TECHNICAL EXHIBIT 11 - INTEGRATED CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN.pdf

INTEGRATED CULTURAL RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT PLAN (ICRMP)

USAG ANSBACH

UPDATE 2014

FINAL REPORT: UPDATE:

CONTRACT NO.: W912GB-09-D-0063 W912GB-09-D-0063

TASK ORDER: 40 42

DATE 08 FEBRUARY 2013 21 MAY 2014

PREPARED FOR:

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

EUROPE DISTRICT

KONRAD ADENAUER RING 39

65187 WIESBADEN

PREPARED BY:

IN ASSOCIATION WITH:

UPDATED BY:

AMEC ENVIRONMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE

SOLMSSTR. 2-22

60486 FRANKFURT AM MAIN

WOLF BLUMENTHAL INGENIEURBÜRO

IN COOPERATION WITH

GEOLOGEN + INGENIEURE W. BLUMENTHAL & DR. H. SCHOGER

DEICHSLERSTRASSE 25, D - 90489 NÜRNBERG

FREIES INSTITUT FÜR ANGEWANDTE KULTURWISSENSCHAFTEN

FELDBERGSTRASSE 26

79224 UMKIRCH/ BRSG.

USAG Ansbach

ICRMP

Update May 2014

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SUMMARY

The United States Army Europe (USAREUR) has an obligation to act responsibly and effectively in the management and use of natural and cultural resources and lands under their administrative control.

The ICRMP serves as the installation commander’s decision document for cultural resources management actions and specific compliance procedures. ICRMPs are internal Army compliance and management plans that integrate the entirety of the installation’s cultural resources (archeological sites and historic building and monuments) with ongoing mission activities. They are targeted at early identification of cultural resources and the definition of maintenance and preservation measures to avoid potential conflicts without restricting the military mission.

This ICRMP comprises an inventory of cultural resources within the footprint of the USAG Ansbach. They were identified in close cooperation with the responsible Host Nation (HN) Authorities (Landesdenkmalamt BLfD and Untere Denkmalschutzbehörden UDB) and the local archives. Moreover, U.S. personnel were interviewed and site visits carried out.

Correspondence with the responsible authorities was reviewed. The inventory includes all protected archeological resources and buildings, as well as those potentially worthy of protection.

All archeological resources, and buildings and historic monuments within or near the installations of the USAG Ansbach registered by the responsible German authorities were described and mapped (in part only approximately delimited).

Remnants of settlements, burial sites and artifacts from the Neolithic, the Late Bronze Age / Urnfield Culture and the Hallstatt Era, the Middle Ages and modern times were found on and directly next to some of the U.S. installations (Barton Barracks and Oberdachstetten Local Training Area). All excavation work (even if of minor depth) within the USAG Ansbach could expose unknown evidence.

There are two protected building monuments within the USAG Ansbach (both in Katterbach Kaserne). Both buildings (Von Steuben Club -“Casino”, Bldg. 5845 and Hangar 4, Bldg.

5801) are listed on the Bavarian state register of cultural resources.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVALS .............................................................................................................. III

1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1 ABOUT THIS PLAN

1.2 POINTS OF CONTACT (POCS) AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1.2.1 U.S. ARMY POCS 1

1.2.2 HOST NATION AGENCY POC 4

2 LAWS AND REGULATIONS

2.1 U.S. LAWS AND REGULATIONS

2.2 HN LAWS AND REGULATIONS

3 LOCATION AND HISTORY

3.1 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

3.2 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE CITY OF ANSBACH AND

SURROUNDINGS

3.2.1 PREHISTORY AND EARLY HISTORY OF THE AREA BETWEEN

STEIGERWALD AND FRANKENHÖHE 12

3.2.2 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF ANSBACH 12

3.3 HISTORY OF MILITARY COMMUNITY

4 MISSION AND LAND USE

4.1 MILITARY MISSION

4.2 LAND USE

4.3 PLANNED PROJECTS

5 HISTORIC AND ARCHEOLOGICAL DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES

5.1 DOCUMENTATION OF FINDS

5.1.1 LISTING OF FINDS 18

5.1.2 GIS MAPPING OF FINDS 18

6 CATALOG OF CULTURAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDS

6.1 SUMMARY OF ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDS

6.2 SUMMARY OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS

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6.3 CATALOG OF ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDS

7 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 GENERAL MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATION BASED ON THE LEGAL

BACKGROUND

7.2 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE USAG ANSBACH

7.2.1 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES 32

7.2.2 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND MONUMENTS 33

7.2.3 PROTECTIVE MEASURES FOR HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND MONUMENTS34

8 PARTNERING AND FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES

8.1 PARTNERING OPPORTUNITIES

8.2 FUNDS

8.2.1 HN FEDERAL FUNDS 35

8.2.1 FUNDS FROM FOUNDATIONS 36

8.2.2 U.S. GOVERNMENT FUNDS 38

8.2.3 INTERNATIONAL FUNDS 39

REFERENCES

APPENDIX 1

SURVEY MAPS

APPENDIX 2

INSTRUCTION AND TEMPLATE FORM FOR HN NOTIFICATION

APPENDIX 3

STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION LAW OF BAVARIA

APPENDIX 4

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)

APPENDIX 5

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

APPENDIX 6

MEETING CORRESPONDANCE AND AUTHORITIES CONTACTED DURING

THE PREPARIOTN OF THE ICRMP 2006

APPENDICES

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FIGURE

FIGURE 3-1: LOCATION OF THE USAG ANSBACH INSTALLATIONS

TABLES

TABLE 1-1: U.S. ARMY POCS

TABLE 1-2: HN POC

TABLE 4-1: MAJOR LAND USES OF THE USAG ANSBACH INSTALLATIONS

TABLE 6-1: LIST OF ARCHEOLOGICAL FINDS

TABLE 6-2: LIST OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND MONUMENTS

APPENDIX

APPENDIX 1 SURVEY MAPS 1-3

APPENDIX 2 INSTRUCTION AND TEMPLATE FORM FOR HN NOTIFICATION

APPENDIX 3 STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION LAW OF BAVARIA

