueling while providing the correct appearance for the hose and drogue even with a 45o vertical field-of-view in the host trainer. The IG shall render the aerial refueling hose, drogue, and drogue movement as commanded by the simulation systems. The IG shall support rendering the tanker refueling lights as commanded.

The appearance of the following fault conditions shall also be rendered by the IG:

a) A cut hose

b) A collapsed basket

c) A dead hose

d) Out of trim (impacts appearance of the drogue) Aircraft Probe The IG shall render the appropriate probe for the MH-47-2 simulator. The probe shall have the correct appearance, placement, and orientation from the pilot’s and co-pilot’s eye points as in the actual aircraft. The rendered probe shall include any visual cues found on the probe in the actual aircraft. Environmental effects (particularly reduced visibility) shall appropriately impact the pilot’s and co-pilot’s ability to see the entire probe Anti-Aliasing The IG shall provide full scene anti-aliasing sufficient to meet the Image Quality requirements below.

Artificial Illumination The IG shall provide an artificial illumination simulation consisting of man-made light sources. The IG shall support independent, dynamic, and directional positional illumination sources such as flares. Directional lighting shall cast a geometrically correct illumination pattern on the surfaces with which it intersects. The IG shall support direct illumination simulation based on the direction of the light source such as vehicle headlights and searchlights. Direct illumination shall illuminate the scene content within the cone of influence.