(LANDESDENKMALGESETZ BAYERN)

APPENDIX 4 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)

APPENDIX 5 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

APPENDIX 6 MEETING CORRESPONDANCE AND AUTHORITIES CONTACTED

DURING THE PREPARATION OF THE ICRMP 2006

APPENDIX 7 DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET

ENCLOSURE

PRE-HISTORIC AND HISTORIC TIMELINE OF THE ANSBACH AREA

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ABBREVIATIONS

AAFES Army and Air Force Exchange Service AD Anno Domini AFH Army Family Housing AR Army Regulation ARLOC Army Location Code B&G Building and Grounds BC Before Christ BGB Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (German Civil Code) BImA Bundesanstalt für Immobilienaufgaben (Institute for Federal Real

Estate) Bldg. Building BLfD Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege (State Authority for the

Protection of Cultural Resources in Bavaria) Cat. No. Catalog Number CDC Child Development Center CDF Character defining feature CRM Cultural Resources Manager DA Department of the Army DFMWR Directorate of Family, Morale, Welfare, and Recreation DoD Department of Defense DoDDs Department of Defense Dependents Schools DOL Directorate of Logistics DPW Directorate of Public Works DSchG Denkmalschutzgesetz (Bavarian State Historic Preservation Law) DSN Defense Switched Network EMD Environmental Management Division EO Executive Order EPAS Environmental Quality Assessment System EQ Environmental Quality ER Environmental Review ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute EU European Union FGS-G Final Governing Standards Germany FIAK Freies Institut für Kulturwissenschaften Fnr. Fundnummer (Find Number) Fpl. Fundplatz (Find Place)

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FY Fiscal Year GIS Geographic Information System HN Host Nation HQ Head Quarters ICRMP Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan IMCOM-E Installation Management Command – Europe INRMP Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan ITAM Integrated Training Area Management LBO Landesbauordnung (State Building Code) LDL Landesdenkmalliste (State Cultural Resources Register) LTA Local Training Area MOUT Military Training On Urban Terrain MILCON Military Construction MIPR Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request MP Military Police NEPA National Environmental Preservation Act NHPA National Historic Preservation Act O&M Operation & Maintenance OEBGD Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document OMA Operation Maintenance Army OT Ortsteil (Town district) POC Point of Contact POV Privately Owned Vehicle PX Post Exchange SOP Standing Operating Procedure SRM Sustainment, Restoration and Modernization TASM Theater Aviation Sustainment Management TK Topographische Karte (Topographic Map) TMP Transportation Motor Pool TSC Training Support Center UDB Untere Denkmalbehörde (Lower Authority for the Protection of Cultural

Resources) UK Urnenfeldkultur (Urnfield culture) UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization U.S. United States USAG United States Army Garrison USAREUR United States Army Europe UTM Universal Transverse Mercator

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VENQ High Visibility Environmental Quality WBI Wolf Blumenthal Ingenieurbüro

WW World War

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GLOSSARY

Archeological Resource / Archäologischer Fund / Bodendenkmal

All finds that indicate human life in prehistoric and historic times. This includes, but is not limited to ceramics, weapons and projectiles, tools, rock paintings, carvings, human bones or fragments of the above-mentioned items.

Alle Funde, die auf menschliches Leben in prähistorischer und historischer Zeit hinweisen.

Dazu gehören unter anderem Keramik, Waffen und Projektile, Werkzeuge, Felsenmalerei, Schnitzerei, Gräber, menschliches Knochenmaterial oder Teile der genannten Gegenstände.

Historic Building or Monument / Baudenkmal

Protected building of historical value, building parts, or groups of buildings. Every constructional modification of the building must be coordinated with the responsible monument authority.

Baugeschichtlich besonders wertvolles Gebäude, Teil eines Gebäudes oder Gruppe von Gebäuden, die unter Denkmalschutz stehen. Grundsätzlich muss jede bauliche Veränderung an einem Baudenkmal mit der zuständigen Denkmalschutzbehörde abgestimmt werden.

Bronze age / Bronzezeit

Metal, starting with pure copper (approx. 2200 BC, also referred to as the Late Neolithic or Chalcolithic Period) was used for the first time during the Bronze Age. In Europe, the Bronze Age is subdivided into three large periods (Early, Middle, Late). They end with the onset of the Urnfield culture, which marks the beginning of the Iron Age (approx. 1000 BC). The ethnic representatives of the Bronze Age are unknown.

Erste Nutzung von Metallen, beginnend mit reinem Kupfer (etwa 2200 v. Chr., auch Endneolithikum oder Chalkolithikum genannt). Die Bronzezeit wird in Europa in drei große Perioden unterteilt (früh, mittel, spät), die mit der beginnenden Urnenfelderkultur in die Eisenzeit übergeht (um 1000 v. Chr.). Die Träger der Bronzezeitkultur sind ethnisch nicht fassbar. In der UK-Zeit ist es wahrscheinlich, in der Hallstattzeit sicher, dass die europäischen Träger dieser Kulturen keltische Völker sind.

Cultural Resources Management Program

All activities that comply with AR 200-1 and Final Governing Standards Germany (FGS-G) and therefore comply with HN laws.

Aktivitäten, die der Army Regulation 200-1 und dem FGS-G Folge leisten und damit den Gesetzen des Gastlandes entsprechen.

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Cultural Resources Register / Denkmalliste

The list of all cultural resources within the Federal State (Bundesland). The official inventory lists are usually released by the Landesdenkmalamt (BLfD State Authority for the Protection of Cultural Resources)

Liste aller im Bundesland registrierten Denkmäler. Die offiziellen Inventarlisten für Kulturdenkmäler werden von den Landesdenkmalämtern herausgegeben.

Obligation to Tolerance / Duldungspflicht

§§ 8 and 16 of the Denkmalschutzgesetzes (Bavarian State Historic Preservation Law, DSchG) stipulate that the owner of a cultural resource is obliged to tolerate suitable documentation, protection and/or restoration measures by the Denkmalschutzbehörden (German Heritage Authorities) on his premises. This includes free access to the object as well as the omission of all activities that would impede or prevent the legal cultural resources measures.

Aus den §§ 8 und 16 des DSchG ergibt sich für den Eigner eines Bau- oder Bodendenkmals die Pflicht, geeignete Maßnahmen zur Dokumentation, Schutz oder Instandsetzung durch die Denkmalschutzbehörden auf seinem Grund- und Boden zuzulassen. Dazu gehört der freie Zugang zum Objekt, sowie das Unterlassen von Arbeiten, welche die denkmalrechtlichen Arbeiten behindern oder ausschließen könnten.

Epipaleolithic / Epipaläolithikum

The term signifies the early phase of the Middle Stone Age that immediately followed the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic). It lasted from approximately 10000 to 8000 BC In research, the term is applied to the period preceding the Neolithic in the orient, the so-called Aceramic phase. In Central Europe, it signifies the changing of biological conditions due to the migration of the Ice Age animals and the change in living conditions for mankind that this caused.

Der Begriff bezeichnet die unmittelbar auf die Altsteinzeit (Paläolithikum) folgende frühen Phase der mittleren Steinzeit (Mesolithikum). Zeitlich etwa um 10000 bis 8000 v. Chr. Die Bezeichnung wird in der Forschung im Bereich des Orients für die Phase vor dem Neolithikum, die sogenannte akeramische Phase angewandt. In Mitteleuropa bezeichnet es die Wandlung der vegetativen Voraussetzungen durch das Abwandern der eiszeitlichen Tiere und der sich dadurch verändernden Lebensbedingungen für die Menschen.

Find Number / Fundnummer

A find number refers to an archeological find site, e.g. an artifact, a single bone or an entire skeleton. The find number is assigned by the BLfD when it is informed of the find. In some cases, the number is only given after excavation has been permitted. The find numbers in the inventory catalog of the BLfD describes individual finds. These numbers can differ from the registration numbers of a museum. This implies that the exhibition or registration number of a find displayed in a museum is not identical with the BLfD’s find number.

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Sie bezeichnet einen archäologischen Fund, z. B. ein Artefakt, ein einzelner Knochen oder ein ganzes Skelett. Die Fundnummer wird erst vom Landesdenkmalamt vergeben, wenn der Eingang bei der Behörde stattfindet. In Ausnahmefällen wird die Nummer bei einer genehmigten Ausgrabung vergeben. Unter dieser Nummer sind einzelne archäologische Funde im Inventarkatalog des Landesdenkmalamtes aufgelistet. Diese Nummern können von den Registriernummern eines Museumsbestandes abweichen, d. h. ist der Fund bei einem Museum ausgestellt, so kann die Ausstellungsnummer oder Registriernummer des Museums verschieden von der Fundnummer des BLfDs sein.

Find Place / Fundplatz

The expression “find place” refers to the site where a piece of archeological evidence was detected. The numbering is based on the list of find places that that the BLfD maintains for each political community. (The UDB does not always have a copy of such a list).

Mit dem Begriff Fundplatz (Abk. Fpl.) wird die Fundstelle eines archäologischen Fundes bezeichnet. Die Nummerierung ergibt sich aus der Fundplatzliste, die für jede Gemeinde beim Landesdenkmalamt geführt wird (die UDB sind nicht immer im Besitz dieser Liste).

Barrow / Grabhügel

A burial mound / barrow. The type of mound built will depend upon the period and the location. They are encountered as solitary barrows or barrow fields. Barrows have often been damaged or plundered due to their metal grave goods.

Grabhügel unterscheiden sich in ihrer Form und Ausprägung nach Ort und Ära. Sie sind einzeln oder in Gruppen zu finden. Häufig sind die Grabhügel wegen ihrer Metallbeigaben gestört und beraubt worden.

Protected Area (Digging Prohibited) / Grabungsschutzgebiet

If there is an increase in scattered finds within a delimited area (often exposed by plowing), or if they are exposed during digging work or after heavy rainfall events, or if artifacts or remnants of settlements visible on aerial photos, such areas are placed under protection (digging prohibited) by the Denkmalfachbehörde (Heritage Authority). This implies that civil engineering work is no longer permissible without prior consent from the authorities (permit applied for and granted under certain conditions by the UDB). If the UDB has permitted civil engineering work, the onset of work must usually be announced to the UDB or the BLfD. This allows the pertinent authorities to initiate suitable measures for the documentation of possible historic finds (See: Obligation to Tolerance).

Wenn sich in bestimmten eingrenzbaren Gebieten entweder die Streufunde häufen (oftmals durch das Pflügen der Landwirtschaft) oder bei Grabarbeiten, Ausschwemmungen nach heftigem Regen und Luftbildbeobachtungen Artefakte oder Siedlungsspuren sichtbar werden, so wird das entsprechende Gebiet von der Denkmalfachbehörde unter Grabungsschutz gestellt. Das bedeutet, dass auf dem entsprechenden Gelände nicht mehr

Page XIV ohne Einwilligung des Denkmalamtes (Antragstellung und Freigabe mit Beauflagung durch die UDB) Tiefbauarbeiten durchgeführt werden dürfen. Hat die Untere Denkmalbehörde einer Tiefbauarbeit zugestimmt, so ist diese Zustimmung in der Regel mit der Beauflagung verbunden, den Beginn der Arbeiten entweder bei der UDB oder der Denkmalfachbehörde (BLfD) anzuzeigen. So kann die Fachbehörde geeignete Maßnahmen zur Dokumentation eventueller historischer Funde einleiten (Verweis: Duldungspflicht).

Hallstatt Period / Hallstatt Zeit

The Hallstatt Period, an era within the earlier Iron Age, was named after archeological finds at Hallstatt, an Austrian town near Salzburg. This was the time of the early Celts. In 1846, Johann Georg Ramsauer discovered a large burial field, dated approx. 600 BC at this location. The period is characterized by a clear hierarchical community structure, evident e.g.

in burials in barrows with many grave goods, in part even harnesses and carriages.

Die Hallstattkultur wurde nach den Funden im Ort Hallstatt, in der Nähe von Salzburg (Österreich), benannt und steht für die Periode der älteren Eisenzeit. Zu dieser Zeit lebten die frühen Kelten. In Hallstatt wurde 1846 von Johann Georg Ramsauer ein ausgedehntes Gräberfeld aus der Zeit um 600 v. Chr. entdeckt. In dieser Zeit lässt sich eine deutliche Hierarchisierung der Gesellschaft feststellen. Sie ist besonders an den reich ausgestatteten Grabhügeln, teilweise mit der Beigabe von Wagen und Pferdegeschirr erkennbar.

Tumulus Culture / Hügelgräberbronzezeit

In southern Central Europe, the Middle Bronze Age (1600 to 1300 BC) is named the Tumulus Culture because of the burial customs (Reinicke 1902). The burials took place in stone slab graves or stone barrows, which were covered with mounds of earth. The graves contained burial objects. Just like the settlements, the graves are usually found on hill ranges.

Im südlichen Mitteleuropa wird die mittlere Bronzezeit (1600 v. Chr. bis 1300 v. Chr.) nach der Bestattungssitte Hügelgräberbronzezeit genannt (nach Reinecke 1902). Die Bestattungen fanden in Steinplattengräbern bzw. Steinhügeln statt, über die anschließend ein Erdhügel geschüttet wurde. Die Gräber enthielten Beigaben. Entsprechend der Siedlungen liegen die Gräberfelder in der Regel auf Höhenzügen.

Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP)

A plan developed as a decision document for the installation commander to provide for the management of cultural resources in an efficient way without impeding the mission.

Denkmalpflegeplan, der dem Installation Commander als Entscheidungsvorlage dient. Der ICRMP soll gewährleisten, dass Denkmalschutz und Denkmalpflege in einer effizienten Art und Weise durchgeführt wird, ohne die Erfüllung des militärischen Auftrages einzuschränken.

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New Stone Age / Jungsteinzeit

See Neolithic / siehe Neolithikum

Cultural Resource / Kulturdenkmal

The term “cultural resource” comprises both archeological sites and historic buildings and monuments. The term is defined by the various legal bases (National Historic Preservation Act, State Historic Preservation Laws).

Der Begriff des Kulturdenkmals umfasst Bodendenkmäler sowie Baudenkmäler. Der Begriff ist in den unterschiedlichen Gesetzesgrundlagen definiert (National Historic Preservation Act und Landesdenkmalpflegegesetze).

Material Remains / Kulturelle Zeugnisse

Physical evidence of human habitation, occupation, use, or activity, including the site, location, or context in which such evidence is situated, including

• Surface or subsurface structures

• Surface or subsurface artifact, in groups or scattered

• Whole or fragmentary tools, implements, containers, weapons, clothing, and ornaments, etc.

• Prehistoric waste

• Human remains

• Rock carvings and rock paintings

• Rock shelters and caves

• Any portion or piece of any of the afore mentioned

Kulturelle Zeugnisse sind sichtbare Spuren prähistorischen menschlichen Lebens. Sie beinhalten neben Artefakten auch den Standort an sich. Dazu zählen:

• Unter- und oberflächliche historische Strukturen

• Unter- und oberflächliche Bruchteile von Artefakten, konzentriert oder verstreut

• Werkzeuge, oder deren Bruchstücke, Behältnissen, Utensilien, Kleidung, Waffen, etc.

• Prähistorische Abfälle

• Menschliche Überreste

• Felsmalerei

• Höhlen

• Teile der vorangegangenen Gegenständen

Mesolithic / Mesolithikum

Middle Stone Age – regionally differentiated it began around 10 000 BC. Considerable changes in climate characterized this period. Temperatures rose, the large areas free of

Page XVI vegetation and the plains of the Ice Age and post Ice Age slowly became wooded. This changed the nourishment and hunting conditions for mankind. The large groups necessary for hunting in the open plains disintegrated and solitary hunting became common practice.

For the first time bows and arrows were used as hunting weapons. The crude and heavy tools typical of the Old Stone Age were replaced by finer stone tools, so-called microliths.

Characteristic find sites are workplaces with up to hundreds of these small to tiny chips of stone. Humans were still nomads but their hunting areas diminished in size. Their resting places were characterized by windscreens and earth pits. Besides hunting, plants were increasingly collected as a source of nourishment. This led to a better knowledge of natural vegetation. Regular harvesting and finally selective sowing (agriculture) led to the New Stone Age (Neolithic). In Central Europe, this occurred about 4000 BC.

Mittlere Steinzeit – sie beginnt regional unterschiedlich etwa um 10.000 v. Chr.

Kennzeichnend waren erhebliche klimatische Veränderungen. Die Temperaturen stiegen an, die großen vegetationsfreien Flächen und Steppen der Eiszeit und Nacheiszeit wurden locker bewaldet. Dadurch veränderten sich die Nahrungs- und Jagdbedingungen für die Menschen. Die großen Jagdgemeinschaften für die offene Steppe lösten sich auf, der Mensch ging zur Ansitzjagd über. Als Jagdwaffen wurden zum ersten Mal Pfeil und Bogen benutzt. Typisch waren nun nicht mehr die groben und schweren Geräte der Altsteinzeit, sondern feine Steinabschläge, sogenannte Mikrolithen. Typische Fundplätze sind Werkplätze mit Hunderten von kleinen und kleinsten Steinsplittern. Die Menschen waren weiterhin Nomaden, jedoch engte sich ihr Jagdgebiet ein. Die Lagerplätze wurden durch Windfänge und Erdgruben bestimmt. Als Nahrungsquelle gewann neben der Jagd das Sammeln von pflanzlicher Nahrung immer mehr an Bedeutung. Dies führt schließlich zu besseren Kenntnissen des Menschen über die Pflanzen. Regelmäßiges Ernten und schließlich auch gezielte Aussaat (Ackerbau) leiteten zur Jungsteinzeit, dem Neolithikum über. Dies geschah in Mitteleuropa etwa um 4000 v. Chr.

Neolithic (New Stone Age) / Neolithikum

The term Neolithic is used to designate a stage of cultural evolution or technological development characterized by the use of stone tools, the existence of settled villages largely dependent on domesticated plants and animals, and the presence of such crafts as pottery and weaving (in Central Europe approx. between 6000 BC and 2000 BC).

Die Jungsteinzeit oder das Neolithikum ist eine Epoche der Menschheitsgeschichte. Ihr Beginn wird heute im Allgemeinen mit dem Übergang von Jäger- und Sammlerkulturen zu Hirten und Ackerbauern festgesetzt, ihr Ende mit der Entdeckung der Metallverarbeitung (in Mitteleuropa ca. 6000 – 2000 v. Chr.).

Paleolithic / Paläolithikum

Old Stone Age – signifying the period when the first humans left traces due to their use of stone tools. The Old Stone Age was followed by the Middle Stone Age, which commenced about 10000 BC in Central Europe. Crude stone tools are characteristic of the Old Stone

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Age, and - depending on the site - also animal bones with signs of use. There were however no tools demanding high skills, like silex blades or arrowheads.

Altsteinzeit – der Begriff bezeichnet die Periode der ersten Menschen, als sie aufgrund der von ihnen benutzten steinernen Werkzeuge Spuren hinterlassen haben. Die Altsteinzeit wird von der Mittleren Steinzeit abgelöst, die in Mitteleuropa etwa um 10000 v. Chr. beginnt.

Kennzeichen der Altsteinzeit sind grobe Steingeräte, je nach Fundort auch Tierknochen mit Nutzspuren, jedoch keine Gerätschaften mit aufwendiger Technik wie z. B. Silexklingen oder Pfeilspitzen.

Potential Cultural Resource / Potentielles Kulturdenkmal

An archeological site or historic building not yet registered by the authorities, but still meets the criteria as a monument. The same requirements are effective as for registered monuments. If a potential monument is identified, the authorities need to be notified.

Ein Boden- oder Baudenkmal, das noch nicht von den Behörden registriert wurde, aber trotzdem die Kriterien eines Denkmals erfüllt, ist ein potentielles Kulturdenkmal. Es ist wie ein registriertes Kulturdenkmal zu behandeln. Wird ein potentielles Denkmal identifiziert, ist das Landesamt für Denkmalpflege einzuschalten.

Duty of Securing and Notifying / Sicherungs- und Anzeigepflicht

If archeological resources (e.g. walls, wood and wood constructions, skeletons, ceramics, metal, stone tools) are exposed during construction measures, the finder is obligated to notify the German authorities, not to change on the find site and to keep it accessible for up to one week.

Sollten bei einer baulichen Maßnahme Bodendenkmäler (z. B. Mauern, Holz- und Holzkonstruktionen, Skelette, Keramik, Metall, Steinwerkzeuge) angetroffen werden, so hat der Entdecker die Pflicht, die Befunde den Denkmalbehörden mitzuteilen, die Fundsituation nicht zu verändern und bis zu einer Woche zugänglich zu halten.

Urnfield culture / Urnenfelderkultur

This is the transition period between the Late Bronze Age and the Hallstatt period. In western Europe, the Celts are assumed to have already been representatives of this culture during the Urnfield culture (approx. 1000 to 800 BC.). It is named after the method of burial in an urn after cremation. The urn fields were normally located apart from the settlements. First evidence of iron tools dates back to this period. The ceramics in the settlements were very crude.

Übergang von der Spätbronzezeit zur Hallstattzeit. Es wird vermutet, das im westlichen Europa schon während der Urnenfelderkulturzeit keltische Völker Träger der Kultur waren (um 1000 bis 800 v. Chr.). Diese Zeit ist nach der Art den Leichenbrand in einer Urne zu bestatten, benannt. Diese waren des Öfteren mit Beigaben versehen. Kennzeichnend sind

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Gräberfelder abseits der Siedlungen. Erste Funde von Eisenwerkzeugen fallen in diese Periode. Die Siedlungskeramik ist sehr grob.

World Heritage List / Weltkulturerbe

The World Heritage List was established under terms of the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Culture and Natural Heritage adopted in November 1972 at the 17th General Conference of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). In July 2005, 812 monuments were registered in 137 countries, 628 of them classified as a “cultural heritage,” 160 as a “natural heritage” and 24 as a “mixed” heritage.

Zum Weltkulturerbe zählen die von der UNESCO als schutzwürdig eingestuften Kultur- und Naturdenkmäler, die von Experten aus verschiedenen Staaten gemäß dem 1972 in Stockholm verabschiedeten "Übereinkommen zum Schutz des Kultur- und Naturerbes der Welt" der UNESCO zusammengestellt wurden. Im Juli 2005 waren 812 Denkmäler in 137 Ländern unter Schutz gestellt, davon gehören 628 dem "Kulturerbe" an, 160 dem "Naturerbe" und 24 dem "gemischten Erbe".

1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

1.1 ABOUT THIS PLAN

This ICRMP is the installation commander’s decision document for cultural resources management actions and specific compliance procedures. ICRMPs are internal Army management plans that integrate all cultural resources (both archeological and structural) with ongoing mission activities, allow for ready identification of potential conflicts between the installation’s mission and cultural resources, and identify compliance actions necessary to maintain the availability of mission essential properties and acreage. Cultural Resources Management at the USAG Ansbach must comply with public laws, support the military mission, and be consistent with sound principles of cultural resources management.

ICRMPs are plans for compliance with the requirements outlined in AR 200-1 and Chapter 12, FGS-G. The FGS provide environmental compliance requirements applicable to Department of Defense (DoD) installations and U.S. Forces’ activities in the Federal Republic of Germany. These standards combine both HN and U.S. legislation.

The ICRMP serves as a guide to accomplish the missions of the cultural resources program. Each year it is reviewed and updated, if required, in a continual cycle. Cultural Resources Management Recommendations and Guidance can be found in Chapter 7. This guidance outlines and describes procedures associated with managing cultural resources within the installations of the USAG Ansbach.

1.2 POINTS OF CONTACT (POCS) AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1.2.1 U.S. ARMY POCS

Most offices that are involved in cultural resources management are in the Directorate of Public Works (DPW).

The DPW is responsible for the planning and coordination of all auxiliary work related to the maintenance, repair and construction of facilities, housing and cantonment areas, environmental and security measures, supply, maintenance, transport and logistics of activities within the installation.

The DPW Environmental Management Division (EMD) maintains and manages land to conserve biodiversity, and ensure that the installation complies with federal and state environmental laws and regulations. It is responsible for the implementation of the ICRMP.

The USAG Ansbach has implemented an Environmental Review (ER) Standing Operation Procedure (SOP) which allows the identification of potential impacts of proposed projects on cultural resources early in the planning process. All cultural resources management activities need to be coordinated with other directorates.

CULTURAL RESOURCES MANAGER (CRM)

In accordance with AR 200-1, each installation must designate a U.S. governmental employee as a Cultural Resources Program Manager (CRM) to coordinate the Cultural

Resources Management Program. This individual is most likely a member of the installation's conservation staff (DPW).

The CRM coordinates the entire sector of cultural and archeological resources. He takes over an advisory function in the process of administration and protection of cultural and archeological resources. He provides the expertise for organizing, prioritizing, and administrates the USAG Ansbach’s cultural management and general oversight of the installation's cultural resources management program. The CRM shall provide day-to-day guidance for staff and facility managers and facility engineers for cultural resources issues and help ensure that all installation activities comply with applicable cultural resources requirements. He serves as a liaison between all personnel who interact with cultural resources and takes necessary actions to implement the ICRMP. Cultural resources management must be integrated into all environmental review and resources protection programs, land use and Range Control programs, military activities, planned construction projects. At the USAG Ansbach, the Cultural Resources Program is administered and coordinated by the EMD. Two U.S. governmental employees are appointed by the Garrison Commander as CRMs, one working for DPW EMD, one working for DPW Operation and Maintenance (O&M), see Cultural Resources SOP, Appendix 4.

EMD POC

The Cultural Resources Program is managed in close coordination with the Environmental Management Program. Natural resource management decisions must be coordinated with cultural resource management decisions and vice versa. All ground-disturbing activities (e.g.

forest management, habitat management, etc.) may have a potential impact on historic and archaeological resources.

MASTER PLANNING POC

Historic sites and their maintenance need to be considered in the planning and design process of new construction projects. The cultural resources management program needs to be closely coordinated with the master planner. Once a resource has been identified, master planning needs to be informed and maps updated.

REAL PROPERTY POC

The Real Property branch maintains inventories of all real property and facilities within the installation. All documents on the property and construction history, as well as land cession agreements between the Bundesanstalt für Immobilienaufgaben (Institute for Federal Real Estate, BImA) and the U.S. Army are stored here. Real property personnel need to be informed about the status of historic building and preservation issues.

DPW O&M, BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS BRANCH (B&G) POC

Buildings and Grounds Branch manages the maintenance, repair, and improvement of the installation’s buildings, structures, and grounds. Primarily the maintenance of the building monuments is part of its field of responsibility. In case of renovation labor on historic buildings, the management recommendations described in the ICRMP have to be considered. In order to ensure compliance with ICRMP guidance during repair work, the Chief, B&G Branch is appointed as a CRM at USAG Ansbach (see Cultural Resources SOP, Appendix 4).

RANGE CONTROL / TRAINING SUPPORT INTEGRATED TRAINING AREA

MANAGEMENT (ITAM) POCS

Training issues need to be integrated into the cultural resources management program.

ITAM projects must be planned in close coordination with cultural and natural resources managers to minimize the impact on valuable resources and ensure compliance with the respective laws and regulations.

PROJECT COORDINATION AT THE USAG ANSBACH

Planning and implementation of major construction are commissioned to the Staatliches Bauamt (State Construction Office). This authority is then responsible for the consideration of cultural resources concerns and for the initiation of permitting procedures.

Pre-planning is performed at Garrison level by master planning. The USAG Ansbach has implemented an ER procedure, which allows indentifying potential impacts of proposed projects on cultural resources early in the planning process. Identified potential impacts on cultural resources will be submitted to the proponent. DD Form 1391 (Military Construction [MILCON] project data) is used to submit requirements and justifications in support of funding requests for military construction to Congress. Pre-planning is performed in close cooperation with the various divisions, including EMD, Master Planning, Force Protection, Safety Office, etc. The completed form is sent to the state for approval.

Projects of smaller extent are planned within the USAG Ansbach. After a proposed project which has potential impact on cultural resources is approved by the Commander or DPW Chief, the Staatliches Bauamt takes over the necessary approval procedures with the HN authorities.

Table 1-1 provides a summary of U.S. Army POCs.

TABLE 1-1: U.S. ARMY POCS

POC Function Office and Address

Mr. Andy Poppen C/EMD DPW EMD Bldg.5843B Bismarck Kaserne Katterbach 91552 Ansbach

DSN 467-3422

andrew.g.poppen.civ@mail.mil

Mr. Jürgen Stöhr CRM DPW EMD Bldg.5843B Bismarck Kaserne Katterbach 91552 Ansbach

DSN 467-3423

juergen.e.stoehr.ln@mail.mil

Mr. Herbert Otta CRM

C/B&G Branch

DPW O&M

Bldg. 5843A Bismarck Kaserne Katterbach 91522 Ansbach

DSN 467-3438

herbert.f.otta.ln@mail.mil

Mr. Dennis Bruner Master Planner DPW Master Planning Bldg. 5843B Bismarck Kaserne Katterbach 91522 Ansbach

DSN 467-3353

dennis.l.bruner2.civ@mail.mil

Ms. Veronika Johnson Real Property DPW Master Planning Bldg. 5843B Bismarck Kaserne Katterbach 91522 Ansbach

DSN 467-2120

veronika.johnson-pliske.ln@maill.mil

Mr. David Barber IMCOM-E

Cult‘ Res‘ POC

Installation Management Command - Europe

(IMCOM-E)

Environmental Office Sembach Kaserne

DSN 496 5654

david.s.barber20.civ@mail.mil

Mr. Juan LaFuente-Masso C/TSC Ansbach Training Support Center (TSC) Ansbach Bldg. 5900, Bismarck Kaserne Katterbach 91522 Ansbach

DSN 467-2487

juan.l.lafuente-masso.civ@mail.mil

1.2.2 HOST NATION AGENCY POC

In Germany, land to be used by the U.S. Forces is inventoried and placed under control of the BImA. The locally responsible BImA will be notified of any action that requires a permit, mailto:andrew.g.poppen.civ@mail.mil mailto:juergen.e.stoehr.ln@mail.mil mailto:herbert.f.otta.ln@mail.mil mailto:dennis.l.bruner2.civ@mail.mil mailto:veronika.johnson-pliske.ln@maill.mil mailto:david.s.barber20.civ@mail.mil mailto:juan.l.lafuente-masso.civ@mail.mil license or other form of official permission in accordance with German law. The BImA will process the necessary administrative steps to obtain the appropriate permit, license or other form of official permission on behalf of DoD. For cultural resources management, the BImA will assist in all necessary permission procedures.

Germany’s Cultural Resources management is administered by the German Federal States.

The Untere Denkmalbehörde (UDB, i.e. Lower Authority for the Protection of Cultural Resources); part of the county or city administration) is responsible for the legal implementation of cultural resources laws and thus first point of contact. The UDB is responsible for the fulfillment of the preservation laws. It issues permits for construction measures, if necessary with conditions attached. The builder must also submit objections to the conditions imposed to the UDB.

The Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege (BLfD – Bavarian State Authority for the Protection of Cultural Resources) is the expert authority for cultural resources and is consulted by the UDB for advice and assistance. It is responsible for decisions concerning the assessment and management of cultural resources. The BLfD maintains the cultural resources register, prepares expert studies, and supervises relevant construction projects.

Furthermore, the BLfD counsels users and/or owners of cultural resources. It also carries out measures, most archeological excavations for the protection and documentation of cultural resources.

If projects have been commissioned the Staatliches Bauamt (State Construction Office), this authority initiates the permitting procedure. The permit from the UDB, as approving authority, is not required if the projects are carried out on federal property, as is the case for U.S.

installations. The Staatliches Bauamt is however obliged to obtain advice on conservation issues from the expert authority (BLfD). If an agreement cannot be reached, the Oberste Denkmalbehörde (Upper Heritage Authority) must make a decision. The Oberste Denkmalbehörde is resident in the corresponding government department of the state concerned (in Bavaria the Department for Science, Research and Arts).

It is recommended that the notification form (Appendix 2) is submitted to the BImA in the early project planning and design phases for constructions that could potentially affect cultural resources (see Chapter 7.).

Contacts to the UDB and BLfD must always be coordinated through the BImA POC provided in Table 1-2.

TABLE 1-2: HN POC

POC Function / Responsibility Office and Address

Mr. Richard Soto Overall German contact concerning all issues regarding cultural resources at USAG Ansbach

BImA Sparte Verwaltungsaufgaben Hauptstelle Nürnberg Liegenschaftsservice für die ausländischen Streitkräfte Krelingstraße 50 90408 Nürnberg

Civ. 0911-376-3931 richard.soto@bundesimmobilien.de mailto:richard.soto@bundesimmobilien.de

2 LAWS AND REGULATIONS

2.1 U.S. LAWS AND REGULATIONS

National Historic Preservation Act (15 October 1966 as amended 2006) Section 402 in the addendum to the 1980 amendments of the National Historic Preservation Act applies to Army actions occurring outside the U.S. It states that, prior to the approval of any federal undertaking outside the U.S. which may directly and adversely affect a property on the World Heritage List or on the applicable country’s equivalent of the National Register, the head of a Federal Agency having direct or indirect jurisdiction over such undertakings shall take into account the effect of the undertaking on such properties for the purposes of avoiding or mitigating any adverse effects.

Executive Order (EO) 12114 Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions (04 January 1979) The purpose of this EO is the establishment of internal procedures for Federal agencies to consider the significant effects of their actions on the environment outside the United States and to further the purpose of the National Environmental Policy Act, with respect to the environment outside the U.S.

Army Regulation (AR) 200-1 Environmental Protection and Enhancement (13 December 2007) The regulation replaces, amongst others, the requirements of former AR 200-4 and updates the policies for managing cultural resources to meet legal compliance requirements and to support the military mission.

Department of the Army (DA) Pamphlet (PAM) Environmental protection and Enhancement (17 January 2002) This DA PAM provides implementing guidance for Army policy requirements contained in AR 200-1, outlines a cultural resources management strategy and provides guidelines for ICRMP preparation.

Army in Europe Regulation (AER) 200-1 Army in Europe Environmental Quality Program (8 May 2012) AER 200-1 establishes policy and procedures for the environmental program of the U.S.

Army in Europe (USAEUR).

Final Governing Standards for Germany (FGS-G) (July 2012) The FGS-G provide specific standards for the protection of environment, natural and cultural resources for DoD activities and installations in Germany. Chapter 12 contains criteria for plans and programs needed to ensure proper protection and management of cultural resources, such as properties included on the World Heritage List or on the HN's list equivalent to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

2.2 HN LAWS AND REGULATIONS

The preservation of historic buildings and sites is subject to different laws within the German Federal States (Bundesländer). No federal preservation law for historic buildings and sites exists.

Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) German Civil Code (24 August 2002, last amended on 19 October 2012) Paragraph 984 (“Schatzfundparagraph”) states that “(...) if an object (treasure) is detected that had been hidden for so long that the owner can no longer be traced, and upon detection is taken possession of, half of the object becomes the property of the finder, the other half becomes the property of the owner of the property on which the object had been hidden.”

Gesetz zum Schutz und zur Pflege der Denkmäler (Denkmalschutzgesetz Bayern – DSchG - Bavarian State Historic Preservation Law. (25. Juni 1973, last amended on

27. July 2009)

The Bavarian State Historic Preservation Law is attached in Appendix 3 (in German language).

• Article 2: Official Inventory and List of Preserved Historic Buildings and Archeological Monuments (Landesdenkmalliste LDL = Bavarian State Cultural Resources Register):

Historic buildings and archeological monuments are listed in an inventory. All entries are officially made by the BLfD in agreement with the county. The respective inventories and archives were taken into account during research. The BLfD has not yet completed a comprehensive inventory. The U.S. Army is therefore advised to contact this authority through the BImA for additional determination of the historic significance of currently unlisted buildings.

• Article 4: Historic Buildings: The owner of (or institution responsible for) a historic building must maintain, repair and professionally treat and protect his site within a reasonable degree. He may be partially or totally obliged to personally perform certain maintenance measures. However, if he is not obliged to perform these tasks himself, he must tolerate the tasks being performed by a third party.

• Article 6: Prohibition of Modifications: The removal, alteration or moving of historic buildings, the change or displacement of protected equipment, or its removal from a historic building is subject to prior approval. Permission is also required for the erection, alteration and removal of facilities within the vicinity of historic buildings if this affects the stock or appearance of one of the historic buildings (e.g. fencing of the building with a wall or construction of garages in the immediate vicinity). If the approval or consent of construction authorities is necessary, then such permission is not required. A construction permit may be refused if there are good reasons for maintaining the unchanged current state.

• Article 7: Excavation of Archeological Monuments: Every alteration to archeological monuments (movable and fixed objects located or previously located underground originating from prehistoric sites) must be reported to the respective authority. All excavation and construction work performed on known or assumed archeological sites requires a special permit. Permission may be declined if necessary for the protection of such a site. Constructing, altering, or removing facilities in the vicinity of archeological sites requires permission, should this affect the appearance of the archaeological site.

• Article 8: Detection of Archeological Sites: Detection of archeological sites must be reported immediately through the BImA to the UDB or the BLfD. The proprietor and the owner of the property (for U.S Army installations: BImA) as well as the contractor and supervisor of the work leading to the detection are also obliged to report this. It however does suffice if one of the people involved reports the find for all concerned. If the finder is an employee, he must report the find to the contractor or the supervisor of the work.

3 LOCATION AND HISTORY

3.1 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

Ansbach lies approximately 40 km southwest of Nürnberg in the federal state of Bavaria, department of Mittelfranken. The countryside (Frankenhöhe) is a part of the southern German cuesta landscape (Schichtstufenland) west of the Frankenalb. Geologically the Frankenhöhe is a part of the Keuper formation.

According to the natural landscape system of Germany, all six installations of the USAG Ansbach are part of the Keuper-Lias landscape. The installations near Ansbach are part of the main unit of the Mittelfränkisches Becken. Storck Barracks is part of the Windsheimer Bucht. Oberdachstetten LTA belongs to the main unit of the Frankenhöhe. The USAG Ansbach installations border on commercial zones, industrial zones and housing areas.

Outside the city limits, agriculture and forestry prevail.

Figures 3-1 shows the locations of the Ansbach installations. Katterbach Kaserne, Barton Barracks, Bleidorn Army Family Housing (AFH), and Urlas/Shipton Kaserne are located within the city limits of the City of Ansbach. Oberdachstetten LTA/Frankenkaserne and Storck Barracks are situated close to the community of Illesheim (county of Neustadt a.d.

Aisch – Bad Windsheim).

Further details of the natural conditions at the USAG Ansbach can be found in the Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) at DPW EMD.

FIGURE 3-1: LOCATION OF THE USAG ANSBACH INSTALLATIONS

3.2 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE CITY OF ANSBACH AND

SURROUNDINGS

3.2.1 PREHISTORY AND EARLY HISTORY OF THE AREA BETWEEN

STEIGERWALD AND FRANKENHÖHE

The area around Ansbach was populated by human beings as of the early Middle Stone Age (Epipaleolithic) as early as 10000 B.C. In 1924, Carl Gumpert discovered the first settlement pit of this period in Germany near Eyb. Despite its poor soils, the Frankenhöhe was always populated. Finds from the Bronze Age, the Urnfield Culture and the Celtic Period confirm the permanent presence of human beings. While the Romans were in Central Europe, the Frankenhöhe formed the border to the free Germania. Burgundians and Allemanians settled in the area. Settlements whose names end with –ingen and the so-called “Langfluren” were characteristic of these tribes. These were long parcels of land behind farmsteads adjacent to the roads. As of the 5th century, the land was increasingly ruled by the Franks. Village names ending with –heim were founded by Franconian settlers. In addition, many of the existing settlements changed their names to the new –heim ending. The villages of the community of Burgbernheim, to which Illesheim belongs, were probably founded during this period. Storck Barracks is situated at Illesheim. The soil conditions called for a combination of agriculture, stock farming and forestry. The population has never been dense even in modern times due to the poor soil quality. Thus, the landscape is characterized by villages and hamlets, with a few small and middle-sized towns. Large feudal estates and a prosperous middle-class only developed alongside the main supraregional thoroughfares.

These include Ansbach, Rothenburg ob der Tauber and Bad Windsheim.

3.2.2 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF ANSBACH

The first settlement was founded around 740 AD. It is ascribed to a Frank by the name of Onold. Eight years later, a Benedictine monastery was founded by Gumbert. The first mention of a parish in Ansbach (“Onoldsbach”) dates back to 1139. The Hohenstaufen Emperor Friederich I of Barbarossa visited the settlement and the monastery in 1189. The first mention of the settlement as a town is known from 1221.

110 years later, the town came under the rule of the Counts of Nürnberg from the house of Zollern. The Counts of Hohenzollern were raised to Princes of the Empire in 1363. In the same year, they began building a castle, their subsequent residence. In 1456 Ansbach became the residence of the electors and margraves of the house of Hohenzollern. In 1528, Margrave Georg established the Reformation. The margraves sided with the reformers during the 30 Year War. Around 1685 the first refugees from the French reformation – the Huguenots – arrived in Ansbach.